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CEMENT BOND
LOGGING TOOLS-SLB
q Evaluation of cement quality
q Determination of zone isolation
q Location of cement top
 CEMENT BOND LOGGING TOOLS
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Ø Cement bond tools measure bond between casing & cement
placed in annulus between casing & the wellbore.
Ø Measurement made by using acoustic sonic & ultrasonic tools.
Ø Sonic tools: measurement displayed on a cement bond log (CBL)
in millivolts units, decibel attenuation, or both.
Ø Reduction of reading in millivolts or increase of decibel
attenuation an indication of better quality bonding of
cement behind casing to casing wall.

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 FACTORS AFFECTING CEMENT BONDING QUALITY
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o Cement job design & execution as well as effective mud removal

o Compressive strength of the cement in place

o Temperature & pressure changes applied to casing after cementing

o Epoxy resin applied to the outer wall of the casing.

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 SLIM ARRAY SONIC TOOL
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SLIM ARRAY SONIC TOOL (SSLT): digital sonic tool that

provides conventional openhole sonic measurements, st & ard CBL
amplitude & Variable Density* log (VDL), & attenuation measurements,
which are less affected by borehole environmental conditions.

SSLT can make a short-spacing (1-ft [0.30-m]) CBL measurements for

cement evaluation in fast formations.

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Two transmitters & six receivers of SSLT sonde have transmitter–
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receiver spacings of 1, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, & 5 ft [0.30, 0.91, 1.07, 1.22, 1.37,
& 1.52 m] to compute the following:

v St & ard 3-ft CBL & 5-ft VDL measurements borehole-compensated

(BHC) attenuation from the 3.5- & 4.5-ft spacing receivers near-
pseudoattenuation from the 3-ft spacing receivers
v Short-spacing attenuation from the 1-ft spacing receiver for cement
bond measurement in fast formations that may affect the st & ard 3-ft
spacing.

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 SLIMXTREME SONIC LOGGING TOOL
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SlimXtreme* Sonic Logging Tool (QSLT) provides same

measurements as SSLT of the cement bond amplitude,
attenuation, & Variable Density display for evaluation of
cement bond quality of a cemented casing in high-pressure &
high-temperature environments

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CEMENT BOND LOG FROM DIGITAL SONIC LOGGING TOOL
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Digital Sonic Logging Tool (DSLT) uses Sonic Logging Sonde
(SLS) to measure cement bond amplitude & provide a Variable
Density display for evaluation of the cement bond quality of a
cemented casing string.
Variable Density or x-y waveform display of the sonic signal is
presented in conjunction with bond index & amplitude signal.

DSLT used in open borehole environment for conventional sonic

measurements of BHC (3- to 5-ft) transit time & long-spacing depth-
derived BHC (DDBHC) (9- to 11-ft [2.74 to 3.35-m]) transit time.
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 CEMENT BOND LOG FROM HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT
SONIC LOGGING TOOL wl

Hostile Environment Sonic Logging Tool (HSLT) provides

same measurements of cement bond amplitude & Variable
Density display for evaluation of cement bond quality of a
cemented casing string as SSLT in high-pressure & high-
temperature environments.

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 SLIM CEMENT MAPPING TOOL
Slim Cement Mapping Tool (SCMT): a through-tubing cementwl
evaluation tool combinable with PS Platform* production logging
service for a variety of well diagnostics.
Two sizes: 111⁄16 in [4.29 cm] for st & ard (302 degF [150 degC]) &
21⁄16 in [5.24 cm] with a 392 degF [200 degC].
SCMT suitable workover & new wells.
SCMT advantage in workover wells (no need POH tbg).
SCMT : running through most tbg.
New wells: SCMT for evaluating casing 75⁄8” [19.36 cm] or less csg.
SCMT : single transmitter, two receivers spaced at 3 & 5 ft from
transmitter, & eight segmented receivers 2 ft [0.61 m] from
transmitter.
Output of near (3-ft) receiver: CBL & transit-time measurement.
Output of far (5-ft) receiver : VDL measurement.
Eight segmented receivers generate a radial image cement bond
variation.

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 MEMORY SLIM CEMENT BOND LOGGING TOOL
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Memory Slim Cement Bond: through-tubing 3-ft CBL & 5-ft VDL
measurements, same accuracy & quality as surface-readout logs.
Size 11 1⁄16”: no need to POH tbg.
Tool records gamma ray, casing collar location, pressure,
temperature, & waveforms in one pass, waveforms fully digitized
downhole.
40 h combined tool running time , including 16 h of continuous
waveform recording time.
Depth-recording: hazardous & nonhazardous environments.
Memory Slim CBL: run with other Memory PS Platform* PLT.
Tools & sensors: conveyed in borehole by drillpipe, coiled tubing,
slickline, or unintelligent tractor.
PS Platform software: perform onsite data processing/
postprocessing/ log presentation.

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 USI ULTRASONIC IMAGER TOOL
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APPLICATIONS
v Cement evaluation

v Casing inspection

– Corrosion detection & monitoring

– Detection of internal & external damage or deformation

– Casing thickness analysis for collapse & burst pressure

calculations

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 USI ULTRASONIC IMAGER TOOL
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USI* UltraSonic Imager tool (USIT): single transducer mounted
on an Ultrasonic Rotating Sub (USRS) on bottom of tool.
Transmitter emits ultrasonic pulses between 200 & 700 kHz &
measures received ultrasonic waveforms reflected from internal
& external casing interfaces.
Rate of decay of waveforms received indicates quality of cement bond at
cement/casing interface, & resonant frequency of casing provides
casing wall thickness required for pipe inspection.
Transducer mounted on rotating sub, entire circumference of casing is
scanned.
360° data coverage: evaluation of quality of cement bond /determination
of internal & external casing condition.
High angular & vertical resolutions detect channels as narrow as 1.2 in
[3.05 cm].
Cement bond, thickness, internal & external radii, & maps generated in
real time at wellsite.
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USI ULTRASONIC IMAGER

TOOL

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 USI ULTRASONIC IMAGER TOOL
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 USI ULTRASONIC IMAGER TOOL
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 USI ULTRASONIC IMAGER TOOL
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 Interpretation—Cased Hole
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Purpose
This chart is used to determine the decibel attenuation of casing
from the measured cement bond log (CBL) amplitude & convert
it to the compressive strength of bonded cement (either standard
or foamed).

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 Description
Amplitude of first casing arrival is recorded by an acoustic signal-measuring device
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such as a sonic or cement bond tool.

amplitude value is a measure of decibel attenuation that can be translated into a bond
index (an indication of percent of casing cement bonding) & compressive strength
(psi) of cement at time of logging.

Enter chart on y-axis with log value of CBL amplitude & move upward parallel to 45°
lines to intersect appropriate casing size.

At that point, move horizontally right to attenuation scale on right-hand y-axis.

From this point, draw a line through appropriate casing thickness value to intersect
compressive strength scale.

The casing wall thickness is calculated by subtracting nominal inside diameter (ID)
from outside diameter (OD) listed on table for threaded nonupset casing & dividing the
difference by 2.

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 Example
Given: Log amplitude reading = 3.5 mV in zone of interest & 1.0 mV wl in
a well-bonded section (usually the lowest millivolt value on the log),
casing size = 7 in. at 29 lbm/ft, casing thickness = 0.41 in., & neat
cement (not foamed).

Find: Compressive strength & bond index of the cement at

the time of logging.

Answer: Enter the 3.5-mV reading on the left y-axis of Chart Cem-1 &
proceed to the 7-in. casing line.

Move horizontally to intersect the right-hand y-axis at 8.9 dB/ft.

Determine the casing thickness as (7 – 6.184)/2 = 0.816/2 = 0.41 in.

Draw a line from 8.9 dB/ft through the 0.41-in. casing thickness point
to the compressive strength scale.

Cement compressive strength = 2,100 psi.

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 Example
To find bond index, determine the decibel attenuation of the wl
lowest recorded log value by entering 1.0 mV on the left-hand y-axis
and proceeding to the 7-in. casing line.
Move horizontally to intersect the right-hand y-axis at 12.3 dB/ft.
Divide the precisely determined decibel attenuation for the CBL
amplitude in the zone of interest by this value for the lowest millivolt
value: 8.9/12.3 = 72% bond index.
A 72% bond index means that 72% of the casing is bonded.
This is not a well-bonded zone because a value of 80% bonding over a
10-ft interval is historically considered well bonded. Although the
logging scale is a linear millivolts scale, the decibel attenuation scale
is logarithmic.
The millivolts log scale for the CBL value cannot rescaled in percent
of bonding. If it were, the apparent percent bonding would be 65%
because most bond log scales are from 0 to 100 Mv reading from left
to right, over 10 divisions of track 1, or conversely 100% to 0% cement
bonding for 0 mV = 100% bonding and 100 mV = 0% bonding.
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 Interpretation—Cased Hole
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 Interpretation—Cased Hole
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MEASUREMENT & MECHANICAL TOOL

SPECIFICATIONS

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 Measurement Specifications
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 Mechanical Specifications
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 Measurement Specifications
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 Measurement Specifications
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 Measurement Specifications
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 Mechanical Specifications
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 Measurement Specifications
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 Mechanical Specifications
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 Measurement Specifications
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 Mechanical Specifications
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 Measurement Specifications
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 Mechanical Specifications
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