NON- DESTRUCTIVE

TESTING(NDT)
• For evaluations on existing pavement structure
that do not require subsequent maintenance
work so as to return the pavement to pre-testing
state.
• To assess in-situ properties so as to evaluate
need for destructive testing
USE
• To determine structural capacity of road.
• Repair and maintenance work.
• Overlay thickness.
1) BENKLEMEN BEAM
PLACEMENT OF PROBE
DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT
• Initial dial gauge reading is set as o cm.
• The truck is then moved slowly 2.7 m ahead
and an intermediate reading is taken on dial
gauge.
• The truck is further moved 9m ahead and final
dial gauge reading is taken.
 CORRECTIONS

• 1) TEMPERATURE CORRECTION

• 2) SEASONAL CORRECTION
1) TEMPERATURE CORRECTION
2) SEASONAL CORRECTION
2) FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER
Working Principle
• Weight (40 KN) is dropped from the Pre-
determined height and corresponding vertical
deflections are measured at various radial
points using geo-phones.
COMPARISION b/w BBD and FBD
1) BBD - STATIC LOAD (Not Actual condition of
moving traffic)
FBD - DYNAMIC LOAD ( Actual condition of
moving traffic )
2) BBD - Affected by moving traffic on
adjacent lanes.
3) BBD – More labor is required.
More time is required.
3) Seismic Pavement Analyzer
WORKING PRINCIPLE

Vibrations of different frequencies are created by

striking the pavement with pneumatic hammers. These
vibrations are then picked up and measured by a set of
sensors at a fixed distance from the hammers.

Based on the intensity of vibration detected at each

frequency, seismic pavement analyzer can determine
the thickness and stiffness of the pavement. It can also
identify the presence of cracks.
4) Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)
WORKING PRINCIPLE

Hardened cone tip is placed on the surface and then a weight is

repeatedly dropped on it from a specified height. After a particular
set of blows, the penetration of the cone into the surface is
measured.

The DCP is performed primarily on unbound materials such as base

or sub grade soil, or weakly stabilized materials.
It is considered non destructive because the test does not affect the
ability of the material to support the pavement structure.

USE
To determine shear strength of material.
5) Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
WORKING PRINCIPLE

Radar pulses are transmitted into the pavement which are reflected
back to an antenna.
Based on the composition of the structure below the surface, the
energy of reflected radar pulse received by antenna varies.

USE

To estimate thickness of individual pavement layers

To determine air void content of the pavement.
1) AIR coupled antenna 2) GROUND coupled antenna
 6) Nuclear density gauge
• WORKING PRINCIPLE

Source emits the radiation in the form of gamma

rays interact with electrons in the asphalt mix and
are scattered in various directions.

The number of rays received by the gauge is

proportional to pavement density and can be
calibrated to actual densities based on pavement
cores tested in the laboratory.
7) Non-Nuclear Electrical Gauges
WORKING PRINCIPLE

Same as that of nuclear density gauge, except

the source – Electric current