SOCIOLINGUISTICS

STYLE, CONTEXT AND REGISTER

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 ADDRESSEE AS AN INFLUENCE ON
STYLE

The addressee, or the person to whom a message or

communication is directed, can also have an impact
on personal style. The way one presents themselves
through fashion and style might be influenced by
various factors related to the recipient or audience:

1. age of addressee
2. social background of addressee
SPEECH CONVERGENCE

Speech convergence refers to the phenomenon

where individuals adjust their speech patterns,
accents, vocabulary, or mannerisms to match or
align more closely with those of the person or group
they are communicating with
 HOW DO SPEAKERS
ACCOMMODATE?

Pronunciation and Accent: Speakers may modify

their pronunciation or accent to match that of
their conversation partner.
Vocabulary and Word Choice: Accommodation
can occur through the use of specific words or
phrases that are familiar or commonly used by
the listener.
 HOW DO SPEAKERS
ACCOMMODATE?

Speech Rate and Rhythm: Adjustments in speech

rate, whether speaking faster or slower, and the
rhythm of speech can contribute to
accommodation
Code-Switching or Code-Mixing: In multilingual
contexts, speakers might switch between
languages or mix elements of different languages
within their speech to accommodate the
linguistic preferences or abilities of their
conversation partners
SPEECH DIVERGENCE

Speech divergence refers to the opposite

phenomenon of speech convergence. Instead of
adjusting one's speech to match that of their
conversation partner, speech divergence involves
deliberately maintaining or emphasizing differences
in speech patterns, language, accents, or
expressions.
 STYLISATION
stylization of language refers to deliberate
alterations or modifications made to language
elements, such as vocabulary, grammar, syntax,
phonology, and discourse, with the intention of
creating a particular artistic effect, aesthetic, or
communicative purpose.
 ACCOMMODATION
PROBLEM

Accommodation problems in language refer to issues

or challenges that arise when individuals attempt to
adjust their speech or language patterns to match
those of their interlocutors.
FORMAL CONTEXT
Formal contexts refer to social situations or
environments where specific norms, behaviors, and
communication patterns adhere to more formal or
standardized language usage. These contexts are
characterized by a higher level of formality,
structure, and adherence to established linguistic
norms.
 SOCIAL ROLES

social roles refer to the positions, identities, and expectations

individuals hold within a society or a specific social group that
influence their language use, communication styles, and interactions.
Social roles play a significant role in shaping how individuals express
themselves linguistically, how they are perceived, and how they
engage in communication within different social contexts.
 DIFFERENT STYLES WITHIN AN
INTERVIEW

In the context of interviews, various communication

styles and strategies can be observed, influenced by
the nature of the interview, participants' roles, and
the dynamics at play. Different styles within
interviews can impact the overall communication
and interaction.
 COLLOQUIAL STYLE

Colloquial style refers to a relaxed, informal, and conversational way

of speaking or writing that is commonly used in everyday
communication among friends, family, and peers. It's characterized
by its casual tone, use of everyday language, idiomatic expressions,
and sometimes even slang or regional dialects.
 THE VERNACULAR

The vernacular refers to the everyday language

spoken by ordinary people in a particular region or
community. It encompasses the informal, colloquial
language used in daily communication among the
general populace. This term typically contrasts with
formal or literary language and often includes
regional dialects, slang, idiomatic expressions, and
common vocabulary unique to a specific area or
social group.
THE INTERACTION OF SOCIAL
CLASS AND STYLE
The interaction between social class and style,
particularly in sociolinguistics, plays a significant
role in shaping language use, communication
patterns, and behavior. Social class refers to a
person's socioeconomic status within a society,
often influenced by factors like income, education,
occupation, and family background. Style, in this
context, refers to the way individuals speak or
present themselves linguistically and behaviorally.
 HYPERCORRECTION

Hypercorrection refers to the linguistic phenomenon where individuals

mistakenly overapply language rules or norms in an attempt to speak or
write "correctly," resulting in errors that deviate from standard usage. It
typically occurs when someone tries to avoid perceived linguistic mistakes
or stigmatized speech features by overcompensating and using a form that
they believe to be more prestigious or "correct," but it ends up being
incorrect in the context.
 Style in non-Western
societies
Style in non-Western societies encompasses diverse forms of
expression, communication, and cultural practices that may differ
significantly from Western conventions. Style, within these societies,
encompasses a wide array of linguistic, artistic, social, and
behavioral elements that are influenced by cultural traditions, values,
and historical contexts.
 REGISTER

In sociolinguistics, a register refers to a variety of

language used in a particular social setting or for a
specific purpose. It encompasses the range of
language styles, vocabulary, grammar, and tone
that individuals or groups employ based on the
context of communication. Registers can vary
significantly based on factors such as social status,
formality, familiarity, and the specific
communication situation.
 Sports announcer talk

Sports announcer talk refers to the unique style of speech and commentary
used by sports announcers or commentators during live sporting events.
This form of communication is characterized by its rapid pace, excitement,
vivid descriptions, and specific terminology tailored to the sport being
covered. The primary goal is to engage audiences, enhance the viewing
experience, and provide real-time analysis and commentary on the game or
event.
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