Great Expectations LitChart

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Great Expectations
the Gothic tradition as well as of the nascent mystery novel. In
INTR
INTRO
O addition to being literary peers, Collins and Dickens were
lifelong friends and collaborators.
BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF CHARLES DICKENS
Born to a navy clerk, Charles Dickens spent his early childhood KEY FACTS
in Kent, the setting for Pip's village in Great Expectations. When
Dickens was ten, the family moved to London and his father • Full Title: Great Expectations
was thrown in debtors' prison. Dickens left school and worked • When Written: 1860-1861
in a boot-blacking warehouse to help support his household. He • Where Written: Kent, England
later returned to school but left at fifteen to work as a law clerk,
• When Published: Serialized from 1860-1861; published in
a court reporter, and a political journalist before devoting
1861
himself to writing full-time. His books were wildly successful
both in England and in the United States, and include classics • Literary Period: Victorian Era
like Great Expectations, Bleak House, and Oliver Twist, still • Genre: Coming-of-Age Novel (Bildungsroman)
popular today. Dickens also founded a theater company and a • Setting: Kent and London, England
magazine, All the Year Round. He was unhappily married to • Climax: Pip discovers his patron is the convict
Catherine Hogarth, with whom he had ten children. Dickens
• Antagonist: Orlick, Bentley Drummle, and Compeyson
was still writing when he died in 1870 and is buried in
Westminster Abbey's Poets' Corner. • Point of View: First person (Pip is the narrator)
HISTORICAL CONTEXT EXTRA CREDIT

Serial Fiction – In the Victorian era, books were often
The technological innovations that gave rise to the Industrial
published by magazines in serial installments before they were
Revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century
printed as complete books. Great Expectations was serialized
introduced the first capitalist economy, opening social and
in All the Year Round, the weekly magazine Dickens' founded
financial opportunities to people who had never had the chance
and ran.
to gain status or wealth under the rigid hereditary class
hierarchy of the past. These opportunities enabled people born
into lower classes to raise their standing in society by making Alternative Endings – Great Expectations has been published
money and acquiring education. The new opportunities in turn with two different endings. Dickens' rewrote the original
inspired ambitions that had not been possible in pre-Industrial ending in response to complaints that it was too sad. Most
Revolution England, where one's life path was determined contemporary editions of the novel are published with this
strictly by birth. Great Expectations explores both the dream revised (and happier) ending.
and the realization of such ambitions, both what is gained and
what is lost, and showcases lives from all classes of nineteenth-
century British society. PL
PLO
OT SUMMARY
Pip is an orphan living in southeast England with his foul-
RELATED LITERARY WORKS tempered sister, Mrs. Joe, and her gentle husband, Joe
Wilkie Collins' The Woman in White is considered one of the Gargery, the village blacksmith. On Christmas Eve, Pip
earliest English mystery novels and was serialized to great encounters an escaped convict in a leg-iron who scares Pip into
success in Dickens' magazine All the Year Round just a short stealing food and a metal file for him. Pip steals the food and file
while before Dickens published his own Great Expectations in from his sister's pantry and Joe's blacksmith shop. The next day,
that same magazine. The mystery proved an ideal literary form Pip and Joe see soldiers capture the convict on the marshes
for serialization as each installment left readers with where he wrestles bitterly with another escaped convict. The
unanswered questions, eager for the next installment. In its convict Pip helped protects Pip by confessing to the theft of the
reliance on suspense and haunting enigma, the mystery form food and file, and Pip's involvement in the theft goes
also drew on the Gothic literary tradition of the early undiscovered.
nineteenth century. In Great Expectations, intricate plot twists Soon after, Pip is invited to start visiting wealthy Miss
and the secret of Pip's anonymous patron show the influence of Havisham and her snobby adopted daughter, Estella, at Satis
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House. Miss Havisham was abandoned by her fiancée twenty then drowns, wrestling with Provis in the water. Provis is
years prior and seeks revenge on men by raising Estella to arrested and found guilty of escaping illegally from the penal
mercilessly break hearts. Estella's disdain for Pip's colony of New South Wales, but dies from illness before his
"commonness" inspires Pip's dissatisfaction with life as an execution.
apprentice blacksmith. He grows infatuated with Estella and Pip falls ill. Joe nurses him and pays his debts. Healthy again,
assesses himself by her standards long after his Satis House Pip returns to the village hoping to marry Biddy only to stumble
visits come to an end. upon her happy wedding with Joe. Pip goes abroad with
Pip is apprenticed to Joe and grows increasingly despondent at Herbert to be a merchant. When he returns eleven years later,
his low status, seeking to elevate himself through independent he finds an spitting image of himself in Joe and Biddy's son Pip
study. When Mrs. Joe is brain damaged by the blows of an II and runs into Estella on the razed site of Satis House.
intruder at the forge, Pip suspects Orlick, Joe's cruel Suffering has made Estella grow a heart and she and Pip walk
journeyman helper. Biddy moves in to run the household and off together, never to part again.
becomes Pip's confidante, trying in vain to help Pip get over
Estella.
One night, Mr. Jaggers tells Pip that he has an anonymous
CHARA
CHARACTERS
CTERS
patron who wishes Pip to be trained as a gentleman. Pip Pip Pirrip – The novel's hero, Pip is an orphan who lives with his
assumes that this patron is Miss Havisham and that Estella is harsh and selfish sister Mrs. Joe and serves as the apprentice
secretly betrothed to him. Unsympathetic to Joe and Biddy's of her gentle blacksmith husband Joe. Pip is sensitive and
sadness at losing him, Pip snobbishly parades his new status intellectually curious, but he is also extremely ambitious and,
and goes to study with Matthew Pocket. Pip lives part time when he unexpectedly comes into money as a teenager, Pip
with Matthew's sweet-tempered son Herbert Pocket in grows haughty and extravagant in pursuit of a lifestyle genteel
London, where the two become fast friends. Pip's study mates enough to meet the refined standards of Estella, the woman he
are Startop and Bentley Drummle, the foul-tempered heir to a loves. Confusing personal integrity with public reputation, Pip
baronetcy who becomes Pip's nemesis when he pursues is cruelly disloyal to Joe and Biddy, avoiding them because of
Estella, now an elegant lady. Pip also befriends Wemmick, Mr. their lower class. Still, by novel's end, Pip learns to judge people
Jaggers' clerk, who is stoic and proper in the office and warm by internal rather than superficial standards and redeems
and friendly outside of it. Pip spends extravagantly and puts on himself by repenting sincerely and reforming his personal
airs, alienating Joe on Joe's trip to London. Pip wishes Joe were values.
more refined and fears association with him will jeopardize his
own social status. He doesn't return to the forge until he hears Pro
Provis
vis (a.k.a. Abel Magwitch) (a.k.a. the conconvict)
vict) – The
Mrs. Joe has died. Even then, his visit is brief. escaped convict Pip helps in the novel's opening scenes, Provis'
gratitude towards Pip inspires him to devote his life-savings to
Back in London, Pip enlists Wemmick's help to invest secretly in Pip, becoming Pip's anonymous patron. Born an orphan on the
Herbert's career, a gesture Pip considers the best result of his streets and cruelly swindled by Compeyson, Provis has lived a
wealth, or "expectations." One night, Pip's patron finally reveals life in and out of prison. Still, his criminal record is largely the
himself: he is Provis, the convict Pip helped on the marshes result of unfortunate circumstances, not character, for Provis is
who has saved up a fortune while in exile and sailed back to kind, good-hearted, and immensely generous.
England illegally just to see Pip. Pip is appalled by Provis's
manners and devastated to realize Estella can't possibly be Estella Ha
Havisham
visham – The adopted daughter of Miss Havisham,
betrothed to him. When he confronts Miss Havisham, she Estella is proud, refined, beautiful, and cold, raised by Miss
admits she led Pip on regarding Estelle simply to make her Havisham to wreak revenge on the male sex. Though her
selfish relatives jealous, and that Estella will be married to beauty and elegance attract countless suitors (including Pip),
Bentley Drummle. When heartbroken Pip professes his love for Miss Havisham has raised her to lack a true human heart and
her, Miss Havisham realizes her error in depriving Estella of a she is unable to love.
heart. She pleads for Pip's forgiveness, which Pip readily grants. Joe Gargery – As Mrs. Joe's husband, Joe is a father figure for
Back in London a few days later, Pip realizes that Estella is the Pip throughout Pip's childhood and his tender kindness
daughter of Provis and Mr. Jaggers' maid Molly. protects Pip from Mrs. Joe's harsh parenting. Joe is the village
Provis' rival on the marshes was Compeyson, Miss Havisham's blacksmith and has no formal education but possesses a deep
devious former fiancée. Compeyson is looking for Provis in sense of integrity and an unfailing moral compass. Joe is loyal,
London and Pip plans to get Provis out of England by boat. generous, and kind, and acts lovingly towards Pip even when
Before they escape, Orlick manages to lure Pip to the village Pip's is ungrateful.
marshes and tries to kill him, but Herbert intervenes. Pip nearly Herbert PPock
ocket
et (a.k.a. the pale yyoung
oung gentleman) – Pip's best
succeeds in escaping with Provis but Compeyson stops them, friend, Herbert is compassionate, honest, and unpretentious.

He and Pip live together in London where he works in a Orlick – Originally Joe's journeyman, Orlick is devious and
counting house, then as a merchant. He cheerfully helps Pip violently vengeful. He resents Pip, whom he blames for all of his
through all of Pip's struggles. Pip secretly invests in Herbert's problems.
career to help Herbert succeed as a merchant. Bentle
Bentleyy Drummle – Bentley Drummle studies with Pip. He is a
Biddy – An orphan Pip meets at the village school, Biddy moves wealthy heir to a baronetcy, upper class according to the old
into the forge to help out after Mrs. Joe's attack and later system of inherited rank. Described as "idle, proud…and
becomes a schoolteacher. She is humble, kind, moral, and suspicious," Drummle is Pip's nemesis. He pursues Estella.
fiercely intelligent, absorbing knowledge without any formal Startop – Startop studies with Pip. Though spoiled by an
education. She is also sharply perceptive and sees through overprotective mother, Startop is a good-natured and helpful
everyone's pretensions, calling Pip out on his delusions and friend.
snobbery long before Pip can recognize them.
Matthew P Pock
ocket
et – Miss Havisham's cousin, Herbert's father,
Miss Ha
Havisham
visham – The wealthy daughter of a brewer, Miss and Pip's tutor, Matthew Pocket is honorable, upstanding, and
Havisham was abandoned on her wedding day by her fiancée kind.
(Compeyson) and, traumatized. She preserves herself and her
house in wedding regalia, shutting out the world for over Mrs. P
Pock
ocket
et – Mr. Pocket's helpless, title-obsessed wife and a
twenty years. To exact her revenge on men, Miss Havisham disastrous mother.
adopts and raises Estella to be beautiful and desirable but Mr
Mr.. W
Wopsle
opsle's
's great-aunt – The incompetent teacher at the
completely heartless. Miss Havisham is capricious, village evening school.
manipulative, bitter, and, until novel's end, unable to recognize Mr
Mr.. W
Wopsle
opsle – The village church clerk who moves to London to
anyone's pain but her own. be an actor.
Mr
Mr.. Jaggers – A famous lawyer in London, Mr. Jaggers is Pip's Mr
Mr.. T
Trrabb – The toady village tailor.
guardian and the middleman between him and his patron. Mr.
Trabb
abb's
's Bo
Boyy – Mr. Trabb's mischievous assistant.
Jaggers also works for Miss Havisham. He is rational, sharp-
minded, and intimidating. He prides himself on neither Millers, Flopson and Sophia – Mr. and Mrs. Pockets' harried
expressing nor responding to human emotion. maids who run the Pockets' household to their own advantage.
Wemmick – As Mr. Jaggers' clerk, Wemmick models his Jane P
Pock
ocket
et – Mr. and Mrs. Pockets' daughter.
character on Mr. Jaggers while in the office where he is rational, Molly – Mr. Jaggers' maid whom Wemmick describes as "a wild
unemotional, and money-minded. Yet when Wemmick is at beast tamed."
home, his personality changes dramatically and he is warm, Arthur Ha
Havisham
visham – Miss Havisham's resentful half-brother
empathetic, domestic, and nurturing towards his elderly father, and Compeyson's partner.
the Aged. Pip and Wemmick are good friends outside of the
office but maintain a strictly professional relationship in front Sar
Sarah
ah P
Pock
ocket,
et, Camilla, Georgiana, and Ra
Raymond
ymond – Miss
of Mr. Jaggers. Havisham's selfish relatives.
Mrs. Joe Gargery – Pip's older sister and guardian after his The Aged – Wemmick's jolly, nearly deaf father.
parents' die, Mrs. Joe is fiery, tyrannical, and false, harping on Miss Skiffins – The handsome, good-natured woman
her own victimhood even as she abuses Pip and Joe. She is Wemmick courts and eventually marries.
obsessed with social status and reputation. Yet, after the attack The A
Avvenger – Pip's servant.
by Orlick that gives her brain damage, Mrs. Joe's personality
Clar
Claraa – Herbert's fiancé.
changes completely and she becomes patient, compassionate,
and docile. Bill Barle
Barleyy – Clara's ogre-like father.
Mr
Mr.. Pumblechook (a.k.a. Uncle Pumblechook) – A corn and Pip (II) – Joe and Biddy's son.
seed merchant and Joe's uncle, Mr. Pumblechook is superficial, Mr
Mr.. and Mrs. Hubble – The village wheelwright and wife.
calculating, and false. He takes undue credit for parenting Pip.
Mrs. Coiler – Mr. and Mrs. Pockets' neighbor.
Compe
Compeysonyson (a.k.a. the other con
convict)
vict) – A cruel, scheming
Mrs. Whimple – Clara's landlady.
villain, Compeyson is a forger and counterfeiter who uses his
educated, upper-class appearance to trick people into thinking
he is more honorable and less guilty than the lower-class THEMES
criminals (like Provis) whom he manipulates. Though
Compeyson may possess the trappings of gentility, he is ignoble In LitCharts each theme gets its own color and number. Our
to the core. color-coded theme boxes make it easy to track where the

themes occur throughout the work. If you don't have a color capable of generating both positive and negative results. Pip's
printer, use the numbers instead. early ambitions focus on elevating his social class, on making
himself into someone who seems worthy of Estella, but in the
1 SOCIAL CLASS process he turns himself into someone who feels like a sham, is
unkind to those who were kindest to him such as Joe and
Great Expectations is set near the end of Industrial Revolution, a
Provis, and ruins himself financially. Through these humbling
period of dramatic technological improvement in
experiences, Pip eventually comes to understand self-
manufacturing and commerce that, among other things,
improvement as a more complex process involving moral and
created new opportunities for people who were born into
spiritual development as well. Pip's own ambitions are echoed
"lower" or poorer classes to gain wealth and move into a
by the self-improvement efforts of secondary characters like
"higher" and wealthier class. This new social mobility marked a
Joe and Ms. Havisham, who learn to write and to empathize,
distinct break from the hereditary aristocracy of the past,
respectively, at Pip's encouragement.
which enforced class consistency based solely on family lines.
Great Expectations is set in this new world, and Dickens explores
it by tracing Pip's ascent through the class system, a trajectory 3 INTEGRITY AND REPUTATION
that would not have been possible within the rigid class In Great Expectations, Dickens explores pride as both a positive
hierarchy of the past. and a negative trait by presenting various types of pride
The novel ranges from the lowest classes of convicts and ranging from Estella and Bentley Drummle's snobbery to Joe
orphans to the poor working class of Joe and Biddy up to the and Biddy's moral uprightness. The crucial distinction between
wealthy Miss Havisham, whose family made its fortune these different varieties of pride is whether they rely on other
through the manufacture of beer. Notably, the novel spends people's opinions or whether they spring from a character's
virtually no time focused on the traditional aristocracy, and internal conscience and personal sense of accomplishment.
when it does it makes those who still believe in the inheritance Characters who espouse the former variety are concerned
of class look ridiculous through the absurd character of Mrs. with reputation, not with integrity. Among them are Mrs. Joe,
Pocket, whose blind faith in blood lineage has rendered her Uncle Pumblechook, Estella, and Bentley Drummle. Because
utterly useless to society. these characters measure themselves according to public
opinion, they are constantly comparing themselves to the
Yet in the world of Great Expectations where the nobility and
people around them and denigrating others in order to make
gentility that were once associated with the aristocracy are no
themselves seem superior by comparison.
longer seen as founded on birthright, characters continually
grapple with the question of what those traits are based on. Can Yet because it's impossible to be sure of other people's
they be taught? Can they be bought? Pip tries both: he opinions, they are never satisfied. Mrs. Joe and Bentley
educates himself in order to gain "good" manners and also Drummle are sour-tempered and Pip is deeply unhappy for the
spends prodigiously on luxury goods, outfitting himself with the majority of the novel. Characters like Joe and Biddy, on the
trappings of aristocracy as if to purchase aristocracy itself. other hand, possess integrity and thus value themselves
according to their own standards of success. Because they are
These tensions come to a head when Provis arrives in London, self-sufficient rather than dependent on others for affirmation,
ignorantly confident in his power to use his wealth to buy these characters are at peace with themselves and can actually
gentility. Provis' misguided trust in money awakens Pip to his experience contentment. Over the course of the novel, Pip
own misunderstanding. Meanwhile, Dickens constantly upends evolves from being a person invested in reputation to being a
the old equation between nobility and class: most of the novel's person with integrity. Estella first triggers Pip's obsession with
heroes (Joe, Biddy, and Provis) are in the lower class while most reputation and he spends many miserable years frantically
of its villains (Compeyson and Drummle) are upper class. trying to inflate Estella's opinion of him. Yet eventually, Pip
Ultimately, Pip comes to learn that the source of true gentility learns to listen to his internal conscience and stops placing so
is spiritual nobility rather than either great knowledge or much value on others' views.
wealth.
Shame plays an integral role in this education. For most of the
novel, Pip suppresses his shame at mistreating Joe and Biddy
2 AMBITION AND SELF-IMPROVEMENT and avoids apologizing to them. This behavior prioritizes
A "pip" is a small seed, something that starts off tiny and then reputation, refusing to acknowledge shame so that the public
grows and develops into something new. Pip's name, then, is no will not see it. A person with integrity, by contrast, apologizes
accident, as Great Expectations is a bildungsroman, a story of the because he has prioritized his conscience over controlling how
growth and development of its main character. Dickens others see him. Only after being humbled by financial loss and
presents the ambition to improve oneself that drives Pip along by Provis' misfortune does Pip develop the integrity to admit
with many of the novel's secondary characters as a force his own errors and apologize to Joe and Biddy. Along the way,

Wemmick's respect for domestic life and Herbert's and lands them both back in prison, Miss Havisham's perverse
virtuousness point Pip in the right direction. plot to torture Estella's suitors robs everyone of the chance at
love, and, while Orlick may be content with clubbing Mrs. Joe
4 PARENTS for scolding him, it's clear to the reader that this revenge is
deeply horrific, leaving Mrs. Joe handicapped for life.
As the novel distrusts British culture's traditional blind faith in
family lines, it also looks skeptically at the traditional family Ultimately, through Pip's development and that of the
unit. Great Expectations includes very few models of healthy characters around him, the novel suggests that the only true
parent-child relations. Many of the novel's and enduring scale of justice is the human conscience. As Pip
characters—including Pip, Provis, and Biddy—are orphans, and becomes more compassionate, he inspires empathy among
those that aren't orphans come from broken or dysfunctional previously stoic characters like Wemmick and Miss Havisham
families like Herbert's, Miss Havisham's, Estella's, Clara's, and as well. In the end, the novel's most fulfilling portraits of justice
Joe's. Though Wemmick's relationship with the Aged Parent are the sincere apologies and forgiveness exchanged between
seems like an exception, it's important to note that Dickens Pip and Miss Havisham and between Pip, Joe and Biddy.
introduces us to them at a stage of their lives when their
dynamic has inverted and Wemmick parents his father rather 6 GENEROSITY
than being cared for by him. Not until the last few pages do we Dickens explores many different understandings of generosity
encounter the functional traditional family newly started by in Great Expectations. Though Pip's initial generosity towards
Joe and Biddy. Provis is mostly motivated by fear, Provis understands it as
Instead of showcasing traditional mothers and fathers, Dickens true generosity and responds by selflessly devoting his life's
chooses to feature adoptive parents, mentors, and guardians. savings towards Pip's future. Meanwhile, Mrs. Joe and Uncle
Among these characters, Joe epitomizes selfless kindness, Pumblechook understand generosity as a status marker and
protecting and nurturing Pip throughout his life in spite of Pip's are much more interested in being considered generous than in
teenage ingratitude. Though Provis doesn't participate in actually acting generously. They thus constantly take credit for
raising Pip, he too exemplifies steadfast devotion as he Joe's generosity to better their own reputations in town.
dedicates his life's fortune to Pip's future. Guardians like Mrs. Later, Pip believes that the best kind of generosity is
Joe and Miss Havisham demonstrate more selfish modes of anonymous and claims that his life's only good deed was his
child-rearing as they use their charges to fulfill their own needs: secret donation to Herbert's career. Indeed, many of the
Mrs. Joe to better her public image and Miss Havisham to novel's most generous acts—including Provis', Joe's, and
avenge her betrayal. As in his treatment of social class, Dickens Pip's—are not recognized for a long time, implying that the truly
challenges a system organized by blood and presents a model generous give without expecting immediate recognition. Yet,
of parentage determined by love and care, regardless of the despite the delay, every gift's giver is eventually discovered and
genetic relation between parent and child. thanked, which suggests that true generosity is always
rewarded in the end. Pip's ability to recognize generosity shifts
5 JUSTICE over the course of the novel and his early ingratitude towards
From Pip's encounters with escaped convicts at the beginning Joe and Provis evolves into deep appreciation. These men also
of Great Expectations, to the grotesque courts and prisons in inspire magnanimousness in Pip himself, who selflessly devotes
parts II and III, the novel casts the British legal system in a himself to Provis in part III.
dubious light. Though Mr. Jaggers functions as an upstanding
force in Pip's life by checking Pip's extravagance, it is
questionable whether his law practice truly serves the law. SYMBOLS
After all, Mr. Jaggers built his reputation on successfully Symbols appear in red text throughout the Summary and
acquitting a murderer. Likewise Wemmick's separate moral Analysis sections of this LitChart.
codes—one for the law firm, one for home—highlight the legal
mindset's inadequacy in matters of the heart or family. Most
distressing of all, some of the novel's most heinous crimes slip MIST
right through the legal system. The mist clouding the landscape around Pip's village
The law treats Orlick and Compeyson much more lightly than symbolizes psychological uncertainty. As it obscures the view, it
they deserve. A number of characters attempt to make up for represents a lack of clarity, insight, or knowledge. Pip's four
the law's blind spots by taking the law into their own hands and most formative experiences all take place in the mist. Early in
seeking revenge, but revenge justice proves just as faulty: the novel, Pip runs terrified through the mist to bring stolen
Provis' wrestling match with Compeyson on the marsh is futile food and a file to the convict. Not only is Pip uncertain and

afraid of the convict's threats, he is completely unaware of the BOOK 1, CHAPTER 2 QUOTES
immense generosity his actions will inspire in the convict over
"People are put in the Hulks because they murder, and because
the next twenty years. Likewise, Pip moves through heavy mist
they rob, and forge, and do all sorts of bad; and they always
as he first leaves his village for London, not knowing how
begin by asking questions. Now you get along to bed!"
different his life there will be from the grand, genteel life he has
fantasized about. Later, Pip walks through the mist on his way •Speak
•Speaker
er: Mrs. Joe Gargery
to meet his anonymous informant, who turns out to be Orlick •Mentioned or related char
characters
acters: Pip Pirrip
lying in wait to kill him. Finally, Pip passes through mist to visit
the razed site of Satis House where he is surprised to find •Related themes
themes: Parents, Justice
Estella and the promise of a new life. •Theme T
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code:
4 5
THE LEG-IRON
The Leg-Iron symbolizes justice. Most literally, the convicts' leg-
BOOK 1, CHAPTER 3 QUOTES
irons physically constrain them within the terms of their court-
decreed prison sentences. Yet Pip also compares the damp cold The terrors that had assailed me whenever Mrs. Joe had gone
of the marshes to a leg-iron in Chapter 2, foreshadowing the near the pantry, or out of the room, were only to be equaled by
sense of constraint he will feel in the village as he ages. For the remorse with which my mind dwelt on what my hands hand
much of the novel, Pip treats the village and its working class done. Under the weight of my wicked secret, I pondered
lifestyle like a prison he tries his best to escape. The leg-iron whether the Church would be powerful enough to shield me
becomes a symbol of perverse justice when used as a weapon, from the vengeance of the terrible young man, if I divulged to
as when Orlick uses it to strike Mrs. Joe brutally on the head, that establishment. I conceived the idea that the time when the
exacting his horrifically overblown revenge. banns were read and when the clergyman said, "Ye are now to
declare it!" would be the time for me to rise and propose a
private conference in the vestry.
SATIS HOUSE
Satis House is a symbol of frustrated expectations. The word •Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip
"satis" comes from the Latin word for "enough," and the house •Mentioned or related char
characters
acters: Mrs. Joe Gargery
must have been given its name as a blessing or as a premonition •Related themes
themes: Justice
that its residents would be satisfied with the lives they led
•Theme T
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code:
between its walls. Yet throughout the novel, Satis House
houses nothing but dashed dreams and bitter disappointments. 5
Miss Havisham turns the house into a shrine to her betrayal by
Compeyson for twenty years. Likewise, Pip's most tenderly
cherished expectation—that he will marry Estella—is formed BOOK 1, CHAPTER 4 QUOTES
and destroyed at Satis House. The disappointments Satis I thought what terrible good sauce for a dinner my fugitive
House contains can only be repaired at the expense of the friend on the marshes was. They had not enjoyed themselves a
house itself. Thus, Miss Havisham rediscovers her heart just as quarter so much before the entertainment was brightened with
her wedding chambers are destroyed by fire. Thus, Pip and the excitement he furnished.
Estella look towards a happier relationship only after the house
•Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip
is razed.
•Mentioned or related char
characters
acters: Provis (a.k.a. Abel
Magwitch) (a.k.a. the convict)
QUO
QUOTES
TES •Related themes
themes: Justice
The color-coded and numbered boxes under each quote below •Theme T
Trrack
acker
er code
code:
make it easy to track the themes related to each quote. Each
color and number corresponds to one of the themes explained
5
in the Themes section of this LitChart.
"Let him go free? Let him profit by the means I found out? Let
him make a tool of me afresh and again? Once more? No, no, no.
If I had died at the bottom there…I'd have held to him with that
grip, that you should have been safe to find him in my hold."

•Speak
•Speaker
er: Provis (a.k.a. Abel Magwitch) (a.k.a. the convict) BOOK 1, CHAPTER 13 QUOTES
characters
acters: Compeyson (a.k.a. the other I was truly wretched, and had a strong conviction on me that I
convict) should never like Joe's trade. I had liked it once, but once was
•Related themes
themes: Justice not now.
•Theme T
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acker
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code: •Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip
5 •Mentioned or related char
characters
acters: Joe Gargery
•Related themes
themes: Social Class, Integrity and Reputation
BOOK 1, CHAPTER 6 QUOTES •Theme T
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code:
I was too cowardly to do what I knew to be right, as I had been 1 3
too cowardly to avoid doing what I knew to be wrong.
•Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip BOOK 1, CHAPTER 15 QUOTES
•Related themes
themes: Integrity and Reputation I wanted to make Joe less ignorant and common, that he might
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3 •Speak
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characters
acters: Estella Havisham, Joe
BOOK 1, CHAPTER 9 QUOTES Gargery
"…lies is lies. Howsoever they come, they didn't ought to come, •Related themes
themes: Social Class, Ambition and Self-
and they come from the father of lies, and work round to the Improvement, Integrity and Reputation
same. Don't you tell no more of ‘em, Pip. That ain't the way to •Theme T
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get out of being common, old chap…If you can't get to be
uncommon through going straight, you'll never get to do it 1 2 3
through going crooked."
•Speak
•Speaker
er: Joe Gargery Miss Havisham and Estella and the strange house and the
strange life appeared to have something to do with everything
characters
acters: Pip Pirrip
that was picturesque.
•Related themes
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acters: Estella Havisham, Miss
Havisham
1 2 3 4 •Related themes
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…my young mind was in that disturbed and unthankful state
that I thought long after I laid me down, how common Estella 1
would consider Joe, a mere blacksmith: how thick his boots,
and how coarse his hands. I thought how Joe and my sister BOOK 1, CHAPTER 18 QUOTES
were then sitting in the kitchen, and how Miss Havisham and
…as Joe and Biddy became more at their cheerful ease again, I
Estella never sat in a kitchen, but were far above the level of
became quite gloomy. Dissatisfied with my fortune, of course I
such common things.
could not be; but it is possible that I may have been, without
•Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip quite knowing it, dissatisfied with myself.
characters
acters: Estella Havisham, Joe •Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip
Gargery, Miss Havisham, Mrs. Joe Gargery
characters
acters: Joe Gargery, Biddy
•Related themes
•Related themes
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1 3

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1 2 3 …[Mrs. Pocket] had grown up highly ornamental, but perfectly
helpless and useless.
BOOK 1, CHAPTER 19 QUOTES •Speak

•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip
As I passed the church, I felt…a sublime compassion for the •Mentioned or related char
characters
acters: Mrs. Pocket
poor creatures who were destined to go there, Sunday after •Related themes
Sunday, all their lives through, and to lie obscurely at last
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among the low green mounds. I promised myself that I would
do something for them one of these days, and formed a plan in 1 3
outline for bestowing a dinner of roast beef and plum pudding,
a pint of ale, and a gallon of condescension upon everybody in
the village. BOOK 2, CHAPTER 27 QUOTES
"Pip, dear old chap, life is made of ever so many partings welded
•Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip together, as I may say, and one man's a blacksmith, and one's a
•Related themes
themes: Social Class, Integrity and Reputation, whitesmith, and one's a goldsmith, and one's a coppersmith.
Generosity Divisions among such must come, and must be met as they
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code: come. If there's been any fault at all to-day, it's mine. You and
me is not two figures to be together in London; nor yet
1 3 6 anywheres else but what is private, and beknown, an
understood among friends. It ain't that I am proud, but that I
want to be right, as you shall never see me no more in these
"Oh, there are many kinds of pride," said Biddy, looking full at clothes. I'm wrong in these clothes. I'm wrong out of the forge,
me and shaking her head; "Pride is not all of one kind…[Joe] the kitchen, or off th'meshes. You won't find half so much fault
may be too proud to let any one take him out of a place that he in me if you think of me in my forge dress, with my hammer in
is competent to fill, and fills well and with respect." my hand, or even my pipe."
•Speak
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•Speaker
er: Joe Gargery
characters
acters: Pip Pirrip, Joe Gargery •Mentioned or related char
characters
acters: Pip Pirrip
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themes: Integrity and Reputation •Related themes
themes: Social Class, Integrity and Reputation,
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1 3 6
BOOK 2, CHAPTER 21 QUOTES
"...it is a principle of [Matthew Pocket's] that no man who was BOOK 2, CHAPTER 32 QUOTES
not a true gentleman at heart, ever was, since the world began, …how strange it was that I should be encompassed by all this
a true gentleman in manner. He says, no varnish can hide the taint of prison and crime; that, in my childhood out on our
grain of the wood, and that the more varnish you put on, the lonely marshes on a winter evening, I should have first
more the grain will express itself." encountered it; that it should have reappeared on two
•Speak
•Speaker
er: Herbert Pocket (a.k.a. the pale young gentleman) occasions, starting out like a stain that was faded but not gone;
that it should in this new way pervade my fortune and
characters
acters: Matthew Pocket advancement.
•Related themes
Improvement, Integrity and Reputation •Speak
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5

BOOK 2, CHAPTER 33 QUOTES •Mentioned or related char
characters
acters: Estella Havisham
"We have no choice, you and I, but to obey our instructions. We •Related themes
themes: Parents, Justice
are not free to follow our own devices, you and I." •Theme T
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characters
acters: Pip Pirrip
•Related themes
themes: Social Class, Parents BOOK 3, CHAPTER 55 QUOTES
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code: For now my repugnance to [Provis] had all melted away, and in
the hunted wounded shackled creature who held my hand in
1 4 his, I only saw a man who had meant to be my benefactor, and
who had felt affectionately, gratefully, and generously towards
BOOK 2, CHAPTER 38 QUOTES me with great constancy through a series of years. I only saw in
"I am what you have made me. Take all the praise, take all the him a much better man than I had been to Joe.
blame; take all the success, take all the failure; in short, take •Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip
me."
characters
acters: Provis (a.k.a. Abel
•Speak
•Speaker
er: Estella Havisham Magwitch) (a.k.a. the convict), Joe Gargery
characters
acters: Miss Havisham •Related themes
themes: Ambition and Self-Improvement, Integrity
•Related themes
themes: Parents and Reputation, Parents, Generosity
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BOOK 3, CHAPTER 44 QUOTES BOOK 3, CHAPTER 58 QUOTES

"Miss Havisham gives you to him as the greatest slight and …the wonderful difference between the servile manner in
injury that could be done to the many far better men who which [Mr. Pumblechook] had offered his hand in my new
admire you, and to the few who truly love you. Among those prosperity, saying, "May I?" and the ostentatious clemency with
few, there may be one who loves you even as dearly, though he which he had just now exhibited the same fat five fingers.
has not loved you as long as I. Take him, and I can bear it better •Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip
for your sake."
characters
acters: Mr. Pumblechook (a.k.a.
•Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip Uncle Pumblechook)
characters
acters: Estella Havisham, Miss •Related themes
Havisham, Bentley Drummle •Theme T
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themes: Parents, Justice, Generosity
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Dear Joe, I hope you will have children to love, and that some
little fellow will sit in this chimney-corner, of a winter night, who
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 49 QUOTES may remind you of another little fellow gone out of it forever.
"Believe this: when she first came to me, I meant to save her Don't tell him, Joe, that I was thankless; don't tell him, Biddy,
from misery like my own. At first I meant no more…But as she that I was ungenerous and unjust; only tell him that I honoured
grew and promised to be very beautiful, I gradually did worse, you both because you were both so good and true, and that, as
and with my praises, and with my jewels, and with my teachings, your child, I said it would be natural to him to grow up a much
and with this figure of myself always before her, a warning to better man than I did.
back and point my lessons, I stole her heart away and put ice in •Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip
its place"…[Miss Havisham] burst out again, What had she
done! •Mentioned or related char
characters
acters: Joe Gargery, Biddy
•Related themes
themes: Integrity and Reputation, Parents
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er: Miss Havisham

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3 4 Pip, the narrator of the novel, As an orphaned boy living with
explains that his full name is his sister and town blacksmith,
Philip Pirrip, but that as a Pip is established as belonging to
We owed so much to Herbert's ever cheerful industry and young child he could only a low social class. The deaths of
readiness that I often wondered how I had conceived the old pronounce his name as Pip, his parents and siblings make
idea of his inaptitude, until I was one day enlightened by the which is what everyone now clear how tough life can be for
reflection that perhaps the inaptitude had never been in him at calls him. Pip is an orphan, who that class. Even the name "Pip,"
all, but had been in me. never knew his parents or any which means spot or seed,
of his five brothers who never signifies something small. Yet a
•Speak
•Speaker
er: Pip Pirrip seed can grow, hinting that Pip
lived out of infancy. He lives
characters
acters: Herbert Pocket (a.k.a. the with his older sister, and her will develop into more than he is.
pale young gentleman) husband, Joe Gargery, the
•Related themes
themes: Ambition and Self-Improvement, Integrity town blacksmith. They live in 2 3 4
and Reputation southeast England, in "marsh
country," near the sea.
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On the dreary afternoon of Pip is terrified and alone,
2 3 Christmas Eve, 1860, Pip sits completely vulnerable. The man's
sadly in the churchyard behavior and chains mark him as
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 59 QUOTES outside town where his an escaped criminal, which
parents and siblings are begins to introduce the theme of
"…now, when suffering has been stronger than all other
buried. Suddenly a terrifying justice. Yet despite the man's
teaching, and has taught me to understand what your heart
man, dressed in rags and cruel comments, the reader can
used to be. I have been bent and broken, but – I hope – into a
shackled in a leg-iron, jumps see how desperate he is—after
better shape."
out from a hiding spot behind a all, he's dependent on Pip helping
•Speak
•Speaker
er: Estella Havisham grave and grabs Pip. When the him! Although Pip doesn't realize
characters
acters: Pip Pirrip man learns that Pip lives with that "the young man" is a fake,
Joe Gargery the blacksmith, Pip's adult narration looking back
•Related themes
themes: Ambition and Self-Improvement, Integrity on the event allows the reader to
he warns Pip that he has a
and Reputation, Justice see the truth.
friend, the young man, who will
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secret the next morning with 4 5 6
2 3 5 food and a metal file. Pip,
terrified, swears that he will,
and the man lets him go.
SUMMARY AND ANAL
ANALYSIS
YSIS
The color-coded and numbered boxes under each row of
Summary and Analysis below make it easy to track the themes
throughout the work. Each color and number corresponds to
one of the themes explained in the Themes section of this
LitChart.

BOOK 1, CHAPTER 2 Just as Pip is climbing up to The fact that Pip lip-reads "Pip"
bed, he hears the sound of for Joe's definition of a convict
When Pip returns home, his Though Mrs. Joe is Pip's blood
great guns fired. When Joe illustrates Pip's guilty conscience
uncle Joe, the blacksmith, relation and takes credit for
says that the sound signals an (Joe was probably saying "ship,"
warns Pip that Pip's sister, raising Pip, Joe is his true
escaped convict, Pip asks him referencing the Hulks). The
Mrs. Joe, has been furiously guardian, watching out for Pip's
to explain what a convict is. Joe description of the Hulks
looking for him and is carrying physical and emotional safety.
mouths back an answer but establishes the legal world's
the Tickler, a cane she uses to Mrs. Joe, by contrast, seems
the only word Pip can discern proximity to domestic life. The
beat Pip. Joe helps Pip hide more concerned by her
is "Pip." Pip then asks where prison-ships are within walking
behind the door to protect him frustration at having to be a
the firing comes from and is distance from the family living
from his sister. When Mrs. Joe parent than by Pip's actual
chastised by Mrs. Joe for room. Pip is always asking
bursts in, she immediately wellbeing.
asking questions. After questions, always wants to know
discovers Pip and throws him more—a trait that his sister
4 6 criticizing Pip's inquisitiveness
violently at Joe, who tucks a harshly shuts down. She is
at length, Mrs. Joe finally
now crying Pip safely away in uninterested in his self-
explains that the firing comes
the chimney nook. Mrs. Joe improvement.
from the Hulks, which are
proceeds to scold Pip harshly
prison-ships filled with
and reminds him that he'd be 2 5
criminals and anchored in the
dead were it not for her even
marshes. After spending a
as she assures him that she
restless night wracked with
regrets having raised him in
guilt, Pip rises at dawn to steal
the first place.
a file from Joe's forge and all
The family sits down for tea Pip's struggle with his conscience the food he can carry from
and, fearing he may not be able introduces another aspect of the Mrs. Joe's pantry, including a
to steal enough food from the justice theme as Pip tries to pork pie and some brandy.
pantry, Pip resolves to save his determine whether it is more
bread and butter for the important to abide by BOOK 1, CHAPTER 3
convict in spite of his own conventional moral code (which
hunger. Pip slips his bread prohibits stealing) or to protect Pip runs out onto the marshes Pip's perspective is warped by
down his pants-leg and spends oneself from harm. in the mist of Christmas dawn guilt. Nevertheless, likening the
the rest of the evening to meet the convict, terrified marsh cold to Pip's leg iron raises
uncomfortably trying to keep it 5 that he'll be caught and feeling questions about Pip's ties to this
in place. Sitting in silence, Pip is as if every object appearing landscape: can he escape it? Can
tormented by his conscience out of the mist is actually he rise up in the world and move
as he struggles to resolve his running towards him while he beyond it?
guilt at stealing food from his stands still. He compares the
damp cold "riveted" to his feet 2 4
sister with his fear of the
convict's threats. with the iron "riveted" to the
convict's leg.

Flustered by fear, Pip The convict's messy eating habits BOOK 1, CHAPTER 4
accidentally runs in the wrong illustrate how desperate he is for
Pip returns home from the Mrs. Joe aspires to impress her
direction and instead of food, but they also suggest he
marshes and lies about where guests by showing off the
reaching the Battery where comes from a lower class
he's been, telling Mrs. Joe that grandest part of the house,
the convict awaits him, he background by showing he lacks
he's been out listening to the presenting the family's lifestyle
stumbles across another higher class manners. Pip's sweet
Christmas morning carols. as more luxurious than it actually
convict who swears at Pip and temper in saying that he hopes
Mrs. Joe is grumpily preparing is. Though it's important to Mrs.
tries to strike him, then the convict is enjoying the food
the house for a Christmas Joe to project her own gentility,
stumbles off into the mist. Pip brings out the convict's softer
dinner party and refuses to Joe and Pip are not interested in
assumes this must be the side—generosity breeds
make Joe and Pip a hot appearing more refined than they
young man the first convict generosity.
breakfast, complaining that are and are uncomfortable in
threatened him with. Pip runs
1 2 6 she is too busy cleaning the their fancier clothes.
on and reaches the Battery,
house's state parlor for the
where he finds the convict 1 2 3
party. This room is only used
freezing and limping. He gives
once a year and is normally
the convict the food and
covered with silver paper. The
stands in polite silence while
front door—which is also never
the convict tears into it,
ordinarily used—will be
wishing the convict a pleasant
unlocked for the guests and
meal and silently observing
Pip will welcome the guests
that the convict eats like a
entering through it as if it is
ravenous dog. The convict
the family's customary
thanks Pip sincerely.
entrance. While Mrs. Joe
Pip, afraid the convict may not The reader can tell that the continues her preparations,
leave enough food to satisfy convict would probably not be Joe and Pip walk awkwardly to
the young man he thinks he offended by Pip describing his church in their punishingly stiff
just met on the marshes, shyly leg-irons outright. Pip's Sunday clothes.
suggests that the convict sensitivity about doing so shows
Pip is tormented throughout Pip continues to struggle with his
shouldn't eat it all. The convict Pip's concern for the convict's
the church service by remorse conscience as he feels guilty
dismisses him. Then, when Pip own sense of dignity.
at having stolen from the about his theft, which he calls his
insists he thought the young
3 6 pantry and contemplates "wicked secret." Yet, though Pip's
man looked hungry, the convict
confessing to the clergyman internal guilt is exacerbated by
stops eating in surprise and
during mass, although the fact the adults' criticism, the reader
asks Pip to describe the young
that it is a special Christmas can see that in fact the adults
man he saw further. Pip tries to
Day service keeps him from themselves are hypocrites:
describe that man's leg-iron
doing so. Pip and Joe return gluttonous, petty, and selfishly
without saying the word itself,
home to a house primped for picking on Pip for their own
thinking it might be offensive.
the party and receive the amusement. Throughout dinner,
He describes a bruise on the
guests: the haughty church they ironically only accuse Pip of
man's face, which sends the
clerk, Mr. Wopsle, Mr. Hubble sins (ungratefulness, viciousness)
convict into an angry rampage,
the wheelwright, Mrs. Hubble, that he is innocent of.
dropping his food and
and Joe's self-important well-
beginning to file furiously at 3 5 6
to-do Uncle Pumblechook. At
his leg-iron. Pip slips off while
the dinner table, the adults
the man keeps filing.
frequently accuse Pip of
ingratitude and other moral
shortcomings. Inspired by the
pork they are eating, Mr.
Wopsle delivers an absurd
lecture on pigs, warning Pip to
be grateful that he isn't one.

Throughout the meal, Pip is Pip feels guilty despite the fact Mr. Wopsle, Joe, and Pip Personal definitions of justice
terrified that his pantry theft that none of the adults are follow the soldiers out into the clash with the law's definition of
will be discovered. When Mrs. suspicious, illustrating the wet, cold, misty marshes while justice. Each convict is convinced
Joe offers Uncle strength of his conscience. Pip, confessing to Joe that he of his moral superiority and of
Pumblechook brandy (from Dickens conveys Pip's childhood hopes the convicts aren't the other's guilt—yet the
the bottle Pip diluted with perspective but also allows the found, wonders anxiously sergeant, speaking for the law,
water after taking some for reader to see that Pip's fears are whether the convict will blame ignores the convicts'
the convict), Pip is sure he's out of proportion—for Pip, the him for leading the soldiers' explanations and treats both
doomed. Uncle Pumblechook soldier seems to be extending the chase. Hearing shouts, the men the same.
spits out the brandy in cuffs to arrest Pip for his theft. group runs in the direction of
disgust—Pip accidentally The reader knows the soldier is the sound and comes upon two 5
diluted the brandy with tar only fooling around and, even did convicts (the one Pip helped
water rather than regular he know Pip had robbed the and the one he ran into
water. No one suspects that pantry, would certainly not arrest accidentally) wrestling
Pip is responsible. Still, when him. violently in a ditch. The one Pip
Mrs. Joe announces she is helped is shouting "Guard!
going to serve a pork pie from 3 5 6 This way for runaway
the pantry (the very pie Pip has convicts!" and is intent on
stolen to feed the convict), Pip convincing the soldiers that he
can stand his guilt no longer has turned the other convict
and leaps up with a yelp from in. He explains that, though he
his chair, running towards the could have escaped on his own,
door to escape. There he he would rather give up his
bumps right into a party of own chance at escape than see
soldiers in the doorway, who the other convict get free. The
hold out a pair of handcuffs to other convict, meanwhile,
Pip. insists that Pip's convict has
just attempted to murder him.
BOOK 1, CHAPTER 5 The sergeant dismisses both
convicts' claims and treats
The soldiers' sergeant Matters of justice serve as them equally, marching the
announces that they are on the entertainment for the non- two convicts back towards the
hunt for two escaped convicts criminal populace, who are prison ships.
and have come to the forge to enjoyably titillated by the
see if Joe can repair the lock prospect of a spectacle and the
on their handcuffs. While Joe thrill of a vicarious threat. Pip
repairs the cuffs, the soldiers notes the perverse irony that one
mill about the house, to man's misery (the convict's) can
everyone's excitement. be another's pleasure.
Everybody drinks together in
good cheer. Pip observes that 5
his convict has improved the
party as everyone is
entertained by anticipation of
the convict chase. When the
cuffs are repaired, Mr. Wopsle
and Joe decide to follow the
soldiers' for the fun of the
chase. Joe brings Pip on his
shoulders.

Before they begin marching, Again, personal morality clashes BOOK 1, CHAPTER 6
Pip's convict notices Pip and with legal justice: the convict
On the way back to the forge Pip chooses to protect his
Pip, shaking his head to try to generously confesses to having
with Joe and Mr. Wopsle, Pip reputation with Joe rather than
convey his own innocence, is committed theft on his own in
is relieved that the convict has to honor his personal integrity
struck by the intensity of the order to save Pip from
taken the blame for his theft and come clean. The choice
convict's glance. Yet the punishment. Joe speaks kindly to
and does not confess the truth between protecting reputation
convict does not openly the convict, treating the man as a
to Joe. The adult Pip, narrating and honoring integrity is a major
acknowledge Pip. After a long human being with rights (The
the story, speculates that he theme in the novel and will recur
march, the group reaches a sergeant and soldiers, by
didn't confess to Joe because frequently. In choosing
guard hut by the water and the contrast, show no such
he was afraid Joe would think reputation, Pip sets a precedent
other convict is rowed back generosity and talk to the
less of him. Pip notes that he for his character that will
out to the Hulks. While the convicts as if they are animals.)
"was too cowardly to do what I continue to shape his
sergeant files a report on the Although Pip cannot identify the
knew to be right, as I had been development.
capture, Pip's convict clicking sound from the convict's
too cowardly to avoid what I
spontaneously confesses to throat, the reader can guess that 3 4 5 6
knew to be wrong" when he
the group that he has stolen this noise is most likely the sound
had originally stole the food
some food from the of the convict on the verge of
and file. Back at the forge, Mr.
blacksmith. Everyone is tears.
Wopsle and Uncle
astonished and Joe
5 6 Pumblechook bicker about the
sympathetically tells the
most likely way the convict
convict he was more than
could have broken into Mrs.
welcome to the food. Pip hears
Joe's pantry. Pip, exhausted,
a click in the convict's throat (a
falls swiftly asleep, but as
sound he first noticed the
narrator he notes that his
convict make back in the
conflicted state of mind
graveyard). Then, Pip's convict
persisted for a long time.
is lead out to a small boat and
rowed back to the prison ship.

BOOK 1, CHAPTER 7 Pip asks Joe whether Joe went Joe's story confirms his lower
to school and Joe says he class background and provides
The narrative jumps ahead in Pip attends one of Victorian
didn't and begins to tell Pip further evidence of Joe's
time. Pip is a few years older England's working class schools:
about his own childhood. Joe immense kindness, refusing to
and has begun attending a low- cheap, understaffed, and
explains that he was born to an hate his father even when his
tuition evening school in the overcrowded. Joe's illiteracy is
abusive father who drank too father was so obviously cruel and
village incompetently run by evidence of his lower class
much and beat Joe and his abusive to Joe. Although Joe
Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt (who background and consequently
mother. Joe went to work as a lacks formal education, Pip can
dozes instead of teaching) and limited access to education. Yet
blacksmith when very young in see how tremendously superior
ineptly monitored by Mr. Joe's touching insistence that he
order to support himself and Joe is in matters of the heart. He
Wopsle (who makes the can read despite all evidence to
his parents. Even in recounting is moved to tears by admiration
students watch him perform the contrary shows both how
his father's violence, Joe still for Joe's generosity and kindness.
orations rather than testing important reading is as a mark of
defends his father and claims
their progress). Pip struggles personal worth (Joe does not 1 2 3 5 6
that the man was good at
to learn and finally starts to want to identify himself as
heart. After his parents died,
read and write with the help of illiterate) and how eager Joe is to
Joe explains, he lived a lonely
Biddy, an orphan who is the please Pip (Joe wants to make
life at the forge until he met
live-in granddaughter of Mr. Pip feel he fully appreciates Pip's
Mrs. Joe and heard she was
Wopsle's great-aunt. At home new literacy).
raising baby Pip by hand. Joe
one night, Pip proudly writes a
1 2 3 praises Mrs. Joe in spite of her
rudimentary letter to Joe on
bossy rampages (Pip silently
his slate. Joe is in awe,
doubts she deserves Joe's
complimenting Pip on his
praise) and tells Pip that, after
intelligence. When Pip asks
meeting her, he invited Mrs.
Joe to read the letter, he
Joe into his home because she
realizes that Joe cannot read,
reminded him so much of his
that the only letters he
own mother and because he
recognizes are J and O. Yet Joe
wanted to help Pip. He tells Pip
insists that, even though he
he wishes Pip never had to be
can't spell his own surname, he
punished with the Tickler, and
can read and enjoys reading
Pip is moved to tears, knowing
recreationally. from then on, "I was looking up
to Joe in my heart."

Mrs. Joe and Uncle Mrs. Joe and Uncle Pumblechook BOOK 1, CHAPTER 8
Pumblechook burst in after a are excited because Miss
At Uncle Pumblechook's Dickens presents a comical
day at the market and excitedly Havisham is in the upper class
house in town, Pip notes that portrait of middle class
explain that Pip has been and they, being lower middle
all the town's merchants and merchants and craftsmen more
asked to play at the house of class, hope that an association
craftsmen seem to spend more interested in busy-bodying than
Miss Havisham, Uncle with her through Pip will raise
time watching one another they are in working. Uncle
Pumblechook's rich landlady their statuses around town. They
from their shop windows and Pumblechook obviously does not
who lives in seclusion uptown. also assume that, because Miss
doors than they do working in know how to interact with
She has been looking for a little Havisham is rich, associating
their shops. Uncle children—still, his relentless
boy to play at her house and with her will somehow result in
Pumblechook gives Pip a arithmetic quizzes attest to the
Uncle Pumblechook has financial gain for Pip, and
meager breakfast (though he importance he, a businessman,
recommended Pip. Mrs. Joe therefore them too.
himself eats lavishly) and places on practical education.
explains heatedly to a
1 2 4 aggressively quizzes Pip on Miss Havisham is from the upper
confused Joe and Pip that
arithmetic instead of engaging class and her family was in the
going to play at Miss
in conversation. He walks Pip brewery business—prior to the
Havisham's will make Pip's
to the gate of Miss Havisham's Industrial Revolution, these two
fortune. She rushes to clean
house, a large brick house with facts would have been
Pip and dress him in his best
some of its windows boarded incompatible. In the past, the
clothes to spend the night with
up. In front of the house is a upper class did not practice
Uncle Pumblechook in town
courtyard and, to the side, a practical trades. That the girl
before going to Miss
brewery. When Uncle laughs at the name Satis shows
Havisham's the next morning.
Pumblechook rings the bell, a the name has become ironic— it
Pip leaves Joe and the forge
young lady comes out and is certainly no longer "enough," if
for the first time.
turns him away (although it ever was.
Uncle Pumblechook hints he'd
like to enter), leading Pip in 1 2
alone. She explains that the
brewery is out of use and that
the name of the house is Satis,
which means "Enough," and
which must have meant the
house would satisfy all it's
owners desires—an idea she
finds ridiculous. She leads Pip
into the dark house and leaves
him upstairs in front of a
closed door.

Pip knocks and enters a room Pip's attempts to be polite After they finish playing cards, Estella lays Pip's food on the
lit only by candlelight. Miss (including using the word Miss Havisham tells Pip to floor as if he were a dog Ð an
Havisham, an old woman in a "melancholy" rather than return in six days and sends implicit insult. Although Pip is
yellowed wedding gown, sits at "frightening" to describe Miss the children away for a snack. able to recognize Mrs. Joe's
a dressing table amidst half- Havisham's room) attest to good, Pip feels dazed and humiliated injustice, he is unable to
packed trunks. She reminds sensitive manners that should by what just transpired. Back recognize Estella's. Instead, he
Pip of a waxwork or a skeleton. contradict Estella's complaints downstairs, Estella lays Pip's takes Estella's cruel insults as
She beckons to Pip and asks that Pip is coarse. Estella, food in front of him on the facts—accepting that those of
him whether he is afraid of "a though, responds only to Pip's ground and looks delighted by the higher class know better and
woman who has never seen physical appearance and social Pip's distress. As soon as she are worth more—and blames
the sun since you were born?" status, not to his personality. leaves, Pip sobs bitterly, which, their painfulness on his own
Pip, trying to be polite, tells her Estella's name means as narrator, he attributes to a sensitivity no on their cruelty and
he isn't. She then tells Pip that "star"—and, indeed, she will be sensitivity of character caused falseness.
her heart is broken, that she Pip's guiding light for many years by Mrs. Joe's harshness. He
wants diversion, and to come. explains the crucial importance 1 4 5
commands Pip to play. Pip, of justice to children and the
apologizing, tells her hesitantly 1 2 3 constant injustice of his own
he can't play in an environment childhood (owing to Mrs. Joe).
so "new," "strange," "fine" and After crying, Pip wanders
"melancholy." Miss Havisham around the ruined brewery-
has Pip call for "Estella" and yard and sees a terrifying
the young girl who led Pip in vision of Miss Havisham
appears. In response to Miss hanging by her neck from a
Havisham's suggestion that beam. When Estella
they play cards, Estella approaches to let Pip out, she
complains that Pip is a smugly informs Pip that she
"common labouring-boy" and saw him crying. Pip walks back
continues to insult his to the forge, turning Estella's
appearance and manner insults over and over in his
throughout the game. Miss head.
Havisham asks Pip what he
thinks of Estella and he tells
her he finds her "proud,"
"pretty," and "insulting." Miss
Havisham broods and watches.

BOOK 1, CHAPTER 9 Later, Pip confesses privately Joe takes the term "uncommon"
to Joe that the story was a lie. to mean "extraordinary" or
Upon returning home, Pip is Note the difference between this
Joe is aghast and asks Pip what "unusual," rather than "upper
barraged with questions about dishonesty and that of not
possessed him. Pip tells Joe class." This misunderstanding is
Miss Havisham by Mrs. Joe coming clean to Joe about the
the truth about the day, evidence of Joe's own
and Uncle Pumblechook, who pantry theft. Here, Pip lies out of
including Estella's insults and priorities—he isn't focused on
has ridden over for tea. Yet, compassion, to protect
his shame at being "common." differences in class and social
because he himself has such a someone's dignity rather than to
Joe replies that lies are lies, no status. Instead, Joe concentrates
fear of being misunderstood, preserve his own false
matter the motivation for on individual self-worth,
he feels fearful of Miss reputation. The fact that Mrs.
them, and that "if you can't get emphasizing hard work and
Havisham being Joe and Uncle Pumblechook
to be oncommon through personal morality. Still, it is
misunderstood as well and believe Pip's lies show how little
going straight, you'll never get difficult for Pip to share Joe's
refuses to answer any exposure to upper class they
to do it through going value system, preoccupied as he
questions about her, even as have—they believe it really could
crooked." He then reminds Pip has become by Estella's opinions.
Mrs. Joe and Uncle be as alien and sensational as
that Pip is already uncommon This day is formative because it
Pumblechook bully him for Pip's description.
in stature and in letters. When has instilled Pip with the
information. Finally, he begins ambition to be "uncommon" and
1 3 Pip remains discouraged, Joe
to answer their questions with has taught Pip to judge himself
reminds Pip that everyone
sensational lies, which Mrs. according to Estella's superficial
must be common before they
Joe and Uncle Pumblechook standards —Pip will live by these
can develop uncommon skills.
believe. They marvel at Pip's new principles for a long time.
He resolves not to reveal the
account in awe and relate
truth to Mrs. Joe for fear of
them to Joe, who is equally 1 2 3 4 5
upsetting her, promises Pip he
accepting and amazed. Pip
isn't angry at him, and advises
starts to feel guilty for
Pip to pray for his lies. Yet
deceiving Joe (though not for
when Pip gets in bed, all he can
deceiving his aunt or Uncle
think about is how common
Pumblechook). Mrs. Joe and
Estella would find Joe, Mrs.
Uncle Pumblechook giddily
Joe, and his home. The adult
speculate on what Miss
Pip narrator notes that this
Havisham might do for Pip.
day was the first link in a long
chain that determined his life's
later course.
BOOK 1, CHAPTER 10
Determined to be Pip sees education as a means to
"uncommon," Pip decides a few self-improvement, a way to rise
days later to achieve his goal in class. This notion of class
by becoming educated and mobility is a legacy of the new
asks Biddy to teach him all she social system created by the
knows. Biddy agrees. Still, Pip Industrial Revolution. Previously,
struggles amidst the hectic the class system was entirely
squalor at the evening school, determined by birth. Though
where resources are scarce Pip's experience at school
(the whole class shares a single indicates just how poor Victorian
textbook), the teacher is England's working class schools
disengaged, and students are were.
combative.
1 2

After school, Pip goes to meet That the stranger shows Pip a BOOK 1, CHAPTER 11
Joe at the village public house, metal file and then gives him
Pip returns to Miss Pip is surrounded by fraudulence
the Three Jolly Bargeman. He money suggests that the stranger
Havisham's the next week and and self-deception, from the
finds Joe with Mr. Wopsle and has been sent by the convict
is told by Estella to wait in a hypocritical adults in the sitting
a stranger. The stranger is himself, perhaps to give Pip the
gloomy sitting room where room to Estella's bait-and-switch
"secret-looking" and looks money in thanks for helping him.
Miss Havisham's relatives routine on the stairs, from the
hard at Pip, nodding. He Pip is now aware of a class
Camilla, Sarah Pocket, presumptuous stranger who tells
eagerly asks about Pip and system he was ignorant of when
Georgiana, and Raymond are obedient Pip (rather than the
stirs his drink with a metal file he first met the convict on the
talking. From listening to misbehaving Estella) to behave,
that only Pip can see. Pip marshes. He knows that convicts
snippets of their talk, Pip can to the rotting wedding table that
realizes in shock that the belong to the lowest class and
tell "they were all toadies and perverts an image of new life (a
stranger must be connected to fears association with them
humbugs." Estella returns and marriage celebration) to a grim
the convict he helped years might tarnish his own social
leads Pip to Miss Havisham, image of death (a funeral).
ago. In parting, the stranger status.
stopping along the way to ask
gives Pip a shilling wrapped in 3
1 5 6 him whether he still finds her
paper which, back at home,
pretty and insulting. When Pip
Mrs. Joe sees is two pound
replies that she seems less
notes. Joe runs back to return
insulting, she slaps and berates
the money but the man is gone.
him. Pip tells her he'll never cry
Pip worries that it is common
for her again, a claim the adult
to associate with convicts and
narrator states was false. On
has nightmares about the
the stairs, they run into a dark,
metal file.
sharp-eyed man who tells Pip
to behave himself. Upstairs,
Pip helps Miss Havisham walk
laps around the dining room
table which is covered in a
cobwebbed, moldy wedding
feast, decayed beyond
recognition. She tells Pip that
this is the table she'll be laid
out on when she dies.

Miss Havisham has Pip call for Miss Havisham's relatives are BOOK 1, CHAPTER 12
Estella who comes with acting as if they have a generous
During the next week, Pip is Pip is confused both about what
Camilla, Sarah Pocket, concern for her, but that Miss
anxious that he will be constitutes a crime and who
Georgiana, and Raymond Havisham knows is insincere.
punished for hurting the pale executes justice, worried that
following behind her. These Her relative's efforts to endear
young gentleman in their fight, winning a consensual sports
four try to engage Miss themselves to Miss Havisham
and suspects that either the match may be criminal and
Havisham in conversation as and competitiveness for her
law will come down on him or unsure of whether justice should
she and Pip walk: Camilla affection suggest they are
Miss Havisham herself will be carried out by the impartial
professes to be sick with worry motivated by personal gain. They
seek revenge. But when he state or by individuals seeking
about Miss Havisham, while probably hope Miss Havisham
returns to Miss Havisham's he revenge.
Sarah Pocket attempts to will leave them her fortune after
is surprised to discover that he
expose Camilla as a fraud. she dies. 5
faces no punishment
They both lament Matthew
6 whatsoever, that the fight goes
Pocket's thoughtless absence.
entirely unacknowledged.
After they leave, Miss
Havisham tells Pip that it is her That day at Miss Havisham's, Biddy can see that Miss
birthday, and that these four Pip agrees to return every Havisham's behavior is
visit her each year on that day other day to walk her or wheel disturbing in ways that Pip, at
though they are always afraid her in a chair. This continues the time, is not fully aware of.
to mention the occasion for eight to ten months. During Again, the reality of Pip's
outright. this time, Miss Havisham experience with Miss Havisham
continues to point out Estella's contrasts starkly with Mrs. Joe
Pip and Estella play cards and Although Pip initially calls the
beauty to Pip, whispering and Uncle Pumblechook's
Miss Havisham points out boy a "gentleman" because of his
fondly to Estella, "Break their fantasies of it. Miss Havisham
Estella's beauty. Pip wanders appearance and his eagerness to
hearts!" Pip tells no one about does not seem to have any grand
out onto the grounds and finds box (a genteel sport), the boy
his experiences at Miss plans for Pip—she simply expects
"a pale young gentleman" in proves he is noble in spirit, not
Havisham's except for Biddy, that he will become an
the ruined greenhouse. He just breeding, when he shows
who expresses concern that, at apprentice and then a
challenges Pip to a fight and good sportsmanship and
the time, he did not tradesmen, the typical life
Pip reluctantly agrees, generosity towards the victor.
understand. Meanwhile, Mrs. trajectory for Pip's class.
assuming he'll lose. He is Estella has clearly been excitedly
Joe and Uncle Pumblechook Indentures are the legal
astonished to discover that he spying on the fight (which
enjoy imagining Miss contracts binding an
is a much stronger fighter than explains her flush) and allows Pip
Havisham's future patronage apprenticeship.
the pale young gentleman, who to kiss her because his win
elevates her opinion of him. of Pip. One day, Miss
falls again and again but 1 4 6
Havisham tells Pip it's time he
remains in good spirits,
1 2 3 6 was apprenticed to Joe and
cheerfully announcing that Pip
asks Pip to bring Joe with Pip's
has won. When Pip meets
indentures. Back at the forge,
Estella outside, she's flushed
the news that Miss Havisham
and tells Pip he may kiss her on
has asked to see Joe (and not
the cheek, a permission Pip
her) inspires Mrs. Joe's jealous
can't help feeling unsatisfied
fury.
by.

BOOK 1, CHAPTER 13 Uncle Pumblechook, Joe, and Though Uncle Pumblechook
Mrs. Joe hurry Pip to the Town should be a nurturing guardian to
Next day, Joe and Pip set off Though much of Joe's
Hall to be officially bound as Pip, he treats Pip so roughly that
for Miss Havisham's. Mrs. Joe awkwardness must owe to the
Joe's apprentice, a procedure strangers think he must be
has insisted on walking to shock of seeing Miss Havisham's
that must take place in front of handling a criminal. Pip's likening
town with them in all her finest living conditions, part of it may
a judge. Uncle Pumblechook of the court pews to church pews
to visit Uncle Pumblechook. owe to his inexperience
pushes Pip around the Hall so implicitly empowers legal justice
Upon being escorted into Miss interacting with the upper class.
quickly that other people in by linking it to divine justice.
Havisham's, Joe is speechless A premium is a sum of money
court think that Pip must have
with discomfort and can only that many craftsmen required 4 5
committed a crime. Pip notes
respond to Miss Havisham's from new apprentices as
the strange interior of the Hall
questions indirectly by payment for being taken on as an
and compares the pews with
addressing his answers to Pip. apprentice. Though Pip has
church pews.
Pip is mortified by Joe's certainly earned his twenty-five
awkwardness and uneducated guineas at Miss Havisham's, she Giddy with delight at the Pip's own goals and standards
speech. Miss Havisham asks is still generous to offer it even twenty-five guineas, Mrs. Joe have changed. He can no longer
Joe whether he expects a when Joe doesn't ask for one. insists that they celebrate it be satisfied by what made him
premium for Pip's with a dinner at the Blue Boar, happy in the days before he met
apprenticeship and, when Joe 1 6 inviting Uncle Pumblechook, Miss Havisham and Estella,
tells Pip he doesn't, she hands Mr. and Mrs. Hubble, and Mr. before he decided that he
Pip twenty-five guineas that Wopsle to join them. The wanted to be "uncommon."
she says is the premium Pip dinner is high-spirited and
has earned at her house. She everyone is rowdy and happy 2
then dismisses them, telling except for Pip, who feels
Pip he need not return to her deeply melancholy even as the
now that he is Joe's adults keep prodding him to
apprentice. enjoy himself. Inside, Pip feels
"wretched" at the prospect of
Pip and Joe leave Miss Joe's white lie restores Mrs. Joe's
entering Joe's trade, thinking "I
Havisham's and walk to Uncle sense of her reputation. It is
had liked it once, but once was
Pumblechook's where Mrs. generous of him to tell it,
not now."
Joe has been waiting for them especially considering how
in a sulk, still deeply hurt that rattled he must be by his ordeal
she was not asked to visit. Joe at Satis House.
lies to Mrs. Joe telling her that
Miss Havisham sent her 3 6
compliments to Mrs. Joe and
only didn't invite her on the
visit due to Miss Havisham's
poor health. Mrs. Joe is greatly
cheered up by this news, which
she trusts as the truth. Joe
makes a grand show of
handing the premium Miss
Havisham gave him to Mrs.
Joe.

BOOK 1, CHAPTER 14 During one of these lessons, Though Victorian England enjoys
Pip proposes to Joe that he more class mobility than prior
Pip is miserable in his Pip remains dissatisfied with
pay a visit to Miss Havisham. eras, inter-class socialization was
apprenticeship to Joe, what used to please him. Yet
Joe is skeptical, thinking that still rare, which explains Joe's
internally tormented by the Pip's ambitions are driven
Miss Havisham would assume skepticism.
"commonness" of his home, entirely by Estella's opinion—he
Pip wanted something. When
Joe's forge, and of the does not want to do or be 1 2 3 6
Pip suggests that he might visit
blacksmith's trade, though he anything in particular, he simply
her to thank her, Joe is
conceals his despair from Joe. wants Estella to think highly of
concerned that Pip would not
All of the places and activities him. His fantasy of running away
be able to make anything in the
that had delighted him before to be a sailor or a soldier would
blacksmith forge that would be
meeting Estella now not necessarily elevate his social
worthy of Miss Havisham.
disappoint him because he status or make him
Eventually, Joe says that he
knows she would consider "uncommon"—they would simply
supports the visit if Pip wants
them coarse and common. Pip give him a feeling of escape, of
to do it and agrees to grant Pip
describes himself as "restless distance between himself and
a half-holiday the next day to
aspiring discontented me." He the "common" life he loathes.
go on his visit. He warns Pip,
walks the marshes in dejection,
1 2 4 though, to be sure not to visit
feeling his low spirits aligned
again if he is not received with
with the flat, low marsh
cordiality the next day.
landscape. Only Joe's kindness
and cheer restrains Pip from The next day at the forge, Joe's Mrs. Joe's greedy ambitions don't
running away from the forge dour, lazy, hostile journeyman match up with Joe's sense of
and becoming a soldier or Orlick (who lies to the village fairness. Though Joe is usually
sailor. and tells them his Christian the forge's peacekeeper, his
name is "Dolge") hears about personal integrity requires him to
Pip's half-holiday and angrily defend his wife against Orlick's
BOOK 1, CHAPTER 15
demands one for himself. insults.
Pip is getting too big for the Pip remains steadfast to the idea When Joe assents, Mrs. Joe
village evening school and that education is self- (who has been spying on their 2 3
must stop going, reluctantly improvement. His eagerness to conversation from the yard)
concluding his formal educate Joe is not motivated by protests that Joe is wasting
education. Pip, though, is still generosity but by a selfish wages. Orlick insults Mrs. Joe,
hungry to learn and studies fixation on reputation and a fear calling her a "foul shrew" and,
independently. Meanwhile, he that Joe's "commonness" though Joe tells Orlick to leave
tries to share his education tarnishes Pip's own image by her alone, the insults between
with Joe by giving him lessons association. them escalate and Joe and
on the marsh each Sunday, Orlick fight. Joe is stronger
though Pip is discouraged that 1 2 3 6
than Orlick and quickly
Joe never seems to remember triumphs. Later, Pip finds them
lessons from one Sunday to peacefully sharing beer and
the next. Pip admits that these cleaning up the forge together.
lessons are not purely
generous. Rather, he hopes to
educate Joe so that Joe "might
be worthier of my society and
less vulnerable to Estella's
reproach."

Pip anxiously walks to town to Like Joe, Sarah Pocket and Miss On the misty walk back to the Mist continues to symbolize a
visit Miss Havisham and is Havisham are also initially village late that night, Mr. lack of clarity and knowledge
lead upstairs by Sarah Pocket, confused by Pip's desire to pay a Wopsle and Pip discover —Pip does not realize he is
who is suspicious of his friendly visit and assume Pip is Orlick under the turnpike walking towards a tragedy that
presence. Upon seeing Pip, trying to get more money from house. He says he has spent will change life at the forge
Miss Havisham immediately her. Yet, when she is convinced his half-holiday in town and forever. Orlick's behavior can be
informs Pip that she will not he isn't asking for money, Miss notes that the guns have been considered suspicious. Does he
give him anything, but softens Havisham's attitude towards Pip going off at the Hulks, mention the escaped convicts to
when Pip assures her that becomes parental, offering to be signaling escaped convicts. He blame them for a crime he
there is no ulterior motive to an enduring presence in Pip's life walks with Pip and Mr. Wopsle committed himself?
his visit and she tells him he (albeit only once a year). and, as the three pass the
can visit her on his birthdays. Three Jolly Bargemen, a riled 5
Miss Havisham then intuits 1 up crowd informs Mr. Wopsle
that Pip has come to see that people (the crowd
Estella and informs Pip that suspects convicts) have broken
Estella has gone abroad to into the forge while Joe was
study. She asks Pip, with "a out. Upon returning home, the
malignant enjoyment," if he group find the forge swarmed
feels he has lost her, then with villagers. Joe and a
dismisses a flustered Pip. surgeon are on the kitchen
floor beside Mrs. Joe who has
In town, Pip runs into Mr. The play charts the downfall of a
been knocked out by a strong
Wopsle who is on his way to young apprentice who eventually
blow to the back of her head.
Uncle Pumblechook's for a murders his uncle. Pip, a young
reading of the Tragedy of boy who will soon be apprenticed
George Barnwell and convinces to his uncle, may feel the action
Pip to come. The three read of the play strike too close to
the tragedy with Pip reading home.
the role of Barnwell. Mr.
Wopsle and Uncle 2 5
Pumblechook chastise Pip as if
the character's grizzly
acts—including murdering his
uncle—are Pip's own.

BOOK 1, CHAPTER 16 Mrs. Joe sustains severe brain Mrs. Joe may not have been the
damage. She trembles and is best parent to Pip, but Pip misses
That night, Pip is convinced he Though Pip's conscience is
unable to speak. She no longer her old self all the same. Mrs.
himself must have had strong, his desire to protect his
has a temper and is calmly Joe's eagerness to see and please
something to do with the crime reputation is stronger and he
patient as those around her try Orlick could be explained as a
against Mrs. Joe, and that he is again chooses not to tell Joe the
to communicate with her by wish to apologize for having
the most likely suspect (a guilt truth about the convicts. This
slate. Joe is heartbroken. treated him unjustly in the past.
he attributes as narrator to second choice is arguably even
Biddy moves into the house to Still, it is mysterious...
having just read the Barnwell more immoral as Pip's theory
take care of Mrs. Joe and is
play). Yet afterwards, thinking about the leg-iron found by Mrs. 4 5
able to interpret a sign that
with a clearer head, Pip notices Joe could be important evidence
Mrs. Joe has written over and
that whoever struck Mrs. Joe in the case. The police—the
over on her slate to Pip and
did not steal anything, instead enforcers of legal justice—are
Joe's confusion: she asks for
just blowing out the candle and comically ineffectual. The leg-
Orlick. Orlick is fetched and
striking her, leaving a convict's iron has been a symbol of justice,
slouches over to a delighted
filed-off leg-iron beside her. but here it is a symbol of an
Mrs. Joe, who seeks to please
The leg-iron does not belong attempt to circumvent
him with "an air of humble
to either of the recently justice—as Pip's observations
propitiation." Pip is
escaped convicts and Joe indicate (even if Pip doesn't
disappointed that his sister
observes that it was filed open realize it himself) that the leg-
does not denounce Orlick.
a long time ago. Pip believes iron has clearly been planted to
Thereafter, Mrs. Joe asks for
either Orlick or the convict throw off the police.
Orlick to come to her daily, a
with the file placed the iron in
5 wish he confusedly obliges.
the kitchen—but Orlick was
seen in town all night and the
stranger would have had no BOOK 1, CHAPTER 17
motive. He knows he should Pip persists in the same Biddy is growing up, beginning to
confess the whole story to Joe routines, varied only by a present herself as a responsible
but makes excuses to himself birthday visit to Miss adult rather than a neglected
to get out of it. The police Havisham's where she gives orphan. She is innately intelligent
make a few (wrong) him a guinea he spends on and keenly observant, traits
accusations but spend most of books to study. But Pip sees which enable her to soak up
their time drinking and do not Biddy changing: she is cleaner knowledge without deliberate
solve the case. and neater, noticeably pretty. study. Yet Biddy doesn't place as
One evening, while Pip sits much value on education as Pip
studying, Pip realizes that does—when he praises her
Biddy has learned everything learning, she immediately
that Pip has from books and redirects the conversation to
the forge without ever memories of their friendship,
studying. He asks her how focusing on human relationships
she's learned and she says she rather than on individual
"must catch it—like a cough." knowledge.
Pip is impressed and praises
Biddy's making "the most of 2
every chance." Biddy begins to
cry, asking Pip to remember
their first lessons together. Pip
is moved and, wanting to
express his gratitude and trust,
invites Biddy on a weekend
walk on the marshes.

On their walk, Pip confesses to Like Joe, Biddy is content with As they are walking, Orlick Pip is instinctively protective of
Biddy his dissatisfaction with her station in life and does not appears out of nowhere and Biddy and doesn't want Orlick to
the blacksmith trade and his strive to rise above her class. tries to walk them home but court her, even though Pip is
wish to be a gentleman to Neither does she romanticize Biddy whispers to Pip not to unsure whether he wants to
disprove Estella's disdain for members of the upper class: she let him, saying she doesn't like court her himself. He continues
his commonness. At the same can see Estella's cruel pettiness him. Pip and Biddy walk alone to waver in and out of ambition.
time, he admits he would have for what it is and isn't distracted with Orlick following at a
been happier if he could be as by Estella's beauty or elegance. distance and Biddy confesses 2
content with the forge as he Yet, even though a part of Pip to Pip that she is afraid Orlick
was in childhood. Biddy is agrees with Biddy, he is likes her. Pip is hot with anger
skeptical about Pip's ambitions overwhelmed by his own and from that day on tries to
and calls them "a pity." She is ambition and dissatisfaction obstruct Orlick's advances on
disturbed by Estella's insults with a blacksmith's life. Pip Biddy. Pip himself goes back
and tells Pip they are rude and cannot shake his infatuation with and forth between believing
untrue, asking him, "Do you Estella. Biddy and forge life are
want to be a gentleman to superior to Estella, then
spite her or to gain her over?" 1 2 3 remembering the Havisham
If the former, Biddy says, spite days and growing dissatisfied
would be better expressed by and ambitious again.
ignoring her insults, and, if the
latter, Estella isn't worth BOOK 1, CHAPTER 18
gaining over. Pip agrees but
knows, to his chagrin, that he It is now four years into Pip's The stranger quashes the
will not be able to follow apprenticeship. Pip and Joe villagers' merriment, scolding
Biddy's wise advice. are gathered with a group at them for treating matters of
the Three Jolly Bargeman justice as sensational
Pip cries and Biddy comforts Biddy is perceptive and speaks listening to Mr. Wopsle entertainment. He forces the
him and tells him she is glad the truth, even when it is perform a newspaper account party to take sober responsibility
that Pip feels he can confide on unpleasant. She sees Pip's class of a recent murder as if it were for their own role in the legal
her, that he always can. Pip ambitions and concern for a play, impersonating voices of justice system by mentioning the
hugs her and says he will reputation and understands that the people involved. A stranger jury, and shames them for
always tell her everything. "Till they will lead him to abandon his overhearing them interrupts treating that role lightly.
you're a gentleman," says life at the forge and the Mr. Wopsle and criticizes him
Biddy. They walk on and Pip, relationships associated with it. for assuming that the verdict is 5
thinking how miserable he Ôguilty' before witnesses have
would be if he were walking 1 3
been cross-examined and
with Estella, tells Biddy he before the prisoner has given
wishes he could get himself to his defense. "...do you not know
fall in love with her. "But you that the law of England
never will, you see," says Biddy. supposes every man to be
innocent, until he is
proved—proved—to be guilty?"
the man asks, condescendingly.
He asks the party to imagine
the effects of Mr. Wopsle's
presumptuousness on a jury.
Mr. Wopsle is cowed into
silence and the group looks
down on him.

The stranger requests a Pip's dreams have come true—his Joe and Pip return to the forge Pip misinterprets the sadness in
private conference with Joe anonymous, generous patron has separately. Pip breaks a tense Joe and Biddy's congratulations,
and Pip, who, bewildered, rescued him from the "common" silence to tell Biddy the news. not understanding that it is their
follow the man into a parlor. life he has resented for so long Biddy and Joe congratulate Pip love for him (not their jealousy of
Pip recognizes the stranger as and launched him towards though Pip thinks "there was a him) that makes them sad. Pip's
the man he met on the stairs at gentility. Yet the stipulation that certain touch of sadness in sudden change in fortune has
Miss Havisham's. The stranger Pip keep his name implies that their congratulations that I transformed him instantly into a
introduces himself as Mr. his patron wishes Pip to keep the rather resented." As Biddy and snob, describing their village
Jaggers, a London lawyer, and integrity of his identity intact (an Joe relax, Pip grows "gloomy." friends with the very words that
explains that an anonymous implication that Pip, at the time, Looking back, he wonders if he stung him so painfully from
person has arranged for Pip to doesn't realize). Joe is appalled was unconsciously "dissatisfied Estella's mouth ("coarse" and
come into a large amount of by Mr. Jaggers' suggestion that with myself." Pip suggests that "common.") Biddy, as usual, sees
money (great expectations) he could be financially he might conceal his new right through Pip, checking his
and has meanwhile provided a compensated for losing Pip clothes from their village snobbery.
smaller sum of money to because, in spite of the fact that friends, like Mr. Wopsle and
release Pip from his Pip is Joe's apprentice, Joe's Mr. and Mrs. Hubble, who 1 2 3
apprenticeship and train him relationship towards Pip is "would make...such a coarse
to be a gentleman. The only parental, measured in love not in and common business." Biddy
condition is that Pip never money. asks Pip whether he will
change his name. Pip is ecstatic conceal the clothes from the
and secretly suspects his 1 2 3 4 6 forge as well and Pip, resenting
patron is Miss Havisham. Joe is her suggestion, tells her he
supportive and appalled by Mr. won't.
Jaggers' suggestion that Joe
Pip goes to bed and surveys Pip's ambition leads him to see
could be financially
his "mean little room" that he even his bedroom as something
compensated for losing Pip.
will soon be "raised above." He he will rise "above." Again, Pip
Mr. Jaggers suggests Matthew
feels simultaneously excited misunderstands Joe and Biddy
Pocket as a tutor for Pip and
for the future and nostalgic for and is oblivious to the "reason"
leaves Pip money to buy new
the past. Through his bedroom for Joe's discomfort, though the
clothes. Pip says he will leave
window, Pip sees Joe smoking reader knows Joe is deeply sad to
for London as soon as possible.
outside with Biddy. Because lose Pip. Pip's comparison of
Joe never smokes so late, Pip Joe's smoke rings to a blessing
infers that he must want describe Joe's ever modest but
comforting "for some reason constant love and generosity
or other." The two speak towards Pip.
quietly and Pip hears his name
mentioned fondly. The light 2 4 6
smoke wreaths floating from
Joe's pipe seem to Pip "like a
blessing from Joe—not
obtruded on me or paraded
before me, but pervading the
air we shared together."

BOOK 1, CHAPTER 19 Pip regrets that Joe didn't get Pip confuses integrity with
a chance to learn more in their reputation. Pip's understanding
Pip rises the next morning in a Pip's new snobbery reaches
lessons. Joe disagrees, saying of pride relies on comparing
brighter mood and, after ridiculous heights. His generosity
he was always "so awful dull" himself to other people. He is
church, takes a farewell walk towards the villagers is
and that he is a master only of more proud when he considers
through the marshes, feeling a transparently false, conceived
his own trade. Pip, wanting to himself better than more people.
condescending compassion for purely to enhance the
"do something" for Joe thinks He suggests Joe improve himself
the village people ("poor gentlemanly reputation he
it would be easier to do if Joe according to these standards,
creatures") and resolving to craves. His perspective on the
were "better qualified for a learning the sorts of manners
send them charitable gifts in cows is comical. Compare this
rise in station." After tea, he that would help him raise himself
the future. He dismisses journey on the marshes with that
takes Biddy out for a walk and higher in the class system. Yet
memories of the convict. As he to meet the convict in Chapter 3.
asks her to teach Joe manners Biddy tries to explain Joe's
walks, Pip imagines that the
1 2 3 6 so that Pip might take him into different sense of pride, a pride
cows on the marsh "wear a
a "higher sphere" when he that relies on integrity and self-
more respectful air now...in
comes into his fortune. Biddy worth rather than on others'
order that they might stare as
protests and warns Pip to opinions. Pip, unable to
long as long as possible at the
consider Joe's pride. Pip is understand, attributes his own
possessor of such great
annoyed. Biddy explains that confusion to Biddy's jealousy of
expectations."
there are many different kinds him. He is upset without knowing
Pip lies down at the battery Pip is hungry for external of pride and that Joe is proud exactly why.
and falls asleep, daydreaming validation of his new status and of his place in life and of his
of Estella. Pip is awakened by reputation. Pip wants everyone, skills. Pip accuses Biddy of 1 2 3
Joe, who has followed him. Pip even Joe, to feel intimidated and being envious of him, of
tells Joe he will never forget insecure around him, in order to possessing "a bad side of
him and, when Joe responds make himself feel important. human nature." Biddy tells him
that he is sure of that and that he can think what he wants,
he only needed a night to 2 3 she will still do all she can for
adjust to Pip's departure, Pip is him and for the forge. She
secretly disappointed in "Joe's reminds him "a gentleman
being so mightily secure of should not be unjust."
me." Afterwards, Pip sulks outside,
confused by his dissatisfaction
and loneliness in the wake of
such good news.
Next day, Pip goes to the tailor, This is Pip's first experience
Mr. Trabb, to have clothes parading his new status in town,
made. Upon hearing that Pip and he discovers that there are
has come into money, Mr. those, like Mr. Trabb, who will
Trabb immediately begins to fawn over Pip solely because of
treat Pip with exaggerated Pip's money. But at the same
deference while all along time Mr. Trabb is cruel to his
verbally abusing his assistant, assistant, revealing his kindness
Trabb's Boy. Pip notes that to Pip as solely being the result
"my first decided experience of of Pip's money.
the stupendous power of
money was that it had morally 3
laid upon his back, Trabb's boy."

After completing his shopping, Mr. Pumblechook has already Joe, Biddy, and Pip are all sad Pip's first priority is protecting his
Pip goes to see Mr. shown himself to be a class- at Pip's departure. Pip has reputation and he fears Joe's
Pumblechook, who, to Pip's obsessed, greedy toady and this asked Joe not to walk with him company might tarnish his
great pleasure, tells Pip how scene only provides further to the coach, fearing the image. He prioritizes reputation
deserved Pip's fortune is. evidence. Though he has abused contrast in their appearances. even at the expense of his own
Pumblechook's flatters Pip and neglected Pip for years—at a Though he thinks better of it happiness, not changing his mind
over and over, and continually time when Pip most needed love and wants to invite Joe to walk even after he sobs. Throwing an
asks permission to shake Pip's and support—he now pretends as him after all, he does not. Joe old shoe is a peasant custom and
hand. He feeds Pip a lavish if they have always been friends and Biddy each throw an old mark Joe and Biddy as members
meal. He reminisces about his and fawns over Pip. Pip sees shoe at Pip as he leaves. Pip of the lower class.
long friendship with Pip, how through Pumblechook but tries to be happy as he leaves
he has been Pip's favorite since nevertheless enjoys his flattery. but soon begins sobbing. After 1 3
childhood. Though Pip knows Pumblechook's request for Pip's his tears, he feels his own
this is a lie, he is won over by business advice is a thinly veiled ingratitude more keenly and
Pumblechook's manner and plea for money. wishes Joe were with him. On
thinks he must have been the coach, he debates at each
mistaken not to like him in the 1 2 3 stop whether to get down and
past. Pumblechook asks Pip's walk back home for one last
business advice (obviously night, but does not. Mist has
implying that he'd like Pip's risen over the landscape.
investment) and delights in it
even when Pip does not offer BOOK 2, CHAPTER 20
to invest. Pumblechook
reiterates that Pip is "no Pip arrives in gritty, dirty London's prisons during
common boy." London and goes to Mr. Victorian times were notoriously
Jaggers' office in Little Britain. dirty and chaotic, full of raucous
The day before leaving for Sarah Pocket's dismay stems The office is greasy and run- lower-class prisoners who were
London, Pip visits Miss from her belief that Miss down, gloomily decorated with brutalized by the inhumane
Havisham to say goodbye. He Havisham must be Pip's weapons and casts of swollen conditions.
is escorted inside by Sarah anonymous patron (meaning she faces. Mr. Jaggers is in court
Pocket. Miss Havisham keeps won't get any money out of and Wemmick, Jaggers' clerk, 1 5
Sarah Pocket in the room while Havisham). Pip assumes genteel shows Pip in. While waiting,
she and Pip recount his change manners to bid Miss Havisham Pip takes a walk through filthy,
in fortune (she has already goodbye. bloody neighborhood of
heard the news from Mr. Smithfield, passing the black-
Jaggers), relishing Sarah 1
domed Saint Paul's and
Pocket's "jealous dismay." In Newgate Prison where a dirty,
parting, Pip kneels and kisses drunken minister of justice
Miss Havisham's hand. shows Pip the gallows, public
whipping posts, and debtors'
door, and tries to sell Pip a
spectator's seat at a trial. Back
at Mr. Jaggers' office, Pip sees
a rag-tag group of poor, dirty,
miserable clients waiting for
Jaggers as well.

Mr. Jaggers returns and Mr. Jaggers is strictly Pip is appalled by the dismal Even though young Mr. Pocket is
sharply dismisses each of his professional, taking only money, state of Barnard's Inn, which is part of Miss Havisham's upper
clients, checking to make sure no personal stories or sooty, rotting, and infested. He class family, he does not have
they have paid Wemmick and perspectives. Dickens' portrayal waits for young Mr. Pocket to any money—his class is not
threatening to drop their cases of the Jewish man is evidence of return and let him into the backed up by wealth. Yet despite
if they try to involve the Anti-Semitism of his era. rooms. Mr. Pocket returns with his lack of money, young Mr.
themselves any further. Mr. fresh fruit he has bought in Pocket's gracious welcome
Jaggers refuses to take on the 5 Pip's honor and very graciously attests to his generous spirit.
case of a Jewish man. He welcomes Pip into the grim
disgustedly dismisses another apartment, apologizing for its 1 3 5
client who has brought a condition and explaining that
falsely disguised, dishonest he and his father are poor. He
witness. and Pip suddenly recognize
one another—young Mr.
Mr. Jaggers tells Pip he will Mr. Jaggers knows that wealth
Pocket is the pale young
stay at Barnard's Inn with can't be equated with self-
gentleman Pip fought with in
Matthew Pocket's son. He improvement, that getting more
Miss Havisham's greenhouse.
reveals Pip's generous money can easily lead one to
allowance, informing Pip that make more mistakes.
he'll be keeping an eye on Pip's BOOK 2, CHAPTER 22
spending though he's sure Pip 2
The pale young gentleman is Herbert's description of Estella
will manage to "go wrong Herbert Pocket and he sheds light on Miss Havisham's
somehow." explains that his father, fawning over Estella and
Matthew Pocket, is Miss taunting Pip during Pip's visits to
BOOK 2, CHAPTER 21 Havisham's cousin. Herbert Satis House.
was in Miss Havisham's
Wemmick walks Pip to Like Mr. Jaggers, Wemmick is 5
greenhouse that day after
Barnard's Inn and Pip observes rigidly professional and avoids
Miss Havisham sent for him to
his wooden features and all the engaging with human feelings,
see if he might be a suitable
little tokens of mourning that attributing London's crimes
mostly to financial motives betrothed for Estella (she'd
Wemmick wears. Pip asks
rather than to the emotion- decided not). Herbert
Wemmick if London is
driven revenge motives that Pip criticizes Estella for being
"wicked" and Wemmick replies
suggests. cruel and haughty, and explains
that one can get "cheated,
that she is Miss Havisham's
robbed, and murdered" there
5 adopted daughter raised to
just like anywhere else. When
"wreak revenge on all the male
Pip suggests people commit
sex."
such crimes just for revenge,
Wemmick corrects him, saying Pip is immediately struck by Pip is anxious to acquire genteel
many more people commit Herbert's open, kind manners. Telling Herbert his
crimes for profit. Wemmick personality. He explains his name is "Phillip" violates the
seems surprised that Pip finds background and asks Herbert terms of his patronage, which
crimes for profit to be "worse" to correct his country stipulated he keep calling himself
than crimes committed for manners. When Herbert asks "Pip." Pip is trying to escape his
revenge. After depositing Pip Pip's name, Pip says it is lower-class past and himself.
at Barnard's, Wemmick is "Phillip." Herbert, disliking the
surprised by Pip's offer to name, decides to call Pip 1 2 3 6
shake hands. "Handel" after Handel's piece
"The Harmonious Blacksmith."

At dinner, Herbert tells Miss Miss Havisham's tragedy is set in Herbert concludes by telling Herbert's openness and respect
Havisham's story. Miss motion by class conflict: her Pip that he has revealed are further evidence of his
Havisham was the spoiled younger brother resents her everything he knows about integrity and generosity.
daughter of a wealthy, genteel higher status as a child born to Miss Havisham. He promises
brewer. Her mother died early an upper class marriage. He that nothing shall come 3 6
and her father secretly doesn't enjoy the full range of between he and Pip in the
married and had a son with his class privileges she does because future and swears never to
cook. Though raised as part of he is born out of an affair with a inquire about Pip's patron. Pip
the family, this son was cook. When his father leaves thinks that Herbert is implicitly
rebellious and his father left Miss Havisham more money in acknowledging that Miss
him a much smaller inheritance his will, the brother seeks revenge Havisham is Pip's patron.
than he left Miss Havisham, by partnering with Miss
Herbert enthusiastically Herbert's own ambitions are in
which built resentment Havisham's fiancée to ruin her
describes his own ambition of accord with the new capitalist
between her and her half- forever.
becoming "a capitalist—an economy of post-Industrial
brother. Miss Havisham fell in
1 2 3 4 5 insurer of ships," though he is Revolution England.
love with and was engaged to a
currently working unpaid in a
man to whom she gave a great 2
counting house. Pip privately
deal of money, and who
suspects that Herbert will
convinced her to buy her half-
never succeed in business.
brother out of his share in the
brewery. On their wedding The next day, Herbert takes Mrs. Pocket is not a very
day, this man never showed up. Pip to Matthew Pocket's competent parent.
Rumor was that he'd conspired house in the countryside
with Miss Havisham's vengeful outside London. There, they 4
half-brother, though Herbert meet Mrs. Pocket reading in
does not know the two men's the garden, blissfully oblivious
whereabouts any longer. Miss to six of her children tumbling
Havisham was devastated and, over the footstool concealed
within the house, essentially below her skirt. She and the
stopped time to the minute children are attended by two
she had been betrayed. frustrated maids, Millers and
Flopson. Mrs. Pocket acts
All of Miss Havisham's The distinction Matthew Pocket
absent-minded and unfamiliar
relations were poor and all of makes between gentlemanly
with her children.
them except for Matthew manners and a noble heart is
Pocket were jealous and crucial and will factor
"scheming." He alone had significantly in Pip's growth as a BOOK 2, CHAPTER 23
warned Miss Havisham about character. Pip learns that Mrs. Pocket is Mrs. Pocket was raised to value
her fiancée, perceiving that the the only daughter of a titles and to believe in a
man was only superficially 3
deceased knight who, though birthright to nobility—ideas that
genteel. Miss Havisham, poor, was pompously proud of are now antiquated in Victorian
though, was offended by the his title, had ordered that his England where the rigid
warning and accused Matthew daughter be raised without hereditary class system is a thing
Pocket of trying to get her learning any practical domestic of the past. Note how the title
money for himself. skills, and that she "must marry was more important than the
a title." She eloped with Mr. person—Mrs. Pocket was not to
Pocket. Her father had no marry a man with a title, it was
dowry to give her but his just the "title" that mattered.
blessing. Mrs. Pocket is pitied
by Mrs. Coiler and others 1 4
"because she had not married
a title." Mr. Pocket is blamed
for never getting a title.

A harried but unaffected Mr. Drummle has been born into the Pip decides to rent one of Mr. Jaggers' sense of
Pocket shows Pip his room upper class and therefore has a Herbert's rooms in Barnard's professionalism does not only
and introduces him to fellow hold in the antiquated title Inn for variety and for the require him to be rational,
students Bentley Drummle, an system that Mrs. Pocket values. pleasure of Herbert's calculating, and
heir to a baronetcy, and The Pocket household is highly company. When he asks Mr. dispassionate—he must also
Startop. At dinner, Pip dysfunctional. Authority that Jaggers for money to furnish intimidate everyone around him.
observes that the Pockets' should be possessed by the the room, Mr. Jaggers hassles
servants wield greater power parents, Mr. and Mrs. Pocket, has Pip about the sum, making Pip 3
in the household than the passed to the servants. uncomfortable. When he
Pockets' themselves. Mrs. confides his discomfort to
Pocket reveals that the book 4 Wemmick, Wemmick assures
she was reading so avidly is a him that Mr. Jaggers' intends
book on titles. that reaction but that "it's not
personal....only professional."
When the children are brought Mrs. Pocket is more concerned
in after dinner, Mrs. Pocket with her own social class and After dispensing his money, Wemmick's cheerfulness around
allows the baby to play with status than she is with parenting Wemmick gives Pip a tour of matters of death show how
nutcrackers while she her children. Her daughter Jane Mr. Jaggers office and Pip sees inured he's become to the grizzly
discusses baronetcies with is a better mother to her baby four other shabby clerks and justice system. Further, the firm
Bentley Drummle and scolds than she is. Mr. Pocket recognizes learns that the plaster casts celebrates the criminals it
her older child, Jane, for her incompetence but can do are death masks of "famous defends, as they are the
suggesting the baby might be nothing. clients" that earned the foundation of its success. The
in danger. An exasperated Mr. practice credit: one a firm seems not so much to be
Pocket protests his wife's 1 3 4 murderer, the other a forger. focused on justice, as finding
negligence to no avail and falls Wemmick describes them ways to profit from the law. It's
silent. fondly and explains that all of all business. Wemmick's cheerful
his mourning accessories are acceptance of the "personal
After dinner (lunch), Bentley Pip is offended by the trainer's
gifts from Mr. Jaggers' clients property" that was the last gifts
Drummle and Startop go praise because he doesn't want
who were killed for their of condemned criminals further
rowing and Pip, wanting to be to be associated with working
crimes. He tells Pip that he underscores this "all business"
trained in this genteel sport, class trades, even by mere
always takes these mementoes ethos.
hires someone to train him, comparison.
when offered as his motto is
though he is deeply offended 5 6
1 "get hold of portable property."
when the trainer praises him
for having "the arm of a Wemmick invites Pip to visit Wemmick's invitation to Pip is
blacksmith." him at home in Walworth. He generous, not professionally
also warns Pip that, if he ever required of him.
BOOK 2, CHAPTER 24 goes to Mr. Jaggers house, he
should look out for his 6
Several days later, Mr. Pocket Gentlemen do not engage in housekeeper, who is "a wild
tells Pip that he's been told by practical trades and professions beast tamed."
Mr. Jaggers that Pip is not to but instead live genteel lives of
be trained for any particular leisure. Pip will be educated for
profession but to be educated such a life. Though you could
as a young man of wealth. Pip also make a case that he will
accepts the plan. He and Mr. then be educated in doing
Pocket get along well and Pip nothing.
finds him "serious, honest, and
good." 1 2

BOOK 2, CHAPTER 25 BOOK 2, CHAPTER 26
Pip describes his peers, Bentley Drummle may be a That morning, Mr. Jaggers Mr. Jaggers is fascinated by
Bentley Drummle and gentleman by birth but he invites Pip along with human traits that are the
Startop. Bentley Drummle is definitely does not possess a Drummle, Startop, and opposite of integrity and
stupid, "idle, proud, niggardly, noble heart. Herbert to dinner the next day. uprightness. Though he does not
reserved, and suspicious." Mr. Jaggers house is dark and advise Pip to associate with the
Startop has been spoiled and 1 4 6 serious. Throughout the visit, people who possess those
made effeminate by an Mr. Jaggers is most interested negative traits, he is delighted to
overprotective mother, but Pip in Drummle, whom he calls watch those people in action.
much prefers his company to "one of the true sort," although This could explain his affinity for
Drummle's. His best friend is he advises Pip to steer clear of working with criminals.
Herbert. him. During the lavish dinner,
Pip notices that Mr. Jaggers 3 5
A few weeks later, Pip Mr. Jaggers is proud of his
"wrenched the weakest parts
arranges to take Wemmick up reputation and flaunts it among
of our dispositions out of us,"
on his dinner invitation to criminal circles in London. At the
inspiring the boys to bicker
Walworth. They meet at Mr. same time, it is suggestive about
competitively about rowing
Jaggers' office and Wemmick the brutal nature of the law that
and money. Pip notes that
describes some of Mr. Jaggers' a lawyer, an agent of the law, can
Drummle leaves Mr. Pocket's
personal habits to Pip: Mr. become more feared than the
for good a month after this
Jaggers' never locks his doors lawbreakers themselves.
dinner.
or windows at night and
carries a massive, expensive 3 5 Mr. Jaggers only servant is his Each boy wants to win the
gold watch, yet Mr. Jaggers is housekeeper, Molly, whom reputation for being strongest,
so infamous among thieves in Wemmick has urged Pip to but Molly wins it instead. Her
London, that no one would take note of. She is a quiet, scarred and disfigured wrists are
ever be brave enough to rob witch-like woman with evidence of some struggle in her
him. streaming hair, completely past.
submissive to Mr. Jaggers. Pip
Pip and Wemmick walk to Wemmick's house may be 3
imagines her face above a
Walworth, which is an modeled on Gothic period
cauldron. The adult Pip
eccentric, tiny imitation- architecture but he has built it all
narrator alludes to a vision he
Gothic cottage with a himself in the Victorian era. The
will have of her face years later
drawbridge, a flagstaff, a gun, house is a model of self-
by fire in a dark room. When
and livestock. Wemmick is sufficiency and self-
the boys bicker about who is
proud of building everything improvement. In order to protect
strongest, Mr. Jaggers forces
himself. Inside, he introduces his reputation for dispassionate,
her to show the boys her
Pip to his near-deaf father, the rational professionalism in the
wrists, which are scarred and
Aged, to whom Wemmick is office, Wemmick maintains two
disfigured and, Mr. Jaggers
tenderly devoted. Wemmick's personalities. He is as tender and
claims, the strongest he's ever
manner at Walmouth is jovial domestic at home as he is cold
seen.
and warm. He explains to Pip and business-minded in the
that he keeps "office life" and office.
"private life" completely
separate, and that Mr. Jaggers 2 3 4
has never heard of Walworth.
Walking back to Little Britain
from Walworth the next
morning, Pip notices that
Wemmick's facial expression
stiffens as he nears the office.

Pip receives a letter from Pip fears that being seen Pip arranges to return to the Pip is a self-swindler because he
Biddy informing him that Joe associating with Joe will tarnish village the next day but makes acts disloyally and without
is travelling to London the next his reputation and upset his excuses to himself to justify personal integrity, making
day with Mr. Wopsle and plans social status. Pip has invested staying at the Blue Boar excuses to trick himself into
to visit Pip. She reminds Pip of extravagantly in the trappings of instead of at the forge. The thinking otherwise and stealing
Joe's goodness. Pip is gentility, bolstering his social adult Pip narrator calls himself from himself the love and
distressed by the news and class with superficial status a "self-swindler." friendship he should share with
thinks that if he could pay to symbols just as he is also trying Joe and Biddy..
keep Joe away, he would. His to turn himself into a gentleman
only consolation is that through education. 1 3
Drummle won't see (and make On the coach to his town, Pip This confirms Pip's suspicion that
fun of) Joe. Joe will come to 1 2 3 4
rides with two convicts, one of the stranger who showed him the
the Barnard's Inn apartment, which Pip recognizes as the metal file and gave him the two
which Pip has recently man he met at the Three Jolly pounds was sent by the convict
decorated splendidly at Bargeman. Pip is grateful that he'd helped.
enormous expense. Pip has the man doesn't recognize him.
also hired a servant boy (the During the ride, Pip overhears 5 6
Avenger) whom he dresses in the man recounting how
fancy waistcoat and boots but another convict had asked him
has very little use for. to find "the boy that had fed
When Joe arrives, Pip is Joe feels uncomfortable amidst him and kep' his secret" and
painfully aware of his country Pip's ostentatiously lavish give him two one-pound notes.
manners, awkward clothes, surroundings, but that At the Blue Boar, Pip reads Mr. Mr. Pumblechook continues to
and discomfort. Joe calls Pip discomfort is amplified hugely by Pumblechook's thinly tell lies about his generosity
Ôsir' against Pip's protests. He Pip's obvious haughtiness and disguised article in the local towards Pip in order to enhance
tells Pip Mr. Wopsle has left snobbery. Joe's explanation of newspaper crediting himself as his reputation around town.
the village for London in order their different stations displays Pip's mentor, friend, and first
to pursue his dreams of acting, Joe's integrity—he does not patron. 2 3 6
and hands Pip the playbill for resent Pip's new social class nor
Mr. Wopsle's first play. When does he wish to enter it himself.
Herbert leaves for work, Joe Pip recognizes Joe's integrity too BOOK 2, CHAPTER 29
tells Pip he has only come to late and chases him in vain. Like Going to Miss Havisham's the Orlick and Estella have each
convey a message from Miss Pip, Mr. Wopsle has come to next morning, Pip is surprised undertaken self-improvement.
Havisham: that Estella is home London to pursue his ambitions to find Orlick employed as the Orlick has been hired as part of a
and would like to see Pip. Joe and craves opportunities not porter to protect the house wealthy household while Estella
says Biddy had encouraged offered by village life. from convicts and intruders. has studied abroad and acquired
him to tell Pip in person, then When he enters Miss more refined manners.
good-naturedly apologizes and 1 2 3 4 6 Havisham's room, he finds
says that he and Pip are now of Estella home from France and 2
different stations in life and transformed into a beautiful,
shouldn't meet in public. He graceful woman.
says his place is at the forge,
blesses Pip, and leaves. Pip is
impressed by Joe's dignity and
runs after him, but Joe has
disappeared.

Pip and Estella walk in the For Estella, a rise in social class As he falls asleep at the Blue Pip feels grateful for Miss
garden and recount old times. necessarily involves cutting off all Boar, Miss Havisham's Havisham's generosity but the
Estella notes the changes in connections to the lower class injunction to "love her!" reader can see that Pip is
Pip and observes that he has one rose from. Pip's admiration resounds in Pip's mind and he delusional—there is no evidence
"necessarily" stopped keeping for Estella has led him to live by feels grateful, convinced that of generosity in her behavior. In
company with his childhood Estella's standards—he has Miss Havisham is his patron fact, she very explicitly just wants
circle. When Pip is hurt that indeed cut off his childhood and that Estella must to bring him pain! Again, Pip
Estella does not remember circle. That Estella equates therefore be destined to be his blindly adopts Estella's snobbish
making him cry, Estella informs "sympathy" with "nonsense" wife. The adult Pip narrator values in avoiding Joe.
him that she has no heart. "I illustrates the low value she cringes to remember that he
have no softness there, no- places on compassion and love. didn't think twice about not 1 6
sympathy-sentiment- That Estella reminds Pip of visiting Joe during the trip,
nonsense." Pip says he does someone he can't place knowing Estella would disdain
not believe her. As they walk, foreshadows future revelations him.
Pip is bothered by the nagging about Estella...
suspicion that Estella BOOK 2, CHAPTER 30
resembles someone whom he 1 2
cannot place. Pip suggests to Mr. Jaggers Mr. Jaggers' cheerfulness is
that Orlick can't be trusted as further evidence of his comfort
Back in the house, Miss Miss Havisham explicitly Miss Havisham's porter. Mr. dealing with people lacking in
Havisham speaks frenziedly to articulates the revenge motive Jaggers agrees, happily noting principles and integrity.
Pip about Estella, telling him to Herbert described: she wants Pip that posts of trust are never
"...love her, love her!" no matter to suffer from his love for Estella filled by upright men. To Pip's 3
how Estella hurts him. She tells as she herself suffered from love surprise, Mr. Jaggers'
Pip real love is "blind devotion, in the past. cheerfully announces he'll fire
unquestioning self-humiliation, Orlick immediately, unfazed by
utter submission," 5
Pip's fear that Orlick might put
surrendering oneself "as I did!" up a fight.
Mr. Jaggers has come by on Mr. Jaggers' relentless While walking through town, Trabb's Boy is the only villager
business and he, Miss professionalism does not permit Pip runs into Trabb's Boy, who Pip encounters who does not
Havisham, Sarah Pocket, him to recognize beauty or love. follows Pip throughout the fawn over his newly won status
Estella, and Pip have dinner Pip is disconcerted by the town making fun of him by and wealth. His taunts deal a
together. Mr. Jaggers is incongruity between Mr. Jaggers' feigning intimidation and blow to Pip's pride, but instead of
unaffected by Estella's beauty dispassionate personality and his parodying Pip's snobbish confronting Trabb's Boy directly,
and ignores her. Pip is own hot passion for Estella. demeanor. Pip feels disgraced Pip uses his financial might to
disturbed by the incongruity and, thinking it would be "futile indirectly punish him.
between Mr. Jaggers' "cold 3
and degrading" to argue with
presence" and his own warm the boy himself, writes Mr. 1 3
feelings for Estella, resenting Trabb a letter informing him
that the two must share space. that Pip will no longer
patronize his business because
of the boy.
Pip takes the coach back to Pip confuses a generous heart
London and, immediately upon with a generous wallet, thinking
arrival, sends "a penitential he can replace one with the
codfish and barrel of oysters to other.
Joe" to make up for not having
visited him. 4 6

Back at Barnard's Inn, Pip tells As in all matters concerning Pip and Herbert try to duck Mr. Wopsle is convinced that his
Herbert about his love for Estella, Pip is delusional and out after without seeing Mr. career change has improved his
Estella and is shocked to hear doesn't realize how obvious his Wopsle, but he spots them and life dramatically, yet the reader
Herbert already intuited it. infatuation with her is to others. requests that they come can see that he may have been
Herbert reveals that he too Herbert advises Pip to stop backstage. Pip is surprised to better off living as a church clerk
believes Estella is secretly loving Estella in order to improve find Mr. Wopsle proudly in the village. Pip is shocked at
betrothed to Pip. But when he Pip's quality of life, knowing that dignified and oblivious to the Wopsle's self-delusion, but the
hears Mr. Jaggers has never Miss Havisham's vengefulness low caliber of his own reader can see that Pip is
mentioned marriage among has shaped Estella to torture performance. Pitying him, Pip similarly self-delusional. Pip is
Pip's expectations, Herbert men who love her. invites Mr. Wopsle to dinner also acting, he's just acting the
changes his mind. He advises where Mr. Wopsle spends the part of a gentleman.
Pip to detach himself from her 2 5 night reveling in his ambitions
because of Estella's and perceived success. 2
background and character,
which "may lead to miserable BOOK 2, CHAPTER 32
things." Pip agrees, but feels
unable to detach himself. Pip receives a note from Estella does not express any
Estella informing him that she personal eagerness to see Pip
Changing the subject, Herbert Herbert has not inherited his is coming to London and that —their meeting simply fulfills her
confides to Pip that he himself mother's obsession with social Miss Havisham wants him to daughterly obligation to obey
is secretly engaged to Clara, status and inherited titles—in meet her at the coach. Pip, Miss Havisham's wishes.
the daughter of a ship's fact, he wants to distance himself anxious to see Estella, arrives
steward who would not live up as far from her value system as at the coach station five hours 4
to Mrs. Pocket's title-obsessed he can. early.
standards. Clara lives with her
ailing, foul-tempered father. 1 2 3 4 While he's waiting, Pip bumps This scene illustrates the dire
Herbert says he will marry into Wemmick who invites Pip prison conditions in post-
Clara as soon as he begins to to come along to Newgate Industrial Revolution London.
make money. Prison. Pip notes that prisons Wemmick is likened to a
at that time were decrepit and gardener walking among his
that soldiers, criminals, and plants—as a man of law, he
BOOK 2, CHAPTER 31 debtors lived in the same profits from criminality as a
Having come across the The play Hamlet investigates conditions. At the prison, gardener would from his crops.
playbill for Mr. Wopsle's similar themes as those explored Wemmick is on friendly,
production of Hamlet in his in this novel: parentage, revenge, familiar terms with all the 2 5
pocket, Pip and Herbert go and justice. guards and prisoners. Pip
that night to see the play. The notes that he "walked among
production is ridiculously bad, 4 5 the prisoners much as a
with incompetent actors and a gardener might walk among
jeering audience. Mr. Wopsle his plants."
plays Hamlet ineptly. Even though Pip has, in his mind,
Back at the coach station, Pip
is disturbed by the constant dramatically improved himself
"taint" of criminals and prisons since childhood, he can't seem to
in his life, starting with his escape a persistent association
childhood encounter with with prisons. The association
convicts on the marshes. He itself feels imprisoning. Yet his
tries to shake off the dust and effort to escape from this "taint"
scent of Newgate. When is ironic, given the coming
Estella arrives, he again revelations about who Pip's
wonders who it is she reminds patron actually is.
him of.
2 5

Upon meeting Pip, Estella is all Pip hopes Estella is implying that Taking his coming wealth (i.e. Pip continues to be hungry for
business, informing him he she would act more warmly his "expectations") for granted, material status markers,
must procure her some tea towards Pip if not for her strict Pip keeps spending spending recklessly to acquire
and accompany her in a instructions, but her extravagantly and inspires them. Social clubs like the
carriage to Richmond. She dispassionate tone doesn't seem Herbert to as well. The two go Finches are similar status
stresses that they must follow to suggest she feels anything but into debt. They join an markers. Pip and Herbert join the
instructions and are not at content following Miss expensive social club, the club for the social caché of
liberty to act of their own will. Havisham's plan for her. As an Finches of the Grove. Bentley membership. Pip's desire to cover
Pip hopes that there is "an upper class lady, Estella will enter Drummle is also a member. Pip Herbert's expenses seems
inner meaning" in her words. high society in Richmond. wants to cover Herbert's generous, but Herbert probably
She explains that she is being expenses himself but knows wouldn't have such expenses if
sent to Richmond to live with a 1 4 Herbert would be too proud to Pip hadn't helped turn him into a
lady that will introduce her to accept the offer. Even as the spendthrift in the first place.
society. Pip observes that boys fear for their finances,
Estella speaks of herself "as if they spend prodigiously and 1 2 6
you were some one else." unwisely. They periodically
Miss Havisham's relatives resent tally up their debts. This makes
At tea, Estella tells Pip that
Pip because they assume Miss them feel they are in control
Sarah Pocket, Georgiana,
Havisham is his patron and want when in fact they do nothing to
Camilla, and Raymond resent
her money for themselves. They curb their spending habits.
Pip and are futilely trying to
damage Miss Havisham's selfishly plot against Pip as they After one such evening of Pip has completely fallen out of
opinion of him. Estella explains once plotted against Estella. adding up debts, Pip receives a touch with Joe and Mrs. Joe. He
that she is delighted by their letter signed Trabb & Co. had no idea Mrs. Joe was dying.
frustration because they 6 informing him that Mrs. Joe He has completely lost touch
plotted against her throughout has died and inviting him to her with his past, and, by extension,
her childhood. burial next week. with himself.
Pip leaves Estella in Richmond, Even though Estella actually 4
and imagines how happy he makes Pip unhappy, he is sure
would be if he lived with her, that being with her would make
even though he knows he is him happy. This is because he BOOK 2, CHAPTER 35
never happy but "always thinks that in being with her he The next week Pip comes to In fact, it is Mr. Trabb's funeral
miserable" in her company. would cement his reputation as a the forge for the funeral. The that is disrespectful, outfitting
gentleman, and he has put house has been showily the house and villagers in gaudy
reputation over his own integrity decorated by Mr. Trabb who decorations and interfering Joe's
or true self. coordinated a formal funeral desire to show his true devotion
procession and outfits villagers and care for Mrs. Joe.
2 3 in black mourning costumes in
the forge's parlor. Joe confides 1 3
When he returns to the Although Mr. Pocket has a
Pockets house at reputation for being an to Pip that he'd wanted to
Hammersmith, Pip finds Mr. accomplished parent and carry Mrs. Joe on his own, but
Pocket is out lecturing. Mr. household manager, and in fact that he'd been told it would
Pocket is a famously respected lectures others on these topics, disrespectful.
lecturer on household his personal life disproves his
management and child rearing public reputation.
and Pip thinks he'll ask Mr.
Pockets' advice. But, noticing 3 4
that Mrs. Pocket has allowed
the baby to play with and
swallow sewing needles, Pip
changes his mind.

After the ceremony, Pip Biddy correctly points out the BOOK 2, CHAPTER 36
delights Joe by asking to sleep falseness of Pip's concernsÐ if
Pip comes of age (turns 21) The new arrangement gives Pip
in his childhood room. He he'd really been worried about
and is called to Mr. Jaggers' more independence, but it's
scolds Biddy in private for not Mrs. Joe, he'd have kept in touch
office. Expecting to be told the unclear whether he has
writing to tell him about Mrs. with the forge. Biddy's own
name of his patron, Pip is developed enough judgment to
Joe's condition. Biddy replies ambition will not make her turn
surprised when Mr. Jaggers use that independence
that she didn't think Pip away from her past. She will care
points out that Pip is deeply in responsibly.
wanted to know. She explains for Joe even after she becomes a
debt and gives him a five
she will have to leave the forge teacher. 2
hundred pound bank note. Pip
now to be a schoolteacher,
2 4 6 will now receive this annual
though she will keep taking
sum to manage his own
care of Joe.
expenses rather than drawing
Pip asks to hear the particulars Mrs. Joe's last words seem to allowances from Wemmick.
of Mrs. Joe's death and Biddy imply an apology to Joe and Pip, He tells Pip that his patron's
tells him her last words were presumably for her abusiveness identity is still a secret.
"Joe," "Pardon," and "Pip." Pip before the accident. Orlick's
In the outer office, Pip Pip's proposal is extremely
asks her about Orlick and behavior is highly suspicious.
privately proposes to generous. Wemmick upholds his
hears that he is now working in
4 5 Wemmick that Pip invest professional reputation by giving
the quarries and that he lurked
money in Herbert's career. him a business-minded opinion
by the forge the night Mrs. Joe
Wemmick objects vehemently at the office. To get Wemmick's
died and still follows Biddy
to Pip's proposal, telling Pip advice as a friend, Pip must go to
around.
never to invest "portable Walworth.
Biddy tells Pip how much Joe Pip accuses Biddy of lacking property" in a friend. When
loves him. Pip tells Biddy he integrity when he should be questioned, he tells Pip this is 3 6
will visit the forge often in the accusing himself. Addressing Pip his "opinion in this office." Pip
future. Biddy is silent, then as "Mr." registers Pip's new social tells Wemmick he is going to
addresses Pip as "Mr. Pip." She status and his distance from the visit him at Walworth to hear
doubts that Pip will actually forge. He isn't on intimate terms Wemmick's Walworth opinion.
come to visit Joe often and Pip, with Joe and Biddy anymore.
annoyed, criticizes her "bad Biddy generously apologizes
BOOK 2, CHAPTER 37
side of human nature." Leaving though she isn't at fault.
for London the next morning, The next Sunday afternoon, An insight into Wemmick's social
he promises Joe he will be 1 3 6 Pip goes to Walworth to hear class background. His father was
back soon and tells Biddy he is Wemmick's "Walworth a manual laborer and planned
still hurt by her doubt. Biddy sentiments." While waiting for for Wemmick to be the same (a
earnestly apologizes. Wemmick to return home wine cooper is someone who
from his walk, Pip learns from bottles and sells wine), but
the Aged that the Aged used Wemmick has risen to be an
to work in warehousing in office worker.
Liverpool and London and that
he had raised Wemmick to go 1 2 4
into wine-coopering, not law.
Wemmick returns from his
walk with Miss Skiffins, a lady
Wemmick is courting.

Pip and Wemmick stroll Pip's desire to give anonymously BOOK 2, CHAPTER 38
around the property to discuss proves he isn't merely being
Still lovesick for Estella, Pip Pip's rationalization for not
Pip's question. Pip describes generous to enhance his own
visits her often at Richmond. courting Estella may be well-
his wish to invest in Herbert's reputation. Wemmick's
Pip is on more familiar terms intentioned, but his generosity
future as if he has never Walworth personality permits
with Estella than her many doesn't make much sense. Estella
mentioned the idea before and him to praise Pip's kindness—in
suitors because of their past is obviously trying to obstruct
fills Wemmick in on the the office Wemmick could only
relationship. Nevertheless, he Pip's advances by telling him to
personal details of Herbert's ever praise business savvy.
gets no pleasure from this "take warning" but Pip can't see
life. Pip explains that he wants
2 3 6 familiarity because it isn't beyond his own feelings for her.
to plan the investment secretly
romantic. Pip restrains himself
so that Herbert will not realize 6
from courting her more
he has received any assistance.
assertively because he thinks it
Wemmick responds by
might be "ungenerous," since
commending Pip's kindness
they are (he assumes) already
and agreeing to carry out the
betrothed. Estella tells Pip to
plan with the help of Miss
"take warning" of her but Pip
Skiffins' brother, an
insists he doesn't understand
accountant.
her.
Pip stays at the castle for a Miss Skiffins and Wemmick are
One day, Estella informs Pip Again, Pip's infatuation with
cozy tea with Wemmick, Miss courting but not married, and
that Miss Havisham has asked Estella distorts the stark
Skiffins, and the Aged. Miss Skiffins protects her
him to escort her to Satis evidence that Miss Havisham's
Throughout teatime, reputation as a wholesome
House. There, Miss Havisham revenge plot works on Pip too.
Wemmick periodically tries to woman by refusing to let
gloats over stories of Estella's
slide his arm around Miss Wemmick touch her waist. 5
many suitors, hissing to Pip
Skiffins' waist but she calmly
3 "How does she use you?" Pip
unwinds his arm each time and
deduces that Miss Havisham
lays it back on the table.
has secretly betrothed Estella
Wemmick carries out Pip's Pip's generosity towards Herbert to him, then sent her out into
plan, meeting with him again has not only improved Herbert's the world to taunt suitors in
several times at Walworth and life, it has also improved Pip's order to wreak Miss
in London (though never in or own character and given Pip joy. Havisham's own revenge on
near Little Britain). They It is the first wholly unselfish the male sex.
arrange for a merchant's action Pip has undertaken since
house called Clarriker & Co. to he came into money.
offer Herbert work. Herbert,
not knowing that he owes his 2 6
job to Pip's secret investment,
is ecstatic. Pip is teary with
happiness, overjoyed to think
that his "expectations had
done some good to somebody."

Later in the visit, Pip witnesses Here is a frightening glimpse into When Pip confesses to Estella This is the closest Estella has
Miss Havisham and Estella Miss Havisham's parenting. She that he is jealous of the ever come to professing any
argue for the first time in his has raised Estella without any attention she gives Drummle, fondness for Pip. To Pip, at least,
presence. When Estella pulls sense of self, without anything to Estella asks him almost angrily she is being honest about her
away from Miss Havisham's have integrity to. Estella feels whether Pip wants her "to nature and inability to love. The
clutching grip, Miss Havisham that she belongs entirely to Miss deceive and entrap" him. She things she says to Pip to keep him
grows hysterical and accuses Havisham as a mere pawn in tells him that that is what she away are, in her mind, a kind of
her of ingratitude, cold- Miss Havisham's scheme against is doing to Drummle and all generosity.
heartedness, hardness, and men. The fact that Miss her other suitors but Pip.
pride. Estella calmly replies, "I Havisham's love shades so easily 3 6
am what you have made me. into jealousy calls into question
Take all the praise, take all the whether it is love at all. Indeed, BOOK 2, CHAPTER 39
blame." When Miss Havisham Estella implies that her own
Pip is now twenty-three. He Pip's lifelong association with
demands Estella's love, Estella inability to love is due to never
has left Mr. Pocket's classes prisoners persists. The convict
responds that she cannot give having been loved herself.
behind and studies on his own was evidently deeply moved by
what Miss Havisham never
3 4 in London. He and Herbert Pip's (forced) generosity on the
gave her. Miss Havisham
have moved from Barnard's marshes, interpreting it as
insists she gave Estella, "a
Inn to the Temple in Garden evidence of Pip's noble character,
burning love, inseparable from
Court. One dark and stormy and not realizing that Pip acted
jealousy at all times." Estella
night while Herbert is away on as he did out of pure terror.
calmly maintains, "I have never
business, Pip receives a
been unfaithful to you or your 3 4 6
mysterious visitor, a rough,
schooling. I have never shown
balding man with a lower-class
any weakness." Miss Havisham
accent. To his shock, Pip
laments that Estella would
realizes that this man is the
consider even love for Miss
convict he helped on the
Havisham to be "weakness."
marshes. The convict calls Pip
At a Finches of the Grove In spite of Estella's haughtiness "noble Pip," commending Pip
meeting some time later, towards others, she is curiously for acting so "nobly" towards
Drummle tells Pip that he has indifferent towards her own fate him as a child. Pip tries to turn
made the acquaintance of and seems to face her prospects him out but, disarmed by the
Estella. Pip hotly contests it without ambition or judgment. convict's warmth towards him,
and challenges Drummle to a invites the man to stay for a
duel, which is cancelled once 2 drink.
Drummle produces a personal
The convict reveals that he is Pip is horrified by this revelation
note from Estella confirming
Pip's patron. Pip is speechless not only because it makes him
the acquaintance. Thereafter,
with horror and nearly faints. intimately indebted to a low
Pip is dismayed to observe
The convict, meanwhile, class convict (the very sort of
Drummle successfully courting
explains how he has scrimped person he's been trying to rise
Estella and beating out her
and saved for years working as above) but because such an
other suitors. When Pip
a shepherd in the New South association, in his mind, dashes
confronts Estella one night at a
Wales to make Pip a his dream of being betrothed to
ball and warns her about
gentleman. "I'm your second Estella.
Drummle's unworthiness,
father," he tells Pip. He marvels
Estella is unperturbed and 1 2 3 4 5 6
with pride at Pip's genteel
coolly indifferent to
appearance. Pip recoils.
Drummle's bad traits, saying
"all sorts of ugly creatures
hover about a lighted candle.
Can the candle help it?"

The convict asks Pip to help Escapees from the Australian Over breakfast, Pip is The convict is under the
him hide. He explains that he prison colonies faced the death disgusted by the convict's impression that money alone
has sailed to London illegally, sentence. crude table manners. He asks makes a gentleman. But based
having run away from a life the convict about the man in on his behavior, he is not familiar
sentence in the colonies, and 5 6 grey clothes but the convict with genteel manners and
will be hanged if he is caught. didn't notice him and doesn't behaviors, and no amount of
Pip gives the convict Herbert's know who the man might be. money could hide this fact.
bedroom and seals the After breakfast, he tosses Pip a
shutters and doors. fat pocketbook of money, 1
proclaiming that he'll make Pip
Pip stays up late trying to All of Pip's delusions are exposed.
into a gentleman to show up all
process the news. He is Though he justified abandoning
of the colonists and judges
devastated to realize that Miss Joe and Biddy for Estella's sake,
who have crossed him. He
Havisham is not his patron and he must face the fact that he has
wants the money to be spent
that Estella, therefore, isn't not gotten any closer to her than
on more lavish, gentlemanly
destined for him. He is even he was back at the forge. Yet,
accoutrements.
more devastated to realize even so, his remorse at his
that he has deserted Joe and treatment of Joe and Biddy is Pip is distressed and demands The convict feels paternal
Biddy for the sake of a only because the prize of treating to know the convict's plans. towards Pip—he feels that his
criminal, a potentially violent them as he did failed to produce The convict explains he plans generosity has made Pip into
man. Thinking along these his expected prize: Estella. He to stay with Pip in London for what he is—but Pip rebuffs his
lines, Pip grows afraid of the does not feel sorry for how he good. He will disguise himself tenderness, addressing him with
man and, after making sure the acted for its own sake. and be called Provis, though "Mr." as he would any stranger.
convict is asleep, locks him into his real name is Abel
his room. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Magwitch. He calls Pip "dear 4 6
boy" and watches him "with an
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 40 air of admiring proprietorship."
Pip resolves to call him "Mr.
The next morning, Pip decides The mysterious man is suspicious Provis."
to tell his maids and the and suggests someone is spying
Temple watchman that the on Pip. This is especially Pip stops by Mr. Jaggers office Mr. Jaggers protects himself by
convict is his uncle. On his way disconcerting, considering the to ask if the news he's heard is ensuring he is legally ignorant of
out, he stumbles over an convict's criminal record and true. Mr. Jaggers confirms the Provis' presence in London,
unidentified man crouching in illegal status in England. fact, though insists that Pip preventing Pip from stating it
the dark hall outside his describe "Magwitch" as a man outright. Still, the reader can see
apartment. When Pip and the 5 still living in New South Wales that Mr. Jaggers' is aware of the
watchman return with a light and "Provis" as a separate fact.
to search the hall, the stranger person in England conveying
information on Magwitch's 5
has disappeared, but the
watchman informs Pip that behalf.
Pip's "uncle" entered the Pip buys Provis new clothes to Though Provis has the money of
Temple followed by another wear but observes that Provis' a high class gentleman, his
man. past "gave him a savage air behavior is still shaped by his
that no dress could tame." He lower class, criminal background.
spends five miserable days
loathing Provis' manners, 1 2 5
wondering about Provis'
crimes, and dreaming of ways
to escape. Then, Herbert
returns from the trip he's been
on.

BOOK 3, CHAPTER 41 When Provis met him, Arthur Arthur's guilty conscience haunts
was sick and terrified by him through his visions. The
Pip escorts Provis back to a Even though Pip resents Provis,
hallucinations of an angry, woman Arthur hallucinates is
room he has rented for him he shows sympathy in trying to
broken-hearted woman all in presumably the woman that
and returns to the Temple to protect Provis from being
white threatening to cover him Compeyson schemed out of her
talk with Herbert. Herbert is arrested. Pip will refuse Provis'
in a shroud. Compeyson money.
equally horrified by Provis. The generosity from now on to
unsympathetically reminded
two hatch a plan to free Pip protect his own reputation—he 5
Arthur that "she" had a "living
from Provis: knowing that he does not want to be beholden to
body." Arthur died screaming
risked his life to come to him, a convict. Becoming a soldier will
at hallucinations of the woman.
Pip does not want to risk lower Pip's social status
angering Provis in England dramatically, but, ironically, being When Provis and Compeyson Justice is supposed to be blind,
where he might be spurred to a soldier is the only thing he were both eventually arrested but Compeyson used people's
action that would get him might be able to do because his for counterfeiting, Compeyson class prejudice to earn a lesser
arrested. Instead, he will sneak gentleman's education never insisted on "separate defenses, sentence for himself, to make it
out of the country with Provis taught him how to do anything. no communication" and Provis seem like he committed crime
and will try to explain his sold everything to hire Mr. only because he was influenced
feelings to Provis abroad. In 1 2 3 5 6 Jaggers. In court, too by the "evil" lower class
the meantime, he will stop Compeyson's lawyer Provis.
accepting Provis' money and contrasted his gentility and
will forgo his expectations, good upbringing with Provis' 1 5
hoping eventually to pay back rough, lower-class background
all the funds he's already and record of petty crimes.
received from Provis. (This will Compeyson received the
be especially difficult as Pip is lighter sentence "on account of
already deep in debt.) Pip will good character and bad
then become a soldier since he company."
has not been trained for any Provis' revenge on Compeyson
On the prison ships, Provis
trade. must occur outside of the official
managed to strike Compeyson
before escaping. Compeyson legal justice system, which
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 42 escaped too, thinking he was proved corrupt and tainted by
At breakfast the next day, Pip Provis' story raises questions running away from Provis class prejudice. Provis gives up
and Herbert ask Provis to about the relationship between without realizing Provis was his own freedom to ensure that
recount his past. Provis grew social class, crime, and justice. already on shore. After hearing Compeyson is caught—a strange
up as an orphan on the streets, Provis first became a criminal of "the other man" from Pip, kind of integrity, but integrity
committing petty crimes for simply to survive on the streets Provis found Compeyson and nonetheless.
survival. Twenty years ago, he as a neglected orphan. beat him up, determined to
drag him back to prison at the 5
met a rich, educated, Compeyson, meanwhile, was
gentleman named educated and seemed like a expense of his own freedom.
Compeyson, who was in fact a gentleman, but he used these Provis doesn't know whether
forger and counterfeiter, and traits to commit crime by choice. Compeyson is still alive now.
was the man Pip saw Provis Herbert passes Pip a note The woman in Arthur's
wrestling with in the marshes. 1 5 hallucinations must have been
telling him that Miss
Compeyson eventually Havisham's brother's name Miss Havisham!
employed Provis in his crimes, was Arthur and that her
overworking and underpaying devious fiancée was named 5
him. Compeyson and his other Compeyson.
partner, a man with the last
name of Arthur, had schemed
a large amount of money off a
rich woman in the past, but
Compeyson had squandered it
all gambling.

BOOK 3, CHAPTER 43 Pip tells Miss Havisham that Pip acts nobly and generously,
Matthew and Herbert Pocket, defending Matthew and Herbert
Pip resolves to see Estella and The fact that Estella travelled
unlike her other relations, are and requesting help for Herbert
Miss Havisham before he without him could suggest she
upright and kind. Pip asks her without hope of personal gain.
invites Provis to go abroad (on has a new travelling chaperone.
to believe in them. He also asks
the pretence of shopping for In Victorian England, a lady of 3 6
her to carry on the anonymous
more gentlemanly goods). Told her status would not be allowed
investments in Herbert's
at Richmond that Estella has to travel alone.
career that Pip can no longer
gone back to Satis House, Pip
1 afford to make. Miss Havisham
feels disconcerted—he has
does not respond.
always chaperoned her trip in
the past. Pip professes his love for Since she is unable to love, the
Estella and explains he has most generous and honest thing
Pip travels back to the village "The lady" is surely Estella. The
long refrained from courting Estella could do was to warn Pip
to visit Satis House and is fact that Drummle has come to
her directly because he not to love her.
surprised to run into Bentley see Estella at Satis House
assumed they were secretly
Drummle at the Blue Boar. suggests his courtship has gotten 3 6
betrothed. Estella replies that
The two have a standoff but serious.
she is incapable of love, that
pretend not to have one, each
1 warning Pip against loving her
refusing to budge an inch while
was the most she could do for
making small talk shoulder to
him.
shoulder in front of the hearth.
Drummle makes a show of When Pip confronts Estella Pip's love for Estella is sincere.
calling the waiter in twice to about Drummle, she tells Pip Estella's happiness is more
discuss his plans with "the she is going to marry important to him than his own.
lady." Drummle. In despair, Pip begs Miss Havisham has finally gotten
her to marry someone the revenge she craved—she has
worthier, someone who seen a man as heartbroken for
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 44
actually loves her—even Estella as she was for
Pip goes to Satis House and Though Pip was deluded in though that person will not be Compeyson. But in finally
explains to Miss Havisham and assuming Miss Havisham was his himself, Pip says he would bear achieving her goal, she feels only
Estella that he has met his patron, she helped nurture his it for her sake. Estella is terrible sadness.
patron but doesn't say who it delusions by acting dishonestly bewildered by Pip's plea, but
is. He asks Miss Havisham to and refusing to correct Pip's calmly insists she will marry 5 6
confirm four things. 1. When mistakes in order to get revenge Drummle and assures Pip he'll
Pip first began visiting her, she on her own relatives' and their get over her. Pip cries that he
considered him a servant and prying, jealous behavior. Pip is will never get over her, that
had no larger designs for him. finally escaping from his own she has always been and will
2. It was simply a coincidence delusions, learning the truth of always be a part of his very
that Mr. Jaggers worked both his past and, therefore, learning "existence." Miss Havisham
for her and for Pip's patron. 3. more about himself. watches Pip's outburst with
When Pip assumed Miss her hand over her heart and a
Havisham was his patron, she 3 5
"ghastly stare of pity and
led him on. 4. When Sarah remorse."
Pocket, Georgiana, Camilla,
and Raymond likewise Utterly dejected, Pip walks all Wemmick's note implies that Pip
assumed she was Pip's patron the way back to London to be is in danger.
and resented Pip for it, she led alone. At the gate to his home,
the porter gives him a note 5
them on in order to torment
them. Miss Havisham confirms written in Wemmick's hand
everything. that tells him not to go home.

BOOK 3, CHAPTER 45 Pip and Herbert go upstairs to In order to save Provis' life, Pip
Provis' rooms, rented under and Herbert must resort to illegal
Pip spends an anxious, Wemmick maintains his split
the name of "Mr. Campbell". measures to get him out of the
sleepless night at a hotel. In personality even in the face of
When Provis hears about the country. They can't trust the
the morning, he goes to danger. The mysterious man in
spy, he agrees with Pip and institutions of justice to actually
Walworth where Wemmick the hallway must have been
Wemmick's plan that he must provide justice. Just as Pip
(speaking in code to avoid Compeyson's spy. If Compeyson
go abroad. Herbert suggests helped Provis by doing
mixing Walworth and Little knows that Provis is in London,
that he and Pip help Provis something illegal as a boy, he is
Britain) tells Pip he wrote the Provis is in danger.
escape by rowing him up the now doing the same thing as an
note after overhearing in
3 5 river in Pip's boat. They resolve adult, though now he is doing it
Newgate Prison that
to begin rowing by Provis' not out of simple generosity but
Compeyson knows Provis is in also because he wants to hide his
window regularly, so as to
London and has had Pip's association with Provis.
establish a habit and prevent
apartment watched. Pip
suspicion on the day they
connects this news to the 3 5
escape. In the meantime,
stranger lurking in his hallway
Provis will signal his safety by
a few days before.
drawing his window blind.
Immediately after hearing the Herbert continues to prove Despite their plan, Pip worries
news, Wemmick enlisted himself a loyal friend, generously for Provis' safety and
Herbert to arrange a hiding putting himself in danger in order constantly fears he is being
place for Provis. Herbert has to protect Provis. Pip's watched.
taken Provis to rent a room in "gentlemanly" behavior of
Clara's building by the river. wasting money on luxury goods, BOOK 3, CHAPTER 47
Pip has never been there which he thought would make
because Clara does not him look good, has given him a Pip passes several anxious Despite the fact that Pip is
approve of Herbert and Pip's bad reputation in Clara's eyes. weeks heartbroken by Estella desperate for money to pay his
friendship, thinking Pip a bad and worried about Provis. debts, he refuses to take Provis'
influence on Herbert's 3 6 Deeply in debt, Pip owes money, choosing to prioritize his
finances. Wemmick advises Pip creditors but gives Provis' personal integrity over his
to "lay hold of [Provis'] unopened pocketbook to financial needs. Yet the reason he
portable property" as soon as Herbert to hold onto. Pip will doesn't want Provis's money is
possible in order to protect it. not use Provis' money, certain because he is embarrassed of
that he would be "a heartless Provis.
fraud" to use it considering
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 46 how he feels about Provis' 3 6
That night, Pip goes to Clara's Although Mr. Barley is Clara's patronage.
apartment and meets Herbert, parent by birth, her landlady is a Mr. Wopsle's decline and dashed
Pip frequently rows on the
who explains that the racket far more nurturing guardian.
river. Coming back on shore expectations in London can be
upstairs comes from Clara's seen as a comic shadow of Pip's
4 one night near Mr. Wopsle's
father, Mr. Barley, who is own.
theater, Pip decides to go see
drunken, gout-ridden,
Mr. Wopsle's show. Pip has
bellowing, and cruel. Herbert 2
heard that Mr. Wopsle has
and Clara have confided their
fallen into decline as an actor
engagement only to Mrs.
and indeed his show is a
Whimple, Clara's "motherly"
ridiculous farce.
landlady.

After the show, Mr. Wopsle Even at Pip's calmest moments, Walking alone with Wemmick Molly's trial bears an
approaches Pip and tells him danger lurks right over his after dinner, Pip finds out that uncomfortable resemblance to
that the other convict from the shoulder. Compeyson, a Wemmick has never seen Compeyson's. As in Compeyson's
marshes (Compeyson) has seasoned criminal, has schemed Estella and asks Wemmick to case, the court is convinced of
been sitting behind Pip's his way into Pip's life in spite of recount Molly's history. About Molly's innocence based on her
shoulder during the play. Pip is Pip's attempts to be careful. twenty years ago, she had appearance rather than on hard
terrified, though he tries to been accused of strangling a evidence. Mr. Jaggers' bragged
conceal his fear from Mr. 5 much larger woman who may about Molly's wrists in Chapter
Wopsle. Back at the have had an affair with Molly's 26, suggesting he has always
apartment, Pip tells Herbert husband. At the time, Molly known that she was strong
and sends the news by post to was living on the streets as the enough to strangle someone. Did
Wemmick. He tries to live fiery, jealous wife of an older Mr. Jaggers' win an acquittal for
even more cautiously. husband. All evidence pointed a guilty woman, in the case that
to Molly's guilt but Mr. made his reputation and built his
Jaggers' defended her and practice? Is his law firm built on
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 48
won her acquittal by making protecting criminals from justice?
Coming ashore one night a More evidence of the relish Mr. her wear clothes that made
week later, Pip runs into Mr. Jaggers' takes in those parts of her arms look so delicate that 1 5
Jaggers, who invites Pip home human nature that are furthest she would appear incapable of
to dinner with him and from integrity or generosity, the strangling someone. He also
Wemmick. Mr. Jaggers' kinds of behaviors that feed his attributed the scratches on the
informs Pip that Miss law practice and make him backs of her hands to
Havisham has requested that money. brambles. The court thought
Pip visit her. To Pip's great the scratches were her toddler
discomfort, Mr. Jaggers' then 3 5
daughter's, whom they
talks about Drummle, "the suspected she had murdered
Spider," and his recent to get revenge on her husband.
marriage to Estella. Mr. Jaggers' responded that the
Jaggers' speculates that potential murder of the child
Drummle may lose Estella was not the crime on trial. The
because of his dull wits, though case made Mr. Jaggers'
he could keep her through reputation. Molly had been his
strength (by beating her). Mr. maid ever since.
Jaggers describes Drummle as
the sort of man who either
"beats" or "cringes."
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 49
Next day, Pip visits Miss Miss Havisham wants to redeem
Watching Molly wait on them, Pip was likely unable to make the
Havisham, who is melancholy her image in Pip's eyes by proving
Pip suddenly realizes to his connection between Molly and
and distracted and tells him she is capable of generosity.
amazement that she is the Estella before because they
she wants to show Pip that she
person Estella has continually seemed so different from one 3 6
"is not all stone" by helping him
reminded him of. He sees how another in terms of class or
help Herbert. She agrees to
much they look like each other background.
anonymously supply nine
and feels sure that Molly is
1 4 hundred pounds towards
Estella's mother.
Herbert's career.

Showing tender concern for Pip's readiness to forgive Miss Pip takes a farewell walk There is an implication that Miss
Pip's unhappiness, Miss Havisham shows he has matured around the grounds and, Havisham is trying to kill herself.
Havisham hopes Pip will as a character. His own struggles seeing again his childhood The sight of Pip and Miss
someday be able to write out "I have made him more vision of Miss Havisham Havisham wrestling each other
forgive her" under her name. compassionate and less hanging from a brewery beam, recalls Provis and Compeyson's
Pip responds that he can begrudging. He is more like the returns upstairs to check on struggle on the marshes. In
forgive her now, that he has kind, gentle boy he once was. her one last time before saving Miss Havisham from the
made far too many of his own leaving. There, sparks from the fire, Pip symbolically also frees
mistakes to begrudge Miss 5 6 hearth set Miss Havisham on her from her bitterness and
Havisham hers. fire and Pip tackles her to kill anger, as the wedding gown that
the flames, burning his arms. she has worn for the twenty
Miss Havisham kneels at Pip's Watching Pip express such
On the ground, the two years since her betrayal by
feet crying "What have I selfless compassion rekindled a
struggle "like desperate Compeyson burns away. As Miss
done!" She tells him that sense of compassion in Miss
enemies." All of Miss Havisham's pleas for forgiveness
witnessing him profess his true Havisham herself—generosity
Havisham's wedding clothes indicate, the vengeful part of her
love for Estella reminded her breeds generosity; integrity
are burned away but she has died in the fire.
of the true love she herself felt inspires integrity. She regrets
survives, albeit with injuries.
in the past and made her having raised Estella as a puppet, 2 5
Lying in semi-conscious
realize she had raised Estella with no life or heart of her own,
delirium all night, Miss
wrongly. She tells Pip that she to play out her own revenge
Havisham repeatedly asks for
had originally only meant to fantasy.
Pip's forgiveness.
save the girl from her own
misery, but had gradually done 2 4 5 6
worse as Estella grew older, BOOK 3, CHAPTER 50
depriving Estella of a human Pip returns to London, where Provis' generosity towards Pip
heart. Herbert tells Pip about a story was inspired by true paternal
Pip asks about Estella's past. Miss Havisham may not know he had heard from Provis the love. Meanwhile, the threads of
Miss Havisham tells him Mr. who Estella's parents are, but Mr. night before. About twenty the novel are all coming together,
Jaggers brought Estella to Jaggers probably does... years ago, Provis had a young, as it is now clear that Molly is
Satis House after Miss fiery, jealous wife who Provis's former wife and that...
Havisham asked him to find 4 strangled another woman to
death and threatened to 4 5 6
her an orphan girl. She does
not know whose Estella's birth murder their toddler daughter,
parents are. which Provis believes she did.
During his wife's murder trial
with Mr. Jaggers, he hid to
spare her his damning
testimony about the murdered
child. Compeyson had used his
knowledge of the
circumstances to blackmail
Provis into working harder for
even less pay. Part of Provis'
tenderness towards young Pip
was nostalgia for his own child.

Pip realizes that Provis is ...Provis' daughter is alive after Mr. Jaggers insists on Mr. Jaggers' makes a distinction
Estella's father and tells all—she's Estella! Not how it does describing "the case" entirely between acting honestly and
Herbert. not even occur to Pip that this hypothetically, and says he acting with integrity. He argues
now makes Estella somehow of admits "nothing." Without that telling the whole truth may
lesser birth than even he is. She's naming names, he describes not be the most generous course
the daughter of a criminal, after the possibility of having given of action in this case.
all. His love for her makes such the child of a murderer to a
thoughts inapplicable. rich woman to save the child 3 6
from the rough world the
1 2 4 mother lived in, telling her that
her child would be saved
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 51 regardless of the mother's
fate, and that he had used the
Pip goes to Mr. Jagger's office As usual, Mr. Jaggers' tries to
mother's concern for her child
and collects Miss Havisham's avoid any interaction with
to keep her docile and calm,
money for Herbert. Pip tells human emotion. Yet, this time,
that the mother knew nothing
Mr. Jaggers' that he not only Pip won't let him get away with
of her husband. Mr. Jaggers'
knows who Estella's mother is, it, calling on Mr. Jaggers' to
then asks Pip who he would
but who her father is too. Pip honor his honesty as a matter of
hypothetically benefit by
can tell from Mr. Jaggers' dignity and calling on
revealing his news, as it could
surprise that he hadn't known Wemmick's Walworth
only bring harm and disgrace
about Provis. Still, Mr. Jaggers' personality for support. And Pip
to mother, father, and
tries to ignore Pip's news and wins out, his own integrity
daughter. Mr. Jaggers then
goes right back to work with overcoming Jagger's dedication
restores his professional
Wemmick, Pip makes a to cold, hard business.
persona and gets back to
"passionate, almost an
3 4 business.
indignant appeal to him" to
confide in Pip as Pip has in him,
to honor Pip's love for Estella. BOOK 3, CHAPTER 52
Pip then entreats Wemmick to A few weeks pass until, one Startop proves he is a generous
side with him, calling on Monday morning, Pip receives friend, willing to assist Pip and
Wemmick's "gentle heart" and a letter from Wemmick Herbert even in suspect
"cheerful playful ways" at insinuating that it might be activities.
home. Mr. Jaggers is shocked possible to escape with Provis
to hear about Wemmick's that Wednesday. Because Pip 5 6
home life. He consents to is still recovering from his
share his knowledge with Pip. burns, he and Herbert arrange
for Startop to help them row
up the river beyond
Gravesend. They will there
meet a foreign steamer leaving
London and Provis and Pip will
climb aboard.

After Pip goes out to secure The writer of the letter seems far BOOK 3, CHAPTER 53
passports, he comes home to a more capable of inflicting harm
That night Pip walks out onto The intensity of Orlick's
threatening anonymous letter than he does of offering useful
the marshes where he is resentment for Pip comes as a
telling him to meet the writer information. Pip's lie to Herbert
ambushed by Orlick and tied surprise. Pip had no idea Orlick
in secret on the marshes in places himself at risk.
up. Orlick gloats that he lured had been plotting his revenge on
order to get information about
3 5 Pip out on the marshes in Pip for so long nor that his
"your Uncle Provis." Convinced
order to kill him as revenge for violence towards Mrs. Joe was
by the mention of Provis' name
costing him his job as Miss done to hurt Pip. Orlick is filled
that he must obey, Pip writes
Havisham's porter and for with a kind of hatred and
Herbert a note saying that he
coming between him and resentment that mirrors Miss
is going to check on Miss
Biddy. He adds that it was Pip Havisham's, but as a man Orlick
Havisham and travels to the
who's to blame for Mrs. Joe expresses that hatred through
village.
getting clubbed, because it violence.
In the village, Pip stays at an Mr. Pumblechook and Joe are was Pip being treated as a
inn where he isn't known. The opposites. Pumblechook is false favorite at the forge that 5
oblivious landlord tells Pip and self-serving, always making caused Orlick to club her. He
Uncle Pumblechook's version himself look like a good generous tells Pip he has long plotted to
of Pip's story in which Pip person. Joe, meanwhile, is kill Pip out of resentment. He
returns to the village to visit genuinely generous, and as such plans to dissolve Pip's corpse
his "great friends" but never tries to make himself seem in the nearby limekiln so as to
ungratefully neglects "the man generous. Joe doesn't care how leave no trace. Pip is consumed
that made him," Mr. he seems; only how he is. by thoughts of friends and
Pumblechook. Pip is overcome family he will not get to say
with sympathy for Joe, who 3 6 goodbye to or to ask
never complains and seems forgiveness of.
"truer" and "nobler" to Pip as
Orlick tells Pip that he now Now that Orlick has fallen into a
he compares him with
works for Compeyson, who is criminal career, his malicious
Pumblechook's falseness and
going to make sure to get rid of work matches his malicious
meanness.
Provis. The stranger in the personality.
dark hall outside Pip's
apartment was Orlick. Spying 5
on Pip to plot his own revenge,
Orlick overheard Provis' story
and reported it to Compeyson.

As Orlick readies his stone Herbert and Startop continue to BOOK 3, CHAPTER 54
hammer to strike, Pip screams prove their virtue as generous
Wednesday morning, Pip, Customs house officers sail the
and Trabb's Boy, Herbert, and and compassionate friends.
Herbert, and Startop pick up Thames searching for illegal
Startop rush in to tackle Orlick
6 Provis in the boat and head activity. If they detect the boys'
and rescue Pip. Orlick
upriver. The boys are anxious plot, Provis will surely be sent to
disappears into the night. Pip
but Provis is calm and jail.
passes out and, when he
delighted to be outside, saying
comes round, Herbert explains 5
imprisonment has given him
how he had found Orlick's
the greatest appreciation for
note in their apartment in
freedom. After a long day on
London where Pip had
the river, they stop for the
accidentally left it. Disturbed
night at a public house where
by its tone, Herbert and
they hear about a four-oared
Startop had followed Pip to the
galley with two suspicious-
village and had Trabb's Boy
seeming passengers. The man
lead them out to the limekiln
who describes them suspects
where they'd come to the
the men were disguised
rescue as soon as they heard
custom house officers. Pip,
screams.
Herbert, Startop, and Provis
When Pip recounts Orlick's Two examples of incomplete have all been wary of being
story, Herbert wants to go attempts at serving justice: the followed and are disturbed by
immediately to the magistrate boys neglect to report Orlick to this news. While the others are
and get out a warrant for him. the police and Trabb's Boy seems sleeping that night, Pip can see
But Pip is anxious to get back unable to appreciate Pip's through his window that two
to London to prepare for attempt to do justice by him. men are examining his boat.
Provis' escape on Wednesday,
and they decide to delay 5
pursuing Orlick till later. Pip
pays Trabb's Boy and
apologizes for having thought
ill of him (Trabb's Boy ignores
the apology and takes the
money). They return to
London where Pip spends
Tuesday recovering from the
ordeal. His burned arm is still
in pain but, by Wednesday
morning, he feels stronger and
ready to carry out their plan.

Next morning, Pip, Herbert, Provis finally has his revenge on On the boat back to London, Further evidence of Pip's growth:
Startop, and Provis row Compeyson just at the moment Provis advises Pip to leave him he is no longer worried about
further upriver, meeting the that Compeyson thinks he is for "it's best as a gentleman" protecting his public reputation
scheduled steamer that Pip getting his (unjust) revenge on not to be publicly associated as a gentleman and instead
and Provis plan to flag down, Provis. Yet, as on the marshes at with Provis. Pip refuses, telling prioritizes loyalty to personal
climb aboard, and ride out of novel's start, Provis must pay for Provis, "I will be as true to you relationships. He has also
England. The steamer, though, revenge with both his own as you have been to me." Pip learned that one does not always
is late and, just as Pip and freedom and the money he has realizes that all of the money need to tell the whole truth if you
Provis are bidding the others earned over the years and Provis saved for Pip will now are acting conscientiously to
goodbye, the four-oared galley planned to use to turn himself be confiscated by the crown protect another person.
they'd heard about pulls up into a gentleman. but resolves not to tell Provis
alongside them and one of the in order to protect Provis' 1 2 3 6
two passengers—a customs 1 5 dreams of "enriching" Pip.
officer - identifies Provis as
Abel Magwitch, and demands BOOK 3, CHAPTER 55
that he surrender. Provis leans
across and pulls the cloak off Back in London, Pip retains Mr. Mr. Jaggers' and Compeyson
the other man on board the Jaggers for Provis' defense. may have been concerned with
galley—it is Compeyson. Mr. Jaggers is mightily Provis' fortune, but Pip is able to
Compeyson staggers disappointed in Pip for not rise above financial concerns.
overboard, Provis falls with securing Provis' fortune ahead
of time from confiscation, but 2 5
him, and Pip's boat overturns
and sinks. Everyone but Pip is unconcerned.
Compeyson manages to climb Compeyson's corpse is found
aboard the galley. Provis, badly on the river with notes
injured, describes how he indicating he had hoped to be
wrestled underwater with rewarded money from Provis'
Compeyson. Back on shore, all fortune. Provis' trial is set for a
of Provis' date one month away.
possessions—including the Herbert reveals that he is Herbert hesitates in offering Pip
pocket book full of money—are being transferred to a branch a clerk position because taking it
confiscated. of his merchant's house in would mean a decline in status
The customs officer gives Pip Pip has finally matured out of his Cairo (which Pip, of course, for Pip, and Pip has until now
permission to accompany superficial class-consciousness already secretly knows, since cared a lot about status. At the
Provis back to London. Pip and is able to recognize Provis' he arranged it). Herbert invites same time, the offer shows how
does his best to nurse Provis' immense generosity and Pip to come and live with him Pip's own generosity to Herbert
wounds and comfort him. All of kindness. And in doing so, he can and Clara and work at the has, without Herbert even
his "repugnance" for Provis has also see the ways in which he counting house as a clerk (a knowing it, come back to
"melted away" and he sees him himself has been unkind. position Herbert offers potentially repay Pip. Pip refuses
now as a kind, loyal, generous sheepishly). Pip is grateful, but the offer for now not out of any
man, "a much better man than I 2 6 says he needs several months care of his reputation, but
had been to Joe." to decide—to continue to keep because he wants to help Provis
Provis company and to tend to and better understand his own
"a vague something lingering in thoughts, i.e. relearn about
my thoughts." himself.
1 3 6

Herbert says he will soon Herbert's comment is sarcastic: Court procedure entails Provis was "almost from infancy"
marry Clara Ð Clara's father is Mrs. Pocket would unhappy, to announcing all the death an offender against the laws,
nearly dead—and is delighted say the least, to hear about the sentences together on one because he had no other way to
by her lack of not just a title marriage. day. In court, Pip and a large survive. The law seems like it was
but any family at all, joking, audience of onlookers watch almost designed to force Provis,
"What a fortune for the son of 1 4 Provis stand among thirty-two who Pip now knows as a good-
my mother!" other men and women hearted and kind man, to
condemned to death. The become a criminal. The people in
Later that week, Wemmick Compeyson is a savvy schemer,
judge singles out Provis, the court watch the death
visits Pip to apologize for the which helps account for his past
describing him as one who sentences—the end of a man's
failure of his escape plan—he success as a criminal.
"almost from his infancy had life—with the same response they
realizes that Compeyson must
5 been an offender against the might give to the weekly sermon
have planted rumors that he
laws." Provis—described as at church, or any other
was out of London so that
"the prisoner"—responds, "My experience. The law, it is clear,
Wemmick would overhear and
Lord, I have received my does not have a conscience.
advise Pip to enact his plan.
sentence of death from the
Wemmick asks Pip to join him Perhaps the most extreme Almighty, but I bow to yours." 5
for a walk that Monday. The example of Wemmick's rigidly After the sentencing, the
walk, it turns out, leads to divided work and home lives. He audience rises to leave and
Wemmick's wedding to Miss doesn't even hint to Pip that the rearranges their clothes, "as
Skiffins, which he has planned walk will lead to his wedding, or they might at church or
to seem completely want anyone at work to even elsewhere."
spontaneous. Pip is the best know about it.
Pip writes petitions to every The parable Pip thinks of
man and the Aged gives Miss
3 4 authority he can think of to contrasts self-righteousness and
Skiffins away. Wemmick asks
appeal Provis' sentence, and self-importance with humility
Pip not to mention the
hopes that Provis will die on and admitting one's own sins.
wedding in Little Britain.
his own before he is hanged. The parable points out the
The prison officer and other virtues of the latter, virtues
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 56 prisoners are kind to Provis Provis himself possesses. Provis,
In the prison infirmary, Provis Provis may be legally guilty of and nurse him. Provis dies ten though he never becomes a
lies sick and wounded but escaping from New South Wales days later with Pip at his side. gentleman, does die peacefully as
uncomplaining. Pip stays by his but, because he escaped out of He is calm, and grateful for himself (as opposed to getting
side as long as he is allowed to love for Pip, he is morally Pip's loyalty even in hard times. hanged publicly and painfully as
each day. In court, Provis is innocent. His last words: "I don't a criminal), and is, in a sense,
swiftly found guilty of having complain of [pain], dear boy." reunited with his daughter
run away from his sentence in 3 5 Just before he dies, Pip through Pip's generosity.
New South Wales. whispers in Provis' ear that his
daughter is alive with powerful 3 5 6
friends and that Pip loves her.
Provis kisses Pip's hand and
dies in peace. Pip thinks of the
parable of the two men at the
Temple and prays for heavenly
mercy for Provis.

BOOK 3, CHAPTER 57 As Pip grows stronger, Joe While Pip was sick, he reverted to
becomes less comfortable his childhood dependency on
Pip is deep in debt. In the days Joe's generosity is boundless.
around him. While Pip was Joe. Pip and Joe's relationship
after Provis' death, Pip falls Unlike so many other characters,
weak, Joe called him "old Pip, likewise reverted to the old
deliriously ill. Two creditors he holds no grudges. Though Pip
old chap," as he had in Pip's familiarity and comfort. Yet, once
come to his apartment to spurned Joe when he was rich,
childhood, but the day Pip is Pip gets well, he again becomes
arrest him for debt but Pip, too Joe has rescued him when his
strong enough to walk on his the independent adult who
sick to move, suffers feverish fortune fell away.
own again, Joe calls him "sir." abandoned Joe, and the two
hallucinations. When he next
4 6 Pip is ashamed that his reenter the fraught relationship
gains consciousness, weeks
behavior in the past has they've had in the recent past.
have passed and Joe is at his Joe meanwhile, generously paid
warranted Joe's wariness.
side, having nursed him off the debts Pip was too
When Joe is certain that Pip is
through his sickness. Pip is ashamed to ever mention.
nearly well, he leaves without
ashamed, feeling he doesn't
warning and Pip wakes up to a
deserve Joe's kindness, but 3 6
note explaining that Joe
Joe is warm and loving and
doesn't wish do "intrude."
holds no grudge. Biddy has
Enclosed in the note is a
taught Joe to write and he
receipt for Pip's debts, which
updates her on Pip's state by
Joe has paid off unbeknownst
letter.
to Pip, who thought Joe didn't
Joe updates Pip on the village Miss Havisham's generosity know about them.
news: Miss Havisham has died towards Matthew Pocket
Pip is eager to thank Joe and Pip's moral development is
and left a large sum of money complements Pip's towards
to apologize to him. He is also complete. He is finally able to
to Matthew Pocket, crediting Herbert. Orlick also reaps what
eager to propose to Biddy, recognize his own errors and to
Pip's account of Matthew's he sowed, while Pumblechook is
whose goodness he wants value internal rather than
character. She has left also punished (though the
hereafter to be guided by. Pip superficial worth.
insultingly small amounts of punishment seems rather harsh).
resolves to work in the forge
money to all her other
or at any trade Biddy sees fit. 2 3
relatives, leaving the bulk of 6
After a few days, he makes a
her fortune to Estella. Orlick is
trip to the village.
in jail for robbing and torturing
Uncle Pumblechook.
BOOK 3, CHAPTER 58
Pip and Joe spend the days of Joe's belief that Pip need not
come clean about all the details News of Pip's fall from fortune As superficial villagers began to
Pip's recovery in tender
of the past presents a parallel Mr. has preceded him to the village fawn over Pip as soon as they
companionship. Pip has lost all
Jaggers' lecture that complete and the staff at the Blue Boar heard bout Pip's rise in fortune,
pretense around Joe and is
honesty is not, ultimately, the treats him indifferently where they will now spurn him again
wholly loving. When Pip, not
measure of compassion and it had once treated him once they hear of his decline.
knowing how much Joe knows
generosity. Instead, following lavishly. Pip doesn't mind. They cared for his money, not for
of his recent affairs, broaches
one's conscience in order to Uncle Pumblechook makes a him. Pip now realizes it is only his
the subject of Provis, Joe
protect and help those you love great, obnoxious show of true friends who cared for him,
brushes it off, telling Pip that
is. pitying Pip's new and that was regardless of his
Biddy has convinced him not
circumstances, then money.
to dwell on "unnecessary
subjects" and emphasizes that 3 pontificating loudly on Pip's
ingratitude when Pip says he 1 3
he and Pip are "ever the best of
friends." has come to see Joe. Uncle
Pumblechook proceeds to
spread rumors about how
ungrateful Pip was to
Pumblechook's generosity.

Pip walks to the forge, excited Planning to propose to Biddy, Pip BOOK 3, CHAPTER 59
to be back and delighted to see has, ironically, walked in on her
Pip does not return to England Joe and Biddy's family provides
the old familiar landscape. wedding day. Joe and Biddy's
for eleven years. He comes the novel's first model of a
Upon returning home he marriage unites the novel's two
back to the forge one night in functional and compassionate
discovers that Joe and Biddy moral heroes. But Pip reacts not
December and finds Joe and two-parent household. And Pip is
have just been married that with anger or dismay or
Biddy sitting happily at the a part of this family, too, with no
morning. They are overjoyed resentment, but rather heartfelt
hearth with their young son further feelings of needing to
to see Pip and Pip joy at the happiness his two great
Pip. Pip gets along famously improve himself or leave this
congratulates them both friends have found in each other.
with little Pip. Biddy coaxes Pip "commonness" behind.
tenderly and thanks them both He responds to their endless
generosity to him with generosity to marry and, when Pip says he
for all they have done for him. 2 4
of his own. is settled in bachelorhood, asks
He tells them that he is going
about Estella. Pip says he no
abroad and will earn the
3 6 longer pines for her.
money to repay Joe, though he
will always be indebted to Still, Pip secretly wishes to Estella has acquired humanity
them. He asks them not to tell revisit the site of Satis House and integrity through suffering.
their future child of his prior for Estella's sake. He has The last line of the ending is
ingratitude but only of his heard that she has been ambiguous—it's unclear whether
respect for them both. abused by and separated from or not Pip and Estella go on to
Drummle, who has since died. marry or whether they simply
Pip moves to Cairo and joins Pip and Herbert may not be
Pip walks to the site in the stay friends. This ending is a
Clarriker & Co. as a clerk, living gentlemen of leisure, but they
misty dusk and finds only the revision of Dickens' original
with Herbert and Clara who become respectably middle-class
garden wall still standing. He is ending in which Pip and Estella's
have married after Mr. merchants of comfortable
stunned to find Estella herself final meeting definitely doesn't
Barley's death. Years go by and means—model participants in
walking the grounds. She, too, result in their marriage. Dickens
Pip eventually becomes a the Victorian era's capitalist
has never been back until this rewrote the ending after the
partner in the house and economy. Pip realizes his earlier
night, though the grounds are public was unhappy with the
repays his debts. He maintains assessment of Herbert was
her only remaining possession. first, and this second, happier
close correspondence with Joe based on his false ideas about
She tells Pip she has thought of ending, is the one published as
and Biddy. Eventually,, social class, not a true measure
him often and has regretted the real ending in most versions
Clarriker reveals Pip's secret of Herbert's abilities. And Pip's
throwing his love away. She of the novel.
investment in Herbert and generosity is paid for by
Herbert's gratefulness and says suffering has given her a
Herbert is surprised but 3
friendship. human heart. They walk out
wholly grateful. The firm
together in the rising mist and
prospers admirably, though
1 2 6 Pip says he "saw no shadow of
not excessively, and Pip
another parting from her."
wonders how he could ever
have doubted Herbert's ability
to succeed in life.
HOW T
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MLA CIT
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Ross, Margaret. "Great Expectations." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 16
Sep 2013. Web. 26 Oct 2016.
CHICA
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MANUAL
AL CIT
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Ross, Margaret. "Great Expectations." LitCharts LLC, September
16, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2016. http://www.litcharts.com/
lit/great-expectations.

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HISTORICAL CONTEXT EXTRA CREDIT

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BOOK 1, CHAPTER 19 QUOTES •Speak

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BOOK 3, CHAPTER 44 QUOTES BOOK 3, CHAPTER 58 QUOTES

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