NUMERACY REVIEWER

KEY POINTS

1) Place Value of a Number

Example problems:
Find the place value of the colored digit in each number.
a) 4157.0273 Answer: Thousandths
b) 2305624 Answer: Millions
c) 725.20651 Answer: Hundred Thousandths
d) 2514.025 Answer: Tens
e) 34.2713 Answer: Tenths

Write the following sentences in numbers.

a) Two million five hundred sixteen thousand six and twenty – one hundredth.
Answer: 2 516 006.21
b) Seven hundred thirty – five thousand four hundred eleven and four hundred fifty – three thousandths.
Answer: 735 411.453
c) Five billion three hundred seventy – eight thousand ninety – two and eleven thousand three hundred
fifty – six hundred-thousandths.
Answer: 5 000 378 092.11356

Write the following numbers in words/ as a sentence.

a) 254.056 Answer: Two hundred fifty – four and fifty – six thousandths.
b) 5 642.45 Answer: Five thousand six hundred forty – two and forty – five hundredths.
c) 63.0347 Answer: Sixty – three and three hundred forty – seven ten thousandths.
d) 705.000023 Answer: Seven hundred five and twenty – three millionths.
e) 0.002 Answer: Two thousandths.

2) Roman Numerals
I–1 Examples:
V–5
X – 10 78 = LXXVIII MI = 1001
L – 50 174 = CLXXIV ML = 1050
C – 100 799 = DCCLCIX MCMXCIX = 1999
D – 500 1989 = MCMLXXXIX MMD = 2500
M – 1000 2564 = MMDLXIV XVII = 17

3) Decimal to Percentage/Percentage to Decimal

Percentage to decimal – divide the percentage by 100%
Examples

73 %
73% = =0.73
100 %
62.5 %
62.5% = =0.625
100 %
8.47 %
8.47% = =0.0847
100 %

Decimal to Percentage – Multiply the decimal to 100%

Examples

0.23 = 0.23 ×100 %=23 %

0.569 = 0.569 ×100 %=56.9 %
 0.078 = 0.078 ×100 %=7.8 %

4) Operation on Decimals (Addition/Subtraction/Division/Multiplication)

Addition/Subtraction
Examples:
a) 128.75 + 79.81 = _______
Solution: 1 1 1
128.75 (Align the decimal points. Add the usual way.)
+ 79.81
208.56

b) 54.058 + 218.52 c) 95.527 – 68.71 d) 175.06 – 83.259

Solution: 1 Solution: 8 14 15 Solution: 4 10 5 10
54.058 95.527 175.060
+ 218.52 −¿ 68.71 −¿ 83.259
272.578 26.817 91.801

Multiplication
Examples:
a) 25.61 × 3.2 = ________ b) 31.052 × 1.7 c. 6.3 × 2.74
Solution: (Do the usual multiplication technique.)
1 1 4 2
1 1 3 1 2 1
25.61 31.052 2.74
× 3.2 × 1.7 × 6.3
1 5122 217364 1 822
+¿ 7683 +¿ 31052 +¿ 1644
81.952 52.7884 17.262

Division:

5) Fractions
A. Representations
Represent the shaded region of the following figures using a fraction.
Examples
a) c)
3 3
¿ ¿
4 8

5 5
b) ¿ d) ¿
8 6

B. Lowest term
Examples
8 4 15 3 9 1 16 2 20 5
a) → b) → c) → d) → e) →
10 5 25 5 27 3 24 3 28 7

C. Fraction to decimal (Common fractions and their equivalent decimal form)

Examples
1 1 1 1 2
a) =0.5 b) =0.33 … c) =0.25 d) =0.125 e) =0.67
2 3 4 8 3

3 2 3 1 4
f) =0.75 g) =0.4 h) =0.6 i) =0.2 j) =0.8
4 5 5 5 5
 D. Decimal to Fractions
Examples
a) 0.45 b) 0.2 c) 0.06
Solution: Solution: Solution:
100 45 9 10 2 1
0.45 × = → 0.2 × = →
100 100 20 10 10 5
100 6 3
0.06 × = →
100 100 50
E. LCD or LCM (Least Common Denominator/Least Common Multiple)
Examples:
a) Find the LCM of 8 and 12.
Solution: (Think of a number that can be used to divide both the given numbers. Divide until you
can no longer do it. Multiply the results.)

4 8 12
2 3 LCM = 4 ×2 ×3=24
1
∧3
b) Find the LCD of 6 .
4
Solution:
2 6 4
3 2 LCD = 2 ×3 ×2=12
F. GCF or Greatest Common Factor
Examples:
a) Find the GCF of the numbers 30 and 45.
Solution: (Apply the same technique used in finding the LCM. Multiply the result in the left side
only.)

5 30 45
3 6 9
2 3 GCF = 5 ×3=15

b) Find the GCF of 16, 24, and 32

Solution:
4 16 24 32
2 4 6 8
2 3 4 GCF = 4 ×2=8

6) Operations on Fractions
A. Addition/Subtraction of Fractions (Butterfly Method)
Examples:
3 2 3 (3 )+ 4 (2) 9+8 17 4 5 4 ( 6 ) +8(5) 24+ 40 64 4
a) + = = = b) + = = = →
4 3 4 (3) 12 12 8 6 8(6) 48 48 3

7 2 7 ( 5 ) −8(2) 35−16 19 6 5 6 ( 8 )−4 ( 5 ) 48−20 28 7

c) − = = = d) − = = = →
8 5 8(5) 40 40 4 8 4 ( 8) 32 32 8

B. Multiplication (Multiply the numerators, multiply the denominators then simplify if necessary.)
Examples:
2 6 2(6) 12 3 3 5 3 ( 5 ) 15 5
a) × = = → b) × = = →
5 8 5(8) 40 10 7 9 7 ( 9 ) 63 21

C. Division (take the reciprocal of the divisor, change the operation to multiplication, multiply then
simplify.)
Examples:
8 4 8 6 8 ( 6 ) 48 4 5 7 5 8 5 (8) 4 0 4
a) ÷ = × = = → b) ÷ = × = = →
9 6 9 4 9 ( 4 ) 36 3 10 8 10 7 10 (7) 70 7

7) Areas and Perimeter of basic Geometric Figures.

Formula
Geometric Figure
Area Perimeter
2
Square s or side× side 4 s or 4 × side
Rectangle l ×w (Length × width) 2 l+ 2 w
 1 1
Triangle bh ( base × height) a+ b+c
2 2

Examples:
A. Find the area and perimeter of a square with side measuring 5 meters.
Solution: Area = s2 Perimeter = 4 s
2
Area = (5) P = 4 (5)
A = 5 ×5 P = 20 m
A = 25 m2

B. Find the area and perimeter of a rectangle whose length is 6 cm and width is 4 cm.
Area = l ×w Perimeter = 2 l+ 2 w
A = 6×4 P = 2(6)+2( 4)
2
A = 24 cm P = 12+8
P = 20 cm
C. Find the area and perimeter of the right triangle below.

1
Area = bh Perimeter = a+ b+c
2
10 cm
8 cm 1
A= ( 6) ( 8) P = 6+ 8+10
2

48
A= P = 24 cm
6 cm 2
A = 24 c m2

8) Problem Solving
a) How many fours are there in 64?
Solution: 64 ÷ 4 = 16

b) There are 46 students in a class, 60% of which are female. How many males are there in the class?
Solution: Female = 60%
F = 46 × 60%
F = 46 × 0.6
F = 27.6 or 28 females
Therefore, there are 46 – 28 males in the class.
M = 46 – 28
M = 18 males

c) Complete the equation 67.5−¿ ¿ 58.75

Solution: 5 1614 10
67.50
– 58.75
8.75

d) A car is moving at a speed of 70 kilometers per hour. How much distance will it travel after 4 hours?
Solution:
Distance = Speed × Time
D = 70 km/hr × 4 hr
D = 280 kilometers

e) A price money amounting to ₱6, 000.00 is to be divided into 5 members of the team who won the
dance competition. How much will each member receive?
Solution:
M = 6000 ÷ 5
M = ₱1, 200.00

f) Maria sells pandesal for 3 pesos each. How many pandesal did she sell if she already has ₱273.00?
(Assuming she did not bring any money before selling pandesal.)
Solution:
P = 273 ÷ 3
P = 91 pcs of pandesal

g) Paul got the grades of 87, 88, 91 and 89 in his 4 subjects. What grade must he get in the fifth subject
to have an average of 90%?
Solution:

8 7+88+91+ 8 9+ x
=90
5

355+ x=90(5)
x=450−355
x=95