PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
REVIEWER
SECOND SEMESTER | Mr. Raynald Rivera
VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE VARIETY
 Refers to various forms of languge triggered by
some social factors such as social situation,
occupation, age, gender, education, geography,
social status, and ethinicty.
 A language may change from region to region,
one social class to another, individual to individual,
and situation to situation. This actual change
results in the varieties of language.
LANGUAGE VARIATION
 Language variations mean regional, social, or
contextual differences in the way a particular
language is used. Language varies in many
dimensions including geographical, social, style
and function.
 Language is subject to variation and it varies with
distance. It is said that language changes its forms
every ten miles away. Language changes at three
levels including vocabulary, grammar and
pronunciation.
Variation on the level of vocabulary: Holiday/
vacation, cookie/ biscuit, movie/ cinema
Variation on the level of grammar:
CATEGORIES OF LANGUAGE VARIETY
DIALECT
 It includes the differences in grammar,
morphology, vocabulary, syntax, and
pronunciation.
 Also refers to the way people speak their native
language.
REGISTER
 Refers to particular ways of using language,
whether formal or informal in particular contexts
and in social situations.
PIDGIN
 A simplified language derived from two or more
languages used by people who do not share a
common language in a given geographical
location
PRELIMS
CREOLE
 A pidgin that is used by native speakers and with
fully developed grammar and syntax.
DIALECT
A particular form of language which is peculiar to
a specific region or social group.
A variety of language that signals where a person
comes from. The notion is usually interpreted
geographically, but it also has some application in
relation to a person´s social background.
For instance, Hey! Howdy! Yo! Hi! are some forms
of Hello which are used in different groups and regions.
TYPES OF DIALECT
REGIONAL DIALECT
 A distinct form of a language spoken or used in a
particular geographical area, also known as
Regiolect or Topolect.
 Spoken in one particular area of a country.
 Affected by geographical factors. Distance is the
main and important factor.
SOCIOLECT
 A variety of speech associated with a particular
social class or occupational group within a society
 Not spoken by all members of a particular group.
 Distance is not an important factor. It can easily be
influenced by social barriers.
IDIOLECT
 A variety of a language unique to an individual.
Every individual has an idiolect.
 The grouping of words and phrases is unique
rather than an individual using specific words that
nobody else uses.
 Idiolects change through contact with other
idiolects and change throughout their lifetime as
well as from generation to generation.
CREOLE
A creole is a pidgin that is used by native speakers
and with fully developed grammar and syntax. Results
from the contact between language of the colonizers
and the colonized
Example: Chavacano - a Spanish-based creole
spoken in Zamboanga
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
SECOND SEMESTER | Mr. Raynald Rivera
REGISTER
 Refers to a particular ways of using language,
whether formal or informal in particular contexts
and in social situations.
TYPES OF REGISTER
FROZEN – These are specific written or oral acts that
remain unchanged.
Examples: The Bible, the United States Constitution,
and National Anthem.
FORMAL – used when communication is expected to
be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained.
Examples: TED talk and a business presentation.
CONSULTATIVE – used when speaking with
someone who has specialized knowledge or who is
offering advice.
Examples: Doctor's appointment, and a meeting with
the school principal.
CASUAL – used when with friends, close
acquaintances, co-workers, and family.
Examples: a birthday party, hanging out with friends.
INTIMATE – usually between two people and often in
private.
Examples: words whispered in a lover's ear, and
inside jokes of two college friends
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN
LANGUAGE
SPOKEN
EVANESCENCE – refers to its nature of rapid fading.
This quality of sound makes spoken language
available only at the time and place it is uttered unless
it is recorded.
FASTER TEMPO – speaking is usually delivered
faster than the written language is produced.
PRELIMS
REVIEWER
SPONTANEITY – refers to the nature of spoken
language wherein it tends to be delivered without
careful thought about the content.
Since speakers produce utterances off the top of
their head, their utterances tend to be fragmented and
disorganized. It tends to be full of repetitions,
incomplete sentences, corrections and interruptions.
RICHNESS IN PROSODY – means that we can utilize
pitches, prominences, pause, and voice quality when
we speak.
NATURALNESS – we can speak without the need for
any tool.
SITUATEDNESS – refers to the setting in which
communication takes place. Without support from
technical devices, speakers who are engaged in the
conversation have to be present at relatively nearby
locations in order to hear each other’s voice.
WRITTEN
PERMANENT AND TRANSPORTABLE
 We can read books from all over the world and
even books from hundreds of years ago.
SLOWER TEMPO
 There is no technological device which allows us
to write as fast as we speak.
DELIBERATE AND COMPLICATED
 Writers usually have the opportunity to look over
their work and to alter its content. As a result,
writers can easily produce longer and more
complicated sentences as compared to their
everyday speech.
LOW OF PROSODY
 Writing systems do not have a well-developed
ways to express prosodic phenomena.
LESS NATURAL
 We need writing tools to write with and on.
DESITUATEDNESS
 Writer and reader do not have to be close when
the writer constructs and produces a text.