04 Dosimetry

Digital Linear Accelerator
Corrective Maintenance Manual for the Dosimetry System
Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04

Publication date: 2015 01
Language: English
Copyright statement
Copyright ©2015 Elekta Limited. All rights reserved. Do not copy or use this document, or parts of
it, without written agreement from Elekta Limited. All trademarks and registered trademarks of
Elekta products are the property of the Elekta Group.
Acknowledgement of other trademarks

Elekta acknowledges the trademarks and registered trademarks of other manufacturers that we use
in this document.
Referenced documents
Elekta does not supply all the documents that we refer to in this document with the equipment.
Elekta reserves the right to make the decision on which of the documents we supply with the
equipment.
Contact information
WORLDWIDE PRODUCT MANUFACTURING CENTER – ONCOLOGY

ELEKTA LIMITED
Linac House
Fleming Way, Crawley
West Sussex RH10 9RR
United Kingdom
Tel +44 (0)1293 544422
Fax +44 (0)1293 654321
0 1 20
TECHNICAL HELP
Contact your local Elekta representative for technical help
Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04 Digital Linear Accelerator

Page 2 ©2015 Elekta Limited.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter Title Page
1 General safety and regulatory information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3 Product Description of the Dosimetry System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4 Troubleshooting for the Dosimtery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5 Service Parts Repair of the Dosimtery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6 Set-up, Test and Calibration of the Dosimtery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Digital Linear Accelerator Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04

©2015 Elekta Limited. Page 3
Table of Contents
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List of Figures and Tables

Table 1.1 IEC 60601-1 classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 1.2 Labels found on Elekta equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Table 1.3 Safe levels of radiation applicable in the UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 2.1 Product configurations of Elekta digital linear accelerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 2.2 Definitions for approved persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 2.1 Conventions for the directions of the digital accelerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 2.3 List of abbreviations and acronyms for MLCi and MLCi2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 3.1 Block diagram of the dosimetry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Table 3.1 Typical software command sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 3.2 Function and position of the ion chamber plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 3.3 Description of the ion chamber plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Figure 3.2 Dose 1 plate coverage at the isocenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Figure 3.3 Dose 2 plate coverage at the isocenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Figure 3.4 Servo plate coverage at the isocenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Figure 3.5 DOS PCB block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Figure 3.6 DOS PCB dose plate input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Figure 3.7 DOS PCB dose measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Table 3.4 Dose measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Figure 3.8 DOS PCB system bus and signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Figure 3.9 DOS PCB power supply and monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 3.5 Dosimtery power rail scaled voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Figure 3.10 DOS PCB watchdog circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 3.6 Description of the watchdog circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 3.7 Interlock conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 3.8 LED Indicators for the dosimetry PCB in usual mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Figure 3.11 Block diagram of the dose pulse transmitter PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Table 3.9 Functions of the DPT PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Table 3.10 PSB/DPT PCB SW1 settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Figure 3.12 PSB/DPT PCB LED indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Figure 3.13 Servo input board PCB - block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 3.11 Description of the SIB PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 3.12 -320V control items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 3.13 -320V control PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Figure 3.14 Dosimetry temperature and pressure subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 3.14 Control items for the temperature and pressure subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 3.15 Control PCBs of the temperature and pressure subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Figure 3.15 Block diagram of the dosimetry system control circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 3.16 Control and monitor control items of the dosimetry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 3.17 Control and monitor control PCBs of the dosimetry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 3.18 Conditions that cause an HT relay interlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 4.1 Troubleshooting for the dosimetry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 5.1 Steering current parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Figure 5.1 Removal of the ion chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Figure 5.2 Installation of the ion chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 6.1 Electron Measurement Depths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 6.2 Software items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Table 6.3 Software item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table 6.4 Software items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

General safety and regulatory information
1 General safety and regulatory information

Section Title Page
1.1 Compliance of the equipment with international standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.1.1 IEC safety standards compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.1.2 IEC classification of the product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2 Recommendations for training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3 Recommendations for equipment change of ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 Recommendations for emergency procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 Important safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5.1 Conventions for warnings, cautions, and notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5.2 Labels found on Elekta equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.6 Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6.1 Safety precautions for the compatibility of the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6.2 Safety precautions for work with heavy parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6.3 Safety precautions for work with visual display units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6.4 Safety precautions for operation of the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6.5 Safety precautions for work with safety devices during service operation . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.6.6 Safety precautions for work with electrical and mechanical parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.6.7 Safety precautions for work with devices that are sensitive to an electrostatic discharge . . 15
1.6.8 Safety precautions for the occurrence of fire or explosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.6.9 Safety precautions for the electromagnetic compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.6.10 Safety precautions for work with UV devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.6.11 Safety precautions for work in areas of induced radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.6.12 Safety precautions for cleaning and disinfection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.6.13 Expected service life of the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.6.14 Disposal of the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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Compliance of the equipment with international standards
1.1 Compliance of the equipment with international

standards
1.1.1 IEC safety standards compliance
The IEC safety standards compliance gives verification that the equipment is in compliance with the
applicable IEC safety standards for medical devices.
If necessary, contact Elekta Limited for more information on the applicable safety standards.
1.1.2 IEC classification of the product
The IEC classification of the product identifies the degree of protection that the equipment gives.
WARNING 1.1
Do not use this equipment unless the electrical power supply is connected to a grounded
earth to prevent an electrical shock. If you ignore this warning, you can cause fatal injury.
Table 1.1 IEC 60601-1 classification
Title Description Label

Type of protection against electric CLASS 1 EQUIPMENT
shock
Degree of protection against TYPE B APPLIED PARTS
electric shock
Degree of protection against IPX0 as given in IEC 60529.

ingress of liquids Ordinary equipment (enclosed
equipment without protection
against ingress of liquids)
Methods of disinfection For information on cleaning and
recommended by the disinfection of the equipment,
manufacturer refer to section “Safety
precautions for cleaning and
disinfection” in this chapter.
Degree of safety of application in Equipment not suitable for use in
the presence of flammable the presence of a flammable
anesthetic mixture with air or anesthetic mixture with air or
with oxygen or with nitrous oxide with oxygen, or nitrous oxide
Mode of operation Suitable for continuous operation
with an intermittent load

Recommendations for training
1.2 Recommendations for training

The regulations for training give a description of the necessary training, regulations, and compliance
that apply to the operation of the equipment.
Different countries have different regulations for training. Make sure that you have the necessary
training before you operate or do work on the equipment. Make sure that your training is in
compliance with the laws and regulations of the jurisdiction in which the equipment is installed.
Training is available from Elekta. Contact Elekta for more information about the applicable
training courses.
1.3 Recommendations for equipment change of ownership

The recommendations for equipment change of ownership give information to help the new owner of
the equipment.
If you get the equipment from a previous owner, Elekta recommends that you contact the local
Elekta representative and:
• Tell them about the new ownership of the equipment.
• Tell them about the location of the equipment.
• Get copies of the applicable documentation (there is a cost for this service).
• Get information on the different types of service Elekta can give to customers.
1.4 Recommendations for emergency procedures

The recommendations for emergency procedures gives the responsibilities of the user with relation to
the emergency procedures and emergency switches.
Before you use the equipment, Elekta recommends that you know all the local emergency
procedures and the locations of all emergency switches, such as the:
• STOP MOTORS buttons on the handheld controllers and the control panels in the
treatment room
• EMERGENCY OFF switches in the treatment room, the control area, and in areas near
to the equipment.

Important safety instructions
1.5 Important safety instructions

The important safety instructions are the recommended instructions for your safety and the safety of
patients during the installation, operation, and maintenance of medical electrical equipment.
It is important to install, operate, and do the maintenance correctly on all medical electrical
equipment. This is most important for safety related items. For your safety and the safety of the
patients, Elekta recommends that you read, understand, and obey all:
• Warnings, cautions, and notes in this document and related documents
• Warnings, cautions, and safety markings on the equipment and the accessories of the
equipment
• Safety instructions and information in this document and related documents.
Before you operate, or do work on the equipment, it is important that you read and understand the
emergency procedures.
1.5.1 Conventions for warnings, cautions, and notes
The conventions for warnings, cautions, and notes give information about the class and the level of
the risk in the warnings, cautions, and notes in the text.
WARNING 1.2
A warning is information about procedures, tasks, or conditions, where the result can be
fatal or serious injury, injury, or clinical mistreatment, if you do not obey the instructions.
CAUTION 1.1
A caution is information about procedures, tasks, or conditions, where the result can be
damage to the equipment, data, or the environment, if you do not obey the instructions.
Note: A note gives more information about a related text.

Important safety instructions
1.5.2 Labels found on Elekta equipment
The labels found on Elekta equipment give information about the necessary precautions that apply to
the operation of the equipment.
Table 1.2 Labels found on Elekta equipment
Label type Label Description

General warning If the label has instructions on it, obey the
instructions.
Radiation warning This label is a warning that dangerous levels

of radiation are possible.
High voltage warning This label is a warning that there can be

high voltage.
Laser warning This label is a warning that there can be a

laser beam in, or near to, the equipment.
Hot surface warning This label is a warning that the item can be
hot to touch.
Do not sit caution This label is a caution not to sit on the part.
ESD caution This label is a caution that there are devices

in the equipment that are sensitive to
electrostatic discharge.
Safety label - Follow This label tells you that there is a safety risk
instructions for use and you must refer to the Instructions for
Use before you continue with the task or
operation of the equipment.
General label - Follow This label recommends that you refer to the
operating instructions Instructions for Use before you continue
with the task or operation of the equipment.
People’s Republic of This label tells you that the equipment

China - Ministry of contains one or more of the specified
Information Industry 50 materials in Ministry Order #39. The
Order #39 number in the center of the symbol gives
the safe environment protection period in
years.
Disposal warning This label tells you that you must not use
the domestic waste systems for disposal of
the equipment, or parts of the equipment.

Safety precautions
1.6 Safety precautions
1.6.1 Safety precautions for the compatibility of the equipment
The safety precautions for the compatibility of the equipment are the recommended precautions for
the operation of the equipment with parts or accessories not approved by Elekta.
WARNING 1.3
Do not use parts or accessories that are not approved by Elekta. The result can be incorrect
radiation delivery and other safety risks. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury
or clinical mistreatment.
Only operate the equipment with Elekta supplied or approved, compatible equipment or parts.
Contact Elekta for information about the compatibility of other equipment or parts.
Do not use accessories, transducers, and cables that are not specified by Elekta. They can have an
effect on the performance of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), which can increase the
emissions or decrease the immunity of the equipment.
1.6.2 Safety precautions for work with heavy parts
The safety precautions for work with heavy parts are the necessary safety precautions to know to
prevent injury.
WARNING 1.4
Do not lift or move heavy parts unless you obey the applicable Health and Safety regulations
and procedures. If you ignore this warning, it can cause serious injury.
1.6.3 Safety precautions for work with visual display units
The safety precautions for work with VDUs are the necessary safety precautions to know to prevent
damage to your health.
WARNING 1.5
Do not use a visual display unit (VDU) unless you obey the applicable Health and Safety
regulations and procedures. If you ignore this warning, it can cause injury.
1.6.4 Safety precautions for operation of the equipment
The safety precautions for operation of the equipment are the precautions to prevent incorrect
radiation delivery and other malfunctions, which can cause fatal injury.
WARNING 1.6
Do not operate the equipment unless the QA checks are satisfactorily completed, or if you
know, or think that the equipment is defective or incorrectly calibrated. If you ignore this
warning, you can cause fatal injury, clinical mistreatment, and damage to the equipment.

Safety precautions
Only operate the equipment if you are a qualified person with the applicable authority. Such
operation must apply best practice for clinical treatment and obey the laws and regulations in the
jurisdiction in which the equipment is installed.
Before you operate the equipment, make sure that:
• There are no defective parts.
• The equipment calibration is correct.
• The applicable QA checks are satisfactorily completed.
• The user routine checks are satisfactorily completed.
• The planned maintenance schedule is satisfactorily completed.
Refer to the Instructions for Use for information on the user maintenance and the planned
maintenance schedule.
It is the responsibility of the authority that has the control of the equipment to set up a QA
program that gives safe and satisfactory system operation.
1.6.5 Safety precautions for work with safety devices during service
operation
The safety precautions for work with safety devices during service operation are the necessary safety
precautions to know to prevent incorrect radiation delivery and other safety risks, which can cause
fatal injury or clinical mistreatment.
WARNING 1.7
Do not remove, change, or override the switches, interlocks, or other safety devices unless
special instructions in this document tell you to. The result can be incorrect radiation
delivery and other safety risks. When the work is completed, set all the safety devices again
and do a test of them. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury or clinical
mistreatment.
1.6.6 Safety precautions for work with electrical and mechanical parts
The safety precautions for work with electrical and mechanical parts are the necessary safety
precautions to know to prevent fatal injury.
WARNING 1.8
Do not start to do work on the digital accelerator before you isolate the power to the work
area at the interface cabinet. You can get a high voltage electric shock. If you ignore this
warning, it can cause fatal injury.
WARNING 1.9
Do not remove the covers or cables from the equipment unless special instructions in this
document tell you to. The covers give access to high voltage electric parts. Always install the
covers and cables again before you use the equipment. If you ignore this warning, it can
cause fatal injury.

Safety precautions
WARNING 1.10
Do not remove the covers from the equipment unless special instructions in this document
tell you to. The covers give access to parts that move. Always install the covers again before
you use the equipment. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury.
WARNING 1.11
Be careful when the power supply switch of the equipment is put in the off position. There
continues to be a risk of high voltage electric shock. Some of the customer interfaces can
continue to supply electrical power to the electrical terminals. If you ignore this warning, it
can cause fatal injury.
Only operate the equipment in rooms that are in compliance with the applicable electrical safety
laws and regulations for this type of equipment.
Before you start the maintenance and repair work, or start to clean the equipment, isolate the
electrical power supply and prevent unwanted movement of the equipment.
1.6.7 Safety precautions for work with devices that are sensitive to an
electrostatic discharge
The safety precautions for work with devices that are sensitive to an electrostatic discharge are the
necessary safety precautions to know to prevent an electrostatic discharge.
CAUTION 1.2
Do not touch the PCBs and other electronic parts unless you wear a grounded antistatic wrist
strap. The result can be an electrostatic discharge and a malfunction. If you ignore this
caution, you can cause damage to the equipment.
CAUTION 1.3
Do not touch the parts identified with the ESD caution label. Always obey the ESD safety
precautions when you do work on these parts. If you ignore this caution, you can cause
damage to the equipment.
Semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and the parts that contain them, are sensitive to ESD.
These devices are known as electrostatic discharge sensitive devices. ESD can cause damage to
these devices and cause them to have a malfunction immediately or some time after the
electrostatic discharge. To prevent the ESD damage to these devices, always wear a grounded
antistatic wrist strap, and obey all the ESD precautions and procedures.
Elekta recommends that all users receive the training about ESD. The training must include the
ESD caution label and these ESD safety precautions.
1.6.8 Safety precautions for the occurrence of fire or explosion
The safety precautions for the occurrence of fire or explosion are the necessary safety precautions to
know to prevent fatal injury or damage to the equipment.
WARNING 1.12
Do not use the equipment in rooms that contain explosive or flammable gases. High levels of
oxygen, and some anesthetic gases and disinfectant sprays, are explosive or flammable. If
you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury and damage to the equipment.

Safety precautions
1.6.9 Safety precautions for the electromagnetic compatibility
The safety precautions for the electromagnetic compatibility are the necessary safety precautions to
know to prevent an unwanted effect on the operation of the equipment by the radio frequency
emissions.
WARNING 1.13
Do not put portable or mobile radio frequency (RF) communication devices, or other
electrical devices, near the equipment. If you ignore this warning, you can cause fatal injury,
clinical mistreatment, and damage to the equipment.
The Elekta products are in compliance with applicable EMC emission standards. It is possible that
the electromagnetic emissions from the portable and mobile RF communication devices, or other
electrical devices, are more than is permitted by the EMC standards. Such electromagnetic
emissions can have an unwanted effect on the operation of the medical electrical equipment.
WARNING 1.14
Do not use the accessories, transducers, and cables unless they are specified by Elekta. If you
ignore this warning, you can cause fatal injury and clinical mistreatment.
Special precautions for EMC emissions are necessary. See the related documentation on how to do
the installation and setting to work procedures, and to operate the equipment.
See the section Technical Description in the Instructions for Use for information about EMC.
1.6.10 Safety precautions for work with UV devices
The safety precautions for work with UV devices are the necessary safety precautions to know to
prevent serious injury to your eyes.
The Agility™ BLD uses ultraviolet light. This ultraviolet light is contained by the Agility™ BLD
covers and crosswires screen.
WARNING 1.15
Do not look into the ultraviolet light without protective glasses when the Agility™ BLD covers
or crosswires screen are removed. If you ignore this warning, it can cause serious injury to
your eyes.
WARNING 1.16
Do not look into the laser beams. The laser beams can cause damage to your eyes. If you
ignore this warning, the laser beams can cause serious injury to your eyes.
Before you remove the covers or crosswires screen, switch off the ultraviolet light or use protective
glasses.
Protective glasses must have the UV-A specification OD 6+ @ 190 - 532 nm.
If the Agility™ BLD covers or crosswires screen are damaged, switch off the ultraviolet light and
contact your Elekta representative.

Safety precautions
1.6.11 Safety precautions for work in areas of induced radioactivity
The safety precautions for work in areas of induced radioactivity are the necessary safety precautions
to know to prevent the related risks from induced radioactivity.
When you operate or do work on the equipment, Elekta recommends that you use the applicable
radiation protection features, devices, systems, procedures, and accessories. Always obey the
applicable laws and regulations for induced radioactivity for the jurisdiction in which the
equipment is installed.
The safety precautions are applicable to:
• Maintenance, modifications, and decommissioning
• Removal of parts from the radiation head
• Measurement of the induced radioactivity
• Removal of parts with induced radioactivity.
1.6.11.1 Safety precautions for maintenance, modification, and decommissioning
The safety precautions for maintenance, modification, and decommissioning are the necessary safety
precautions to know to prevent excessive exposure to radioactivity, incorrect radiation delivery and
other malfunctions, which can cause fatal injury, serious injury, or clinical mistreatment.
WARNING 1.17
Do not do maintenance work, or make modifications to the equipment unless you are a
qualified person and have the applicable authority. The result can be incorrect radiation
delivery and other malfunctions. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury and
clinical mistreatment.
Only do work on, or make modifications to the equipment if you are a qualified person with the
applicable authority. Such work must apply best engineering practice and obey the laws and
regulations in the jurisdiction in which the equipment is installed.
Modifications or work that are not approved by Elekta, and that are not done by a qualified person
with the correct authority, can cause damage to the equipment and cancel the warranty.
WARNING 1.18
Do not touch the flight tube, bending magnet, or other parts near to them until a check for
induced radioactivity is completed. The risk can be excessive exposure to radioactivity. If you
ignore this warning, it can cause serious injury.
1.6.11.2 Safety precautions for the removal of parts from the radiation head
The safety precautions for the removal of parts from the radiation head are the necessary safety
precautions to know to make sure that the level of induced radioactivity is at a safe level before the
removal of parts.
After the operation of the digital accelerator at high energy, the parts in the radiation head can
become radioactive, which is a radiation hazard. Before you do work on, or remove, these parts,
use a Geiger-Müller tube or equivalent radiation detector to measure the level of induced
radioactivity. Use the applicable safety procedures to remove radioactive parts. The maximum
dose rate for the safe removal of radioactive material is 50 µSv/hr (microsievert per hour). Do not
remove the radioactive material from the treatment room until it is correctly prepared for safe
removal.

Safety precautions
1.6.11.3 Safety precautions for the measurement of induced radioactivity
The safety precautions for the measurement of induced radioactivity are the necessary safety
precautions to know to prevent excessive exposure to radioactivity, which can cause serious injury or
damage to the environment.
Always use two radiation detectors to measure the level of induced radioactivity. Only use
radiation detectors that have an applicable calibration certificate. The period of time since the last
calibration date must be less than 12 months. Do not use the radiation detectors if the period of
time since the last calibration date is more than 12 months.
WARNING 1.19
Do not move radioactive material (by air, sea, or land) unless you obey the applicable laws
and regulations for induced radioactivity and disposal of radioactive material of the
jurisdictions through which the movement occurs. If you ignore this warning, it can cause
serious injury and damage to the environment.
1.6.11.4 Safety precautions for the removal of parts with induced radioactivity
The safety precautions for the removal of parts with induced radioactivity give the maximum safe
levels of induced radioactivity applicable in the United Kingdom.
The removal of parts with induced radioactivity must obey the laws and regulations of the
jurisdiction in which the equipment is installed. The safe levels of radiation applicable in the UK
do not apply in all jurisdictions. If there are no safe levels available for a jurisdiction, contact Elekta
for information on the safe removal of parts with induced radioactivity.
Table 1.3 Safe levels of radiation applicable in the UK
Instrument Indication at surface not to be more than:

Thermo Electron Corp. Mini 150 cps (counts per second)
900 ratemeter with type ‘E’
probe
Eberline RO-10 50 µSv/hr (microsieverts per hour)
Victoreen 491 5 mR/hr (milliroentgen per hour)
Victoreen 440 RF/A 5 mR/hr (milliroentgen per hour)
Victoreen 440 5 mR/hr (milliroentgen per hour)
Nuclear Enterprises PDM1 50 µSv/hr (microsieverts per hour)
1.6.12 Safety precautions for cleaning and disinfection
The safety precautions for cleaning and disinfection are the necessary safety precautions to know to
prevent fatal injury or damage to the equipment.
WARNING 1.20
Do not clean the equipment, or use a disinfectant spray, before you isolate the equipment
from the electrical supply. You can get a high voltage electric shock. If you ignore this

Safety precautions
WARNING 1.21
Do not use a spray that is explosive or flammable. The fumes from such sprays can cause an
explosion or start a fire. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury and damage to
the equipment.
CAUTION 1.4
Do not let water and other liquids go into the equipment. The results can be electrical short
circuits and metal corrosion. If you ignore this caution, it can cause damage to the
equipment.
CAUTION 1.5
Do not use a spray to clean the medical equipment room. The spray can go into the
equipment. The results can be electrical short circuits and metal corrosion. If you ignore this
caution, it can cause damage to the equipment.
At regular intervals, it is necessary to clean the equipment and equipment room with disinfectants.
This section gives the information on the general procedures. Where special procedures and
precautions are necessary, the related documents give the information on these procedures. The
procedures for the disinfection and cleaning of the equipment and the equipment room must obey
the applicable laws and regulations of the jurisdiction.
1.6.12.1 Recommended general cleaning procedure
The recommended general cleaning procedure gives the instructions for cleaning the equipment.
Clean surfaces with a mild detergent solution. Then, dry the surface with a clean, lint-free cloth.
Do not use a solution, solvent, abrasive detergent, or polish that is corrosive. If you do not know
the properties of the solution, do not use it.
1.6.13 Expected service life of the equipment
The expected service life is the length of time that the regular servicing and repair procedures can
keep the machine in operation.
WARNING 1.22
The expected service life of this equipment is 15 years of normal use. Because of wear of
parts, the risk of malfunctions can increase after 10 years of operation. Before you continue
operation after 10 years, complete the regular extended life checks. If you ignore this
The Elekta definition of 'normal use' for this equipment is the treatment of 50 patients each day for
five days each week of the year.
The level of operation of the equipment can be different to ‘normal use’. This has an effect on the
level of the risk for a malfunction to occur. Elekta can help the user with information on the
necessary precautions to keep the equipment for continued operation, or to replace it.
Before you continue to operate the equipment for more than 10 years, contact Elekta for
information on the necessary regular extended life checks.

Safety precautions
1.6.14 Disposal of the equipment
The procedure for the disposal of the equipment at end of life to prevent damage to health and the
environment caused by radioactive and hazardous material.
WARNING 1.23
Do not move or discard radioactive and hazardous material unless you are a qualified person
and have an applicable license. Obey the laws and regulations of the jurisdiction for disposal
and movement of these materials. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury and
End of life (EOL) disposal refers to the procedure to remove and discard equipment, or parts of the
equipment, to a condition where it will not be possible to operate the equipment for its intended
use.
Always use procedures that give the best possible protection to the environment when you remove
and discard the equipment. The procedures must obey the laws and regulations of the jurisdictions
in which you discard the equipment. Do not discard Elekta equipment through the domestic waste
systems.
Only an approved facility with an applicable license must remove and discard the equipment and
recycle the material. Do not discard material that is hazardous to health and the environment
together with other material.
Before you remove and discard equipment, contact Elekta for information.

Introduction
2 Introduction
Section Title Page
2.1 Description of product configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.2 Intended function and contraindication of the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.1 Intended function of the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.2 Contraindications for the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.3 Function of this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4 Structure of this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.5 Definitions of authorized and qualified persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.6 Conventions for the directions of the digital accelerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.7 Recommendations for Field Change Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.8 Abbreviations and acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Introduction
— Blank page —

Introduction
Description of product configurations
2.1 Description of product configurations

The table gives a list of the product configurations available for the Elekta digital linear accelerators.
Table 2.1 Product configurations of Elekta digital linear accelerators
Configuration Beam limiting device1,2 MV kV Patient support

system
MLCi2 Beam Agility™ iViewGT™ XVI Precise
Modulator™ Treatment
Table
Precise Digital Optional Optional — Optional — •
Accelerator
(Precise
Treatment
System™)
Versa HD™ — — • • • •
Elekta Synergy® Optional Optional Optional • — •
Platform
Elekta Synergy® Optional Optional Optional • • •
Elekta Axesse™ — Optional Optional • • •
Elekta Infinity™ Optional — Optional • • •
1 Only one beam limiting device is supplied with the product.
2MLCi may have been installed on Precise Digital Accelerator, Elekta Synergy and Elekta Synergy
Platform.
• Fitted as standard
— Not available
Configurations
This document gives the information for all configurations of the equipment. Not all of the
functions in this document are available in all product configurations.
It is possible that you do not have a license for all the configurations available.
2.2 Intended function and contraindication of the equipment

2.2.1 Intended function of the equipment
The intended function of the equipment gives a description of the functions of the digital accelerator
that help you to deliver radiation to the defined target.
The Elekta range of medical digital linear accelerators is intended to assist in the delivery of
radiation to a defined target volume while sparing surrounding normal tissue and critical organs
from excess radiation. They are intended to be used for single or multiple fractions and, depending
on the options purchased, support static and dynamic beams of radiation.

Introduction
Function of this document
2.2.2 Contraindications for the equipment
The contraindications for the equipment is a list of the contraindications that can have an effect on
the operation of the digital accelerator.
There are no contraindications for this equipment.
2.3 Function of this document

The function of this document is to help the user in the safe and correct operation and maintenance
of the equipment.
The user is the authority who has the control of the equipment and the person or persons who
operate and do work on the equipment.
1 Clinical users
A Clinical User is a qualified person who uses the digital accelerator, and its accessories, for
the treatment of patients. A Clinical User has the necessary training in the safe, clinical
operation of the digital accelerator and its accessories. Such treatment must be therapeutic
only.
2 Service users
A Service User is a qualified person who has the necessary training to do the maintenance
tasks on the digital accelerator and its accessories. A Service User operates the digital
accelerator, and its accessories, to do the necessary tests, adjustments, and repairs to the
equipment. Such operation must not be therapeutic.
3 All users
Before you operate the equipment, Elekta recommends that you read, understand, and obey
all the:
– Warnings
– Cautions
– Notes
– Release notes
– Safety labels and markings
– FCOs.
Elekta recommends that you:
• Read carefully the information in the Important safety instructions and Safety
precautions sections of the Safety and regulatory information chapter of this document.
• Keep this document with the equipment for easy access.
Examples
If the examples in this document refer to patients, physicists, or hospitals by name, then they are
not the names of real persons or hospitals. If an example uses the name of a real person or hospital,
it is accidental.

Introduction
Structure of this document
2.4 Structure of this document

The structure of this document gives information about the document structure, information types,
and related links.
The information in this document has a defined structure. The structure helps the user find the
information it contains more easily. This information comes in these sections:
• General safety and regulatory information
• Introduction
• Product description
• Using the product
• Maintenance
• Appendices with more technical reference information.
In these sections, there are three defined types of information:
• Concept: gives descriptions of the product and its functions
• Task: gives instructions on how to operate the product or do maintenance on it
• Reference: gives added information for the tasks or concepts, usually a diagram or table.
Related links at the end of each topic replace in-line cross-references to related information.
2.5 Definitions of authorized and qualified persons

The definitions of authorized and qualified persons gives definitions of the persons permitted to do
work on the equipment.
Table 2.2 Definitions for approved persons
Term Definition
Authorized person A skilled or instructed person, who is empowered to execute
defined work.
Qualified person A person recognised by a competent authority as having the
requisite knowledge and training to perform particular duties.

Introduction
Conventions for the directions of the digital accelerator
2.6 Conventions for the directions of the digital accelerator

The conventions for the directions of the digital accelerator are the conventions that apply when the
patient is in the head first (anatomical supine) position on the treatment table.
5
2
6
7
001570 ©2011 Elekta Limited
Figure 2.1 Conventions for the directions of the digital accelerator
(1) Treatment room ceiling (top) (5) Digital accelerator B-side

(anatomical anterior) (anatomical left)
(2) Digital accelerator gun (G-end) (6) Digital accelerator target (T-end)
(anatomical superior) (anatomical inferior)
(3) Digital accelerator A-side (7) Treatment room floor (bottom)
(anatomical right) (anatomical posterior)
(4) Machine isocenter
Note: The A and B positions in Figure 2.1 are correct with the gantry at 0° only. The A and B positions
rotate with the gantry. Therefore, with the gantry rotated 180°, A and B are opposite.

Introduction
Recommendations for Field Change Orders
2.7 Recommendations for Field Change Orders

The recommendations for Field Change Orders give the recommended steps to do when you receive
an FCO.
Elekta recommends that you:
• Put the FCO in this section.
• Complete the FCO Record on page three.
• Use the information in your procedures.

Introduction
Recommendations for Field Change Orders
— Blank page —

Introduction
Abbreviations and acronyms
2.8 Abbreviations and acronyms

The abbreviations and acronyms is a list of the abbreviations and acronyms in this document with
their definitions.
Table 2.3 List of abbreviations and acronyms for MLCi and MLCi2
Abbreviation Definition
ADC Analog-to-digital-converter
AI Angiographic image
ASU Automatic setup
BLD Beam limiting device (generic term for Asymmetric
Diaphragms, MLCi, MLCi2, and Beam Modulator™)
BUD Backup diaphragm
CAN Controller area network
CAT Customer acceptance test
CCU Camera control unit
CCV Camera condition voltage
CMM Corrective maintenance manual
DAC Digital-to-analog-converter
DCB Detector control board
DPT Dose pulse transmitter
DROT Diaphragm rotation
FCO Field change order
FKP Function keypad
FPGA Field programmable gate array
FPLA Field programmable logic array
FPLS Field programmable logic sequencer
G-T Axis Indication of an axis at a right angle to the gantry in
the general direction from gun to target
HCU Head control unit
HHC Handheld controller
HME Hardware movement enable
HT High tension (high voltage
ICD Inertia compensation distance
I/O Input/output
IEC International electrotechnical commission
IMRT Intensity modulated radiation therapy
ISO The international organization for standardization
ISO9001 International standard for quality systems

Introduction
Abbreviations and acronyms
Abbreviation Definition
LED Light emitting diode
MLCi/MLCi2 MultiLeaf collimator 1/MultiLeaf collimator 2
MTU Multiplex terminal unit
MU Monitor unit
mV Megavolts
N/A Not applicable
NEMA National electrical manufacturers’ association (USA)
NPN Negative/positive/negative (transistor)
PCB Printed circuit board
PI Portal image
PRF Pulse repetition frequency
PSU Power supply unit
PSS Patient support system
PVC Polyvinylchloride
QA Quality assurance
RLB Relay B
RT Radiation therapy
RHCA Radiation head control area
RHMD Radiation head motor drive
RTU Remote terminal unit
SSD Source surface distance
TCC Treatment control cabinet
TCS Treatment control system
TTL Transistor-transistor-logic
UMD Universal motor drive
VMAT Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy
XVI X-ray volume imaging

Product Description of the Dosimetry System
3 Product Description of the Dosimetry System

Section Title Page
3.1 Description of the dosimetry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.2 Description of dose monitoring and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.1 Description of single and multiple dose treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3 Description of the HT and PRF interlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.4 Description of the backup dose count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.5 Description of the temperature and pressure monitor circuits of the dosimetry
system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.6 Description of the -320 V PSU system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.7 Description of the dosimetry software control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.7.1 List of the typical software command sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.7.2 List of the dosimetry status bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.7.3 List of the dosimerty control bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.7.4 Description of the time critical software of the dosimetry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.8 System Description of the Dosimtery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.8.1 Description of the Ion chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.8.2 Description of the DOS-A and DOS-B PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.8.3 Description of the dose pulse transmitter PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.8.4 Description of the servo input board PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.8.5 Description of the liquid crystal displays and printed circuit board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.8.6 Description of the -320 V system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.8.7 Description of the temperature and pressure subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.8.8 Description of the dosimetry system control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

— Blank page —

Description of the dosimetry system
3.1 Description of the dosimetry system

This is a description of the dosimetry system which controls and monitors the radiation dose, and
monitors the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure during treatment.
The dosimetry system of the digital accelerator has dual circuits (see Figure 3.1) which control and
monitor the:
• Radiation dose
• Ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure.
NOT TO SCALE 001663 ©2013 Elekta Limited
Figure 3.1 Block diagram of the dosimetry system
During the treatment, the dual circuits measure these parameters and send signals to the control
processor of the TCS. The control processor compares the two signals to make sure that the
indications are in the permitted limits.
If a fault or error occurs, the dosimetry system has a number of safety interlocks. The interlocks
operate to prevent the delivery of radiation.
Refer to the dosimetry system diagrams in the Digital Accelerator System Diagrams Manual for
more information.
3.2 Description of dose monitoring and control

This is a description of the dose monitoring and control circuit of the dosimetry system for the digital
accelerator.
An ionization chamber (ion chamber), which is in the path of the radiation beam, senses the
radiation. The ion chamber monitors the radiation dose and gives servo control of the electron
beam in the digital accelerator waveguide. The ion chamber has a number of plates.
• Two plates send the dose monitoring signals to the two dosimetry channels (DOS-A and
DOS-B).
• A third set of plates send the dose monitoring signals to the TCS for the servo control of
the energy and symmetry.
The radiation and the output currents from the ion chamber are pulse currents. The pulses are put
together on two dosimetry PCBs. The TCS reads the pulse count during treatment when the pulses
are at a calibrated threshold. A threshold is set for each energy level because the output of the ion
chamber does not increase linearly as the energy increases.
Before a treatment starts, the TCS supplies the dosimetry PCBs with an energy calibration value.
The calibration value is defined as 1/64 of a monitor unit (MU) and is known as the dose_ref.

Description of dose monitoring and control
For each 64 counts, the dosimetry PCBs send a 1 MU signal to the TCS. The TCS sends an
acknowledged signal to the dosimetry PCBs each time it receives a 1 MU signal.
3.2.1 Description of single and multiple dose treatments
This is a description of the single and multiple dose treatments with the dosimetry system.
A patient treatment can have one dose, or multiple doses, of radiation. For multiple dose
treatments, each segment of the prescription can have different qualities. For example, a segment
can be delivered at a different energy, or from a different gantry angle. Therefore each dosimetry
PCB has two counters that measure the delivered dose:
• The Segment dose counter is loaded with the segment dose value at the start of a beam
(dose period). The segment dose counter records the delivered dose in each segment of a
multiple dose treatment.
• The Total dose counter is loaded with the total dose value at the start of the treatment.
The total dose counter records the total dose for a treatment.
The two dosimetry PCBs record the total dose and the segment dose for each treatment. The TCS
continuously monitors and measures the pulse counts on the PCBs.
When the segment dose counter is at zero, the dosimetry PCB sends a segment dose complete
signal to the TCS. The TCS sends a signal which causes the radiation to pause until the next
segment is loaded. After the total dose is delivered, the TCS stops the radiation. At the end of a
treatment, the total dose will equal the sum of the segment doses.
3.3 Description of the HT and PRF interlocks

This is a description of the HT and PRF interlocks that the dosimetry system of the digital accelerator
uses.
The dosimetry PCBs have a number of internal circuits that monitor the dose rate, voltages and
system bus activity. The dosimetry PCBs also monitor the external condition of the:
• -320 V voltage
• Ion chamber leakage current
• 1 MU handshake with the TCS.
The dosimetry PCB has four monitor circuits that remove power to the HT relay if they operate.
During treatment, the dosimetry PCB controls the PRF interlock circuit through a SEGMENT DOSE
COMPLETE signal.
Related Links:
Description of the DOS-A and DOS-B PCBs on page 40
3.4 Description of the backup dose count

This is a description of the backup dose count of the dosimetry system for the digital accelerator.
The dosimetry system has an LCD module installed in the TCC. The LCD module counts the 1
MU pulses from the DOS-A PCB independently. An LCD display shows the measured dose count
value.
The LCD module has battery backup. Therefore if a mains power supply failure occurs, the LCD
module records the backup dose count. The LCD display continues to show this value. Software
item i448 also records the backup dose count.

Description of the temperature and pressure monitor circuits of the dosimetry system
Refer to the Corrective Maintenance Reference Manual for the digital accelerator for more
information about the software items.
3.5 Description of the temperature and pressure monitor

circuits of the dosimetry system
This is a description of the temperature and pressure monitor circuits of the dosimetry system of the
digital accelerator.
The dual temperature and pressure circuits monitor the temperature at the BLD and the local
atmospheric pressure. The sensors are installed as follows:
• The pressure sensors are installed on the DPT and SIB PCBs.
• The two temperature sensors are installed on one of the arms to which the ion chamber
attaches in the collimator assembly.
The system sends the temperature and pressure data to the TCS through the SCC and AI12 PCBs.
Treatment is not permitted if there is a difference between the dual circuits. If there is a drift in
temperature or pressure during treatment, radiation stops. The temperature and pressure values
correct the dose_ref levels for changes in ambient atmospheric conditions.
3.6 Description of the -320 V PSU system

This is a description of the -320 V system used in the dosimetry system.
An auxiliary PSU in the RHCA (Area 12) supplies a -320 V polarized voltage to the ion chamber.
A coaxial cable supplies the polarized voltage from the auxiliary PSU to the ion chamber. The
dosimetry PCBs continuously monitor the polarized voltage, and an interlock terminates the
delivery of treatment if the polarized voltage is more than or less than the defined limits.
3.7 Description of the dosimetry software control

This is a description of the software control for the dosimetry system of the digital accelerator.
The functions of the dose integrator, are on the second dosimetry PCB for safety. The TCS also
keeps a total of delivered MU and calculates the dose rate. The software controls the
synchronization of the dose measurements. If the dose measurements are not in synchronization,
the radiation stops.
The PLAs on the dosimetry PCBs hold some of the dosimetry control program. This is known as
the control firmware. The firmware gives three basic conditions for the dosimetry PCBs:
• Idle
• Wait Acknowledge
• Radiation Off.
A 1 MU pulse or a software reset gives the condition of the PCB. At the end of a successful
treatment, the dosimetry PCBs are in the Radiation Off condition.
The TCS reads each counter load operation as it completes, to make sure that the operation was
successful. When the command sequence is completed, before the start of the treatment, the
software examines the status of the dosimetry PCBs.
During treatment, the software monitors the operation of the two dosimetry PCBs, and does a
check of the values that follow:

Description of the dosimetry software control
• Total dose count

• Segment dose counter
• Calibration monitor
• Status bits.
• The software calculates the timing and calibration differences between the two PCBs.
Treatment stops if the PCB values are different by more than a preset quantity.
Related Links:
List of the dosimetry status bits on page 36
List of the typical software command sequence on page 36
List of the dosimerty control bits on page 37
3.7.1 List of the typical software command sequence
This is a list of the typical dosimetry software command sequence.
Table 3.1 Typical software command sequence
Signal Name Action

WR10H (CD9) SOFTWARE WRITE Loads the dose counters.
WR10H (CD8) DOSE RESET ON Changes the dosimetry PCB from
DOSE RESET OFF the Radiation Off to the Idle
machine state.
The firmware makes sure that the
counters can only be loaded in the
Idle machine state.
WR15H WRITE CALIBRATION VALUE Loads the calibration latch with the
value for the next treatment.
WR12H WRITE SEGMENT DOSE VALUE Loads the segment dose counter.
WR11H WRITE TOTAL DOSE VALUE Loads the total dose.
SOFTWARE WRITE PROTECT ON
3.7.2 List of the dosimetry status bits
This is a list of the dosimetry status bits of the dosimetry status word, which gives their function and
correct status.
Bit Function and correct status

0 This is high when the TOTAL DOSE completes.
1 This is high when the SEGMENT DOSE completes.
2 This is low when the DC OFFSET is at its minimum value (0 V from DAC)
-30 mV into PCB.
3 This is high when the DOSE MU count output is low (SEG_DOSE_COUNT_L
TP82 TP64).

Description of the dosimetry software control
Bit Function and correct status

4 This is low when the DC OFFSET is at its maximum value (4 V from DAC)
-34 mV into PCB.
5 This is low when the OUT OF RANGE interlock operates (>511 samples out
of range of the ADC).
6 This is high when a one rail fault occurs, this includes the 4V6 watchdog.
7 This is high when the MAXIMUM DOSE RATE interlock operates (>1099
MU/min).
8 This is low when the dosimetry is set again.
9 This is high when the software write protection is active.
10 This is high when the dummy dose is active.
11 This is high when the HT relay is on. This reads of the condition of the relay
drive on the dose PCBs.
12 This is high when an illegal write occurs.
13 This is high when an MU count is NOT acknowledged before a different
count occurs (MISSED).
14 This is low when the dose PCB senses an input/output fault condition.
15 Not used.
3.7.3 List of the dosimerty control bits
This is a list of the dosimetry control bits and their functions.
Read bit of address 0x10 Control bit Bit function

0 to 7 Not used
8 0 When it is set low, resets the dosimetry
9 1 When it is set high, enables software write protection
10 2 When it is set high, applies a dummy dose
11 3 Not used
12 4 When it is set high, force terminates the treatment
13 to 15 Not used
3.7.4 Description of the time critical software of the dosimetry system
This is a description of the time critical software of the dosimetry system for the digital accelerator.
During treatment, some parts of the control software send signals to the TCS as they occur. The
TCS uses these signals to control the software operations.
An integrator makes the 1 MU pulses which decreases the count of the total dose counter. The
system also sends these pulses through status bit 0, as COUNT pulses, to the TCS. This updates the
value displayed on the software dose counter.
Each 1 MU pulse sets the PCB firmware condition from IDLE to WAIT ACKNOWLEDGE. It goes back
to the IDLE condition when it receives a COUNT ACKNOWLEDGED signal (WR17H) from the TCS.
If a second 1 MU pulse occurs before the COUNT ACKNOWLEDGED signal, the firmware changes

System Description of the Dosimtery System
the condition to TREATMENT TERMINATE. This gives the error signal COUNT NOT
ACKNOWLEDGED.
During treatment, the TCS reads the segment dose counter to do a check of the dose rate. The dose
rate value goes to the TCS for display during treatment.
3.8 System Description of the Dosimtery System
3.8.1 Description of the Ion chamber
This is a description of the ion chamber in the digital accelerator.

The ion chamber senses the radiation that the digital accelerator delivers. The ion chamber
changes the sensed radiation to a small electrical current that is a measurement of the radiation
dose rate (ionization/second). The ion chamber sends this dose rate signal to the dosimetry PCBs
measure this signal.
The ion chamber is in the collimator assembly (Area 25), between the secondary filter and the auto
wedge assembly. The ion chamber is in the path of the radiation beam.
The ion chamber assembly has:
• Three -320 V polarized plates
• Two dose plates
• A servo plate.
These are assembled in four ceramic rings (see Table 3.2). The table gives the information about
the function and position of each plate in relation to the target.
Table 3.2 Function and position of the ion chamber plates
Ceramic ring Plate Function Position

1 Servo This monitors the Adjacent to the target
distribution of the
beam to give servo
control and report
errors.
2 -320 V Polarized voltage
-320 V Polarized voltage
3 Dose plate A This gives the dose
signal for dosimetry
channel A.
Dose plate B This gives the dose
signal for dosimetry
channel B.
4 -320 V Polarized voltage Farthest from the
target
For more information about the types of ion chamber see the Elekta Oncology Products Service
Parts Catalog.

Table 3.3 Description of the ion chamber plates
Item Description
Dose plates and servo The two dose plates have of a pair of Mylar® sheets, which have an
plates outer carbon fiber layer and ceramic insulation. Dose plate A uses
one Mylar® sheet as the dose plate for dosimetry channel A. Dose
Plate B uses the other Mylar® sheet as the polarized plate for the
opposite servo plate.
The Mylar® sheets are photo-etched to keep sensitive areas clear.
The plates have circuit paths that go to the contacts in the ceramic
insulation. The two dose plates and the servo plate are open to the
air, therefore software temperature and pressure correction are
applied.
Plate size The dose plates in the ion chamber have areas of different size at
the isocenter of the radiation beam (see Figure 3.2, Figure 3.3 and
Figure 3.4).
Polarized plates There are three polarized plates, which are supplied with the same
polarized voltage. The polarized plates give full coverage of the
collector plate area to give the electric field.
The RHCA (Area 12) supplies the -320 VDC polarized voltage to
the ion chamber through a coaxial cable. The voltage is measured
at the ion chamber. If the voltage is missing, an inhibit prevents the
operation of the digital accelerator.
10.9cm
Figure 3.2 Dose 1 plate coverage at the isocenter

22.2cm
Figure 3.3 Dose 2 plate coverage at the isocenter
A D
A B = 5.8 cm
A C = 16.5 cm
A D = 7.3 cm
F
A E = 15.3 cm
E
A F = 18.2 cm
Figure 3.4 Servo plate coverage at the isocenter
3.8.2 Description of the DOS-A and DOS-B PCBs
This is a description of the types of printed circuit board (PCB) in the dosimetry system of the digital
accelerator and their function.
There are two dosimetry PCBs in the RHCA of the digital accelerator, DOS-A and DOS-B. These
use digital signal processors (DSP) to do their functions.
See Figure 3.5 for a block diagram of the DOS PCB.

001652
Figure 3.5 DOS PCB block diagram
There are two dose plates in the ion chamber that operate independently, therefore PCBs DOS-A
and DOS-B operate in dosimetry channels 1 and 2. The TCS monitors the two PCBs respectively.
Each dosimetry PCB receives the current pulse output from the related dose plate in the ion
chamber. The PCB measures and records the total dose and the segment dose for each treatment.
The dosimetry PCBs have fault protection circuits. If these operate, they stop the delivery of
radiation. The fault protection circuits include a handshake between the dosimetry electronics and
the TCS for each 1 MU. If radiation pulses go into the PCB but no counts are output, then a

watchdog circuit causes the beam to stop. The keeps the independence of primary and secondary
dosimetry.
The dosimetry PCBs also gives:
• The adjustment of minor to moderate leakage to extend the life of the ion chamber.
• A continuous self-test function of each PCB so that the PCB can stay serviceable in strict
tolerances.
• A monitor to check that the input signal does not cause an incorrect dose collection.
3.8.2.1 Operation of system dose measurement
This is a description of the operation of the system dose measurement for the DOS PCBs.
The dosimetry PCB changes the current from the ion chamber to a voltage and then a digital value.
The PCB reads a sample of the current of a typical radiation pulse approximately 200 times. This
gives an input with a very large, linear, dynamic range.
The radiation is in pulses as is the current from the ion chamber. The digital signal processor
(DSP) uses this to accurately calculate the value of the input when there is no radiation. The DSP
then subtracts this background value from the signal. This adjusts for electronic offsets and leakage
current. If the system increases to the adjustment limit, a status bit is set to prevent the operation
of the digital accelerator. You can view the status on the Dosimetry service page of the TCS.
With electronic offset leakage adjustment, only signals from the radiation pulse go through the
input step. The values from the digital input collect until they increase to the calibration value of
1/64 MU.
When the system increases to the calibration value, the DSP decreases the segment and the beam
counters and sets the input accumulator to a value of zero. The control system does not read the
lower bits of the beam counter. This keeps the current 1 MU resolution. Because the same signals
are used to decrease the two counters, the counter keeps the count as multiple segments are
delivered.
3.8.2.2 Operation of the FPGA control
This is a description of the operations of the field programmable gate array control of the dosimetry
PCB.
The dosimetry PCB has a field programmable gate array (FPGA) IC19. This controls the DOS PCB
and also gives the dose measurement. At power up a PROM (IC26) programs the FPGA. When the
program load is successful, LED1 comes on and a CONFIG_DONE signal is applied to the HT
relay output.
The FPGA interfaces with the system bus to send the dose measurements and receive dose
controls. The FPGA also interfaces with all the DOS PCB operations. It has a 20 MHz clock and
has a watchdog timer on the 3.3 V supply rail.
The FPGA also has a check circuit. This looks at the dose count output and makes sure that the
FPGA measures and acknowledges that the dose is the equivalent to the received dose.
The FPGA has a program interface (PL7) and a standard JTAG test connectior (PL6).
3.8.2.3 Operation of the DOS PCB receiver
This is a description of operation of the DOS PCB receiver.

The dose signal from the ion chamber is a number of pulses of approximately 100 µs in width. On
the DOS-A PCB the signal is terminated with a 150 kW resistor. On the DOS-B PCB the signal is
terminated with a 50 kW resistor in parallel with a 1 nF capacitor. This gives an equivalent pulse
height and shape for the two channels.

IC9 is an amplifier which increases and inverts the terminated signal. The signal is input to an
analog-to-digital converter (ADC) IC27. During the change of the signal, IC5 and IC14 add a DC
offset. This has three functions:
• To move the dose signal, so that the noise is in the range of the ADC
• To adjust the DC errors in the amplifiers or ADC
• To adjust DC errors in the dose signal, caused for example, by ion chamber leakage.
The FPGA (IC19) sends a strobe signal at 1 µs intervals to the ADC to start the dose signal sample.
The ADC sends the sample data as a number of Serial bits (dose_data) to the FPGA, which does
the processing of all the subsequent signals.
The comparator (IC18) senses each dose pulse of more than 100 mV at the dosimetry PCB input
(TP84). The dose output watchdog timer circuit reads the PULSE_PRESENT signal.
The FPGA uses the dose data to calculate the quantity of DC adjustment that is necessary to set the
60 mV DC level into the ADC. An ADC (IC5) and an inverter (IC14) apply the DC adjustment to
the dose signal. If the control loop runs out of the control range because of a circuit fault or too
much of a DC error in the dose signal, the dosimetry PCB terminates the treatment through an
inhibit.
Figure 3.6 DOS PCB dose plate input
3.8.2.4 Operation of the dose measurement
This is a description of the operation of the dose measurement of the DOS PCB.
See Figure 3.7 the dose measurement part of the DOS PCB performs the operations that follow:
• Dose integrator
• Segment dose measurement
• Excess dose measurement
• Signal out of range measurement
• Dummy dose measurement

Figure 3.7 DOS PCB dose measurement
For information about dose measurement see Table 3.4:
Table 3.4 Dose measurement
Function Description
Dose integrator The field programmable gate array (FPGA) has a dose integrator
function that collects the dose data samples from the analog-to-
digital converter (ADC). When the value increases to a calibration
threshold, this gives a count and ADC restarts. The calibration
threshold is defined as the dose of one 1/64 of an MU. This threshold
is set during calibration of the digital accelerator; therefore 1 MU is
equal to 1 cGy at a defined position in a water phantom.
The one sample count is the dose count and occurs 64 times for each
MU. The segment and the total dose counters use the dose count to
record the current dose quantity.
Segment dose At the start of a beam (dose period), the segment dose counter is
measurement loaded with a segment dose value. For each count from the dose
integrator the counter decreases. When the count value decreases to
0, the treatment is terminated until the next segment. The output of
the segment dose counter, signal SEGMENT_DOS_COMPLETE, is
set high (logic 1).
Total dose measurement At the start of a treatment, the total dose counter is loaded with a
total dose value. The counter is then decreased by one for each count
from the dose integrator. Therefore it is necessary to have 64
segment counts before the value of the total dose counter changes by
one.
The total dose counter gives each of the 64 counts as a MU output.
At this point the output of the total dose counter, signal
SEG_DOSE_COUNT, is set low (logic 0).
DOS PCB excess dose Two counters measure the number of segment counts that occur in a
measurement time of 0.262 seconds. If, at this time, one of the two counts is more
than 307 (equivalent to 1099 MU per minute), then the system
senses a dose that is too high. One counter is cleared 0.131 seconds

after the other. This makes sure that too high a dose is sensed in
0.262 seconds.
When too much dose is sensed, the treatment terminates by the
removal of power to the HT relay.
DOS-PCB signal out of The field programmable gate array (FPGA) has an out of range
range measurement interlock. This counts the input data samples where the ADC has
saturated. If there are more than 511 of these occurrences during a
treatment, then the treatment is terminated. This prevents errors in
the dose measurement that are caused by large pulses that are in
error or have too much negative noise. These conditions can effect
the accuracy of the measured dose.
DOS-PCB dummy dose Channel 2 uses a set dose level to make sure that the DOS-B PCB
measurement operates correctly with dose signals. This set level is put on the
digital-to-analog converter (DAC) output to simulate a constant
dose signal.
When the set level is applied, the treatment control system (TCS)
measures the dose count and makes sure that it is applicable for that
level of signal. The TCS also makes sure that the DOS-B PCB stops
the delivery of radiation if the DOS-A PCB does not stop the delivery
of radiation.
3.8.2.5 Operation of the system bus access and write protection
This is description of the operation of the system bus access and write protection of the DOS PCB.
The system bus has:
• 7-bit address bus
• 16-bit data bus
The read/write control bit R/W goes through the address bus buffer (IC3). This sets a read access
when high (logic 1) and sets a write when low (logic 0).
The field programmable gate array (FPGA) uses the strobe signal STROBE to start bus transfers.
When low (logic 0), the STROBE signal tells the PCB that the address and write data are stable on
the system bus and can be read (see Figure 3.8).

Figure 3.8 DOS PCB system bus and signals
When IC4 receives a STROBE signal, it sends a signal BOARD ACK through the system bus if the
address word is for the dosimetry PCB.
If the data is read from the dosimetry PCB, a signal DATA_VALID is sent through the system bus.
IC 1 and IC 2 are active and read the system bus most of the time. This keeps the dosimetry PCB
on and controls the data to the FPGA. When a read signal is decoded to the dosimetry PCB, the
direction pins (pin 1) are set high. This sets the data in the opposite direction and puts the data on
the system bus. The MTU PCB then reads the data and sets the STROBE high (logic 1).
The dosimetry PCB receives the system reset signal RESET which goes through a buffer IC4 to give
a RESET_IN signal. IC12 uses this to remove the power to the HT relay and terminate treatment
through IC6.
Write protection The dosimetry PCB uses the write protection to stop writes, that are in error,
to the PCB during treatment. The PCB sets HT_ENABLE_OUT which
terminates the treatment if it senses a write that is in error.
A write error is set in the status word (bit 12 of read address 10). This tells the
treatment control system (TCS) the error that caused the treatment to be
terminated.
The write protection has three conditions as follows:
• Hardware signal PRF_ENABLE which, when logic high, prevents
some bus access
• Hardware signal CCI which, when logic high, prevents some bus
access
• A software setting that is set by the system software at specified
points during operation to lock out more, unwanted settings of the
dosimetry PCB.

3.8.2.6 Operation of the DOS PCB voltage supplies
This is a description of the operation of the dosimentry PCB voltage supplies.
Figure 3.9 DOS PCB power supply and monitors
System backplane supplies The dosimetry PCB has three power rails from the system
backplane. These are:
• +5 V digital supply
• +15 V analog supply
• -15 V analog supply.
The DOS PCB supplies more voltages as follows:
• IC22 gives a +3.3 V digital power rail for the field
programmable gate array (FPGA) from the +5 V
digital supply.
• IC13 and IC16 supply +5 V and -5 V analog power
rails from the ±15 V power rails. These give a clean
supply for the analog section of the PCB.
• IC10 supplies a 4.096 V which is the reference voltage
from the +15 V power rail. This is for the analog-to-
digital converter (ADC) and the digital-to-analog
converter (DAC).
• IC20 supplies a 4.096 V which is the reference voltage
from the +15 V power rail. This is for the power rail
monitor ADC (IC17). It also supplies a positive offset
for the resistor networks that give the scale for the
negative voltage power rails.
-320V supply A -325 V supplies the ion chamber. The DOS A PCB has a
decreased version of this supply as a service item. This
decreased voltage levels is a nominal -6.86 V (±2% for external

tolerances) for the -325 V monitor output. The monitor output
works in the range of -300 to -350 V
Power supply monitors An eight bit analog-to-digital converter ADC (IC17) monitors
the supply rails on the dosimetry PCB. This converter reads a
sample of the decreased power rail voltages in sequence. It then
sends each eight bit digital value as serial data to the field
programmable gate array (FPGA).
The 4V_REF for the rail monitor ADC is monitored. A change
in its value shows up as a change in all the rail voltages.
If a supply rail operates out of tolerance then the treatment
terminates with the removal of the power to the HT interlock
relay through HT_ENABLE_OUT. You can use the DIP
switches and LEDs to find the defective rail. For more
information about the rail monitors see Table 3.5.
Table 3.5 Dosimtery power rail scaled voltages
Rail ADC Scaled ADC Test point Acceptable tolerance

channel voltage
-320 V ion chamber 0 0.38 V TP35 ±7.7% (300 to 350 V)
+15 V analog 1 3.75 V TP24 ±5% (14.24 to 15.75 V)
+5 V digital 2 3.0 V TP29 ±5% (4.75 to 5.25 V)
+5 VA analog 3 2.5 V TP28 ±5% (4.75 to 5.25 V)
+4.096V_REF_PSU 4 3.9 V TP53 ±4% (3.93 V to 4.26 V)
+3.3 V digital 5 1.5 V TP54 ±5% (3.13 to 3.47 V)
-5 VA analog 6 1V TP55 ±5% (-4.75 to -5.25 V)
-15 V analog 7 0.5 V TP58 ±5% (-14.24 to -15.75 V)
3.8.2.7 Operation of the DOS PCB LED indications and switch settings
This is a description of the operation of the dosimetry PCB LEDs that can help when you do
troubleshooting.
Each dosimetry PCBs has eight diagnostic LEDs. You can view them at the PCB edge in the system
rack. The LEDs are as follows:
• LED 1: this comes on for a short time after power up when the PROM on the PCB
programs the field programmable gate array (FPGA).
• LED 2: this flashes each second while the PCB operates correctly
• LEDs 3 to 8: these let you examine the condition of the dosimetry PCB. Different signals
are routed to these LEDs when you set DIP switches 1 to 4 and 8.
3.8.2.8 Operation of the DOS PCB watchdog circuits
This is a description of the operation of the dosimetry PCB watchdog circuits.

The dosimetry PCB has four watchdog circuits. If they operate, the watchdog circuits remove
power to the HT supply relay. The 3.3 V and 4.6 V watchdog circuits also give a power on reset
signal for 140 ms after power on (see Figure 3.10).

Figure 3.10 DOS PCB watchdog circuits

The four watchdog circuits are as follows:

• 3.3 V and field programmable gate array (FPGA)
• 4.6 V and rail monitor circuit
• Dose monitor
• System bus access watchdog.
See Table 3.6 for information about the watchdog circuits.
Table 3.6 Description of the watchdog circuits
3.3 V and FPGA The 3.3 V watchdog circuit gives a power on reset if the voltage on the 3.3 V
watchdog circuit digital supply drops to less than 3.08 V (-6.7%). This reset usually occurs after
the supply watchdog circuit senses a fault and terminates treatment as its
tolerance is only -5%.
A timer in the FPGA sends a signal to this watchdog circuit each 1.6 seconds.
If not, a power on reset occurs.
4.6 V and rail This watchdog circuit monitors the voltage on the +5 V digital rail and resets
monitor if the voltage drops to less than 4.6 V (-8%). This reset usually occurs after the
watchdog rail watchdog circuit senses a fault and terminates treatment as its tolerance is
only -5%. This watchdog circuit also does a check for activity on the serial
data from the power rail monitor.
Dose output IC18 senses each dose pulse of more than 100 mV and appears as a
monitoring PULSE_PRESENT signal. A binary counter IC23 counts these pulses. If the
watchdog circuit counter increases to 1024 pulses before the FPGA counts a monitor unit
(MU) signal, then there is a fault. The watchdog circuit resets until it receives
a dose reset signal or a correct MU count.
System bus access This watchdog circuit is in the field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA)
watchdog circuit firmware. The circuit checks for a STROBE signal in 0.213 second periods to
make sure that the system bus is active.
The timer resets at each system bus read or write. If there is no system bus
activity, this watchdog removes HT interlock relay power through
HT_ENABLE_OUT.
3.8.2.9 Operation of the DOS PCB HT radiation control
This is a description of the operation of the dosimetry PCB HT radiation control.

The HT relay output circuit is a field effect transistor (FET). Logic signals go through a pair of
AND gates on IC12, which control the FET. The FPGA monitors the HT output signal
HT_ENABLE (TP77) through R15 and IC7.
For information about the conditions that cause the dosimetry PCB to break the interlock chain
see Table 3.7.

Table 3.7 Interlock conditions
Control Signal name Condition to remove HT

source
Watchdogs 3V0_WATCHDOG_RESET The 3.3 V supply is too low or the FPGA
is unserviceable.
4V6_WATCHDOG_RESET The 5 V supply is too low or the rail
monitor circuit is unserviceable.
DOSE_COUNT_OVERFLOW The dose count output from the FPGA is
defective.
FPGA CONFIG_DONE The program is not loaded into the FPGA.
HT_ENABLE_OUT A force terminate is received.
HT_ENABLE_OUT The dosimetry is reset.
HT_ENABLE_OUT The total dose is complete.
HT_ENABLE_OUT A rail supply is unserviceable.
HT_ENABLE_OUT Missing dose count.
HT_ENABLE_OUT More than the maximum dose rate.
HT_ENABLE_OUT A write occurs that is not permitted for
the FPGA.
HT_ENABLE_OUT The FPGA timer is not reset.
HT_ENABLE_OUT The out of range interlock operates.
HT_ENABLE_OUT The FPGA test function is in operation.
System bus RESET_IN There is reset from a different PCB in the
system.
3.8.2.10 List of LED indications of the DOS PCBs
This is a list of the LED indicators of the DOS PCB.

Table 3.8 LED Indicators for the dosimetry PCB in usual mode
DIP switch Description LED Shows

selection
All DIP General PCB 3 FPGA internal reset.
switches off condition.
4 System external off PCB reset.
5 The I/O is defective (segment complete or relay or
segment count circuit unserviceable).
6 Maximum dose interlock or out of range interlock
or DC control loop at the limit.
7 • Write not approved
• Timer is defective
• Missing count
• Input/output is defective
• Dose count overflow.


selection
8 The rail is defective or the 3.3 V watchdog timer is
reset.
DIP switch 1 Digital rail failures. 3 Not used.
on
4 Not used.
5 +3.3 V digital rail measurement is defective.
6 The 3 V0 watchdog timer is defective.
7 The +5 V digital rail measurement is defective.
8 The 4V6 watchdog timer is defective.
DIP switch 2 Analog rail 3 The -15 V analog rail measurement is defective.
on failures.
4 The -5 V analog rail measurement is defective.
5 The +4.096 V analog rail measurement is defective.
6 The +5 V analog rail measurement is defective.
7 The +15 V analog rail measurement is defective.
8 The -325 V analog rail measurement is defective.
DIP switches Digital failure 3 The count is missing.
1 and 2 on related to system
4 The bus timer is defective.
bus PL1
5 Write not approved.
6 Dose count overflow.
7 The segment count is defective.
8 Not used.
DIP switch 3 Digital failure 3 The segment complete circuit is defective.
on related to PL2
4 The relay logic test circuit is unserviceable.
5 The relay circuit is defective.
6 Not used.
7 Not used.
8 Not used.
DIP 3 and 1 ADC MSBs (8 to 3) ADC input MSBs (11to 6)
on
DIP switches DAC MSBs (8 to 3) DAC output MSBs (11 to 6)
3 and 2 on
DIP switches Dose integrator (8 to 3) Integrator MSBs (16 to 11)
3, 2 and 1 on MSBs
DIP switch 4 Bits 3 to 0 for 3 High when the total dose is completed.
on status read address
4 High when the segment dose is completed.
0x10
5 Low when the DC offset is at its minimum value
(0 V from DAC) -31 mV into PCB.
6 High when the dose MU count output is low
(SEG_DOSE_COUNT_L TP82 TP64).


selection
7 Not used.
8 Not used.
DIP switches Bits 7 to 4 for 3 Low when the DC offset is at its maximum value
4 and 1 on status read address (4 V from DAC) +33 mV into PCB.
0x10
4 A low when the out of range interlock operates
(>511 samples out of range of the ADC).
5 High if the rails are defective, this includes the 4V6
watchdog timer.
6 High when the maximum dose rate interlock
operates >1099 MU/minute.
7 Not used.
8 Not used.
DIP switches Bits 11 to 8 for 3 Low when the dosimetry resets.
4 and 2 on status read address
4 High when the software write protection is active.
0x10
5 High when the dummy dose is active.
6 High when the HT relay is on. This is a read of the
condition of the relay drive on the dosimetry PCB)
7 Not used.
8 Not used.
DIP switches Bits 15 to 12 for 3 High when a not approved write occurs.
4, 2 and 1 on status read address
4 High when an MU count is not acknowledged
0x10
before a different count occurs (Missing).
5 Low when the dosimetry PCB senses an input/
output problem.
6 High when auxiliary integration applied.
7 Not used.
8 Not used.
DIP switches Control word 3 This bit is set low to reset dosimetry.
4 and 3 on writes to address
4 This bit is set high to set the software write
0x10
protection.
5 This bit is set high to apply a dummy dose.
6 Not used.
7 This bit is set high to terminate the treatment.
8 Not used.
DIP switches Signals of interest 3 Not used.
4,3 and 1 on
4 1 µs pulse segment count from the integrator.
5 High when the out of range interlock operates.
6 High when the maximum dose is more than the set
limit.


selection
7 High when a dummy dose applied.
8 There is a pulse from comparator IC18 (TP60).
DIP switches Dose counting 3 The FPGA senses the dose pulse.
4, 3 and 2 on signals
4 Segment count from dose integrator.
5 Segment_Dose_count_L out.
6 Segment_Dose_complete_H out.
7 1 MU count.
8 Total dose is completed.
DIP switches LED Test 2 The LED flashes eight times in a second (0.128 s).
4, 3, 2 and 1
3 The LED flashes four times in a second (0.256 s).
on
4 The LED flashes two times in a second (0.512 s).
5 The LED flashes each second (1.024 s).
6 On for a second each two seconds (2.048 s).
7 On for two seconds each four seconds (4.096 s).
8 On for four seconds each eight seconds (8.192 s).
DIP switch 8 DIP Test 2 On when DIP1 is on
on
3 On when DIP2 is on
3.8.3 Description of the dose pulse transmitter PCB
This is a description of the functions of the dose pulse transmitter (DPT) PCB of the dosimetry system
in the radiation head control area (RHCA) of the digital accelerator.
The dosimetry system has one DPT PCB that monitors the dose information directly from the
DOS-A PCB in the RHCA. The DPT PCB communicates with the iView™ computer through an
RS232 or RS422 serial link. The DPT PCB is installed in the RHCA.
The DPT PCB sends signals to and receives signals from the iView™ computer (see Figure 3.11).
The primary functions of the DPT PCB are:
• Send and receive the dose information to and from the iView™ computer.
• Sense when the dose rate increases to a preset limit, to transmit a start byte.
• Sense when the dose increases to a preset limit, to transmit a stop byte.
• Sense when the dose rate decreases to a fixed lower limit, to transmit a beam end byte.
• Send a status byte if the PCB receives a diagnostics code from the iView™ computer.

• Supply a self-test sequence if the PCB receives a self-test command from the iView™
computer.
• Measure and transmit the atmospheric pressure to the TCS.
Figure 3.11 Block diagram of the dose pulse transmitter PCB

The DPT PCB receives the dose information directly from the DOS-A PCB as a pulse signal. Each
pulse signal is 1/64 of a monitor unit (MU). The DPT sends this information to the iView™
computer through the serial link.
The PCB has a pressure transducer circuit which measures local atmospheric pressure. This lets
the dosimetry system make corrections for open chamber sensitivity to pressure.
An interlock circuit senses normally-open and normally-closed conditions on a 3-pin connector.
Table 3.9 Functions of the DPT PCB
Item
Pressure sensor The pressure sensor circuit gives a calibrated pressure output of 7.58
mV (±0.19 mV) for each millibar (mBar). Therefore an atmospheric
pressure (1000 mBar) gives approximately 7.58 V (±1%) when measured
at connector PL2-c29.
Programmable logic A programmable logic device (PLD) (IC6) contains the logic functions
device of the PCB. This includes the counters, machine states and other logic
functions of the PCB. An oscillator (IC3) connects to the PLD to give a
basic frequency of 3.6864 MHz and give the baud rate.
Setting the baud rate A quad dual-in-line switch (SW1) on the PCB lets you configure the
and interlock bypass baud rate and the interlock bypass condition of the PCB (see Table
3.10).
Switches SW1-1 to SW1-3 are set to make sure that the baud rate of the
serial communication port on the iView PC™ and the DPT PCB agree.
This is usually set at 9600 Baud.
Interlock bypass setting
• SW1-4 ON = interlock normally open
• SW1-4 OFF = interlock normally closed.
PROM configuration The PROM (IC8) holds the configuration data of the PLD. The PROM
uploads this data to the PLD at power up. If the PLD senses an error
during upload, the PLD uploads the configuration data again.
RS232/RS422 driver/ The DPT PCB has two serial communication channels, RS232 (IC7) and
receiver RS422 (IC5 and IC10). The communications can only occur on one
channel at a time through the inputs on opto-isolators (IC2 and IC4).
DC isolated area The DC-DC supply (IC1) and opto-isolators (IC2 and IC4) isolate the
DC circuits that connect to the RHCA.
Power supply The DPT PCB gets its +5 V and ±15 V supplies through the backplane.
Table 3.10 PSB/DPT PCB SW1 settings
OFF OFF OFF 1200

OFF OFF ON 1200
OFF ON ON 1200
OFF ON ON 2400
ON OFF OFF 4800
ON OFF ON 9600

ON ON OFF 19 200
ON ON ON 3840
3.8.3.1 LEDs on the DPT PCB
The table gives a list and description of the light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the the front panel of the
DPT printed circuit board (PCB). The LEDs are adjacent to connector TU1.
Figure 3.12 PSB/DPT PCB LED indicators
LED Color Description

Isol +5 V Green This comes on to show when
the DC power supply operates.
Test Amber This comes on in self-test
mode. The LED flashes at 1 Hz
intervals during usual
operation to show that the
programmable logic device has
automatically configured
correctly.

LED Color Description

Tx Amber This comes on when PCB
sends a data transmission.
I/L Amber This comes on when the
interlock circuit is in fault
condition.
Rx Amber This comes on when the PCB
receives a data transmission.
3.8.4 Description of the servo input board PCB
This is a description of the functions of the servo input board (SIB) PCB in the dosimetry system of
the digital accelerator.
The dosimetry system has one SIB PCB in the RHCA of the digital accelerator (see Figure 3.13) .

Figure 3.13 Servo input board PCB - block diagram
The SIB PCB uses digital signal processors to do its function. The SIB PCB:
• Receives the current pulses from the signal plates in the ion chamber
• Applies the error correction
• Supplies the servo and monitor signals.

These output signals control and monitor the current through the beam centering coils (2R and
2T), and to control the gun filament current.
The PCB has a self test facility.
See Table 3.11 for information about the SIB PCB.
Table 3.11 Description of the SIB PCB
Item Description
Input amplifiers The SIB PCB has six input plate signals:
• Two from the 2T plates of the ion chamber
• Two from the 2R plates of the ion chamber
• One from the inner hump plate, which monitors the level of
the energy in the center of the chamber
• One from the outer hump plate which monitors the level of
the energy level in the outer parts of the chamber.
The plate signals are very high impedance current sources which give
tear-drop shape current pulses of approximately 150 µs. An amplifier
receives each input plate signal. The amplifier changes the current
source into a low impedance voltage.
Digitizers Each of the low impedance voltages from the input amplifiers is
digitized to supply a 12-bit digital word. The rate is controlled at 1 µs by
the CLOCK output from the oscillator.
Oscillator Oscillator OSC1 is a 20 MHz CMOS clock that times the SIB functions,
Error correction The error correction part of the FPGA receives the six digital data
streams (6 × 20 Mbits/second). The FPGA has a function that gives an
accurate sum of the input plate signals during each pulse. DC offset
errors, from a number of sources, have an effect on each plate signal:
Rectifier Description The PPG PCB sends a BLANK synchronization signal to the SIB PCB as
a 1.25 MHz carrier that continues for 220 µs in all energy pulses. The
energy pulse operates through a range of 400 Hz (each 2.5 ms) to 6 Hz
(each 166 ms). The BLANK pulse starts to time the FPGA
accumulations.
Digital-to-analog The digital data from the FPGA is sent in sequence to six of 12 DACs in
converter one IC (IC11). These give a current output in scale with the plate charge
digital word.
FPGA The outputs from the DACs are supplied to the FPGA and then put on
the system bus (D0 to D16) through buffers.
Gun amplifiers The X-ray gun servo system keeps the correct machine energy. The gun
amplifiers make small adjustments to the nominal gun current if there
are changes in magnetron power and frequency.
The X-ray flattening filter gives a flat X-ray field at the correct energy
setting. If the energy changes because of offsets or other changes in the
system, the X-ray field cannot stay flat:
• If the energy increases, this can cause the dose rate in the
center of the field to increase.
• If the energy decreases, this can cause the dose rate in the
center of the field to decrease.

Item Description
The X-ray gun servo system uses this property to sense if there is an
energy change with the two hump plates. The difference between the
two hump plate inputs causes an error signal. This corrects the direction
of the nominal level of gun current set by the operator.
The operation of the electron gun servo system is almost the same as the
X-ray system. In Electron mode, the inner hump signal is compared to a
DC reference voltage. The difference between these two voltages causes
an error signal, which sets the gun current to its nominal level.
3.8.5 Description of the liquid crystal displays and printed circuit board
This is a description of the LCD PCB which displays the dose count, and the control and
communication status of the dosimetry system.
The LCD PCB displays the dose count and the control and communication status of the dosimetry
system. A 4-digit LCD displays the dose count. Six LEDs show the status of the control and
communications system.
The LCD PCB is installed on the front panel of the TCC (Area 92). The user can easily see the LCD
and the LEDs.
The LCD PCB has a battery which supplies power to the dose count display if the primary
electrical supply goes off. The power failure circuit charges the battery.
The LCD PCB receives the dose information as one pulse for each MU. A 16-bit counter reads and
changes the count to operate four 7-segment displays. If there is a power failure, the last count is
latched into the converter. Before the display can be updated, it is necessary to reset the the latch.
The LCD PCB sends status signals to the TCS if the battery and oscillator are serviceable, and the
dose count is latched. The TCS can read the dose count in two bytes in time.
A 70 Hz waveform modulates the drive to the displays.
The LCD PCB is connected to the LIB.
The control sequence that the LCD PCB does at the start of each treatment is as follows:
• The TCS reads and does a check of the LCD counter against the dose for the previous
treatment.
• The BATTERY TEST signal is set low. After 80 ms the TCS does a check of the BATTERY
OK (board status) signal to make sure that it is low.
• The TCS does a check of the status to make sure that the OSCILLATOR OK and the COUNT
LATCHED signals are set high.
• The RESET DOSE READOUT signal is set low. After 5 ms, the TCS checks to make sure
that the OSCILLATOR OK is high and the COUNT LATCHED signal is low.
• The TCS does a check of the dose counter to make sure that it is at a value of zero.
3.8.6 Description of the -320 V system
This is a description of the operation of the -320 V system of the dosimetry system.
See the Elekta Digital Linear Accelerator System Diagrams manual for more information.
The -320 V system has a nominal voltage of -325 V. The monitor circuit has a range from -300 to
-350 V.
An auxiliary PSU in the BLD control area (Area 12) supplies the -320 V for the ion chamber
through a coaxial cable. In the ion chamber the ionizing voltage is supplied, in serial, to each plate.

The voltage is then applied to a potential divider network, where it is decreased to approximately
-6.8 V. The decreased voltage is sent through a coaxial cable to two dosimetry PCBs (PCB12B and
PCB12S) in Area 12.
The dosimetry PCBs monitor the voltage and, if the voltage goes out of limits, sends a signal to
software item i506 D1 supply or i456 D2 supply. The DOS-A PCB (PCB12E) also applies a
positive offset and sends the monitored voltage to the TCS. This gives an analog input to the SCC/
AI12 PCBs. Software item i189 -320V mon monitors this analog voltage, and has defined voltage
limits set during calibration.
3.8.6.1 -320V control items
The table gives a list of the control items which monitor the power supplies in the -320V system of the
dosimetry system.
Table 3.12 -320V control items
Number Item Description

i189 -320V mon This item monitors the -320 V supply to the ion
chamber.
i456 Dose channel 2 supply A hardware status bit that shows a fault in the
power supplies to dosimetry channel 2. The
monitored supplies are:
• +15V
• -15V
• +6.3 V ref
• -300V
• +5V
i506 Dose channel 1 supply A hardware status bit that shows a fault in the
power supplies to dosimetry channel 1. The
monitored supplies are:
• +15V
• -15V
• +6.3 V ref
• -300V
• +5V
3.8.6.2 -320V control PCBs
The table gives a list of the printed circuit boards (PCBs) which control the operation of the -320V
system of the dosimetry system.
Table 3.13 -320V control PCBs
PCB Area Position

AI12 12 PCB12A
SCC-RHA 12 PCB12B
AUX PSU 12 BLD control area

3.8.7 Description of the temperature and pressure subsystem
This is a description of the operation of the temperature and pressure subsystem of the dosimetry
system.
See drawing Elekta Digital Linear Accelerator System Diagrams 4513 330 7048 Sheet 3 for more
information.
The temperature and pressure subsystem has dual circuits that measure the local atmospheric
pressure and temperature at the Beam Limiting Device (see Figure 3.14). Pressure and
temperature sensors give the data inputs for the temperature and pressure subsystem. A pressure
sensor on each of the DPT and SIB PCBs give the atmospheric pressure input. Two temperature
sensors on the collimator assembly give the temperature inputs.
Figure 3.14 Dosimetry temperature and pressure subsystem
The SCC-A and SCC-B PCBs supply a 10 V reference voltage to the two temperature sensors. The
sensors decrease the voltage to 0 V through resistors on the SIB PCB and the DPT PCB. The
temperature signals go through the SCC and AI12 PCBs to software items i224 and i226.
The DPT and SIB PCBs energize the pressure sensors. The pressure signals go through the SCC/
AI12 PCBs and are applied to software items i558 and i559.
The TCS receives the temperature and pressure data through the SCC and AI12 PCB pairs.
Treatment is not permitted if there is a difference between the temperature or pressure circuits.
During treatment, the delivery of radiation stops if there is a drift in the temperature or pressure
circuit.
3.8.7.1 Control items of the temperature and pressure subsystem
The table gives a list of the control items for the temperature and pressure subsystem of the dosimetry
system.
Table 3.14 Control items for the temperature and pressure subsystem
Item Name Reference

i224 Dos.temp1
i226 Dos.temp2

Item Name Reference

i558 Pressure 1
i559 Pressure 2 Digital Accelerator Corrective
Maintenance Reference Manual
i770 Dos temp diff
i771 Dos temp diff
i772 Temp change Digital Accelerator Corrective
i773 Pressure change
3.8.7.2 Control PCBs of the temperature and pressure subsystem
The table gives a list of the control PCBs of the temperature and pressure subsystem of the dosimetry
system.
Table 3.15 Control PCBs of the temperature and pressure subsystem
PCB Position Reference

AI12-RHA 12A
AI12-RHB 12U Digital Accelerator Corrective Maintenance System
Communications Manual
SCC-RHA 12B
SCC-RHB 12V
3.8.8 Description of the dosimetry system control
This is a description of the control items and PCBs that control the operation of the dosimetry system.
See Figure 3.15 for a block diagram of the dosimetry system.
Figure 3.15 Block diagram of the dosimetry system control circuit

3.8.8.1 Control and monitor control items
The table gives a list of the items that control and monitor the operation of the dosimetry system.
Table 3.16 Control and monitor control items of the dosimetry system
Item Name Reference

i033 Beam MU 1
i034 Beam MU 2
i035 Seg MU 1
i036 Seg MU 2
i043 Nom.D/rate
i044 D/rate 1
i045 D/rate 2
i167 D/rate Err
i314 Dose ref 1 Digital Accelerator Corrective
i315 Dose ref 2
i316 Dummy dos1
i317 Dummy dos2
i362 Bm.MU1 set
i363 Bm.MU2 set
i364 Sg.MU1 set
i365 Sg.MU2 set
i366 Dose Diff
i433 PRF set
i444 Smpl valid
i466 D2 reset dose
i467 D2 Wr.prot.set
i469 D2 reset off
i470 D2 Force term.
i471 D1 reset dose
i472 D1 Wr.prot.set
i473 D1 dummy D en.
i474 D1 reset off
i475 D1 Force term. Digital Accelerator Corrective
i478 D2 ack.cnt
i479 D1 ack.cnt
i480 D2 Wr.prot off

Item Name Reference

i483 D1 Wr.prot off
i484 Plates sum
i485 PRF valid
i488 Dos.Cap.on
i514 D1 mod.set
i515 D2 mod.set
3.8.8.2 Control and monitor control PCBs
The table gives a list of the PCBs that control and monitor the operation of the dosimetry system.
Table 3.17 Control and monitor control PCBs of the dosimetry system
PCB Position Reference

MTU-RHA 12F Digital Accelerator Corrective Maintenance
MTU-RHB 12P Digital Accelerator Corrective Maintenance
DIE-RHA 12H Digital Accelerator Corrective Maintenance
DIE-RHB 12N Digital Accelerator Corrective Maintenance
ROC-RHA 12J Digital Accelerator Corrective Maintenance
ROC-RHB 12L Digital Accelerator Corrective Maintenance
3.8.8.3 Conditions that cause an HT relay interlock
The table gives a list of the dosimetry system conditions that can cause an HT relay interlock through
the HT radiation control circuit of the DOS PCB. If the HT relay interlock operates, it stops the
radiation delivery immediately.
Table 3.18 Conditions that cause an HT relay interlock
Control Signal name Condition

source
Watchdogs 3V0_WATCHDOG_RESET 3.3 V power supply is too low or an FPGA
failure.
4V6_WATCHDOG_RESET 5 V power supply is too low or a rail monitor
circuit failure.
DOSE_COUNT_OVERFLOW Dose count output from the FPGA failure.
FPGA CONFIG_DONE The program was not loaded into the FPGA.
HT_ENABLE_OUT A force terminate signal received.

Control Signal name Condition

source
A dosimetry reset is in operation.
The total dose count was completed.
A rail power supply failure.
A dose count is missing.
The maximum dose rate was exceeded.
An illegal write occurred.
The FPGA timer did not reset.
The out of range interlock operated.
The self-test function is in operation.
System bus RESET_IN A different PCB in the system caused a
dosimetry reset.

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Troubleshooting for the Dosimtery System
4 Troubleshooting for the Dosimtery System

Section Title Page
4.1 Correcting faults in the dosimetry systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

4.2 Correcting a fault in the dosimetry channel power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.3 Correcting a dosimetry pressure fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.4 Correcting a dosimetry temperature fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

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Correcting faults in the dosimetry systems
4.1 Correcting faults in the dosimetry systems

This is the procedure for troubleshooting of the dosimetry system.
In Clinical mode, a dosimetry system error shows as a low dose (i665 Low Dose Rate), dose
channel difference (i366 Dose Diff) or a dose error (i167 D/rate Err).
The symptoms that show a possible fault in the ion chamber are:
• A movement in the dosimetry output
• Dosimetry channel leakage
• Ion chamber signals that are not stable
• Incorrect operation of the servo system
• No ion chamber signal.
See Table 4.1 for information about troubleshooting the dosimetry system.
Table 4.1 Troubleshooting for the dosimetry system
Item Description
i665 Low Dose Mon This software item checks that the dose rate is not less than 75%
of the possible value. The item collects the dose samples (in
0.001 MU) that are less than 75% of the possible dose rate. The
item terminates if the low dose is more than the 10000 (10 MU)
limit.
i366 Dose Diff This item measures the dose difference which is calculated from
the monitored segment MU. The limits can be set to cause beam
termination. The range is ±100 MU.
i604 Ch1 Overrun This item gives a message to tell the user that:
• after a normal termination by dosimetry channel 1,
dosimetry channel 1 senses a dose count of a
minimum 1 MU during the Channel 2 check.
A system reset is necessary to clear the fault.
i507 D1 Ex.rate These items have hardware status bits which are set when the
i457 D2 Ex.rate dose rate is more than 1099 MU/minute.
i506 D1 supply These items have hardware status bits that show if there is a
i456 D2 supply fault in the dosimetry supply. The supplies examined are:
• +15 V
• -15 V
• +6.3 V ref
• -320 V
• +5 V.
i513 D1 cnt NAK These items have hardware status bit which show two counts on
i463 D2 cnt NAK the beam counter but the software did not acknowledge the first.
i475 D1 Force term The system uses these items to terminate the dose counting
i470 D2 Force term. system. This is usually terminated manually but can also be
from an internal problem such as a processor time out. The
items can only operate after the PRF is stopped.

Correcting a fault in the dosimetry channel power supply
Item Description
i504 D1 tst lnk These items show the hardware status bits which are set if the
i454 D2 tst lnk test link is installed. If the test link is installed, it is only possible
to operate in test mode.
i512 D1 ill.wrt These items show the hardware status bits that are set if an
i462 D2 ill.wrt illegal write operation occurs.
i484 Plates sum This item shows the sum of all the servo plates from the ion
chamber.
i511 D1 rly off These items show the hardware status bits that are set if the
i461 D2 rly off dosimetry channel is enabled. A fault status or the end of beam
on the hardware counters disable the relay. A dosimetry reset
enables the relay again. These items are active if the dose rate is
too high, for example, >800 MU/min.
4.2 Correcting a fault in the dosimetry channel power supply

This is the recommended procedure to use to do the troubleshooting to correct a fault in the
dosimetry channel power supply if the i506 D1 Supply or i456 D2 Supply inhibit occurs.
1 Make sure that the digital accelerator is in the Ready To Start/HT On machine state.
2 Use the table that follows to do the troubleshooting if the dosimetry channel power supply
inhibit stops the radiation delivery. Do the steps in sequence until the dosimetry channel
inhibit clears.
If Then
The i506 D1 Supply 1 Do a check of the power supplies to the DOS A PCB.
error/inhibit is
displayed. This item 2 If it is necessary replace the defective power supply.
shows a dose channel
hardware status bit that
shows if there is a fault
in a dosimetry channel 1
power supply.
A i456 D2 Supply is 1 Do a check of the power supplies to the DOS B PCB.
displayed. This item
shows a dose channel 2 If it is necessary replace the defective power supply.
hardware status bit that
shows if there is a fault
in a dosimetry channel 2
power supply.
4.3 Correcting a dosimetry pressure fault

This is the recommended procedure to use to do the troubleshooting to correct a dosimetry pressure
fault if a dosimetry pressure inhibit occurs.
1 Make sure that the digital accelerator is in the Closed, Preparatory, or higher machine state.
2 Use the table that follows to do the troubleshooting if a dosimetry pressure inhibit stops the
radiation delivery. Do the steps in sequence until the dosimetry pressure inhibit clears.

Correcting a dosimetry temperature fault
If Then
The i771 Pressure Diff error/inhibit is The pressure difference between the two
displayed. pressure sensors is more than 3 mbar.
1 Calibrate the dosimetry pressure.
The pressure difference continues. 1 Replace the SIB PCB.

2 Replace the PSB/DPT PCB.
3 Remove the rubber dust cover if it is
installed on the SIB or DPT PCBs.
Note: The rubber dust cover can

have an effect on the
barometric pressure.
The i773 Pressure Change error/inhibit is The dosimetry pressure change is more than
displayed. 3 mbar since the start of treatment.
1 Replace the SIB PCB.
2 Replace the PSB/DPT PCB.
The i558 Pressure 1 or i559 Pressure 2 error/ The dosimetry pressure change is more than
inhibit is displayed. 100 mbar from the mean value.
Related Links:
Calibrating the dosimetry pressure on page 91
4.4 Correcting a dosimetry temperature fault

This is the recommended procedure to use to do the troubleshooting to correct a dosimetry
temperature fault if a dosimetry temperature inhibit occurs.
1 Make sure that the digital accelerator is in the Closed, Preparatory, or higher machine state.
2 Use the table that follows to do the troubleshooting if a dosimetry temperature inhibit stops
the radiation delivery. Do the steps in sequence until the dosimetry temperature inhibit clears.
If Then
The i770 Dose Temp The temperature difference between the two temperature sensors
Diff error/inhibit is is more than 1 °C.
displayed.
1 Calibrate the dosimetry temperature.
The temperature 1 Replace the temperature sensors.

difference continues.
The temperature 1 Replace the SCC PCB.

difference continues.
2 Replace the AI12 PCB.

Correcting a dosimetry temperature fault
If Then
The i772 Temp Change The dosimetry temperature change is more than 1 °C since the
error/inhibit is start of treatment.
displayed.
1 Calibrate the collimator temperature sensor.
The temperature change 1 Replace the collimator temperature sensor.

continues at more than
1 °C.

Service Parts Repair of the Dosimtery System
5 Service Parts Repair of the Dosimtery System

Section Title Page
5.1 Replacing the DOS-A and DOS-B PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

5.2 Replacing the servo input board PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.3 Replacing the HDRE attenuator PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.4 Recording the centering coil and gun currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.5 Removing the collimator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.6 Removing the ion chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.7 Installing the ion chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.8 Installing the collimator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

— Blank page —

Replacing the DOS-A and DOS-B PCBs
5.1 Replacing the DOS-A and DOS-B PCBs

This is the procedure to replace the DOS-A and DOS-B PCBs in the radiation head control area
(RHCA) of the digital accelerator.
WARNING 5.1
Record the part numbers of the replacement parts when you replace a part. Do the
applicable test, set up, and calibration procedures for the replacement parts before clinical
operation. If you ignore this warning, you can cause clinical mistreatment.
WARNING 5.2
warning, you can cause fatal injury.
1 Disconnect the electrical supply to the RHCA.
Note: Obey the ESD procedures and precautions when you do work in a control area. If you ignore this
2 At the RHCA (AREA 12), remove the RF EMC screen that gives the control area protection.
3 Remove the screws and nuts that attach the bar, and remove the bar.
CAUTION 5.1
strap. If you ignore this caution, you can cause damage to the equipment.
4 Put on an antistatic wrist strap.
5 At the applicable DOS PCB, pull out the red levers on the front edge of the PCB.
This releases the PCB from the rear connector on the backplane of the control area.
6 Carefully remove the DOS PCB from the PCB rack.
7 Make sure that the replacement DOS PCB has the correct configuration and part number, see
the Service Parts Catalog for information about the PCB.
8 Carefully push the DOS PCB into its card slot until the edge connector of the PCB touches the
backplane connector.
9 Continue to push the PCB until the connectors fully engage.
10 At the RHCA (AREA 12), install the screws and nuts to attach the bar to the rack.
11 Remove the antistatic wrist strap.
12 Install the RF EMC screen.
13 Connect the electrical supply to the RHCA.
14 Calibrate dose A and dose B.

Replacing the servo input board PCB
5.2 Replacing the servo input board PCB

This is the procedure to replace the servo input board (SIB) PCB in the radiation head control area
WARNING 5.3
WARNING 5.4
1 Disconnect the electrical supply to the RHCA.
CAUTION 5.2
5 At the applicable SIB PCB pull out the red levers on the front edge of the PCB.
6 Carefully remove the SIB PCB from the PCB rack.
7 Make sure that the replacement SIB PCB has the correct configuration and part number, see
the Service Parts Catalog for information about the PCB.
8 Carefully push the SIB PCB into its card slot until the edge connector of the PCB touches the
backplane connector.
14 Calibrate the items that follow:
– 2T and 2R current
– gun current control
– hump gain
– Dose level.

Replacing the HDRE attenuator PCB
5.3 Replacing the HDRE attenuator PCB

This is the procedure to replace the HDRE attenuator PCB in the radiation head control area
The HDRE attenuator PCB is only installed on digital accelerators that have the HDRE system.
WARNING 5.5
WARNING 5.6
1 Disconnect the electrical supply from the RHCA.
Note: Do not touch the PCBs and other electronic parts unless you wear a grounded antistatic wrist strap.
The result can be an electrostatic discharge and a malfunction. If you ignore this caution, you can
cause damage to the equipment.
5 At the front edge of the HDRE attenuator PCB, pull out the red levers.
6 Carefully remove the HDRE attenuator PCB from the PCB rack.
7 Make sure that the replacement HDRE attenuator PCB has the correct configuration and part
number, see the Service Parts Catalog for information about the PCB.
8 Carefully push the HDRE attenuator PCB into its card slot until the edge connector of the
PCB touches the backplane connector.

Recording the centering coil and gun currents
5.4 Recording the centering coil and gun currents

This is the procedure to record the centering coil and gun currents, and the i189 -320V Mon value for
the digital accelerator set up and calibration.
You must record the centering coil and gun currents for each available energy setting to set up the
digital accelerator. You must record the value of i189 (320V Mon) value to calibrate the digital
accelerator.
For example, after an ion chamber replacement, you must use the recorded values of this
procedure to set up and calibrate the digital accelerator correctly.
1 Rotate the gantry to 0°.

2 Log on to Service Mode.
3 Click Display Service Pages.
The Display Service Pages dialog box opens.
4 Click Deliver Quick Beam.
The Deliver Quick Beam dialog box appears.
5 In the Radiation Type list, select XRAY.
6 In the Energy list, select 6 MV.
7 In the Wedge list, select OUT.
8 In the Beam MU1 box type 29980.
9 In the Dose Rate box type an applicable dose rate.
10 Click the MLC tab.
The MLC tab opens.
11 In the MLC Shape list, select PATIENT PLANE LEAKAGE.
12 Click Load.
13 Click Override Machine Item.
The Override Machine Item dialog box opens.
14 In the Interlock Group list select Interlock Group 8.
15 Click Confirm.
The Beam Delivery dialog box opens.
16 At the FKP, press the MV START button.
17 Load the Beam Control page.
18 Set the Item 161 and Item i183 to 1 (Auto).
19 When the beam is stable, record the Part 4 values of (see Table 5.1):
– i164 2R I Control
– i165 2T I Control
– i327 Gun I Control.

Removing the collimator
Table 5.1 Steering current parameters
Hospital
Name of engineer
Machine number Date
i64 2R Ctrl i65 2T Ctrl i327 Gun l i65 2T Ctrl i327 Gun l
Energy Part 4 Servo Part 4 Servo Part 4 Servo Part 4 Servo Part 4 Servo
AUTO AUTO AUTO MANUAL MANUAL
X-LOW
X-MID
X-HIGH
E4
E6
E8
E10
E12
E15
E18
E20
E22
20 From the Beam Control page, set the Gun Servo and 2R Servo to 0 (MANUAL).
21 When the beam is stable, in the Table 5.1, record the Part 4 values of:
– i164 2R I Control
– i327 Gun I Control.
22 Do steps 6 to 21 again for each available X-ray and electron energy.
23 Load the Area Voltages service page.
24 Record the value of Item 189.
5.5 Removing the collimator

This is the procedure to remove the collimator from the BLD.
Prerequisites
Special tools
• Hoist
• Lifting straps
• Eye bolts
WARNING 5.7

Removing the ion chamber
WARNING 5.8
1 Set the gantry to 0°.

2 Do an X-ray to light field test and record the results.
3 Rotate the gantry to 180°.
4 Rotate the BLD to ±90°.
5 Install the bolts to attach a locking bar at each end of the gantry drum to:
– The center of the support wheel
– The attachment point on the outer surface of the gantry drum.
6 At the gun end of the gantry arm, install the bolts to attach the rear support bar to:
– The support bracket
– The nut at the attachment point in the site floor.
7 At the reeling interface cabinet (RIC), set the circuit breaker CB7 to off.
8 Remove the BLD (see the BLD Corrective Maintenance Manual for more information).
9 Remove sufficient lead shielding from the gantry arm to lift the collimator.
10 Remove the three nuts and washers that attach the collimator to the gantry arm.
11 Disconnect the red cable from the bending fine magnet on the side of the gantry arm.
12 Disconnect the ground (earth) cables from the PCB on the side of the collimator.
13 Disconnect all the connectors from the mounting bracket on the side of the collimator.
14 Install the two eye bolts on the collimator.
15 Attach the lifting straps to the eye bolts and the hoist.
16 Carefully lift the collimator away from the gantry arm .
17 Make sure that the cables do not catch on the equipment while you lift the collimator.
18 Put the collimator on a clean work surface away from the work area.
19 Install the target shield.
5.6 Removing the ion chamber

This is the procedure to remove the ion chamber from the digital accelerator.
WARNING 5.9
WARNING 5.10

Removing the ion chamber
CAUTION 5.3
Do not touch the ion chamber with your bare hands, always wear gloves. If you touch the ion
chamber with your bare hands the grease from your fingers can cause damage to the ion
chamber.
1 Remove the collimator.

2 Put on the protective gloves.
CAUTION 5.4
Do not touch the ion chamber unless you wear a grounded antistatic wrist strap. The result
can be an electrostatic discharge and a malfunction. If you ignore this caution, you can cause
3 Put on the antistatic wrist strap and do a test of the connection to ground.
4 Install the two screws that attach the protective cover to the top of the ion chamber.
1
4
2 5
3 3
Figure 5.1 Removal of the ion chamber
(1) Ion chamber (4) D-type connector

(2) Long mounting bracket (5) Short mounting bracket
(3) Screws (6) Heater tray
5 Disconnect the D-type connector (4) from the ion chamber.
6 Remove the cap-head screw (M4 × 10 mm) that attach the short mounting bracket to the
body of the ion chamber.
7 Remove the cap-head screw (M4 × 25 mm) that attach the long mounting bracket to the body
of the ion chamber.
8 Carefully remove the ion chamber (1) and the heater tray (6).
9 Install the two screws that attach the protective cover to the bottom of the ion chamber.
10 Remove the four M4 cap-head screws that attach the mounting brackets and heater tray to the
ion chamber.
11 Remove the mounting brackets and the heater tray.
12 Keep the mounting brackets, screws, and the heater tray.

Installing the ion chamber
Related Links:
Removing the collimator on page 81
5.7 Installing the ion chamber

This is the procedure to install the ion chamber on the digital accelerator.
WARNING 5.11
WARNING 5.12
CAUTION 5.5
chamber.
1 Put on the protective gloves.

2 Remove the replacement ion chamber from the packaging.
,
CAUTION 5.6
Do not touch the ion chamber unless you wear a grounded antistatic wrist strap. The result
can be an electrostatic discharge and a malfunction. If you ignore this caution, you can cause
3 Put on the antistatic wrist strap and do a test of the connection to ground.
4 Attach the long bracket (2) and the short bracket (5) to the ion chamber (1) with the four
screws (see Figure 5.2.

Installing the collimator
1
4
2 5
3 3
Figure 5.2 Installation of the ion chamber
(1) Ion chamber (4) D-type connector

(2) Long mounting bracket (5) Short mounting bracket
(3) Screws (6) Heater tray
5 Remove the two screws and remove the bottom protection plate from the ion chamber. Keep
the screws and the protection plate.
6 Carefully install the ion chamber.
7 Attach the short bracket (5) to the collimator with the screw.
8 Attach the lead shielding plate with the two screws.
9 Attach the long bracket (2) with the screw.
10 Connect the D-type connector (4) to the ion chamber (1).
11 Remove the two screws from the top protection plate of the ion chamber .
12 Keep the top protection plate on the top until immediately before you attach the BLD to the
collimator.
13 Install the collimator.
Related Links:
Installing the collimator on page 85
5.8 Installing the collimator

This is the procedure to install the collimator in the digital accelerator.
Prerequisites
Special tools

Installing the collimator
• Hoist
• Lifting straps
• Eye bolts
WARNING 5.13
WARNING 5.14
1 Make sure that the dowel pins, which hold the collimator to the magnet plate, are correctly in
their positions.
2 Attach the lifting straps to the eye bolts.
3 Carefully lift and move the collimator in position for installation.
4 Before you lower the collimator, make sure that all the cables are clear of the installation area.
WARNING 5.15
Do not put your hands below the collimator as it is lowered. If it is necessary, use wood
blocks to hold the weight of the collimator. If you ignore this warning, it can cause serious
injury and damage to equipment.
Note: If it is necessary to lift the collimator during the installation, you must lift it clear of the dowel pins.
This lets you make sure that the location of the dowel pins in the magnet plate is correct. You can
then engage the collimator on the dowel pins, fully lower the collimator, and attach it to the magnet
plate.
5 Slowly and carefully lower the collimator. Make sure that the cables to the bending fine
magnet does not catch in the equipment.
6 Connect all the connectors to the mounting bracket on the side of the collimator.
7 Connect the ground (earth) cables to the PCB on the side of the collimator.
8 Connect the red cable to the bending fine magnet on the side of the gantry arm.
9 Install the lead shielding in the gantry arm.
10 Make sure that the target shift mechanism operates freely.
11 Install the three nuts and washers to attach the collimator to the magnet plate.
12 Install the BLD (see the BLD Corrective Maintenance Manual for more information).
13 Set the gantry to 0°.
14 Do an X-ray to light field test at the isocenter.
15 Compare the results with those recorded in the removal task. Make sure that no large
differences are apparent.
Related Links:
Removing the collimator on page 81

Set-up, Test and Calibration of the Dosimtery System
6 Set-up, Test and Calibration of the Dosimtery

System
Section Title Page
6.1 Setting the plate signals of the Ion chamber to zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

6.2 Calculating the X-ray reference dose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6.2.1 Calibrating the electron dose rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6.3 Calibrating the dosimetry temperature and pressure system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
6.3.1 Calibrating the dosimetry temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
6.3.2 Calibrating the dosimetry pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
6.4 Calibrating the -320 V monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
6.5 Testing the dosimetry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
6.5.1 Doing a test of the ionization chamber dose leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
6.5.2 Doing a functional test of the dosimetry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
6.6 Calibrating the nominal dose rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
6.7 Calibrating the dose rate monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
6.7.1 Calibrating the low dose rate monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

— Blank page —

Setting the plate signals of the Ion chamber to zero
6.1 Setting the plate signals of the Ion chamber to zero

The procedure to set the plate signals of the ion chamber to zero.
1 Log on to Service Mode.

3 Select X-ray as the Radiation Type.
4 Select a low energy beam.
5 Open the Override Machine Item dialog box.
6 Select Interlock Group 8.
7 Set i181 to 0 (Manual).
8 Set i327 to 4.00.
9 Load the Calibration service page.
10 Type 190 in Cal. item 1.
11 Type 0 in Cal Value.
12 Do steps 10 to 11 again for.
– i191
– i192
– i193
– i194
– i195.
13 Make sure that all six plates of the ion chamber read 0 ±0.03.
14 Set Cal Item 1 to 0.
15 Click the Save icon.
WARNING 6.1
Do not save the calibration data until you make sure that all the parameters are correct.
When you save the calibration data, the system saves a full Linac Calibration. If you ignore
this warning, it can cause clinical mistreatment.
16 Select Save LINAC calibration.
17 Set i181 to 1 (Auto).
6.2 Calculating the X-ray reference dose

The procedure to calculate the X-ray reference dose of the digital accelerator.
Prerequisites
Test equipment:
• Farmer ionization chamber dosemeter
• 20 x 20 polystyrene phantom
1 Set a standard 0.6 cc Farmer ionization chamber in a 20 cm × 20 cm polystyrene phantom.

2 Adjust the position of the phantom until the surface is at 95 cm. The ion chamber is then at a
depth of 5 cm (isocenter).
3 Set the diaphragms to a field size of 10 cm × 10 cm.
4 Set up the lowest energy X-ray quick beam of 400 MU with a dose rate of 200 MU.

Calculating the X-ray reference dose
5 Set up the Farmer ionization chamber, corrected for temperature and pressure.
6 Make three exposures in Interlock Group 7.
7 Record the value of each exposure.
8 Calculate the average value of the three exposures.
9 Select the Dose Reference Calculator.
10 In the Delivered Dose boxes, type the number of MU delivered for each dosimetry channel.
11 In the Measured Dose box, type the value calculated in step 8 .
12 Click the Set Ref 1 and Set Ref 2 buttons to set the new reference dose values.
14 Select Save Energy Cal.Blocks.
15 Do steps 1 to 14 again for all other X-ray energies.
16 Make sure that there is a minimum of 400 cGy/min and a maximum of 850 cGy/min at each
X-ray energy. For 4MV, the minimum level is 350 MU/min.
6.2.1 Calibrating the electron dose rate
The procedure to calibrate the electron dose rate of the digital accelerator.
Prerequisites
Test equipment:
• Water phantom
Note: Table 6.1 gives the USA F Electron Specification.

3 Set the phantom to measure integrated dose.
4 Install a 10 cm × 10 cm electron applicator.
5 Set the phantom surface to 95 cm SSD.
6 Set the probe to the applicable depth (see Table 6.1.
Table 6.1 Electron Measurement Depths
Energy (MeV) Depth (mm)

E4 DMAX
E6 DMAX
E8 to E22 (Energy/6) ±0.5
7 For each Electron energy, deliver beams of 100 MU. Record a minimum of three results to
make sure that you can do the test again.
8 Calculate the average value of the three results.
9 Select the Dose Reference Calculator.
10 In the Delivered Dose boxes, type the number of MU delivered for each dosimetry channel.
11 In the Measured Dose box, type the value calculated in step 8 .
12 Click the Set Ref 1 and Set Ref 2 to set the reference dose values.
13 Click Save.
14 Select Save Energy Cal.Blocks.

Calibrating the dosimetry temperature and pressure system
15 For each Electron energy, deliver three beams in sequence. Make sure that the dosimetry
parameters of each beam are in specification.
Related Links:
Calibrating the dosimetry pressure on page 91
Calibrating the dosimetry temperature on page 91
6.3 Calibrating the dosimetry temperature and pressure

system
6.3.1 Calibrating the dosimetry temperature
The procedure to calibrate the dosimetry temperature of the digital accelerator.
Prerequisites
Thermometer with an accuracy of ±0.5°C.
1 Rotate the gantry to 180 ±1°.

2 Put the thermometer on to the beam limiting device (BLD).
3 Let the temperature become stable.
5 Type 224 in Cal.item 1.
6 Type the measured temperature (in °C) in Cal.value
Use the format 2650 = 26.5°C.
8 Do step 6 again.
WARNING 6.2
When you save the calibration data, the system saves a full Linac Calibration. If you ignore
11 Click Save LINAC Calibration.
6.3.2 Calibrating the dosimetry pressure
The procedure to calibrate the dosimetry pressure.
Prerequisites
Test equipment:
• Calibrated barometer with an accuracy of 0.1 mbar.
Table 6.2 Software items
i558 Pressure 1 i559 Pressure 2

Calibrating the -320 V monitor
1 Open the Edit Machine Item Parts dialog box.

2 Type into i558 the part 10 and part 11 values that are recorded on the Pressure pressure
sensing/dose pulse transmitter PCB.
3 Type into i559 the part 10 value that is recorded on the servo input board (SIB) PCB.
5 Type 558 into Cal.item 1.
6 Measure the pressure with the barometer.
Type the shown pressure (in mBar) into Cal.value use the format 1006 = 1006 mBar.
8 Do step 6 again.
9 In the Edit Machine Item Parts dialog box, type the measured pressure into part 1 of i558
and i559.
10 Type 0 into Cal.item 1, which removes the selection from i559.
WARNING 6.3
When you save the calibration, data, the system saves a full Linac Calibration. If you ignore
12 Select Save LINAC Calibration.
13 Make sure that the recorded values for part 10 on the DPT PCB and the servo input board
(SIB) PCB are not more than 40.
A value of more than 40 can show a sensor that is not stable.
6.4 Calibrating the -320 V monitor

This is the procedure to calibrate -320 V system after repair.
Prerequisites
Test equipment:
• Multimeter
• BNC-T connector (75Ω).
Table 6.3 Software item
i189 -320V Mon
1 Put the BNC-T connector in line with SK12-FF and PL12-FF in the RHCA (Area 12).
2 Connect a multimeter to the other end of the BNC-T connector.
5 Disconnect the BNC-T connector from SK12-FF.
6 Type the value 0 into Cal Value .
7 Connect the BNC-T connector to SK12-FF.
8 Type the measured value into Cal Value as a negative four-digit value.
For example, -3200 for a measured value of 320.0 V.

Testing the dosimetry system
9 Type 0 into Cal.item 1 to remove the selection from i189.

11 Select Save LINAC Calibration.
12 Make sure that the Limit high parameter is set to -3050 and Limit low is set to -3300.
13 Disconnect the multimeter and the BNC-T connector.
14 Connect PL12FF to SK12-FF in the RHCA.
6.5 Testing the dosimetry system
6.5.1 Doing a test of the ionization chamber dose leakage
This is the procedure to make sure that the ion chamber dose leakage is not more than the set limits.
Table 6.4 Software items
i044 D/rate 1 i045 D/rate 2

2 In the Radiation list, select X-ray.
3 In the Energy list, select the lowest X-ray energy.
4 Click Confirm.
5 Click Calibration.
The five secondary functions appear.
6 Click Calculate Reference Dose .
The Calculate Reference Dose dialog box appears.
7 Click Set (600).
This sets the interval to 10 minutes.
8 Click Service Functions.
The Service Functions window opens.
9 Click Edit Machine Item.
the Edit Machine Item Parts dialog box appears.
10 In the Item boxes, type i044 and i045, and press ENTER.
11 In the Part boxes for the two items, type part 152, and press ENTER.
12 Record the values of part 152 for the two items.
13 After 5 minutes ±30 seconds, record the values of part 152 for the two items.
14 Compare the values recorded in steps 12 and 13 .
The difference between the start and stop indications for each channel must not be more than
128 (for example, 2 MU).
6.5.2 Doing a functional test of the dosimetry system
This is the procedure to do a functional test of the dosimetry system to make sure that it is stable.
Software items

Calibrating the nominal dose rate
i484 Ion Plate Sum
1 Log on toService Mode.

2 Click Display Service Pages.
The Display Service Pages dialog box appears.
3 Load the Service Graphing page.
4 Make a plot of i484 against time.
5 Select Deilver Quick Beam.
The Deilver Quick Beam dialog box appears.
6 From the Deilver Quick Beam dialog box:
a In the Radiation Type list, select XRAY.
b In the Energy list, select the lowest energy electron beam.
c In the Wedge list, select OUT.
d In Beam MU1 select an applicable value.
e In Dose Rate type in 400.
7 Make a plot of i484 against time for 15 minutes.
8 Examine the plot, and make sure that the value does not change by more than 5%.
9 Do steps 1 to 8 again at the highest electron energy.
6.6 Calibrating the nominal dose rate

This is the procedure to calibrate the nominal dose rate of the digital accelerator.
The calibrated nominal dose rate gives the possible dose rate for the delivery of a segment at a
given energy. Each energy has a calibrated nominal dose rate. Part 134 of Item 44 holds this value
in the Energy Cal. Block.
This procedure is only applicable if the actual dose rate is frequently lower or higher than the
necessary dose rate.
Note: Make sure that the digital accelerator is warmed up before you start the calibration of the nominal
dose rate.
Note: See the Digital Accelerator Corrective Maintenance Reference Manual for more information about
the machine Items.
1 On the primary function toolbar, click Service Functions.

2 On the secondary function toolbar, click Deliver Quick Beam.
3 On the Radiation tab, select:
– The Radiation Type
– The Energy for calibration
– OUT for the Wedge position.
4 Click the MLC tab.
5 In the MLC Shape list, select an MLC leaf shape.
6 When the set values are correct, click Confirm.

Calibrating the dose rate monitor
7 On the function keypad (FKP), press the MV START key to start the beam.
8 At the bottom of the Deliver Quick Beam dialog box, make sure that the bar indicator
becomes yellow and a dose rate value appears.
9 On the secondary function toolbar, click Display Service Pages.
The Display Service Pages dialog box appears.
10 Click Defaults.
11 Adjust the machine items to make sure that the digital accelerator operates at the maximum
dose rate.
12 Click Load.
The Service Page Selection dialog box appears.
13 In the Pages Available list, select Calibration.
14 Click OK.
15 Set Cal.item 1 to 44.
16 Set Learn enable to 1.
17 On the secondary function toolbar, click Edit Machine Item Parts.
The Edit Machine Item Parts dialog box appears.
18 Select Item 44 and Part 134.
Item 44 Part 134 automatically adjusts to show the dose rate for the current energy.
19 Make sure that Item 44 Part 134 has a constant value.
Learn enable automatically updates to show 0.
20 Set Cal.item 1 to 0.
21 On the primary function toolbar, click Save .
The Save Linac Database and CalBlock dialog box appears.
22 Click Save Energy Cal. Block.
23 At the Beam Delivery dialog box, click Terminate to stop the beam.
24 Do the steps 1 to 23 for each available energy.
6.7 Calibrating the dose rate monitor
6.7.1 Calibrating the low dose rate monitor
The procedure to calibrate the low dose rate monitor of the digital accelerator.
The digital accelerator has a dose interlock that collects differences between the actual dose rate
and the selected dose rate. The actual dose rate must be in a defined range of the selected dose rate
or the related dose rate interlock stops the beam. Therefore, the accurate setting of the nominal
dose rate for each energy is very important.
The low dose rate monitor records the actual dose rate delivered. The stability timer, Item 665
Part 135 (the units are in 125 ms), lets the dose rate become stable before the low dose rate
monitor starts to record. You can adjust this function for a slow beam start.
Note: For Fast Tuning Magnetrons, the limit of the stability timer is 2.5 seconds (20 units). For Non-Fast
Tuning Magnetrons, the limit of the stability timer is 5.0 seconds (40 units).
If the actual dose rate is less than 75% of the selected dose rate, the system records the difference. If
the difference is 10 MU or more, the beam stops. This can occur on a digital accelerator with a

Calibrating the dose rate monitor
slow start. If a slow start occurs, the low dose rate monitor can record before it increases to the
selected dose.
Note: When a new beam loads, the difference is set to zero.
1 Click Service Functions on the primary function toolbar.

2 Click Display Machine Item on the secondary function toolbar.
3 Type 665 in the Item box, and then press the ENTER key.
4 Set the value of Part 110 to 0.
5 Open the Deliver Quick Beamdialog box, and deliver a radiation beam.
Note: Make sure that you set up an MU value that is sufficient to complete this procedure.
6 Make sure that the value of Item 665 Part 110 is 0.

7 If the value of Part 110 is more than 0, do step 8 or step 9.
8 In the Edit Machine Item dialog box:
a Increase the value of the Part function of the stability timer Item 665 Part 135.
b Click Save Primary Function.
c In the Save Linac Database and CalBlocks dialog box, click Save Energy CalBlocks.
9 Adjust the beam start, see the Corrective Maintenance Manual - Beam Physics System.
10 Do step 5 to step 9 again.
11 Do this procedure again for each available energy.
Note: Calibration of the nominal dose rate is necessary for the low dose rate monitor to operate correctly.
Related Links:
Calibrating the nominal dose rate on page 94

List of Warnings and Cautions

WARNING 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Do not use this equipment unless the electrical power supply is connected to a grounded earth
to prevent an electrical shock. If you ignore this warning, you can cause fatal injury.
WARNING 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A warning is information about procedures, tasks, or conditions, where the result can be fatal
or serious injury, injury, or clinical mistreatment, if you do not obey the instructions.
CAUTION 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A caution is information about procedures, tasks, or conditions, where the result can be
damage to the equipment, data, or the environment, if you do not obey the instructions.
WARNING 1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Do not use parts or accessories that are not approved by Elekta. The result can be incorrect
radiation delivery and other safety risks. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury or
clinical mistreatment.
WARNING 1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Do not lift or move heavy parts unless you obey the applicable Health and Safety regulations
and procedures. If you ignore this warning, it can cause serious injury.
WARNING 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Do not use a visual display unit (VDU) unless you obey the applicable Health and Safety
regulations and procedures. If you ignore this warning, it can cause injury.
WARNING 1.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Do not operate the equipment unless the QA checks are satisfactorily completed, or if you
know, or think that the equipment is defective or incorrectly calibrated. If you ignore this
warning, you can cause fatal injury, clinical mistreatment, and damage to the equipment.
WARNING 1.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Do not remove, change, or override the switches, interlocks, or other safety devices unless
special instructions in this document tell you to. The result can be incorrect radiation delivery
and other safety risks. When the work is completed, set all the safety devices again and do a test
of them. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury or clinical mistreatment.
WARNING 1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Do not start to do work on the digital accelerator before you isolate the power to the work area
at the interface cabinet. You can get a high voltage electric shock. If you ignore this warning, it
can cause fatal injury.
WARNING 1.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Do not remove the covers or cables from the equipment unless special instructions in this
document tell you to. The covers give access to high voltage electric parts. Always install the
covers and cables again before you use the equipment. If you ignore this warning, it can cause
fatal injury.
WARNING 1.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Do not remove the covers from the equipment unless special instructions in this document tell
you to. The covers give access to parts that move. Always install the covers again before you use
the equipment. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury.

WARNING 1.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Be careful when the power supply switch of the equipment is put in the off position. There
continues to be a risk of high voltage electric shock. Some of the customer interfaces can
continue to supply electrical power to the electrical terminals. If you ignore this warning, it can
cause fatal injury.
CAUTION 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
strap. The result can be an electrostatic discharge and a malfunction. If you ignore this caution,
you can cause damage to the equipment.
CAUTION 1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Do not touch the parts identified with the ESD caution label. Always obey the ESD safety
precautions when you do work on these parts. If you ignore this caution, you can cause damage
to the equipment.
WARNING 1.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Do not use the equipment in rooms that contain explosive or flammable gases. High levels of
oxygen, and some anesthetic gases and disinfectant sprays, are explosive or flammable. If you
ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury and damage to the equipment.
WARNING 1.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Do not put portable or mobile radio frequency (RF) communication devices, or other electrical
devices, near the equipment. If you ignore this warning, you can cause fatal injury, clinical
mistreatment, and damage to the equipment.
WARNING 1.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Do not use the accessories, transducers, and cables unless they are specified by Elekta. If you
ignore this warning, you can cause fatal injury and clinical mistreatment.
WARNING 1.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Do not look into the ultraviolet light without protective glasses when the Agility™ BLD covers
or crosswires screen are removed. If you ignore this warning, it can cause serious injury to your
eyes.
WARNING 1.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Do not look into the laser beams. The laser beams can cause damage to your eyes. If you ignore
this warning, the laser beams can cause serious injury to your eyes.
WARNING 1.17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Do not do maintenance work, or make modifications to the equipment unless you are a
qualified person and have the applicable authority. The result can be incorrect radiation
delivery and other malfunctions. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury and clinical
mistreatment.
WARNING 1.18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Do not touch the flight tube, bending magnet, or other parts near to them until a check for
induced radioactivity is completed. The risk can be excessive exposure to radioactivity. If you
ignore this warning, it can cause serious injury.
WARNING 1.19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Do not move radioactive material (by air, sea, or land) unless you obey the applicable laws and
regulations for induced radioactivity and disposal of radioactive material of the jurisdictions
through which the movement occurs. If you ignore this warning, it can cause serious injury and

WARNING 1.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Do not clean the equipment, or use a disinfectant spray, before you isolate the equipment from
the electrical supply. You can get a high voltage electric shock. If you ignore this warning, it can
cause fatal injury.
WARNING 1.21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Do not use a spray that is explosive or flammable. The fumes from such sprays can cause an
explosion or start a fire. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury and damage to the
equipment.
CAUTION 1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Do not let water and other liquids go into the equipment. The results can be electrical short
circuits and metal corrosion. If you ignore this caution, it can cause damage to the equipment.
CAUTION 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Do not use a spray to clean the medical equipment room. The spray can go into the equipment.
The results can be electrical short circuits and metal corrosion. If you ignore this caution, it can
cause damage to the equipment.
WARNING 1.22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
The expected service life of this equipment is 15 years of normal use. Because of wear of parts,
the risk of malfunctions can increase after 10 years of operation. Before you continue operation
after 10 years, complete the regular extended life checks. If you ignore this warning, it can cause
fatal injury.
WARNING 1.23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Do not move or discard radioactive and hazardous material unless you are a qualified person
and have an applicable license. Obey the laws and regulations of the jurisdiction for disposal
and movement of these materials. If you ignore this warning, it can cause fatal injury and
WARNING 5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Record the part numbers of the replacement parts when you replace a part. Do the applicable
test, set up, and calibration procedures for the replacement parts before clinical operation. If
you ignore this warning, you can cause clinical mistreatment.
WARNING 5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
at the interface cabinet. You can get a high voltage electric shock. If you ignore this warning,
you can cause fatal injury.
CAUTION 5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
WARNING 5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
WARNING 5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

CAUTION 5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
WARNING 5.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
WARNING 5.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
WARNING 5.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
WARNING 5.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
WARNING 5.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
WARNING 5.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
CAUTION 5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
chamber.
CAUTION 5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Do not touch the ion chamber unless you wear a grounded antistatic wrist strap. The result can
be an electrostatic discharge and a malfunction. If you ignore this caution, you can cause
WARNING 5.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
WARNING 5.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

CAUTION 5.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
chamber.
CAUTION 5.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Do not touch the ion chamber unless you wear a grounded antistatic wrist strap. The result can
be an electrostatic discharge and a malfunction. If you ignore this caution, you can cause
WARNING 5.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
WARNING 5.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
WARNING 5.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Do not put your hands below the collimator as it is lowered. If it is necessary, use wood blocks
to hold the weight of the collimator. If you ignore this warning, it can cause serious injury and
damage to equipment.
WARNING 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Do not save the calibration data until you make sure that all the parameters are correct. When
you save the calibration data, the system saves a full Linac Calibration. If you ignore this
warning, it can cause clinical mistreatment.
WARNING 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
you save the calibration data, the system saves a full Linac Calibration. If you ignore this
WARNING 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
you save the calibration, data, the system saves a full Linac Calibration. If you ignore this

— Blank page —

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www.elekta.com Human Care Makes the Future Possible
Corporate Head Office: Regional Sales, Marketing and Service:
Elekta AB (publ) North America Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia Pacific, Hong Kong,
Box 7593, SE-103 93 Stockholm, Sweden Atlanta, USA Middle East & India China
Tel: +46 8 587 254 00 Tel: +1 770 300 9725 Tel: +44 1293 544 422 Tel: +852 2891 2208
Fax: +46 8 587 255 00 Fax: +1 770 448 6338 Fax: +44 1293 654 321 Fax: +852 2575 7133
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04 Dosimetry

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04 Dosimetry

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Digital Linear Accelerator

Corrective Maintenance Manual for the Dosimetry System

Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04

Acknowledgement of other trademarks

WORLDWIDE PRODUCT MANUFACTURING CENTER – ONCOLOGY

Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04 Digital Linear Accelerator

1 General safety and regulatory information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3 Product Description of the Dosimetry System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4 Troubleshooting for the Dosimtery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

5 Service Parts Repair of the Dosimtery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

6 Set-up, Test and Calibration of the Dosimtery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Digital Linear Accelerator Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04

Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04 Digital Linear Accelerator

List of Figures and Tables

Table 1.2 Labels found on Elekta equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Table 1.3 Safe levels of radiation applicable in the UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Table 2.1 Product configurations of Elekta digital linear accelerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Table 2.2 Definitions for approved persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Figure 2.1 Conventions for the directions of the digital accelerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 3.1 Block diagram of the dosimetry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 3.1 Typical software command sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Table 3.2 Function and position of the ion chamber plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 3.3 Description of the ion chamber plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Figure 3.2 Dose 1 plate coverage at the isocenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Figure 3.3 Dose 2 plate coverage at the isocenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Figure 3.4 Servo plate coverage at the isocenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Figure 3.5 DOS PCB block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Figure 3.6 DOS PCB dose plate input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Figure 3.7 DOS PCB dose measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Table 3.4 Dose measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Figure 3.8 DOS PCB system bus and signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Figure 3.9 DOS PCB power supply and monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Table 3.5 Dosimtery power rail scaled voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Figure 3.10 DOS PCB watchdog circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Table 3.6 Description of the watchdog circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Table 3.7 Interlock conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Figure 3.11 Block diagram of the dose pulse transmitter PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Table 3.9 Functions of the DPT PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Digital Linear Accelerator Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04

Table 3.10 PSB/DPT PCB SW1 settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 3.12 PSB/DPT PCB LED indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Figure 3.13 Servo input board PCB - block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Table 3.11 Description of the SIB PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Table 3.12 -320V control items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Table 3.13 -320V control PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Figure 3.14 Dosimetry temperature and pressure subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Table 3.15 Control PCBs of the temperature and pressure subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Figure 3.15 Block diagram of the dosimetry system control circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Table 3.18 Conditions that cause an HT relay interlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Table 4.1 Troubleshooting for the dosimetry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Table 5.1 Steering current parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Figure 5.1 Removal of the ion chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Figure 5.2 Installation of the ion chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Table 6.1 Electron Measurement Depths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Table 6.2 Software items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Table 6.3 Software item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Table 6.4 Software items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04 Digital Linear Accelerator

1 General safety and regulatory information

1.1 Compliance of the equipment with international standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Digital Linear Accelerator Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04

Document ID: 4513 370 2099 04 Digital Linear Accelerator

1.1 Compliance of the equipment with international