INJURY

An instance of being injured

Being Harm or Damage.

TYPES OF INJURIES

• Fractures
• Dislocation
• Sprain
• Strain
• Poisoning
• Wounds
• Burn
FRACTURE

• Break in a bone
TYPES OF FRACTURE

•Traverse
•Oblique
•Comminuted
TRAVERSE FRACTURE

•caused by sharp
objects or blade.
OBLIQUE FRACTURE

•Completely broken
bone
COMMINUTED FRACTURE

•Bones that break

into small pieces
CAUSES OF FRACTURE

•By direct blow

•By crushing force
•By fall or automobile accident
INDICATIONS OF FRACTURE

• The injured person may hear or feel something

pop.
• You may notice tendons at the side of the break.
• Considerable pain and swelling may occur in
most cases, but not always.
 GENERAL RULES IN ASSISTING ANY FRACTURE
CASE.

• Don’t attempt to change the position of the injured person until the exact
nature of his/her injuries is known.
• Don’t permit his/her to sit up or move around until it is certain that no
harm is indicated.
• Never move an injured person unless fractured have been immobilized
• The victim in any circumstances must be reclining or semi reclining
position when transported.
 FIRST AID FOR FRACTURE

• Open fracture with propose bleeding

a) The bleeding should be controlled before moving the injured
part.
b) The wound should be covered with a thick sterile gauze
compress or clean cloth and bandage them firmly in place.
c) Be sure that the injured victim is appropriately given extra
care when splinting and transporting.
•Closed or simple fracture
a)This is usually determined by
XRAY.
DISLOCATION

•Displacement of a bone end from

the joints, particularly in the
shoulder, elbow, fingers or thumb.
FIRST AID FOR DISLOCATION

•Immobilized the affected part, if

necessary apply sling.
•Elevate
•Secure medical assistance promptly
SPRAIN

•Injuries from the soft tissues affecting

the ligaments and blood vessels which
are stretched and occasionally torn or
partially torn.
FIRST AID FOR SPRAIN

• If the ankle or knee is affected do not allow him to walk.

• Apply pillow splint or a blanket splint around the affected foot and
elevate victim leg.
• In mild sprain, keep the injured part raised for at least 24 hrs.
• Do not soaked in hot water.
• Call for the nearest hospital.
STRAIN

• Injuries to muscles or tendons from

over exertion affecting the fibers which
are stretched and sometimes partially
torn.
POISONING

Any substances such as solid, liquid and gas that

tends to impair health or cause death when
introduced into the body or onto the skin surface.
WAYS BY WHICH POISON MAY ENTER INTO
BODY.

• Ingestion
• Inhalation
• Injection
• absorption
FIRST AID FOR STRONG CHEMICAL POISONING

• Vomiting
• Giving the victim an antidote to neutralize
the acid, like can carbonated soda, milk or
raw egg, flour and water.
WOUNDS

• an injury to living tissue caused by a cut,

blow, or other impact, typically one in which
the skin is cut or broken.
TYPES OF WOUNDS

• Abrasion
• Laceration
• Puncture
• Avulsion
 ABRASION

• occurs when your skin rubs or scrapes against a

rough or hard surface. Road rash is an example of
an abrasion.
• There’s usually not a lot of bleeding, but the wound
needs to be scrubbed and cleaned to avoid infection.
LACERATION

• A laceration is a deep cut or tearing of your skin.

• Accidents with knives, tools, and machinery are
frequent causes of lacerations.
• In the case of deep lacerations, bleeding can be
rapid and extensive.
PUNCTURE

• is a small hole caused by a long, pointy object, such as a nail or

needle.
• Sometimes, a bullet can cause a puncture wound.
• Punctures may not bleed much, but these wounds can be deep
enough to damage internal organs.
• If you have even a small puncture wound, visit your doctor to
get a tetanus shot and prevent infection.
AVULSION

• is a partial or complete tearing away of skin and the

tissue beneath. Avulsions usually occur during violent
accidents, such as body-crushing accidents, explosions,
and gunshots
• They bleed heavily and rapidly.
BURN

•an injury caused by

exposure to heat or flame.
TYPES OF DEGREE IN BURN

• First-degree burns are considered mild compared to other burns. They

result in pain and reddening of the epidermis (outer layer of the skin).
• Second-degree burns (partial thickness burns) affect the epidermis and
the dermis (lower layer of skin). They cause pain, redness, swelling, and
blistering.
• Third-degree burns (full thickness burns) go through the dermis and
affect deeper tissues. They result in white or blackened, charred skin that
may be numb.
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