Emergencies in outdoor activity

UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
• This is any injury that is not caused on purpose or with intentional harm.
• It is a broad category that includes injuries from causes such as motor vehicle collisions, falls,
poisoning, drowning, suffocation, work related and sport related.

Musculoskeletal injury
• Damage of the muscular or skeletal system usually due to strenuous activities.
• It can be a sprain, fracture, strain, or dislocation.

• SPRAIN – ligaments around the joint are stretched or torn

• First aid-RICE
• R- rest
• I- Ice
• C- Compression
• E- Elevation

• STRAIN – twisting or pulling a muscle or tendon beyond normal capacity

• First Aid
• Place victim in a comfortable position
• Apply cold reliefs
• Call emergency help to transport patient to a medical facility.

• DISLOCATION – separation of bone end from joint, leaving the bone out of normal position.
• First Aid
• Immobilize dislocations in the position found.
Splint above and below the dislocated joints
to keep immobilized.
• Use RICE method
• Keep the victim warm and quiet and in comfy
position.
• Treat the victim for shock if necessary.

• FRACTURE – breaks that usually happen in the bone. When a broken bone fractures the skin,
it causes an open or compound fracture.
• First Aid
• Cover wound with non-fluffy sterile dressing. Apply pressure around the injury to control
bleeding.
• Put bandage securing the dressing and padding
• Immobilize injured part.
• Treat casually for shock if necessary

BANDAGING - is covering a break in the skin helps to control bleeding and protect against
infection.

A bandage can be used to:

• Hold a dressing in a place over an open wound
• Apply direct pressure over a dressing to control bleeding
• Prevent or reduce swelling
• Provide support and stability for an extremely or joint.
• A bandage should be clean not sterile.

Types of Bandages

• Roller bandages
• Self-adhering, conforming bandages
• Gauze rollers
• Elastic roller bandages
• Triangular bandages