c o m mot-l n oun t-

Name Class Due date

Language explained E
Everything has a name, even the words that name things. We call these naming words
nouns. There are many types of nouns, and each type has a special function. ln this
unit, we look at common nouns. These are words that we use to name a person,
animal. place or thing.
Common nouns:

. name ordinary things-for example, television, house

. do not use capital letters (except at the beginning of a sentence)

. describe a general thing rather than a particular thing: for example , mountain is a
common noun whereas Mount Kosciuszko names a particular mountain.
t
Language in use
1 Which of the following are common nouns? Circ1e your answers.
mother Canberra dictionary Australia Mrs Jones
internet brother Sunday Antonio pilot
2 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

" As he sat on the grass and looked across the river, a dark hole in the bank opposite, just
above the water's edge, caught his eye, and dreamily he fell to considering what a nice snug
dwelling-place it would make for an animal with few wants and fond of a bijou riverside
, residence, above flood level and remote from noise and dust. As he gazed, something bright
and small seemed to twinkle down in the heart of it, vanished,
bank (n.) edge of a river
then twinkled once more like a tiny star. But it couid hardly be
o a star in such an unlikely situation; and it was too glittering
snug (adj.) comfortable, cosy
]

dwelling (n.) a place to Iive in

and small for a glow-worm. Then, as he looked, it winked bijou (adj.) smaIt, compact
at him, and so declared itself to be an eye; and a small face residence (n.) a person's home

began gradually to grow up round it, like a frame round a

picture. DID YOU KNOh/..
A iittle brown face, with whiskers. Kenneth Grahame's Ihe
A grave round face, with the same twinkle in its eye that had Wind in the Willows is one of
first attracted his notice. the most poputar children's
texts of the twentieth
Small neat ears and thick silky hair.
century. Since it was first
It was the Water Ratl pubtished in 1908, it has
Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, 1908 become an international
bestse[[er and has been
a Underline aII the common nouns in the extract. transformed into a radio
play, a stage shoq a film
b What is the creature that emerges from the hole? and a television series.

1
 c What makes the hole an attractive home? Find er-idence WR ITER' S
from the extract. TOO L BOX
One way to test
whether a word
is a noun is if you
can put the word a
(indefinite articte)
or fhe (definite
article) in front of it.

d }iighlight all the words in the passage that refer evidence (n.) words ln the extract
to light These can be nouns, verbs or adjectives. that hetp you to prove your
In 5-our notebook, rewrite the extract and answer to the question
highlight (v.) circLe or under[ine a
substitute rvords that have an opposite meaning
word in order to make it stand out
fol the highlighted words. Wtrat effect does this substitute (v.) use another word
harre on the piece of writing? in place of the old word

Spelling practice
3 Find the meaning of the following common nouns to improve your spelling and
writing.
business department minute person religion
church education murder present society
college industry nation president sur-face
country market operation property university

Vocabulary builder
4 Draw a line to match each word on the left with its correct meaning on the right.
Word Meaning
a opposite far away or distant
H I NT
b dreamily serious or dignified and solemn
When compteting activity 4,
c snug taking place slowly you may use a dictionary to
d grave a large house check:

e bijou a house or home

f residence cosy or close-fitting
g remote not likely or probable to happen
h vanished in a dreamlike state
i unlikely a trinket or small and elegant
j gradually disappeared completery
k dwelling placed or seated directly
facing a person or object
. the meaning of the word
. how to say the word
. what part of speech the
word is
. synonyms of the word
(words that have the same
meaning).

2 PEA,RSON *ngli*h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Ctass Due date

ever rna the name of

is because it is a proper

tabl some m

Days of the week Months of the year Or

Sunday January Greenpeace

r--i Monday February Amnesty lnternational

Tuesday March Cricket Australia

Wednesday April Australian Football League

Thursday May Women's Electoral Lobby

Friday June Australian Council of Social Service

Saturday July, etc.

Language in use
1 The following words are common nouns. For each one, insert three proper nouns.
The first one has been done for you.
3 Common n( Proper noun business (n.) an
organisation that
a planet buys or setts products
Jupiten Mercury, Eorth
or services
b mountain nationality (n.) the
state of betonging to
c school subject a particular country or
nation
d lake continent (n.) one
ofthe seven [argest
e religion
sections of [and that
f are located on Earth
city

g business

h nationality

language

i continent
 2 Look at the image. Make a list of all the common nouns and the proper nouns that
you can see.

Cornmon inouns Proper nouns H I NT

Before you start activity 2,
discuss this image with
the person sitting
next to you. Consider
the fo[lowing questions:
. Which city is it7
. Have you been to this
city?
. What famous
landmarks can you see?
. What built objects are
there?
. What naturatthlngs can
you see?

Building on language
When do I use a capital letter?
si $all$l$Mar[r[46,6;6,,4i$a$l*lni 6[*l[,g.o9p",tg1ns. eh,h;* iag$iarc:

The White House is perhaps the most farnous house in the lJnited States.
The word house in White House refers to a parlicular building and is, therefore. a proper
noun. The second instance of the word, however, is a common noun since it refers to houses
in general.

4 PEARSON SftS{ish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Class Due date

lc Ica
: . .-. ,i \,'/H i TEH'S
.,,--do TOO LBOX
': :'lS See Unit 12 for more
information on
prepositions.

. -.=-;rrite each sentence, putting in the capital letters where necessary. Fl,emember to
- =: a capital letter at the start of a sentence.
count (v.) a title given to
3. at 2375 kilometres, the river murray is australia's a man of noble rank
longest river. zeppelin (n.) a Geiman
airship

! b count ferdinand von zeppelin was the inventor of the

zeppelin.

c the captain of the endeavour was captain cook. minister ' -.'= '=. -' .
:f = : - l--. -

d the university of melbourne is one of the oldest universities in the countr\-.

e sam went to mountain designs to buy mountain gear for the hiking trip to
mount hotham.

\ a
f of aII government ministers, the minister for foreign affairs travels the most.

4 Rewrite each sentence, adding capital letters where appropriate.

a the premier of western australia sailed his yacht, t}re anna maria, into fremantle.

b the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization (unesco)

does a lot of work in uganda.

E
 Frop*r nou$s

c while investigating a crime, the federal bureau of investigation (fbi) spoke to

manywitnesses in nebraska and south carolina.

d vincent van gogh's famous painting, the starry night, hangs in the museum of
modern art in newyork.

5 Read the passage and highlight the proper nouns that need to be capitalised.
One of the most famous of all the english monarchs is I
H I NT
henry viii. As the king of england, he made decisions that
This passage is about
changed the course of history in that country. He was
a famous English
instrumental in changing the religious denomination from king, Henry Vlll. As
roman catholic to church of england. His first wife was you read, make a [ist
of questions that
katherine of aragon. She was a spanish princess who gave
you have about him.
birth to their daughtet mary who later became queen mary
i. Henry and katherine later divorced. monarch (n.) a king, queen or emperor
Henry then married anne boleyn. She gave birth to a denomination (n.) a branch of religion
daughter called elizabeth who became the queen after her Spanish (adj.) describes a person or
thing that is from Spain
half-sister mary died. Henry had anne boleyn executed at
divorced (adj.) no longer married
the tower of london. executed (v.) put to death
Henry's third wife was jane seymour. She had a son, Ftemish (adj.) describes a person
edward, who would later become king. Jane died soon from the region of Ftanders (in
the northern part of Betgium) who
after edward was born. speaks Flemish (Betgian Dutch)
(
His fourth wife was a flemish princess, anne of cleves.
This was a very short marriage and they were divorced soon after.
Henry then married anne boleyns cousin, catherine howard. Unfortunately, queen
catherine also lost her head after henry ordered her execution.
Henry's final wife was catherine parr. As the sixth queen of england, she managed to
outlive her husband.

Spelling practice
6 Find the location of these Australian placenames (proper nouns) to improve your
spelling and geographical knowiedge. Can you find out the origins of these names?
Arnhem Land Great DividingRange Queanbeyan
Barossa Valley Kalgoorlie Stradbroke lsland
Cape York Peninsula MacDonnell Ranges Euroa
Coober Pedy Murray-Darling Basin Ulup
Fremantle Nullarbor Plain Wagga Wagga
Freycinet Peninsula Oodnadatta Wilsons Promontory

6 PEARSON *nglish 7 Second Edition Activiry Book

 ,:^'e C[ass Due date

Languo,g€ explained ldF ITEFI 'S

TOOLBOX
Collective nouns Some cottective nouns are
We know that, evellrth[ng,has, an,rl nd,iVidual n a m e, br*t what do easity identified as meaning
we call a group of those individual things? We can't call them a group of one thing;for

all individually by their common or proper noun-ahat's just example, jury, which can only
mean a group of twetve people
too time-c-onsurning:, Tlr.e, an'SWe.riS;to,lgse, a,colteetivA noun
i who adjudicate on a court
to na mo ps of als o r th n gs.
.:people r' F[aces;,,,anim
i
:,grou case. Others, like crowd, heap or

ror eial,n[te; i
sroun of cows in a
if we,are.lloot<1n,E,at gathering, may refer to groups
of different things such as
paddock we could say,'There's a cow and a cow and a cow
people, blocks or musicians.
and ...', or if we knew some of the cows' names we could
say,'There's Daisy and Buttercup and Elfrida and Mabel and ...'The easier way, of course,
t- e is to use a collective noun. ln this case we call a group of cows a herd of cows.

Language in use l-',1 INT

1 Use the internet or your dictionary to find You can use the same phrase structure for ever;'

the collective nouns that describe groups collective noun: A of For

example, a flock of sheep, an ormy of solcie:s ;
of the following people, animals or things.
panel of experts.
-'.
Collective noun ,llective noun

ants !, students

owls h flowers

football players I racehorses

t- o d ships

books
J

k stars
geese

fish I bees

2 Describe each picture using a common, proper and collective noun. Write each t5pe
of noun on a separate line underneath the picture.

a b R

ffi
ffi'
ffiffi
BS

Common: doq
Proper: Rover

Collective: o Fock of dogs

7
 c d e
I

Common:

Proper:

Collective:

Vocabulary builder
3 Each of these words has two or more meanings; at least one meaning is a collective
noun for a group of animals. Look up each word in your dictionary and write down
ail the meanings in your notebook. Then write two sentences
t
illustrate (v.) be an
for each word. Each sentence should illustrate a different example of
meaning of the word.
barren business dray murder parcel plump
brace charm litter muster parliament school

Building on language
4 Find out aII you can about the origin of the collective nouns for animals in activity 3
Who came up with these terms? Where and when were they most popular? Were
they meant to be taken seriously?

5 N'Iake up your own collective nouns to describe groups of the following

Collective noun Collective noun

t
a smartphones f computers

b fashion models g clocks

c cars h T-shirts

d wrgs I presidents

e candles t clowns

H INT
Here are some creative ideas to help you with your own co[lective nouns.
Acollective noun can describe:
. how an object moves or acts-for exampte, a crawl of babies
. an emotion associated with something-for example, a boredom of
maths tests
. sounds for example, a chatter of children.

8 PEARSON *ng[i*h 7 Second Edition Acttvity Book

 Class Due date

Language explained
,,C

:f

Cotreretd.,iiaun$.a{&,targ[.b&iiiWe,,,use];,oUri fifie.,:sgn,ses,tO.,l,:
tangible (adj.) something
see, hear. touch, taste or smell them. that can be touched
":
Abstract nouns are intangible. They are about what we intangible (adj.) something
that cannot be touched
think or feel (emotibnally. rath'er than physicatly). '

L o
Language in use
1 Circle the abstract nouns in red and the concrete nouns in blue
anger dirt jealousy knowledge sofu
apathy envy jov music sunlight
book freedom jumper odour table
cards honour justice pen television
carpet integrity kindness pity VASE

2 Read the passage and complete the activities on the next page.You should read the
passage at least twice to make sure that you understand it completely.

(1) Megan sat on the grass above the rock face,

t a gently stroking the dog's soft fur. (2) She gazed

into the distance, seeking with her eyes the ship
stroking softty moving your hand back
(v.)
and forth in a patting motion
emotion (n.) a strong feeting or mood
that she knew should be coming through the experienced from within your body
anxiety (n.) a feeling of worry or concern
headlands. (3) The waves pushed strongly against yearning (n.) a strong feeting of wanting or
the rocks and the wind blew directly into her wishing for something
face, but stil1 she sat, waiting and hoping to see bturred (adj.) uncteal not sharpty oulllned

the sails. (4) Megan had sat here every day for the
past three months. (5) At first her emotions had played across her face; the fear, the anxiety, the
desperate yearning for her father to return home. (6) In her other hand, the one resting on her
Iap, she held tightly the last letter her father had sent home, promising to return to her as soon
as he possibly could, reassuring her he wouid be home for her thirteenth birthday and sendlng
her all his love. (7) The letter was creased and blurred with tears, a much-read reminder of
her father. (B) She had turned thirteen a month ago. (9) The ship had not come. (10) He had not
returned. (11) But stili she sat on the grass watching and waiting.

9
I

a Find the concrete and abstract nouns in each sentence and highlight them in
two different colours.
b Write a passagein your notebook that
H I NT
describes Megan's father's situation
Are you having troubte trying to imagine how
at this time. Aim for your passage
Megan's father is feeling? Consider whether any
to be 12-15lines long. Make sure of the fotlowing emotions might be appropriate
you use lots of concrete and abstract for the passage that you witI write: fear, anger,
detight, enthusiasm, excitement, dread, hatred,
nouns to explore where he is and jubitation, pride, sorrow, torment.
what he is feeling.

Vocabulary builder
3 Piace the tiles from Box A into Box B so that you can read the hidden meaning,
rvhich begins with: 'Concrete nouns name ...'. A few tiles have already been placed
as clues. You should use a pencil to complete this activity. t
A
ARE HE TE NAIM QU ET NS EEL
CT S ID TH HE ALU NS NOU
RF NGS THI CON NF AT NOU THI
EEL ET CA NGS CRE SO LO TIE
WE ALI ABS ES, ING TRA
MEL EAR NAM EAS RH S

B
CON CRE 7t NOU N5 NAM ET

--- -r*WT
b---.' -*(rras{,g1:-::- j::::-=
L
s <eyboard as he wrote his essay,

5 r'an towards his owner

It is hard to survive in the wilds of Africa.

I want to possess the autograph of every member of the Australian
team.

1
 fr*xrcrmte *nd abssrx*t rtsrrxls

a Find the concrete and abstract nouns in each sentence and hightight them in
two different colours.
b Write in your notebook that
a passage
H I NT
describes Megan's father's situation
Are you having trouble trying to imagine how
at this time. Aim for your passage
Megan's father is feeting? Consider whether any
to be 12-15lines long. Make sure of the foltowing emotions might be appropriate
you use lots of concrete and abstract for the passage that you wi[[ write: fear, anger,
detight, enthusiasm, excitement, dread, hatred,
nouns to explore where he is and jubilation, pride, sorrow, torment.
what he is feeling.

Vocabulary builder
3 Place the tiles from Box A into Box B so that you can read the hidden meaning,
which begins with: 'Concrete nouns name ...'. A few tiles have already been placed
I\
as clues. You should use a pencil to complete this activity.

A
ARE HE TE NAM QU ET NS EEL
CT S ID TH HE ALU NS NOU
RF NGS THI CON NF AT NOU THI
EEL ET CA NGS CRE SO LO TIE
WE ALI ABS ES, ING TRA
IVIEL EAR NAIV EAS RH S

B
coN CRE Tt NOU N5 NAM ET
AB5 NOU
N5 t
QU ALI
'l1E ING
EEL 5

Spelling practice
4 Find the meaning of the following concrete and abstract nouns. Write out the
definition in your notebook and underneath use the word in a elear sentence.
active common energetic measure position
anxious concern govern money reason
brisk develop history office school

10 PEARSON eng{i*h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Na me Class Due date

Language explained
A verb is a word that expresses an action or a state of being. Every complete sentence,
even the shortest, contains a verb. Generally, we call verbs lhedoing words of the
a,nolifl.l.,,Frsuif$lf,te$tanral:lobci..,,i,
t.,.,,,,fr $,tro$1..!, *n the book,
:,.ii::,.,rii.ii:ili.,i.:,.,..i
I TEFI'S
U/FI

. thihking words: I wbnd.gi yha! is in.the book. TOO LBOX

J
,.,r,.,pei.n$rrr.ortoei..l1xnow the book e.irlr: ln the dictionary and when it is
,ll:,;t...;,:,l'....:1.:',..t, not in use in a sentence, a verb
. siying words: I explained the plot.of fhe book iswritten in its infinitive form
(for example, to be). When it is in
A regular verb.does not change when following the
use, we say it is conjugated (for
rules of tenses.
example, lam, they are)

t o A*':ilq;ilila.rii;,ifiA,raijai+am.rEr.rtne,,$Biu witrr ttre

preposition to. lt tells of an action but not where, when or how the action took place.

lnfinitive Prosentitense Past tense Future tense

to play play, plays played will play

to shout shout, shouts shouted t^''i shout

Language in use
1 Write down six verbs that describe things you have done today.

t, o
2 Read each sentence and decide if the verb underlined is a doing, having, thinking,
being or saying verb.

a I watched the cat pounce on the bird.

b Rodney told me all about the car's engine

c A philosopher is paid to ponder the big questions of life.

d He tapped on his keyboard as he wrote his essay.

e The dog ran towards his owner,

f It is hard to survive in the wilds of Africa.

g I want to possess the autograph of every member of the Australian

team.

1
 5 Infinitive and regular verbs

I The following extract has been jumbled by the printer and all the verbs have fallen
out of the text. Your job is to put them back in from the box below.

backs up clinging crawl pull reach reach rising shivering

staggering stare stop struggling stumble swallowed thickening thrashing

Muddied and against the

of water round my legs, I
ditch. The drain is
burden, the water level
With my sodden skirt
to my legs I
burden (n.) a heavy load to carry
the turn of the ditch (n.) a hote that has been dug in
the ground to help drain water away
to cope with the sudden downpour (n.) very heavy rain
spume (n.) the foam on the top of
as the torrent waves in the sea
staggering (v.) watking unsteadily
thrashing (n.) strong and violent
up the stop-bank and movements
torrent (n.) a strong ftow of water

When I
on towards the bay.

the top of the track I can only and

t
Spume from the heaving sea is the downpout so that the cliffs are no more
-
than a dim outline through sheets of rain. Half the beach has already been

by the wild of the waves.

- -.
Anna Mackenzie, The Sea-Wreck Stranger, Text Publishing Company, 2007

\locabulary builder
4 Draw a line to match each infinitive verb with its meaning.
Verb Meaning
a to babble stroke or hit hard
b to flee give abundantly or generously
c to articulate provoke or try to anger by insult or mockery
d to initiate waver
e to lavish run away from danger or pursuers I

f to hone pronounce words distinctly

g to prise begin or originate
h to smite sharpen or polish
i to taunt utter incoherent or meaningless sounds
j to vacillate raise or force with a lever

H I NT abundantly (adv) in great quantity

provoke (v) make somebody feel a strong emotion
Say each verb in the list ten times
(such as anger)
out loud. Ask your teacher or use
mockery (n) the act of teasing somebody
a dictionary or the internet to
waver (v.) tremble, fticker or hesitate
learn the correct pronunciation,
pursuer (n.) a person or animaI who is chasing you
because some of these words are
pronounce (v) say a word out loud
pronounced differentty to how
utter (v) make a sound using your voice
they are spelt.
incoherent (adj) uncleal not abte to be understood

5 In your notebook, use each verb from activity 4 in a sentence.

12 PEARSON sngti$f) 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

Take a look at the use of the ..Yerb$..i,nr.,lhe following sentences.

I falk a lot in The base form (present

class. tense) of the verb
I am talking The present participle For the sentence to make sense, we need
a lot ln class of the verb (= talking) to add an extra word (am). This is called an
auxiliary verb or a helping verb.
I talked a lot in The past tense of the
the last class. verb
I have talked The past participle of For the sentence to make sense, we

t {
a lot in class. the verb (= talked) need to add an extra word (have). This is
called an auxiliary verb or a helping verb.

Verbs have four krasic principal forms: the base form, the I TEFI'S
WFI
present participle, the past and the past participle. TOOLBOX
Whenever you wish to tell your reader about when an action is A hetping or auxitiau-1,
taking place you will adjust the tense that you are using. verb helps the main
verb to express
Regular verbs meaning and usuatly
changes the time or
When we change tenses, many verbs follow the same pattern. tense of the action. The
These verbs are called regular verbs. main auxiliary verbs are
. To.form the present p?rticiple, you need to ad"d
to be, to have and to do.

ing lo the bqs,e form of the verb.

p;irtj,erinl0*!:ai9 s, F.{ INT
ri:r.,:', i!0.ttn't1ie,,$as1e!,nasl l.i I

t d N'ote:
verb, add -d

.
or -ed to the base form of the.verb.
. Some regular verbs double the final consonant
betori adding -rng, -d or -ed (see scan and frave|.
r Some regular verbs drop the -e before adding
Understanding the different parts of
a verb can be confusing. Work with
a partner and see if you can expLain
the principtes on this page to them
out toud, in your own words. Try to
use your own examples instead of the
ones provided on the page.

-ing (see cuddle and smrTe).

avoid [am] avoiding avoided [have] avoided

scan [am] scanning scanned lhave] scanned
travel [am]travelling travelled [have]travelled
cuddle [am]cuddling cuddled [have] cuddled
smile [am] smiling smiled [have] smiled

13
 &egwlxr *xx* irregular verbs

lrregular verbs
As the name suggests, irregular verbs do not follow the standard rules for making their
past and past participle forms. lnstead. these verbs form their past and past participle in
some other ways:
. by changing vowels

form Past Past participle Base form Past Past participle

fall fell [have]fallen go went [have] gone
nng rang [have] rung teach taught [have]taught
by changing consonants . by making no changes.

Base form Past Past participle Base form Past Past participle

bend bent [have] bent cast cast [have] cast

leave left [have] left upset upset [have] upset

Language in use
1 Complete the table and decide whether the verbs are regular or irregular.

Base form Past le Regular/ confess (v) to

particip irregular tel[ the truth and
admit wrong
add [am] adding [have] added flatter (v.) to say
nice things about
blow [am] blowing blew Ihave] someone

confess j [am] confessing confessed [have] confessed

hog (v.) to take
over something
[am] delivering delivered lhave] delivered in an unfairway
mimic (v.)to
[am] eating ate Ihave] copy someone's
actions or words
flatter laml flattered Ihave]flattered

[am] growling growled [have]growled

hog [am] hogging [have] hogged

insult [am] insulting insulted Ihave]

join laml joined [have]joined

[am] keeping [have] kept

lend [am] lending [have] lent

mimic laml mimicked [have] mimicked

nominate [am]nominating nominated Ihave]

[am] overtaking [have] overtaken

14 PEARSON erigtlsh 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

Base form Present Past Past participle Regularl

participle irregular

produce [am] producing produced Ihave]

quit laml Ihave]

[am] relaxing relaxed [have] relaxed

shake [am] shaking shook [have] shaken

tease laml teased Ihave]

laml upset [have] upset

vomit [am]vomiting vomited Ihave]
wake [am]waking Ihave]
tl
X-ray [am] X-raying X-rayed [have] X-rayed

[am]yearning yearned Ihave]

zip laml [have] zipped

2 Complete each sentence with the past or past

H I NT
participle form of the verb in brackets.
lf you are learning some of these
a, Nico silently along the irregular verbs for the first time,
precipice, ready to break into the house. (crcep) try the fol[owing strategy to help
you remember them.
b Samara was surprised that she . Make a Iist of irregutar verbs at
had the largest fish from the the back of you r book.
. Each day, try to use at least
jetty. (catch)
one of these verbs and its

{ c As the storm broke, the people different forms. You could

use them when talking with
from the beach. (flee)
friends, when writing in a diary
d The next morning, the sun or when tetting your parents
about your day.
brightly across the resort. (shine)
e In the afternoon, Om&r for
nearly three kilometres. (swim)
f Three kilometres was the furthest Omar had in years. (swim)
g He could have that it felt like ten kilometres. (swear)
h Pip hadn't to her coach in years. (speak)
i Casey a reason for the sudden change in policy. (seek)
j Tuan that it was the best dinner that he had cooked in years
(think)
k Simone along the freeway, knowing that she was very late for
work. (spee@

1
 Regxslmr mnd $rregnxXar verbs

Spelling practice
3 Learn these irregular verbs and then write a short paragraph in which you use as
many as you can. Choose one form of the verbs (base, past or past participle) and
see if you can write your paragraph using only that form.

Base form Past Past participle

a bring brought brought
b choose chose chosen
c dive dived dived
d forego forewent foregone
e grow grew grown

f leap leaped/leapt leaped/leapt

g mow mowed mowed/mown
h spnng sprang sprung

Building on language

-tli *:

4 Look carefully at the photograph. In your notebook, write the letters of the alphabet
down one side of a page. Then find one verb for every letter of the alphabet to
describe what people might be doing in the photograph. Be prepared to justifyyour
choices. Make sure that all verbs are in the same form. For example, if one verb is
cheering, then the rest of your verbs should be in the present participle, too.

16 PEARSON mr:6i.$*h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

t185 lr*il;'r;lir$:iii
E
*s
verbs used in rnglish:rt$itlr:e.Xoi$.tp,;b$, lt cliap'ges
i:.,:i:.r.:8:eihrrlpdr:tlieiinrb}tiE_offLleihgiffibl.tilliE
its fornr more often than any other verb. You might even say that'it is the most irregular

person or
. A verb changes according to its tense and whether we are talking about one
thing (the singqlar form).or more th4n one person orthing (lhe pluralform).'
Look at how the verb fo be changes in the table. Listing a v"erb like this is ialled
conjugatrng the yerb.
"
WR ITEH'S
TOOLBOX
lam we are
e Present you are you are
Tenses add the concept of
time t0 verbs. They tetl us
when the action happens.
he/she/it is they are

I was we were
Past
(imperfect)
you were you were HINT
To use the correct verb
he/she/it was they were
tense in the third person
lwill be we will be singular (he/she/it) or
plurat (they), remember
Future you will be you will be the fotlowing rules for
verbs in the present
he/she/it will be they will be tense:
. Singutar form = base
I have been we have been form ofthe verb + -s
Present (he jumps, it runs, etc)
you have been you have been
.
\" a perfect
he/sheiit has been they have been
Pluralform = base form
of the verb without -s
(theyiump, etc.)
I had been we had been
Past
you had been you had been
perfect
he/she/it had been they had been

I will have been we will have been

Future
you will have been you will have been
perfect
he/she/it will have been they will have been

1i
 Verbs in English have six main tenses.

Past Past: Present Present: Future Future:

perfect: existed or perfect: is existing or perfect: will exist or
had existed happened has existed happening will have happen in
or happened in the past or happened now existed or the future
before a sometime happened
specific time before now; before a
in the past may be specific time
continuing in the future

Language in use
1 Circle the best form of to beto use in each sentence, and write down what tense it is
in and if it is in the singular or plural; for example, plural past.
a Public transport islare provided by ferries, buses, trains and trams.

b Carol and Michael were not very happy with the airline. They had beenlwill have
been waiting there for several hours, before they boarded the
plane.
c First they had drought, then the locusts came and finally the flooding
waters arrived. Indeed, it waslwill be one of their hardest seasons ever on
the farm.
d The principal smiled at her and said, 'We are very sorry to see you leave. You
have beenlwill have been one of the best students we have ever had.'

e By the time I finish Yea,r l2,I will ha,ve beenlam a,t school for three-quarters of
my life!

2 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Two years ago, when I turned seven, Mother stopped braiding
braiding (v.) dividing hair into
my hair. She told me I was old enough to do it myself. But I three strands and twisting
couldnt get it right. My thick, Iong hair tangled. It was difficult them together
to divide into three equal parts as my arms grew tired from ., rt
r,ii
\r; ,/-A
reaching back. I begged Mother to braid it for me, but she ,.N
u
refused, so I wore loose and floppy braids for weeks. Then I /\'
I
t Iv
came up with the idea of practising on Father. His straight hair II
t
!
was much shorter than mine, too short for braids. But I could
put ponytails in the front, where it was longest, and practise
fastening bands.l worried about hurting him by pulllng too fastening (v.) securing

hard, but he never complained and always sat stili. something so it doesn't fatt off

18 PEARSON eng{!*h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 a
!
Name Class Due date

Though I had mastered ponytails last yeat, Father still let me

H I NT
practise on him in the evenings when he was home for dinner.
Before you read the
Through the open windows, the warm breeze carried in the voice
extract, first skirn
of a neighbour as she rehearsed a new revolutionary song. through it quickty
Dear ChairmanMao, with your eyes to find
Great leoder of our country. The sun in our heart, out the main ideas it
contains. Then, once
You are more dear than our mother and fa-a-a-ther you have read it, in
Fa-a-a-ther order to answer the
Fo-a-a-ther... questions, scon the
extract to look for
She couldn't reach the high note on'father' so she kept trying,
the specific answer to
'fa-a-a-ther ... fa-a-a-thea'iike a broken record. How couid anyone be each question.
more dear than my father? Would Chairman Mao let me put ponytails

\ 1 on him? I started to giggle when I pictured ponytails wrapped with red and yellow elastic
bands standing on Chairman Mao's square head.
I secured the first band over Father's slippery hair. Would my singing neighbour feel as
happy as I was when she could finally reach the high note? I wished she would get there
soon-or sing a different song.
Yng Chang Compestine, Revolution rs Nof a Dinner Pafty, Penguin Ausb-alia. 20O8

a Describe the relationship between the father and the daughter.

b How old is the narrator?

c Why does the father let his daughter continue to practise on him, even after she
has mastered the skill?
a

d What season does the story take place in? What line in the text tells us this
information?

e 'You are more dear than our mother and father'. Why might the narrator find
this line disturbing?

1
 f What tense is the passage being told in? List the words that demonstrate this.

Vocabulary builder
3 Each of these famous quotes is missing a form of the verlo to be. Choose the correct
form, including the subject pronoun (1, we, you ...), from the box to complete the quote.

I have been they were we are you were

we have been lam we are you were
we are lam we are

a 'Live as if to die tomorrow. Learn as earnest (adj.) serious-minded

if to live forever.' (Mohandas Gandhi) equivocate (v.) use unclear
language on purpose to
b At home nice guy but I don't want
a mislead others
the world to know.' (MuhammadAli) retreat (v.) draw back from a
situation, such as a battle
c in earnest-I will not equivocate-I precious (adj.) something of
will not excuse-I will not retreat a single inch-and I great value
will be heard.' (William Lloyd Garrison) deed (n.) action

d .A]I saying is give peace a chance.' (John Lennon)

e through some terrible things in my life, some of which actually
happened; (MarkTwain)
f 'If to go forward, we must go back and rediscover those
precious days.' (Martin Luther King Jr)
g 'Our deeds follow us, and what makes us what
' (John Dykes)
h 'Before God aII equallywise-and equally foolish.' (A)bert Einstein)
I 'Some have been thought brave because afraid to run away.'
(Thomas Fuller)

Building on language
4 Use your understanding of tenses to write one of the following pi.eces.

a A personal narrative that explains what you plan to do when you finish school.
b A diary entry reflecting on an event in your Iife that has had an impact on how
you viewthe world.
c A live action blog report of a sporting event. \-our blog has one hundred
thousand followers, so make it interestingl

20 PEARSoN sng{ish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

Language explained UJH ITEF'S

An adjective is usually called a describing word, but what TCIO LBOX
does it describe? Well. it tells us more about the noun. The job Remember that
of the adjective is to give us more information about the noun adjectives witt add
we are using in the sentence. lt lets readers know more about detaiI and colour to
your writing and make it
the topic and helps writers make their meaning clearer. For
more interesting.
example: No-one Iikes to read
boring writing.
ut an adjective: / see a dog.
. a sentence with an adjective: / see a mean dog.
. a sentence with more than one adjective: /
, see a vicious; snairling, brown dog H INT
L o Adjectives can tell us four different things about
Expand your vocabutary by using examptes

thg noun; 'l ',' '' "

of adjectives from the following categories
,l in your writing:
. I' how many: i see fo4y cars ,n tF,e,yard. . opinion- e.g. nice, boring

. . size-e.g. tiny, huge

' how'much: ,Only a half pie is teft. '
. age-e.g. new, oncient
. ' iwhet ki.nd;'ihat'is a gigantic brown pie. . shape-e.g. square, flat
. . colour-e.g. green, pink
:whicrh one or whose:Ihese cars are my
. materia[-e.g. metallic, wooden
cars. Those bikes are your bikes. . origin-e.g. Mexican, Australion.

Language in use
1 Underline the adjectives. Some sentences have more than one adjective.
a The boy is taII and thin.
\- a b My team leader is brave and hardworking.
c You look beautiful in that black dress.
d Benedict looked awful; his face was pale and he was bleeding profusely from a
jagged cut on his cheek.
e Your footy team plays really fast, furious football.
f The woman ran screaming from the hairy, black spider.
g Standing staring at the sea below, Yuki said, 'You could drown in the inlqr
depths and never be found.'
h My mother's china collection is precious and must never be touched.
i 'That was unbelievable strength and courage shown byJones,' screamed the
commentator.
j As I looked outside mywindow the lush, green grass was weighed down with
rainwater and the wind bent double the willowy spruce tree.

2
 2 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

The horrible sounds of Smaug's anger

were echoing in the stony hollows
far above; at any moment he might
come blazing down or fly whirling
round and find them up there, near
the periious cliff's edge hauling madly
on the ropes. Up came Bofur, and still
all was safe. Up came Bombur, puffing
and blowing while the ropes creaked,
and stiil a1l was safe. Up came some
tools and bundles of stores, and the
danger was upon them.
A whirring noise was heard. A red
echoing (n.) the repeating of a sound that bounces off a
light touched the points of standing hard surface even after the original sound has stopped
rocks. The dragon came. blazing (v.) moving extremely quickly; giving off bright
tight, tike flames
J. R. R. Tolkien, The Hobbit,
Unwin Paperbacks, 1982 (1937) hurtling (v.) moving quickty, out of control

a Underline all the adjectives in

the extract above.
b List ten adjectives that you would use to describe a dragon.

c List ten adjectives that might describe the sight of Bofur and Bombur being
hauled up the cliff face.

Vocabulary builder
3 Open your dictionary or a novel to any page. Count the number of adjectives you
can find on your chosen page.Write the adjectives and their meaning into your
notebook. write one sentence that uses the word in an interesting way.

4 Find five adjectives that could be used in place of each of these overused words.
Write them in your notebook.
angry boring fast
beautiful dangerous happy
big fantastic small

22 PEARSON *nglixh 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

-
Language explained &
. Adjectives can do more than just describe a person, WFI I TER'S
placg, anirnalor thing. They can also tell us how one.thing. TOOLBOX
' compares to.another. This is calle{ {egre es otf co,iparison
:: : . .
Comparative adjectives
and lets us make judgernents about all sorts of things". are often formed by
adding -er to the end of
.: "....... the positive adjective.
. positive adjectives-to AesCiibe only one person, place,' Su perlative adjectives

a.nl66l,',:or'.thth.9r,:r most often have the

.ri.llr.:.rr,.:i:,.,1i : ;. liirl.,:.,.,,,:...r:lri.:-:,1.1:.'r:
ending *est.
r comparative adjectives-to compare two
I peoplb; places, animals orthings ' H I NT
i,.::i,,:,,',.s.upe:fi aitle,pa;ettlrcs;.to.,;qbm:pqie.three Sometimes you can use a comparatlve
\ t without stating what is being compared to
I
or.more people, places, animals or things.
what-e.g. I feelbetter [thon I did yesterday].

S:oii ]f F:Wgr:Wetgl;t*liing]i:a;b,0uuihi$ ji$Iat[yig,. fo r Sometimes you can use a comparative to

Effi i'*$ffi iia$,i$xm*;mrui1*1;,'1ilrr;r1,1 compare three things-e.g. I am toller thon my
brother and my sister.
,i.lr:;ffi$Aqrifirry nice'atthousl',41ii!;.r..r.ar You usuatty write the definite afiicle the in
l1b
cousin Peteris nicer, but my Uncte Daniet.is front of a superlative-e .9. lt was the biggest

i,;...i:.tft$11 eBtia,f.ffiiildffi;r /dl:t:.ri::l;i:1,:ii:::i::r;:l1::,tjr:;i11r;l11:t:; . ' tt

slice of cake I hod ever seen.

"...:'.:
Language in use
L FiII in the table with the appropriate forms of the adjectives.
Comparative Superf ative

big

0 nearer

round

clean

high

tallest

pretty

sweet

rich

sorry

wealthy

2"
 2 Read the following email and answer the questions that follow

Hi from Rome

penny@email.com
i . i From: 06:20 (45 minutes ago)

i-.--., To:mum&dadhome@emai[.com
Dear Mum and Dad,

We[[, here I am in Rome and I can hardly betieve that I have made it. London is an experience I

wi[[ never forget but you both know that Rome is the city I have been looking forward to seeing
the most. And it is amazing. The weather in London was fine, but in Rome the sun seems to shine
brightel, warmer and longer. The people a]so seem to be happier here in Rome, although people
keep telting me that to meet the happiest people in the world I should go to Madrid! I don't know
why they are so happy there, but lcan tellyou that in Rome it's because of the food. lt's the best
I have ever tasted. Even better than yours, Mum, and certain[y better than the mush I got served
in London! lt just seems as if in Rome the mitk is creamieL the satad is fresher and the pasta ...

wet[, there is no comparisonl My guesthouse in London was definitely more comfortable, though.
This one has a [umpy bed and I have to share a bathroom.

It's hard to compare the cities in terms of history;they both have such vast, grandiose pasts. But
of atI the cities I have been to noW Rome feels [ike the oldest, the most culturaI and the most
powerful. lt feels as if the whote of Rome is a giant museum. Every time you turn a corner you come
across some buitding or artwork or tempte that reminds you that this city is where so much of our
cutture came from. lt's a really humbting feeling to be here; Australia is so new by comparison.

We[t, I have to go now, I must get some sleep. I am going to the Vatican tomorrow and will try to
send you more photos from there. I hope you are both we[[. Give my [ove to the rest of the family.

I miss you both.

Penny

H I NT mush (n.) a soft, wet and shapeless mass

grandiose (adj.) grand and impressive
To start, read only the first [ine of the email.
cultural (adj.) to do with the ideas, art and
Predict some of the vocabutary you might see
customs of a group of people
in the rest of the emait. Explain to a partner
humbling (adj.) causing a feeting of being
why you have chosen these words.
lower and less important

24 PEARSON engtish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

a Which cities have been named in the letter? Of which countries are they the
capitals?

b Has Penny already been to Madrid? What clue do we get about this in the text?

c Make a list of aII the things that Penny compares in her letter

d Identify and highlight aII the adjectives Penny uses to compare things in her
email.
e Explain in your own words whyvisiting Rome might be a humbling experience
for a traveller.

f Write a short travel blog entry about H INT

a trip you have been on. Compare
! your home with the conditions
you experienced when away. For
example, you could compare your
school camp experience with home.
V<rcabulary builder
I FiIl in the correct form of the adjective in brackets.
a Whose yacht is the
Tips for constructing com paratives:
. For positive adjectives with one sytlabte, add -er to
the end-e.g. tailer, shorter.
. For positive adjectives with two sy[[ables ending in
-y, drop the -y and add -ier-e.g. happiel smellier.
. For positive adjectives with two, three or more
syttables, add the word 'more' in front of the
adjective-e.g . mo re beautiful, mo re i nte resti n g.
? (Iarge)

b This is the bookl have everread. (Iong)

c The Pacific Ocean is than the Atlantic Ocean. (big)
d I can run than he can. (fast)
e Sarah's voice is than anyone else's. Qoud)
f Who is the man on earth? (rich)

2l
 o
J Adjectives *$ e*xxrpmrtse:n

g Quinn won the dux award but everyone knew that Costa was
(clever)
h Achilles was the of the Greek warriors. (mighty)

Spelling practice
4 Find the meaning of the following adjectives to improve your spelling and writing.
Use the Loot</Say/CoverAMrite/Check method to help you memorise these words.
angry excited jealous pleased surprised
disappointed frustrated lamentable proud upset
efficient habitual lonely savoury weighty
embarrassed important materialistic scared worried

Building on language
5 Write a letter to a friend in which you compare primary school with secondary
school.

H INT
Use comparative adjectives to describe the foltowing etements of
your schooI experience: your feetlngs (e.9. happier, more excited),
your school routine (getting up earlier or ldter), the work (hordef
easier), the people (kindef stricter), the location (closer to or further
from hone), the playground (bigger, more interesting).

26 PEARSON *ng{iSh 7 Second Edition Activity Book

I
 Name Class Due date

.ng,U;a i6*Plel,fiedl;,..:.., ,u.i"

A personal pronoun is a word that we use to replace the noun in
clumsy (adJ.) awkward
a sentence. We use personal pronouns so we don't have to keep and ungracefuI
repeating ttre name of the person, place, animal o-r thing that we repetitive (adj.) using
are talking about. For exampte, the following paragraph is clumsy the same word over
and repetitive: and over
.:
Phrna is very interes"ted in dancing and Phina pracfrses gs H I NT
" often as Phina can. Phina takei a lot of dance /essons so that PersonaI pronouns can
Phina can be ready to bigin a career.on the.stage as soon as be singuLar or pLura[.

\- was about. But it is possible to replace many of the repetitions of the one noun in order to
t
imb ffi 6'i!1:e: pa.i*$.ia,Bh;
Phina is very interested in dancing and she practises as often as she can.
She fakes a lot of dance /essons so that she can be ready to begin a career
',titl.;i9-..n.{{.gigt..q.p ,:a-:,srsh,aqi;s.h.e,I-earre$i.5rfi
pot
WR I TEFI'S
,f'h,g.ffi !qwing.,alre:, th,e pe rs on a l p ig ll o u n s:,;,,,..,'.,1,,1,".,;,
.

TOO L BOX
Plural Check your senren.e:

Subject Object Subject Object to make sure lhal

it is clear who or
First person I me WC US what you are talking
about before you use
Second person you you you you
pronouns to reptace
Third person he, she, it him, her, it they them the noun.

\. I Language in use
1 FiIt in the gaps with the appropriate pronoun.

a Phuongwants to give a kiss to Roberto but doesn't want to.

b Myfriend Cam had a huge prize awarded to
cThecricketerswalkedontothefieIdIookingaSif-hadwon,
d are too kind to other people. don't deserve your heIp.
e love candy apples, but make myteeth ache
f Shae Edwards looked lovely at the film premiere; wore a vintage
dress.
g Can you see _ ? Can you see the riders coming down the road?
h From the shadows the stranger watched Sanjay and Akhilash until
were out of sight.
i _ and _ are going to the movies tonight, aren't _?
2
 2 AII the personal pronouns have been left out of the following extract. Your job is to
put them back in.

Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting

peep (v.) take a quick, secret look at

by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: something

remarkable (adj.) amazin g,
once or twice _ had peeped into the book her marvellous, wonderful
curiosity (n.) a desire to know or find
sister was reading, but _ had no pictures or
out something
conversations in _, 'and what is the use of a book,'

thought Alice,'without pictures or conversations?' ... when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink
eyes ran close by

There was nothing so very remarkable in that; nor did Alice think so very much out
of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself 'Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too latel' (when

thought it over afterwards, occurred to _ that _ ought to have wondered

at this, but at the time ail seemed quite natural); but, when the Rabbit actually took a
watch out of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked at _, and then hurried on, Alice started to

her feet, for _ flashed across her mind that _ had never before seen a rabbit with

either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of , and, burning with curiosity

ran across the field after _ and was just in time to see _ pop down a large

rabbit-hole under the hedge.

-
in another moment down went Alice after , never once considering how in

the world was to get out again.

Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, 1866

Spelling practice
Many words contain a 'silent'or'soft' letter. A good example is the letter c, which can be

Similarly, the letter g can be pronounced as a hard g, as in gate, or as a soft g, as in gentle.

words that have soft c and gsounds.

ceiling cyclone electricity hostage
cemetery damage gerbil huge
cinema decision giant imagine
circle descend giraffe tragic

28 PEARSON *ngti*h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

E-
 Name Class

hey replace a noun. For example,

H INT
Normally, an apostrophe is used
to show ownership-e.9. the boy's
The following are the possessive pronouns:
footboll.
Singular Plural However, possessive pronouns do
not use apostrophes-e.g.This is
First person mrne ours one of tffi= theirs. This is because
possessive pronouns already show
Second person yours yours
ownership so they don't need an
Third person his, hers, its theirs apostrophe for this function.

Language in use
1 FiIl in the gaps with appropriate possessive pronouns. Note that there are different
possibilities for some of these sentences.
a Con thinks that the ruler is
b Luella, is this my CD or is it ?

c Andrea's car wouldn't start and that is why we came in

d It is our mutual love of ballet, not just , that makes us all such good
friends.
L a e Her eyes shine brightly, while are dull and look sore from too much
television.
f Their father looked around and said to them: 'All this will one day be _ .'

g She and her brother had sat side by side for so long that their personalities had
begun to blend and it was impossible to know which ideas were
and which were

2 Read the story and answer the questions that follow.

Far off in Dreamtime, there were only people; no animals or birds, no trees or bushes, no hills
or mountains.
The country was flat. Goorialla, the great Rainbow Serpent, stirred and set off to look for his
own tribe. He travelled across Australia from south to north. He reached Cape York where he
stopped and made a big red mountain called Naralullgan. He listened to the wind and heard
only voices speaking strange languages.

2
 *" X Fossessi\re prerlsexm$

'This is not my country, the people here speak a different

tongue (n.) [anguage, vocabulary
' tongue. I must look for my own people.' Goorialla left granite (n.) hard rock used as a
building stone
" Naralullgan and his huge body made a deep gorge where he
peak (n.) mountain top
came down. He travelled north for many days and his tracks
humpy (n.) simpte hut or shelter
made the creeks and rivers as he journeyed north. Goorialla
':' made two more mountains. One of the Naradunga was long, D ID YOU KNOh/...
'- made of granite. The other had sharp peaks and five caves There are many other versions
' and was called Minalinha. One day Goorialla heard singing of this particular Dreaming
and said, 'Those are my people, they are holding story. See if you can find some
a big Bora.'
online or in the [ibrary.
At the meeting piace of the two rivers, Goorialia found
his own peopie singing and dancing. He watched for a long time, then he came out and was
welcomed by his people. He showed the men how to dress properly and taught them to dance.
A big storm was gathering, so all the people built humpies for shelter.
Two young men, the Bil-bil or Rainbow Lorikeet brothers, came looking for shelter but no
one had any room. They asked their grandmother, the Star Woman, but she had too many dogs
and couldn't help them. The Bil-bil brothers went to Goorialla who was snoring in his humpy
but he had no room. The rain got heavier and the boys went back to Goorialla and called out
that the rain was heavy. Goorialla said, All right come in now.'The Bil-bil brothers ran into
Gooriallas mouth and he swallowed them. Then he began to worry about what the people
would say when they found the boys missing. He decided to travel north to Bora-bunaru, the
only great natural mountain in the land. Next morning the people found that the boys were
gone and saw the tracks of Goorialla and knew that he had swallowed them.
You may never see these lakes or mountains, but after the rain you will see his spirit in the
sky, which is the rainbow. This is the reason why he is called Goorialla, the Rainbow Serpent.
'The Rainbow Serpent', The Didjshop website

a Underline all the personal pronouns in the text.

H INT
b Circle aII the possessive pronouns in the text.
Discuss with a partner: What are
c What is the Il,ainbow Serpent's other name? Dreaming stories? Do you know of any
simitar stories in other cuttures?

d What happened when Goorialla left Naralullgan?

e What do you think a Bora is?

f What is the other name bywhich the Bil-bil brothers are known?

g What happened when Goorialla let the Bil-bil brothers into his humpy?

h Is Goorialla a wicked serpent? E>cplain your answer using evidence from the text

30 PEARSON english 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 WWW
ffi- N i& N{
ffiW.ffi

W SN

Name Class Due date

Language explained
Prepositions are smail but important words. They tell us the relationship of a noun
or pronoun to another word or group of words in a sentence. Notice how changing
a preposition in the following sentences changes their meaning.
The dog walked towards the table.
The dog walked beneath the table.
The dog walked across the table. i

Each preposition.changesrthe relationship of one noun (the dog) to another noun (the
.table). Sometimes a preposition is made up of more than one word, such as in front of .
This is called a prepositional phrase.
J Some of the most common prepositions are:

aboard before for onto under

about behind from out underneath
above below in out of unlike
ACTOSS beneath in front of outside until
after beside inside over up
against between into past up to
along beyond like since upon
amid by near through via
among concerning next to throughout with
around down of til I within
AS during off to without
at except on towards

:Prepositions are always paired with an object. Note WH I TEH,S TOOLBOX

9 .'that there may be more than one object to the verb. Prepositions can provide great
The object is usually a noun or a pronoun. examples of redundant word use in
writing. There are many instances of
people writing that'the vase fettoff of
' ls-\
'ihe secret door,was behind the wardrabe. the tabte', for example, or that'it was
",
pulbackdown'.)usl one of the words
o ect = noun in italics woutd be enough to convey
what the author wanted to say.
Mr Salmond ran towards us.
object = plonoun
H INT
was for Scott and Lauren. The object of a

object = lural r noun preposition is a noun

The article? You willfind it
object 1 = pronoun
last year's magazine
object 2 = noun
as they clarify the
or pronoun that has
a relationship with
another word in the
phrase. lt is usua[[y
written directly after
lhe preposition.

3
 tP Frepmsit$*ms

Language in use H I NT
1 Complete each sentence with two possible prepositions. You can answer a 'Where?'
question to check that the
a The spider ran _ I _the window ledge. preposition you have chosen
makes sense. E.g.The spider
b The vampire crept slowly the crypt.
ron along the window ledge.
c She walked _ I _the classroom -s Where did the spider run?
Along the window ledge.
d In 1969, humans flew into space and headed
the moon.
e Minh decided to drive her car the Great Ocean H,oad.

2 a Write out the prepositional phrases that appear in the box of prepositions
on page 31.

b Can you think of any additional prepositional phrases that are not included in
the box?

UJBITEFI 'S TOOLBOX

Traditionalists will tell you that it is wrong to end a sentence with a preposition, but modern
Engtish usage has now accepted that sometimes this is unavoidable and just sounds better. For
exampte,'Who are you going to the party with?'sounds much less forma[ than 'With whom are
you going to the party?'

3 H.G. WeIIs' novel The War of the Worlds is about Martians invading our planet. In
this extract, the narrator describes his first view of the Martians. Underline the
prepositions. Then rewrite the extract in your notebook, replacing the prepositions
rvith different ones to change the meaning. Compare your answer with a partner's.
After the glimpse I had had of the Martians emerging from
the cylinder in which they had come to the earth from their
planet, a kind of fascination paralysed my actions. I remained
standing knee-deep in the heather, stadng at the mound that hid
them. I was a battleground of fear and curiosity.
I did not dare to go back towards the pit, but I felt a passionate
longing to peer into it. I began walking, therefore, in a big curve,
seeking some point of vantage, and continually looking at the
sandheaps that hid these newcomers to our earth. Once a leash of
thin black whips, like the arms of an octopus, flashed across the
glimpse (n.) a quick took
sunset and was immediately withdrawn, and afterwards a thin rod
heather (n.) a type of shrub
rose up, joint by joint, bearing at its apex a circular disc that spun longing (n.) a need or, desire
with a wobbling motion. What could be going on there? vantage (n.) a position with
H. G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, 1898 a good view
apex (n.) the highest point,
summit

32 PEARSoN *ngll*h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

Language explained
Conjunctions are joining words. They can be used to join single words, groups of
words or whole sentences. The most common conjunctions are:

rl after AS for though when

although because or unless while
and but SO until yet

Conjunctions are used to join: H I NT

. single words To remember some of the
Fred went to the shopping centre. Ginger went to most com mon conjunctions,
use the word FANBOYS.
the shopping centre.
\ t-
Using a conjunction, this becomes:
The letters in this acronym
represent the first [etter of
Fred and Ginger went to the shopping centre. the conjunctions for, and, nor,
but, or, yet, so.
. groups
When a descri a person, animal,
r thing are of equal weight, we use and:

Jimmy is talented, fast, tall. -t Jimmy is

When the qualities are being contrasted, we
Michael is tatented but lazy.
Conjunctions can also be used to join together groups of words that do not
make sense on their own. For example: 'Malanyi filed her nails' can be joined to 'the

filed her nails while the orchestra played

w
LI
example:
Liz is the captain of the Victorian Netball Team. Laura is the captain af the
Australian Netball Team.
This becomes:
Liz is the captain of the Victorian Netball Team although Laura is the captain of
the Australian Netball Team.

Language in use
1 Fill in the gaps with appropriate conjunctions from the box above

a There can be no peace in this nation the parties continue to fight.

b Joel Hewie played outside with the baII until it got dark

c No-one enjoyed the first lesson they did enjoy the recess break.

3:
 3S somjunctimns

d You can take the blue car you can wait until the red one arrives.

e Kate is a popular girl, even she keeps a low profile.

f Linuka was feeling sad he realised that Xuying hadn't meant to hurt
his feelings.
g The new film opened to bad reviews the audience seemed to enjoy it
very much.
h We can't go _ our motherwon't let us.
i You may leave the house you have done all your
l TEFN 'S
V'/H
homework. TOOLEOX
And shows equatity.
2 Fill in the gaps using or, antd or but.
8ut shows contrast.
a You can run you can't hide. Or shows choice.

b I have to choose between the red shoes the black

shoes.

c Sarah could stay with us with your family.

dVesnaLarissaarecoming-theyarenotbringingtheir
families with them.

e Tim is fasterthan Marco Rohan can outrun both of them.

f Would you rather see the archery at the Olympic Games would you
prefer to get tickets for the swimming?
gIwouldpreferpiz,za-whatwehavefordinnerisuptoyou.
h When you mix the colours red _ blue you get purple.

i Matilda should have been Queen of England her cousin Stephen took
the throne instead.

3 Read the text and complete the questions that follow.

The Battle of the Giants
immortals (n.) gods who
The invasion so long dreaded and expected came suddenly. For can live forever
Earth had made the Giants and hidden them away in great caves volcanic (adj.) created by
far to the north of Greece until the moment came when they were or containing volcanoes
capture (v.) catch, trap
strong and fierce enough to assail heaven.
Then, as soon as Zeus seemed very much engaged in quarrelling with Hera and tossing
Hephaestus out of heaven, the Giants came down into Greece and got ready to attack the
Immortals.
They camped on the volcanic plain of Phlegra, and the first thing they did was to capture
the golden-horned cattle of the Sun-Titan, Helios, and carry them off for food ...

34 PEARSON *n6{i$h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Ctass Due date

'We cannot slay the Giants unaidedl'cried Zeus. 'So much the Titan Prometheus told me. A
mortal must kill them, when we have overcome them-the greatest hero in all Greece, if he be
brave and strong enough. And that man is Heracles! For this he was born, my son and the son
of a mortai woman. For this he has been trained ali these years, and has accomplished such
labours as no mortal did before. Nor shall do again!'
Then he sent Athena to fetch Heracles. But meanwhile the words of Zeus had reached Earth,
and she, fearing lest all her plots should come to nought, bade the Giants seek for a magic herb
which would render them proof even against the mortal hero.
Roger Lancelyn Green, Tales of the Greek Heroes, Penguin Books, 1971

a Circle aJI the conjunctions used in the passage.

b Circle the correct answer.
(. a i Earth is a planet / a goddess / dirt.
ii The word 'assail' means to worry / to attack or overcome / to
threaten.
iii Theword'quarrel' means a slight disagreement/ adiscussion
befineen friends / an angry argament.
c In your own words explain what a hero is.

d Who are Heracles'parents?

e What does it mean to be an immortal?

J
f Name all the immortals mentioned in the passage.

g Why did the Giants capture the golden-horned cattle?

\Iocabulary builder
4 How many words can you make using the letters in the word 'astronomical'? Words
must be three or more letters long.

35
lr

Building on language
5 Choose which of the two conjunctions is the most appropriate to use.
There were times when/forbeing a mother wasn't nearly so/asmuchfin as/though Holly had
thought it would be! Times like now when/althoughher two children, whom she loved very
much, were arguing about what they would like to do during the upcoming school holidays.
The conversation had started well but/althoughit had now gone on for fifteen minutes
and/since the voices of her children had got higher but/and not more rational as time had
ticked away.
'I want to go to the movies', screamed ten-year-old Rebecca.
H I NT
'l want to go roller-skating', yelled back eight-year-old Ben.
There are around one hundred
you can do one thing or/andthe other', stated Holly,
'We11,
and fifty prepositions in the
as/yet calmly and as/yet evenly as/since she possibly could. 'But Engtish [anguage. To setect
not both unless/whetherwe decide not to go to the museum.' the correct preposition in
your writing:
The problem was that/when there were so many choices for
. read widety
them to consider. Ho1ly couldnt take them everywhere they . consutt a dictionary
wanted to go unless/while she won the lottery and/sincethat . memorise lists of common
wasnt likely to happen! So/Untilthe children had to choose two phrases that contain a
preposition.
places to visit because/althoughthatwas what Holly thought
reasonable.

6 Join the following groups of words with the appropriate conjunctions to make clear
sentences. You might need to add extra words or change the order of the groups to
make sentences.

a, Hot day. Boy wants to swim. No water in pool.

b Zoe broke a nail. Glass in toe. Broken mug.

c High salary available. Working in the city. Wade sold his business

d Joseph was sad. Best friend moved au/ay.

36 PEARSoN english 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

Language explained E
Paired conjunctions are pairs of words used to join single words, groups of words or
whole sentences. Paired conjunctions are also known as correlative conjunctions.

both ... and not only ... but also

either ... or whether ... or
neither ... nor not ... but

or Japanese to study.
\ t,

Language in use
1 Match the sentence halves to make a complete sentence.
a Frowning heavily, both Lee's but also vacuumed the rest of the
mother house and emptied the dishwasher.
b Either you clean up your room nor his father could understald his
this morning sudden enthusiasm for domestie chores.
c Lee not only cleaned up his or if their son had finally seen the error
room of his lazyways.
d Neither Lee's mother and his father insisted he tackle the
mess in his bedroom.
e They wondered whether there or you are not going out this evening.
was something more to it
\ J 2 Combine the following sentences into one sentence using the paired conjunctions
in brackets.
a I drink coffee. I drink tea. (both...and)

b Anna has not seen Peter Jackson's new film. She has not seen Quentin
Tarantino's Iatest film either. (neither... nor)

c Damian plays the piano. He also plays guitar. (not only... but also)

d I don't care if you stay.I don't care if you go. (r+rhether... or)

37
 K& Fair*d eonjwnctisne

e We can walk to school. We can ride our bicycles to school. (either ... or)

f Cyber bullying is against the school rules. Cyber bullying is iIIegaI

(not only... but also)

3 Select one of the paired conjunctions from the box

essential (adj.) extremely important
on page 37 to complete these famous quotes. tiberty (n.) freedom, independence
temporary (adj.) tasting for a short
a 'Those who would give up essential liberty to period of time
accomplish (v.) achieve
purchase a little temporary safety
pait (n.) a bucket
t
deserve Iiberty whotty (adv.) comptetety

safety.' (Benj amin F ranklin)

b 'The man of knowledge must be able to love his enemies

to hate his friends.' (Friedrich Nietzsche)

c 'To accomplish great things, we must act, dream;

plan, believe.' (Anatole France)

d 'Education is the filling of a pail the lighting of a fire.'

(William ButlerYeats)

e 'The fascination of shooting as a sport depends almost wholly on

you are at the right wrong end of the gun.' (P G. Wodehouse)

t' the life of an individual the history of a societ5r can \

be understood without understanding both.' (C. Wright Mills)

g 'In the end, we will remember the words of our enemies

the silence of our friends.' (Martin Luther King Jr)
h you decide to stay in the shallow end of the pool you
go out in the ocean.' (Christopher Reeve)

H INT
Make a note of any difficult phrases in these quotes that you cannot make sense of. Your
teacher wil[ help you to understand these after you have finished reading.
You may want to search online to learn about each of the famous peopte and to better
understand the meaning of their quote.

38 PEARSoN ongtish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 yalrec

Class Due date

Read the foli<ta1e and answer the questions that follow.

- ie second appearance of the ghost was on Sunday night. Shortly after they had gone to bed
::ley were suddenly alarmed by a fearful crash in the hall. Rushing down-stairs, they found
:lat a large suit of old armour had become detached from its stand, and had fallen on the
stone floor, while seated in a high-backed chair was the Canterville ghost, rubbing his knees
with an expression of acute agony on his face. The twins, having brought their pea-shooters
with them, at once discharged two pellets on him, with that accuracy of aim which can only
be attained by long and careful practice on a writing-master, while the United States Minister
covered him with his revolver, and called upon him, in accordance with Californian etiquette,
to hold up his hands! The ghost started up with a wild shriek of rage, and swept through them
Iike a mist, extinguishing Washington Otis's candle as he passed, and so leaving them all in
total darkness. On reaching the top of the staircase he recovered himseif, and determined to
L tt give his celebrated peal of demoniac laughter. This he had on more rhal one occasion found
extremely useful. It was said to have turned Lord Raker's wig gre-r. ii : s-:-s = :--g:-: ::-r :-:l
certainly made three of Lady Cantervrlle! French governesses g:-.-: -,';::::-:-: :=:::= ::-=-:
month was up. He accordingly laughed his most horrible laugh, tjll the old
and rang again, but hardly had the fearful echo died away when a d
Otis came out in a light blue dressing-gown.'I am afraid you are far from vi
have brought you a bottle of Doctor Dobell's tincture. If it is indrg:s:-::- -.-: -.',
- --.
excellent remedy.'The ghost glared at her in fury, and began at once to make pre:a:l:-::-. :::
turning himself into a large black dog, an accomplishment for which he was justly reno',',-::: j
and to which the family doctor always attributed the permanent idiocy of Lord Canterville's
uncle, the Hon. Thomas Horton. The sound of approaching footsteps, however, made him
hesitate in his fell purpose, so he contented himself with becoming faintly phosphorescent,
and vanished with a deep churchyard groan, just as the twins had come up to him.
Oscar Wilde, 'The Canterville Ghost', 1887

L J a Find the meaning of the following words and write a definition of each one in
the space provided.
i pellet
ii etiquette
iii demoniac
iv vaulted
v tincture
vi phosphorescent
b How does the American family treat the ghost?

39
 c{ffi
,L* Paired conjunctions

c What traditional ghostly tactics has the ghost had success with in the past?

d What is the ghost's reaction to the way the Americans treat him?

e \\trat do you think happens to the Canterville ghost? Continue the story in your
notebook.
a

Spelling practice
A common letter blend that often trips people up in their spelling is the combination of p
and h, which is particularly common in words of Greek origin. The letters make an f sound
when used in this combination.

5 Use the Look/Say/CoverflMrite/Check method of learning your spelling words.

atmosphere geography paragraph physics
biography graph phase sophisticated
emphasis nephew photograph telephone
emphasise orphan phrase trophy

H I NT \
Be carefuI applying the ph pronunclation rule to compound words (these are two words
that have been joined together-for example, basket + ball = basketboll). ln a compound
word, if the last letter of the first word is p and the first letter of the second word is h,
then you do not pronounce them as f, lnstead, you pronounce each letter separately
using its normaI pronunciation. For example,loophole, peephole, uphill, uphold.

Building on language
6 In your notebook, write two sentences for each set of paired conjunctions.
a both... and
b either... or
c neither... nor
d not only... but also

40 PEARSoN *mglish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 ffi
Name Class Due date

WFI ITER'S
TOOLBOX
Always ensure that
there are at least three
items in your series. As a
general rule, you do not
:,' '". .and.leaptiitotheriver. ', ', need a comma between
two items.
\- : t: .to separate additional infor.mation in a,sentence . Correct: You will need to
buy milk and breod.
, (!f )rou can take:the,additional inforrnation,out of the lncorrect: You will need
sentence and the sentence still makes sense. it can be
to buy milk, and bread.
, !,eparated by cornmas.)
Mr Zomer, the man with the camera by his side, rs our next-door nei1hcc,.
The Rayal Flying Doctor Service, which was founded by the Re,/erenc J.:-
. , to separate two or more adjectives that come before a noun.
Nick knew that it was a sturdy backpack.
retiabte.
Patricia marvelled at {he stunning, powerful and famous painting that hung

Sometimes a noun and an adjective are closely linked. This is called a compound
noun. The noun and adjective should not be separated by a comma.
Correcl: Cameron packed his sporfs socks, jocks, jumper and boots into his bag.
L 3
lncorrect: Cameron packed his sports, socks,;bcks , jumpey and boots into his bag.

Language in use
1 Insert commas where appropriate.
a West Coast Fever Queensland Firebirds the Northern
Mystics the Adelaide Thunderbirds and the Melbourne I{ I NT
Vixens are just some of the teams that compete in the Try this: read each
sentence out loud, and
ANZ NetbaII Championships. you will hear yourself
b I visited a number of countries: ItalyCanada Thailand pause briefly in the
ptaces where there
Vietnam South Africa Papua New Guinea China and shoutd be a comma.
Austria.
c Emily AIne and Charlotte Brontei were three of the most famous novelists
ever to come out of England.

41
 15 Gommas (Part 1)

d When I grow up I would like to climb Mount Everest swim the Atlantic
Ocean record my very own album and if I have time I'd also like to win
an Oscar.
e My sister who is always wearing her hair in a pon5rtail is buying a ca on
the weekend.
f Alfred Hitchcock who made some of the most popular films of all time
never won an Oscar for Best Director.
g I thought that I would get up early go to the shops meet some friends in
town for lunch get my hair cut watch a movie and visit the gallery on my
first day of holidays.
h Mercury Venus Saturn and Jupiter are some of the planets in our solar
system.
i The storm lashed at the houses knocked down trees washed away the \
boats sent travellers running for their lives and brought floodwaters to the
quiet tiny fishing village on the coastline.
j I am going to invite all my friends from school to my part5r: Glenn Natalie
Scott Liz Tuan Jodie Miguel and Martha.

Building on language
2 AII the commas have been removed from the passage below. Your job is to put them
back in.
' In an armchair with an elbow resting on the table and her head leaning on that
hand sat the strangest lady I have ever seen or shall ever see.
She was dressed in rich materials-satins and lace and silks-all of white. Her shoes
were white. And she had a long white veil dependent
from her hair and she had bridal flowers in her hair trunk (n.) box or case
\
but her hair was white. Some bright jewels sparkled on bosom (n.) a woman's chest
trinket (n.) smatt, cheap ornament,
her neck and on her hands and some other jewels lay
such as a jeweI or ring
* sparkling on the table. Dresses less splendid than the looking-glass (n.) mirror
dress she wore and half-packed trunks were scattered
&
about. She had not quite finished dressing for she had DID YOU KNOV'/...
*
s but one shoe on-the other was on the table near her Charles Dickens is one of
s
*
hand-her veil was but half arranged her watch and the most famous Engtish
I chain were not put on and some lace for her bosom authors of atl time. You
&
might tike to read Oliver
lay with those trinkets and with her handkerchief and
& Twist, A Christmas Carol or
& gioves and some flowers and a prayer-book all confusedly another of his famous works.
&
6 heaped about the looking-glass.
*
* Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, 1860-61

42 PEARSON Snsllsh 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 I a

Class Due date

Languag'e expl,ained, .

Commas,are, alaio, used,in,the. llowingr,situations:,

direct speech the actual
. to introduce direct speech , words of the speaker
Annika sai.d, 'Tttis will be the last tirne tfiaf l.lend introductory clause pa rt
you my clothes, You never return them,' of a sentence that provides
backgrou nd information for
. to separate tlre person being addressed,fromrthe rest of the rest of the sentence
the sentence numera[ (n.) number
Rebecca; p/ease be carefulon ttte stairwell.','' independent part a part of a
sentence that can stand atone
. to separate an introductory clause from the fest of the and still make sense
sentence
Yes; / did eat the,whole packet;of biscuits.

E
I .
Not surprisingly, I was unable
to separate items in addr:esses,:
to finish my dinner.

Joel was bo.rn in, Melbourne, Victoria.

iE The letter was found in the old house at 15 Blackshaws Road, Alverton.
Ner,y South Wales.
' to separate an introductory phrase that contains numerals and is immediately
followed by other numerals
By the end of 2A15. 5AA vofunteers had joined our organisation.
' to separate independent parts of a sentence that ar:e joined by a conjunction such
as and, but, far, nor, or, sa or yet.
The striped kitten was my favourite, but it was sold before I cauld purchase it.
He had worked allday on his writing assignment, yet he appeared to have
E. rnade little progress with it:

(t J Language in use
1 Place commas in the correct places.
a if you don't clean that desk I'11 throw ever5rthing in the bin.'
Jagdeep said 'Nico
b There were many fires raging in the state but the one that I was most
scared about was the one in the back paddock.
c It wasn't the fact that he had broken the tetevision that was worrying him
nor was it the knowledge that his father was going to be home soon it
was the fact that he was about to miss his own debut on the network that
was upsetting him.
d The letter was sent to 10 Robertson Drive An5rwheresville when it
was meant to go to 20 Robinson Street Ever5rwheresville.
e Ms Mundey the Science coordinator at our school reminded us that we
would need to be safe in the laboratories but that we would always learn
something exciting in her subject.

43
 SS eomxr*s {Part a}

f As they stood by the anniversary cake Anthony remarked 'Sa:a .-,r

I along with our children thank each of you our dear foiends Bd
for sharing this night with us.'
g 'Helen please pass David the photographs from the trip.'
h 'Please Emily could you stop making me laugh during class so 'h* I
don't get into trouble.'
i It was an extraordinary wedding but the highlight was watching
Hare perform the haka.
j Yes you may borrow my bike.

2 or circre each commawith the approp'"*?

ff*ff;il1X"J iilll;Ti-".._t
green = Iist comma
red marking additional information
= comma
blue = comma marking introductory clause
pink = comma separating two or more adjectives
purple = comma separating person being addressed
orange = comma separating independent parts of a sentence
joined by a conjunction
yellow = comma marking direct speech

Abanazer Bolger, paying little attention to the boy's prattle, led him behind the counter and
opened the door to the storeroom, a windowless little space, every inch of which was crammed
high with teetering cardboard boxes, each filled with junk. There was a box filied with violils
an accumulation of stuffed dead animais, chairs without seats, books and prints.
There was a small desk beside the door, and Abanazer Bolger pulled up the only chair, and
sat down,letting Bod stand. Abanazer rummaged in a drawer, in which Bod could see a half-
empiy bottie of whisky, and pulled out an almost-finished packet of chocolate chip cookies,
and he offered one to the boy; he turned on the desk light, looked at the brooch again, the
swirls of red and orange in the stone, and he examined the black metal band that encircled it,
suppressing a little shiver at the expression on the heads of the snake-things. 'This is old,'he
said. 'It's-'priceless, he thought, 'probably not really worth much, but you never know.' Bod's
face fell.
Neil Gaiman, The Graveyard Book, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2008

prattle (v.) talk or gossip meaninglessly

crammed (v.) fitted to the point of overflowing
teetering (adj.) poorty balanced, swaying back and forth, about to fa[[
accumutation (n.) gathering of things over a period of time
rummage (v.) search around in an untidy manner
brooch (n.) decorative jeweltery that is pinned to clothing
suppressing (v.) stopping something from happening
priceless (adj.) impossibte to assign a price to because of its great value

44 PEARSON ang{ish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

ge.h$Uhg6,,exPlain
,-'
,A-no,s.tr:oph eB
:
:arej:] pro b q b,tw: the lritti est, pun cl u a t io n
F'l I NT
m,A:l$.. in Th,r" corn m on re a s o n sr'for, the.it:,
use are:
;Eryi$llSh l; " r,,,,.
You can contract the verb ls when it
comes after a noun (e.g. fhe rcacher's
. to show that letters have been omitted in angry = the teacher is angry). But
don't confuse this with the use of
contractions; that is, when words are shortened
the apostrophe + s (-'s) to indicate
is not = isn't possession (e.9. the teacher's desk =
would have = would've the desk of the teacher).
yoLr are = you'fe
rock and roll = rack'n' roll
madam = ma'am
T . to show that numbers have been omitted in dates
My team won the grand final in'14.
is can be effective

orses'round the

Language in use
1 Make contractions of these phrases and insert the apostrophe into the right place
a she would g let us
b where is h of the clock
c we are i had not
6l d you will j could not
e I would k is not
f they are I are not

h/RITER,S TOOLBOX
The word not can be shortened to -n't and added to a verb without changing the spetting of the verb.
The exceptlons to this rule are wiil not, which becomes won't, and cannot, which becomes can't.

2 Rewrite each sentence with contractions where appropriate.

a Back in 2015 I had a terrible toothache. I went to the local dentist and
hoped that he would be able to extract it.

b She would have bought the jumper if it had been on saJe

45
 c 'Where
is the peanut butter? It is in the cupboard!

d I would have studied for my Maths exam but I had lost my book and notes.

e She is sure theywill show up for dinner.

3 Write the contraction of the italicised words in each sentence.

a What is that extraordinary structure?

I.,{ I NT
b Itis Stonehenge. It is one of the
When completing
most famous structures in the United Kingdom. activity 3, look for t-=
pronounsl .:, -. ""r
c You will find it in the south of England.
d Who is responsible for building it? v,,l-:- -=- .
of :::-:'. '

e No-one is entirely sure. ff is believed that

druids may have built it nearly 5000 years ago
f You would not believe how massive those stones are. Thei-;:=
quite extraordinary.
g What is even more amazing is that the stone is not
from any of the local areas. It means that they must have
carried it hundreds of miles over land and sea.
h You must have spent hours exploring it.
i ftis funny, because I really did not want to go
I thought it was just some stupid old rocks.
j What is it like in the centre of it?
k I was disappointed that I did not get to go into the middle. Y: -
can only go there if you book it in advance

46 PEARSON ss$i.i$ii1 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 -
Name Class Due date

Building on language
4 Read the extract and complete the exercises on the next page

England, tune to August 1768

The boy knew danger was coming. prow (n.) the front end of a boat
He could hear it, sitting at the prow of his ferryboat gushed (v) ftowed with extreme force
cascade (n.) water ftowing quickty
on the broad river Thames ... a deep growl of angry water
downwards, like a waterfatl
that grew louder as they neared London Bridge. seafaring (adj.) often travetting by sea
He could feel it, for the boat began to kick and strain as
it caught the edges of the rip, where the pent-up river gushed into narrow channels between
the piers.
And then he could see it. A white, foaming cascade as the water swirled through the arches,
T Iike a rapids.
Danger. And the boy Isaac knew what he would do.
'\Mill you get out and walk round, young sir, as I shoot the bridge?' asked the ferryman,
rowing towards the riverbank stairs. 'l'11pick ye up on the other side.'
Young Isaac Manley shook his head. 'I'm shooting the bridge with you.'
'Most unwise.'The man squinted. 'Your father wouldn't like it.'
'l dont care.'
'He give me a silver half crown to deliver you safe down river, to the shrp Endeavour -ir,rhar-'s

being fitted out for the South Seas. He wont want you drowned before you've even reached
Deptford.'
'My fathert not here. He'Il never know.'
'He's a lawyer, matey. And lawyers know everything.'
'Please!'The boy turned to the ferryman, seeking his own justice. 'I've never been allowed.
It's the first time. Before I board that ship, I must know if I dare ...'

'You know what they say: London Bridge is for wise men to cross and fools to go under.'
'l can add a sixpence to your fare.'Isaac felt for his purse.
Ah, so that's where the wind lies. How old are ye?'
'Thirteen.'
DID YOU KNOW
The man bared his yellow teeth and blinked at Isaac's coin.
lsaac Manley really did
'Then I'11be a wise fool and take the young master's money, sail on the Endeavourwilh
too.'He spat on his hands.'I've been a seafaring man myself. Captain Cook. Anthony Hil[
has fictionalised his story,
Let's see what sort of sailor you'll make.'
imagining what it must have
And bracing his feet on the boards, he pulled the boat into been [ike for the young boy
midstream. to be a part of this historic
lsaac shivered a little, spray wet on his face, and drew his CTEW.

cloak around him. He hoped he d be a good sailor and do his

father proud, but he didnt know...
Anthony Hill, Captain Cook's Apprentlce, Penguin Australia, 2008

47
 4?
*il. # S,postrophes {Fart X}

a Find the examples of apostrophes used in this passage. Rewrite the

without the contractions.

b How has meaning of the text changed after the

H I NT
contractions are taken out? What happens to the tone of
Conslder using some
the language? Why do you think Anthony HiIl has used of the following terms,
apostrophes here in this conversation? if retevant, to describe
tone in activity 4b:
i nformal, formal, relaxed,
serious, personol,
impersonal, simple,
elaborote.

c '... and take the young master's

money...'Why do you think an apostrophe
might have been used here? (If you're not sure why then you will learn about it
in the next unit.)

d What impression do you get of Isaac from this short extract?

e Why do you think that the ferr5rman agrees to let Isaac ride the rapids with
him?

48 PEARSON engliSh 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Apostrx*phes {Fmrt 3}

2 Where does the apostrophe go in these examples?

a, Mr Peters dog
b Nicolas tablet
3 Rewrite each phrase using the possessive apostrophe
a a secret recipe belonging to a chef

b a watch belonging to your grandfather

c the nest of a bird (one bird)

d the nest of the birds (more than one bird) \ e

Building on language
4 Read the extract. When you read it for the second time, decide whether the
apostrophes are used for possession (P) or contraction (C).
Arkin Westermarkin was a good, hardworking miller, even if he wasnt Lj very bright. His mitl
had once turned out bags of flout, which Arkin sold in the village of Farchbarden, in a part of
Sweden where the mountains met the sea. The mill was on
the banks of the mighty River Polg. This waterway flowed miller (n.) a person who works in a
from the mountains and had for many years turned the mill's flour mil[
trickle (n.) a slow stream of tiquid
U big waterwheel that operated the grinding stones. But setdom (adv) not very often
recently the River Polg had become a mere trickle, and the
waterwheel no longer turned.
\ I
Because their mill no longer worked, the Westermarkins tried other \Mays to make money.
Freda set up a little stall in the village square where she twisted long skinny balloons into
animal shapes. The only thing she could make was a three{egged dog, so whatever you asked
for, that's L_) what you got. Even if you asked for a monkey riding a giraffe you got a three-
legged dog. It didn't ( ) help that Freda couldnt (-) afford bailoons and used old sausage
skins from the butcher instead. When the animals exploded they stank. Not surprisingly
Freda's ( ) balloon animals were fairly unpopular.
Inga sang songs outside people's ( ) windows. She had the loudest voice in Farchbarden
and she rarely made money, although some people paid her to go away and sing outside
someone eise's ( ) window. Karl went begging
from door to door. Even though he was very
polite, people seldom gave him anything. One old woman threw a rotten cabbage at him. But
Karl was a mild-mannered boy and thanked her for the gift.
Doug McLeod, Kevin the Irol/, Penguin Australia, 2007

50 PEARSON *np{ish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

Language explained
We use capital letters in the following situations. D ID YOU KNOV'/...
1 Starting a sentence: lt was a dark and starmy night. Another name for capitaI
letters is upper case.This
2 People's names and titles: Mr Mark Bresciano, term is derived from the
Ms Penny Chan, Sir Donald Bradman wooden cases that contained
the metal type used on
3 Days of the week and months of the year: Tuesday, letterp resses. Typesetters
June stored capita[ letters in the
'upper case' because they
4 Geographical locations: Bondi. Taiwan
were not used as often as
5 The opening salutation of a letter or email: Dear the sma[[er type, which was
stored in the more accessible

t Ms Wright, My Loving Family

6 The closing of a letter or email: Yours sincerely. Yours
'lower case'.

truly

7 Titles of books and films: Great Expectations, The

Curious Case of Beniamin Button
I The personal pronoun I

9 The start of the first word of a conversatian: 'Can I ask

you a question?'

10 Names of organisations, teams, institutions and

government bodies: the Western Buttdogs Football Ctub,
rhe Ministry of Defence
11 Names of historical events, eras, special events and
nolidays: the Russian Revolution, the Bronze Age,
Christmas
'il2 \,lames of specific examples of transportation: Boelng TEFI, S
U/H I
747. the Ghan Train TOO LBOX
'i3 \.ames of buildings and structures: the Sydney Opera Ru[e 12 only applies
rcuse, the Empire State Building to forms of transport
that have been given
''ll4 '.'onuments, memorials and awards: the Australian War names. This means that
','emorid, the Nobet Peace Prize, the Academy Awards if we talk about o ship it
remains in lower case,
'5 '.!,-ries of religious institutions, people and texts: Roman but if we discuss the
ia:nolics, Buddha, the Koran Titanic we use a capital.

'6 !.3:.e s of planets, stars and other heavenly bodies:

:e::rn. Halley's Comet

51
 K$ ffiaBitmt letters

Language in use
1 Look at the sixteen rules relating to capital letters on the previous page. Ttren
which of these rules apply to each sentence. (Ilint: more than one rule may apply.)
Write the rule numbers from page 51 in the right-hand column. Then rewrite the
sentence in the space beneath, putting capital letters in the correct spots. The first
has been done foryou.

aid (n.) assistance, hetp

classic (n.) a work of art that has gained recognition over time
astronomer (n.) a scientist who studies moons, planets, stars, etc.
pitgrimage (n.) a journey to a shrine or other place for spiritual reasons

a now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of the party.
Now is the time for oll good men to come to the oid of the Porty. l0

b the wizard of oz

c yesterday i went to the cinema nova and saw the classic film the sound of music.

d 'how are your mum and dad, tim?'simon asked as he lay on the floor

e on boxing day we are going to see the australian cricket team play at the
melbourne cricket ground.

f in the 1600s the astronomer galileo galilei discovered four of the moons of the
planet jupiter.

L
I thank you for your assistance in this matter. yours truly, miranda nguyen.

h the largest state in australia is western australia

I it is traditional for jewish people to make a pilgrimage to the wailing wall in jerusalem

j australian actor cate blanchett won an academy award for her role in the aviator.

k i asked my travel agent if she could recommend a holiday package to france and
she told me that rome would be a better choice than paris at this time of year.

52 PEARSON *nglish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Capit*} Setters

Name Class Due date

I my friend rebecca lives in winchester,

m the royal society for the prevention of cruelty to animals

n this year christmas falls on monday 25 december

o the prime minister said that the change in policy would be put into action by the
ministry of education.

I p during the middle ages it was traditional to celebrate shrove tuesday by cooking
pancakes and using up all the ingredients in your cupboards.

q dear mr anastasiou, i am writing to ask you to reconsider your position on the

building of the new cini family memorial gymnasium at your school.

Vocabulary builder
2 Tatiana emailed her grandmother about her stay in London. Unfortunately she left
the 'caps lock' button on and the whole email was written in capital letters. Rewrite
t the email in the space provided over the page, using appropriate capital letters.

H I NT
Before you read Tatiana's emait, make a list of anything you know that
relates to London. Then, as you rewrite the email, tlck off any items in
your list that atso appear in the emait.

DEAR GRANDMA,

I THOUGHT I WOULD WRITE TO YOU FROM LONDON TO LET YOU KNOW THAT I HAVE DONE ALL THE
THINGS YOU ASKED ME TO AND MORE. AS SOON AS I GOT HERE I WENT DOWN TO BUCKINGHAM
PALACE AND HAD MY PHOTO TAKEN IN FRONT OF THE BIG, BLACK GATES. THE NEXT DAY I WENTTO

THE TOWER OF LONDON AND SAW THE RAVENS. THEN I WENT TO WESTMINSTER ABBEY AND SAW
EDWARD I'S THRONE AND THE PLACE WHERE QUEEN ELIZABETH AND QUEEN MARY ARE BURIED
TOGETHER. I ALSO WENT TO THE THEATRE IN THE WEST END OF LONDON AND SAW A PLAY CALLED
THE END OF THE SUMMER. IT WAS GREAT BUT A BIT LONG.
}4UCH LOVE,
A

s3
)
 Cap*ta} letters

DID YOU KNOV',...

There is a legend that says
that if the ravens leave
the Tower of London the
monarchy of England will
end.

Spelling practice
3 Find these places and geographical features on a map of the world and then use the
Lool</Say/CoverAMrite/Check method to learn their spelling.
America Canberra England London promontory
Atlantic China lndonesia Moscow Russia
Australia
Beijing
continent
country
Jakarta
Japan
Pacific
peninsula
Tokyo
Washington
It
Building on language
4 Choose one of the locations in the Spelling practice words above and compose a
tourist brochure that outlines key information about that location. You should
include places of interest and important people in the history of the location.
Concentrate on getting your capital letters right!

hCH ITEH'S TOOLBOX

When creating your traveI brochure:
. Start with a catchy sentence.
. Decide who your audience witt be. You witl need to use different [anguage depending on whether
your brochure wit[ be read by budget backpackers, for exampte, or by luxury travetlers.
. Use buttet points to highlight the main features of the p[ace.
. Write in short, sharp sentences.
. Choose eye-catching pictures.

54 PEARSON sn$ti$h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name
Class Due date

lained
Hyphens
Hyphens are used:
. to divide a word at the end of a line, by dividing the word between syllables
lncorrect: Correct:
There were vampires, ghouls, go- There were vampires, ghouts, gob_
blins and monsters running wild tins and monsters running wild
at the party. at the party.
Note: Do not divide words that have only one syllable (for exampte, wash),
nor divide
words so that a single letter stands alone (for example, e-longated).
T . with prefixes ex-, self-, all-, great- and suffixes
prefix (n.,1 letters p acec at :-: .: j.. :,
-etect or -tree
aword to change iis cr si-.1 -=-- -:
ex-stu d e nt, cal o ri e-free suffix (n. [erte': : :-:: --._ ] :, i
=. =-
word to changt :s:-: -a ---.- -.
. for spelling out numbers between 21 and 99 (Seemcreir-^-2:

r unambiguous
to help plan my brother's

Brackets
We use round brackets, or parentheses, to enclose
n information in a sentence that is not considered to be of
\dFI ITER' S

major importance. This extra information can be as short as TOOLBOX

a single word or as long as a sentence. Note that if you are ln many cases you
could also use
using brackets within a sentence the information inside the
commas and dashes
brackets does not need to be capitalised and there is no end to enclose information
punctuation mark. lf, however, a whole sentence goes inside in a sentence.
brackets then the punctuation mark sits inside the-crosing
bracket.

Sophia Wolan (she's Megan's cousin) took us on a tour of the new

schoot btock.
Kate Bush (1958- ) was the first woman to top the British charts with
an album
that she had written and recorded.
Joan Fantaine and Otivia de Havilland were two famous actors who weresisfers
and who both won Oscars in the 1940s and starred in many famous
films such
as Rebecca, Gone with the wind and washington Square. (They allegedly
had not spoken in years.)

55
 ffi$ ffiyphensu braeke*x and dashes

Square brackets are used to add information to a quote sothatthe quote -:.=
or that information contained within it can be elaborated on.
Kim Stephens stepped proudly towards the podium to accept her award. 'l'd tt<:
to thank you for this [award]. When t first started this [project], I had no idea t.;:
[my titm] would bring so much joy to so many !ives.'

Dashes
Dashes are used to break up a sentence when you wish to show a cha-:: - :- : -ffrlll
or speech.
I thought l'd buy Cathy and Anthony an anniversary present-and then ! ,cs:
my wallet!
The class excursion to the museum-l've never been there-willtake place
next week.
Do you think Mr Buttacavoli witt mind-l realty hope he doesn't-if we ask for
an extension on our assignments?

Language in use
1 Insert h5rphens, brackets or dashes in these sentences.
a In twenty years' time, I wiII be thirty two years old.
b Mary Stuart 1542-87 was only six days old when her father died
and made her Queen of Scotland.
c Elizabeth I reigned for fort5r four years.
d Mary Tudor who became Mary I was half sister to Elizabeth I.
e Lady Jane Grey who was cousin to both Elizabeth and Mary reigned for
nine days before she was executed on her cousin's orders.
f The entire top floor of the building it has been run down for years
is going to be renovated next year.
g It was her ex coach who later coached another Wimbledon Champion who
first saw her potential as an athlete.
h Fiona Harris I love her performances has a new television show out ttris week.
i 'Do you think Anais will care I really hope that she won't if we didn't play
netball at lunch toda58' asked Sachi.
j The World Wildlife Fund formed in 1961 is now known as the WorldWide
Fund for Nature WWF.
k Do you mind I don't if Jane and John come with us to the market tomorrow?
I Finn unwrapped the present to find it was a self inflatable dinosaur.
2 Form a group with two other students in your class. Allocate h5rphensto one student,
bracketsto another student a,nd dashes to the final student. Take it in turns to explain
to your group how your punctuation mark is used, and don't forget to give examples.

56 PEARSON engllsh 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Ctass Due date

Language explained
Colons
Colons are used:
1 to introduce a list
I am studying the following subjects at school:
lv,l,usic, E.nglish, Drama, Science, Mathematics and
Humanities.
tf you are writing a
i
2 to reveal an answer i script for a ptay, film
or raclio broadcast, you
Elephants have one great enemy: humans.
witl most likely use
3 when the second part of a sentence elaborates on the ideas colons to introduce

I in the first part of the sentence

It was a time of great unrest in the school:sfudenfs
each speaker.

and staff awaited the arrival of the new principal.

4 to introduce a quotation.

however. a
nts

as therefore, rnoreover,

H I NT
To demonstrate your understanding of the difference between cotons and
semicolons, draw a Venn diagram and record all of the things you know
about each ofthese punctuation marks, including those features that they
have in common.

57
 Language in use
1 Decide whether a colon or semicolon should be used. Additionally, state which ot
the rules Iisted on page 57 best applies. Write the rule number in the last colum-n-

a These people are my best friendsO Leanne, Tim, Harry and Joel.

b It was the best of times it was the worst of times.

c I have everything I need for breakfast my cereal, my fruit and my yoghurt.

d Daniel bought a couch

O ho*"u"r, he did not have a room to put it in

e Phi had spaghetti for dinne Charles had steak.

f I took my coat to the footy it looked like it might get cold

g lf you get hurt in the bush, here's what you should do stay put, call 000 on your
mobile phone and try not to panic.
Q
h Jimmy was very proud of his team's performance he was nevertheless a
gracious winner.

I Athena wanted to move to Sydney she knew her parents would not like it if she
did.

j Susie competed in several eventsO high jump, hurdles and the relay.

Martin Luther King Jr inspired a nation when he saidQ 'l have a dream.'
I The cricket was very slow although it was exciting at the end.

m There is only one thing that can stop the development protesters

n To organise a good wedding you need Oatience, tact, good timing and the
ability to negotiate!
Q

2 In each of the extracts below identify which is the correct punctuation mark to use
by colouring in the appropriate bubble. You might need to revise previous units.
a Sam stayed on his knees and crawled down the
eerie (adj.) strange, frightening
hallway It was strange ominous (adj.) threatening, evlt

Eerie The ratty hall runner below him

seemed so normal
OOQ r"a.o orientalpatternO OO
frayed eagesO OO a few crumbs and a dead
An overhead lightbulb was o"O O O filtering pale light down through the
ominous
Michael Grant, Gone, Egmont UK Ltd, 2009

58 PEARSON engllsh 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 I Name Class Due date

b The night was very darkQ O O A damp mist rose from the
dreary (adj.) lifetess,
river and the marshy ground and colourtess, boring
dawdling (v.) moving
spread itself over the dreary fieldsO O O It was piercing
slowly, wasting time
cold too all was gloomy and dimness (n.) a low
leveI of light
black Not a word was spoken for the driver
had grown steepyO O O and Sikes was in no mood to lead him into conversation.
Charles Dickens, OliverTwist, Penguin Books, 1966

c There were people running behind Nick but not and while
they might have been dawdling seconds feforeO O O they were sprinting now. For
moment Nick hoped that everyone had gotten out of the houseO
a
O O Then he saw
movement behind the creature
Garth Nix, Across the Wall: Tales of the Old Kingdom and Elsewhere. Allen and Unwin. 2005

d In your boredom there are elements of you break down into

tears you are fiiled with dread you scream
deliberately hurt yourself And in the grip of terror the worst
stormQ O O you yet feel boredomo O a deep weariness with it all.
Yann Martel, Life of Pi. Canongate Books Ltd, 2002

e He stepped out into the open space His eyes were of little use in this
dimness so he reached out around him with his other senses
his hearing his sense of sme11 and that peculiar sixth sense that he had been
trained to develop and listen toO O O an instinctive awareness of the space around
him and the possible presence of other people in it that had
alerted him so many times in the past to potential danger.
John Flanagan, Ranger's Apprentice: Halt's Peril, Random House Australia, 2009

WH ITEFI 'S TOOLBOX

When you use a semicolon in a sentence, the first letter after the
semicolon must be a lower-case [etter (unless the word that fotlows the
semicolon is a proper noun).

the topics below as inspiration and write your own sentences using colons and

}[usic and sport

59
 b Elephants and ivory

c Mystery and adventure

d Hat and scarf

e Shampoo and conditioner L

f Vacuumanddust

g Courage and cowardice

h Porver and glory

\-l

Spelling practice
4 The words below are commonly misspeit. Find their meanings to improve your
spelling and writing. Use the Look/Say/Cover/Write/Check method for studying
these words.
abhor credible irksome philanthropist semblance
belligerent disapprove mimicry plausible tedious
benefactor expunge obliterate quarrelsome unsociable
chastise introverted obstinate reprove wilful

5 In the above list are ten pairs of synonyms (words that have the same or a similar
meaning). Identify the matching pairs and write them in your notebook.

60 PEARSoN tl.n$iish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

Language explained
Quotation marks, or inverted commas, are used:
. to show a person's exact words; this is called direct speech
. to emphasise specific words in a sentence
. to use a short quote from another person or author in your c,., -
. to enclose the titles of articles, songs, essays, episodes c. :: :
poems, chapters and other parts of books.

Direct speech
fndirectspeech,quotationmarksareusedatthe beginning andthe endofwhateach
person says.
t Punctuation marks, such as commas, full stops, exclamation marks and question marks,
occur inside the quotation marks.
Commas are used to separate the direct quote from the rest of the sentence.
Each new speaker's words go on a new line.
1 'l don't want to go to the gym,' said Farouk. H I NT
2 'tt's cold and dark.'complained Cam. 'lt's always Think of five questions about inverted
commas that can be answered by
so much harder to get up to go and train when the
reading this page. For example:
sun isn't up!'
Question: 'Why are inverted commas
3 'Oh, for goodness'sake,'snapped Matthias, used with direct speech?'
'if you
don't want to make the team. then don't Answer: 'To separate the direct quote
from the rest of the sentence.'
bother training.'
Write down your five questions and
4 Joyce looked at the three of them, sltook her head then quiz a partner to see if they know
and said,'Am lthe only one who doesn't complain the answers.

!|, about exercise?'

ln example 3, the direct quote is interrupted by the identification of the speaker
tsnapped Matthias). This is called a broken quotation and each part of the broken
quotation is enclosed in quotation marks. Note where the commas go: one goes at
the end of the first half of the broken quotation, and the other comma is inserted
cefore the second part of the broken quotation.
l,'/R I TER' S
-'';e quotes 'lt's always... ' (in example 2) and 'Am I TOO L BOX
:ae ,..'(in example 4) are complete sentences and
:-erefore begin with a capital letter.
- example 3, the second part of the broken quotation
",rotl don't...) has a lower case letter as it belongs to
:e first half of the quote. simplify punctuation and,
therefore, single quotation
rrr-ci'r d speech lasts for several paragraphs. marks are mostly used. Check
:Lc:ation marks are put at the beginning of each your newspaper or the novel
:aaraph but only at the end of the final one. you are reading in class to
see what styte is being used.

61
 Emphasising words or phrases H I NT
Quotation marks are used to create emphasis in Thewordproct:-a:.---'
your writing or to signal to the reader that you are word procttse ts . . =': -- .
talking about a particular word or phrase. spelt differentL; :: -: . : " :
different parts or s:==:- -: -
People frequently confuse the words'practice'
write these t\^/o .'. : -ii - : .:
and'practise'. demonstrate the ' .=: = :'. - '

Direct quotes from others

We also use quotation marks when we wish to that we are q --- :
nother person or source.
A famous Aboriginal proverb says, 'We are allvisitors to this time this .D a:a
Our learn, to grovt. ic :,a

in

Encl
Quotation marks a sc-;:
essays, television
One of John Donne's most famous poerns is 'The Good Morrow'.
My favourite tracks on the album would have to be 'Running up that Hill'ans
'Hounds of Love'.

WFI ITEFI 'S TOOLBOX

Direct speech is when we quote the exact words that were spoken:
Cameron said,'lt will be cold at the footy tonight.'
lndirect speech telts us about a conversation that has taken place. lt is
not a direct quote and, therefore, it does not require quotation marks:
Cameron believed thot it would be cold at the footy tonight.

Language in use
1 Turn each sentence into direct speech. Pay close attention to your use of pun
a Megan thought it would be a great idea to take her beanie and her mittens :,:
game

b Joel wondered whether there would be a large crowd there.

c Alicia observed that the game was likely to be a sell-out.

d Rohit decided that they should get there early so that they could get a seat.

62 PEARSON engtish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Ctass Due date

-:: :':- liuation marks should go in each sentence

=:.:.- a: the front of the classroom looked down his nose

r;i --l-.: and announced Ladies and gentlemen we have decided
--: - --:: ::st of the day off school

;i: I't Salmond that this will be your favourite subject by the
LU:
=L

rrlr,s-g:-r:'- vour essays proclaimed Ms Crawford It gives me great

-,: :--l:fce that they are the best pieces I have ever read by a

,r - ..:1*<: 3lsure that you have put your names on your

--"'-.- do you think that these assignments could please be
- :=o:--.- a-nd on time tomorrow requested Mr Oates
.. - l.ls If or,vard
Eaid that they were the best
biro (n.) batlpoint pen
:.i - . j :'-,: she had ever marked
.- queried (v.) asked, questioned
bozo (n.) stupid person
-, : : ::le following piece
work and of hustled moved quickly and
(v.)
--- -
a: =-: ::re. It's due tomorrow and I energetically
mournful (adj.) feeting sad and
: :-ii - :.'- :':'Jate it correctly.' You look at
unhappy
. * : :=- -re to help your friend.

.'.:: -:ie OutsLde thr. rltw rhtnr, brLgLttly and tl4L

'- r','-if t'1' JAng
.i '.: i:ok LLkr. we're ready to roLL
-.,'.-tr??t I've left vwy baak Lwlde
':,-..-., -.".'. WLty wouLLd yau nr-ed a baok
' -
",
-- c j:i sl4e retarted qnd ya,l wver knaw fuW La*g
-'-!ru

"'- ;-,'.r.i,t waLtLvV far Andrea Dad Every tLnt-e we'ro

-
.''..-: :-r^,afs sayLng vtaLt far tl.Lu ar waLt far tl4at
,- : :' !: Ln thL Lar and 9a

,u' ..:,,'.; itt tlne frow seat Dovt't get grwwpy IavL Yaw'LL
.'---'. ,',. evevL set awt
.,'.t: the back rqLd her tl4ankr ta thz fannLly fa,
.':-i carents tl^",t shL was ww ready ta ga
: '-- :..r tWo reverse 51ry. Laoked quLetly tver her
. 'ttl

I've got to go ta tfu. taLlet

vful rwottrvfiil screavw Ml/W

63
 Qumtati*$ marks

Vocabulary builder I TER' S

U/FI
4 When reading dialogue, the repetitive he said, she said TOO LBOX
can become boring for readers. Try using some of the
Use your thesauru: .-
following words instead of said to vary your sentences. atternative words. ': .'.

Pick ten from the list and write an interesting exchange make your writlng
between two characters.

acknowledged bellowed invited retorted

admitted confirmed murmured shouted
affirmed countered posed sighed
answered cried pronounced stated
arliculated declared quizzed testified
barked effused replied uttered
bawled exclaimed requested whispered
begged expounded responded yelled

t a

I.'{ I NT
The vocalverbs in the list in activity 4 are alI designed to express a
feeting or emotion. Can you describe what feeling each one conveys?
For example, barked (onger), bowled (sodness), confirmed (confidence).

64 PEARSON *ng{!*h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 mauo!
Name Cla ss

Language explained tr
Question marks
Question marks are one of the easiestforms of punctuatic^ : -=' ."
rule.ifaquestionisbeingaskedthenthesentenceneedsa:-::
of it to signify to the reader that it is a question. Use quest c- -: . ,

. whenever you ask your reader a question

lf we close the railway line. what will happen to att UE N TEM'5
those kids who depend on it to get to schoal? TOOLBOX
. whenever a character asks a question of another
character (or characters)
t 'What are we going to do during the school holidays?'
asked Jeanette.
i'rn,;oi,Euie ;. repitieid' Jish,. Sh-oa/d'we g o a n d vis it
Nanna?'
. whenever you are unsure about something and want to signal to the reader
that the information needs to be checked.
I think that it was in l BBB (?) that Ned Kelly was hanged at the otd
lvlelbourne Gaol.
An indirect question. or one that is being reported. does not require a question mark.
Teresa asked Chip whether they were going to go the park on the weekenci.
The journalisf asked the Prime Minister about the latest tax cuts.

Exclamation marks
Exclamation marks are used to show the reader that a change in tone is intended
11'the writer. They are generally used to create a sense of urgency or emphasis.
-rey are also useo:

. after interjections; that is, words that convey an emotion

Hooray! Woahoo!
. =1er
short, sharp instructions sarcasm (n.) when a sentence
expresses a feeling that is the
Look out!Watch it! opposite of what the speaker
- :: show the reader that a word, phrase or actua[[y feels (for exampte,
'Hooray, I love being sick.')
is shouted out suddenly, often through irony
=.:ression (n.) when the outcome of
s"-norise, anger or excitement a situation is different to what is

That is the most beautifutsunsetl expected (when, for example, a

traffic policeman has his licence
tlerry Christmas!
suspended for speeding)
Howdy, neighbour!

- E l:Tonstrate sarcasm or irony.

That is the most interesting thing I have heard all day!

65
/.t
 44 ,./
i,# Questiomr/nnd exclaxmation nxmrks

Language-, in use
1 The following conversation was recorded by a journalist who was sitting in a
courtroo',n. Unfortunately, she forgot to insert most of the fuII stops, question marks
and exclamation marks in her transcript. Correct her punctuation, payrng close
attenti,on to the use of question marks and exclamation marks.
!

The Ia 'irryer approached the witness to begin asking

him rquestions about the incident.
'Do you deny that you were at the party when the
theft occurred(-)' she asked.
'No(-) I was there( )'
'What were you doing at the partylj'
'I was an invited guest, like everybody else( )'
_Tell the court, in your own words, what
halpened( )' incident (n.) something that hac:=-.:
'It was quiet and it was dark. We were ail silent. deny(v.)saythatsomethirg : --' --
preposterous (adj.) com ptetety
Wh\.n Rita opened the door, we all yelled, "surprise( )"
ridicutous, sitty, foolish
at ler. That was when I noticed that something was
suspiciously (adv.) thinking th=:
wrong( )' are dishonest or dangerous
'What was
wrongLJ' confession (n.) the a(: :' =- - - ,

something or telti^g:-: ---

'Everything was missing( ) The cake, the candles,
everythingLJ'
'You mean that when the lights were out somebody stole all the food( )'
'YesLj The food( ) The plates(
presents[_) Everything(J'
) The
The judge cleared his throat. He looked sternly through his rimmed glasses-
'Preposterous[_) Nobody could have done that( )'
'I swear,'said Michael, 'it's exactly as I told you(-) Somebody has set me upfu
The lawyer steadied herself. She looked Michael straight in the eye.'Then -,,,':-,- -:
when the police came( ) Isn't it true that, when they arrested you, they found
in your pockets( ) Answer meL-)'
Michael looked suspiciously around the room. 'I have a confession to make( )'k
screamed.'I'm not really a human being( )'

Spelling practice
The suffixes -tion, -sion and -ssion make the shun sound and are some of the -:s
common word endings in English. The most common of these suffixes is -tion, -,-146rlrf!!r,
the base word ends in -de, use -sion instead-for example, implode becomes -.ii:s,3l:

2 Decide what the original form of each of the words Iisted below is. ana
-=:
the meanings of these words and write them in your notebook.
collision conservation information
competition decision proposition
conclusion depression reflection
confusion digression succession

66 PEARSON sn6{}$h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 a

Ctass Due date

lguage explained
@ s- a-guage can be a confusing beast! Sometimes V',H ITER'S
l=u-c :ne same but are spelled differently. They have TOO LBOX
Imrre =:.--C but a very different meaning. These words are There is no rule to
I amraophones. govern these words,
you just have to
rc -es a collection of wine in his cellar, which he bought tearn them and their
=- a'
I!!tr 1e
seller. different meanings.
3 1:,-' speed or you'll hit the kerb!

in use
::,:rect homophone so that aII these sentences make sense.
read/red the newspaper from cover to cover.
3.,-er a weal</week for the plaster to dry on the new waII.
::r't know weather/wether/whetheror not I should go.
z :texy'knewhoodie and some sneakers

-: rsatching the river curuant/curuent, while he was sipping a delicious

wrant/ c u r re nt c ordial drink.
to sea they could see the boy/buoybobbing around, indicating where the
should turn around and return to shore
gtown/groan could be heard from the class when the teacher announced
:- eir homework was to build a weather vain/vane/vein
ere/Their going to be late if they don't hurry up. Honestly what a

:h em that I wanted to visit the naval/navel acaderny two/to/too, but I wasn't

*red/aloud two/to/too go.
Epu are doing history research you must use reliable sauces/sources.

:- e extract and answer the questions on the next page.

Egdmond, I said, nice to meet you, and I look at him hard to try to get a feel for what
- '--:=',^rith my cousins might be like.
=-
-ts--.,,- -:: me tell you what he looks like before I forget because it's not exactly what youd
:::r1 your average fourteen-year-old what with the CIGARETTE and hair that looks like
-: ::imself with a hatchet in the dead of night, but aside from that he's exactiy like some

Exl[:JilI'Jff ;T7#t'.'#ffi :ii#*:il::ffi I'l:.:i::'-"Ti:ffi:TJ

rhar vou're going to take him home? well that's him.
}fili'#;:I:..""0
Meg Rosoff, How I Live Now, Penguin Books, 2004

67
 a A hatchet is:
I a kitchen knife
ll a short-handled axe or tomahawk
Itl a camping implement
lv a German army knife.

b Dignity means:
i a bubbly personality
ii a,way of presenting yourself
iii an appealing personalit5r
iv bearing or character that commands respect.
c What relation is Edmond to the narrator?

d Of what kind of animal does Edmond remind the narrator? e

e There are many homophones in the extract on page 67. Underline ten of them in
the text, and then write them and their homophone(s) on the lines below.

Vocabulary builder H I NT
3 Supp1l- and spell correctly the homophone that forms the You may want to pair up
second half of the pair. The first one has been done for you. and use a dictionary to
complete this task.
a The kernel of a nut;the colonel of a regiment.
b You walk down a,n aisle; another word for island is I
c Aprincipalofaschool; a is a matter of truth, Iaw or morals.
d Thepawsofadog;a in a conversation.
e The army imposes martial law; a is a high-ranking military
officer.
f That tree is a yeq that sheep is a
g To be made is to be manufactured;to be a is to serve.
h Tied to a stake; eating a
i Canvas is a strong cloth used in sailmaking; politicians for
votes.
j If you are standing still you are stationary, you write things down
using

68 PEARSoN *nstish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 3*mnmophsx?.es

Name Class Due date

Building on language
4 Match the homophones on the left with their correct meanings on the right b1-
drawing a line from one to the other.
a ceiling a pointed part or top
b sealing to press and mould with the hands, especially dough
c cheap not busy
d cheep a particular tint or shade of a colour
e hew to peep or peer
f hue a want or necessity
g idle inexpensive
\ h idol a very small opening in a surface, especially the skin, for
absorbing or emitting liquid
i knead to twist and squeeze
j need to cause to flow or stream
k manner to make a faint chirping like young birds
I manor the inside, overhead lining of a room
m peak a statue, picture or image representing a deity and used as
an object of worship
n peek to close so as to be airtight
o pore to cause a bellto sound
p pour how something happens or is done
q ring a large estate
r wring to cut or chop

5 Choose five pairs of homophones from activity 4 and

write a sentence for each pair. For example, for ceiling
H INT
and sealing: After compteting activity 5,
read each ofyour sentences
After the heovy roins, we noticed q leok in the ceiling, out loud to a partner and
which will need seoling. have them try to spelt each
homophone correctly. Then,
swap rotes.

69
 i!

6 Use your dictionary to find out the meaning of the foliowing pairs of homophones.

a discreet

discrete

hoard

horde

shear

sheer

wreak \" I
reek

A
queue

cue

medal

meddle

g sleight

siight

h cite I J

sight

pedal

peddle

wretch

retch

70 PEARSON sngli*h 7 Second Edition Activity Book

s. Name
Class Due date

Language explained

we add
of the word
prefix + base word
pre- +
= new word
(before) +
VICW
(a sight or vision)
= preview
= (a viewing beforehand)

the spelling of the base ,,, c.:

hemisphere (n)
that changes the halfofthe Earth
defect (n.) a
base word suffix = new word
weakness or fault
perfect -ion embodiment (n.)
(faultless or = perfection something that
(result, action) = (a perfect embodiment
without defect) represents an idea
of something) in a visible way
Some suffixes arter the speiling
of the base word. Here are
' Adding the suffixes -ness or -rytoa base
*oro ,rat eno-s
change the spelling s not
willing + -ness = willingness
faithful + -ly = faithfully

happy + ness happiness

busy + ly busily

I time
brave
+
+
-ing
-est
timing
rs added

bravest

cha

care + -free carefree

lf the base word ends in y
and it has a censonant before
then it needs'to ctrange to rn io"rorline the y,
surix is added to it.

lfth,e'tataw**.iAu.erin,*,$
then the speiling does noi crrange
ad.bli,a 1sn'.1ysr:.:, ;

Uetore .Jji"n'" ,rii_

pay+-ment=payment .I:
hIR I TEFI'S
l-'.:r:,r'.l il Ir.,. :...;.........
.:.
The 1-1-1 rule: words that have TOOLBOX
only one syllable and
.! You do not need to
.,s nf 8ir!1:q8i..y,arraref,ia,A.....9
,g.oni.*i;,i;.[e-r,"*r*ir,_r,
ei"r;;;;,*J#",u;ur..;..:,:'..til
double the finat letter
of words that end in
hop + -ing = hopping -x or -w; for example,
+ -en = flatten fixing, flowing.

71
 Language in use
1 Listed below are some of the most common prefixes. Their meanings have been
shuffled. Use your dictionary to match each prefix to its correct meaning using the
answer grid and give two words using this prefix.

Prefix Meaning Words

a anti- 1 too or too much, position
above or across

b de- 2 repetition, return,

movement backwards

c dia- 3 behind or after

d 4
hemi- against, opposite,
opposed to I
e inter- 5 across, beyond

f mis- 5 before

g non- 7 position above or outside,

superiority, extreme,
greater than

h over- I through, across, apart

i post- 9 mistakenly, wrongly

i pre- 10 not, opposite or absence

of something, reversal of
an action or state
\ I
k re- 11 half

I sub- 12 not
m super- 13 opposite of, down,
away, off

n trans- 14 near, under, further

o un- 15 between or among,
mutually

a b c d e f I h I j k I m n o

72 PEARSoN english 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name CIass

2 Listed below are some of the most common suffixes. Tlieil meanings have also been
shuffled. Use your dictionary to match each suJfix to :.ts correct meaning using the
answer grid and give two words using this suffix,

Suffix Meaning Words

a -able 1 belonging to, somewhat, about.
have a tendency towards

b -dom 2 result, act of

c -en 3 act of or state

d -er 4 state or condition

\
e -hood 5 one who does or practises
something

f -ible 6 following some action, acting on

or affecting in a particular way

g -ion 7 person or thing that performs the

action, coming from a particular
area, more of something

h -ish 8 domain, a collection of

people, a general condition

i -ist 9 quality or state of being

j -ity 10 one who, or that which

k -ise 11 state of being

-ment 12 state or condition of ability
or tendency, worthiness

m -ness 13 character, a group with a

particular character

n -ship 14 ability or tendency, worthiness

o -ster 15 appearance, forms the plural
of certain nouns

b c d e t g h I j k I m n o

73
 Vocabulary builder
I Matctr the occupation with the correct field of employment.

Field of employment Occupation occupation (n.) a job requiring

a education chemist speciat training
fietd of emptoyment (n.) an area
b horticulture ergonomist of expertise
c libraries apiarist
d engineering lyricist
e chemistry teacher
f bee-keeping engineer
g bird-keeping horticulturalist
h map-making librarian
i workplace design cartographer \
j songwriting aviarist

4 Use your dictionary to find definitions for these words with the suffix -orium.
a conservatorium

b emporium
c crematorium

d sanatorium

5 What do the words above have in common? What do you think -orium means?

\- J

Spelling practice
6 Write the new word created by using the given prefix and base word. Using a
dictionary, find the meaning of each word and write it next to the word.

a, dia + meter =

b inter + change =
c mis + lead =

d over+ balance =

e un + conscrous =

f trans + formation =

C}
b post + graduate =

74 PEARSON *ngiish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

7 Using the spelling rules for suffixes on page 71, correctly spell the following words.

a nerve + ous =

b cozy + ness =

C COUrage + O1lS =

d wary+Iy=
e get+ing= H I NT
Make a list of any words
f rehearse + aI =
in activity 7 that you do
g not know, so that you
response + ible =
can look them up in a
\ h big+est= dictionary later or ask
your teacher for help.
i mud+y= The base words in this
list are either nouns or
j hot+er= adjectives. What part of
speech do they become
k stop + &go = once their suffix is
added?
I national + Iy =
m lousy + est =

n whale + ing =

o change + able =

8 Make two words from each base word by adding the given suffixes
\ a step (-ed, -ing)

b run (-ing, -er)

c break (-able, -ing)

d big (-er, -est)

e flat (-er, -est)

f hot (-er, -est)

g sin (-er, -ing)

h ship (-ed, -ing)

i red (-er, -ness)

j club (-er, -ing)

75
 Building on language
9 Make as many words as you can with the base words in activity 8 and the suffixes in
the table.

'v -er 'ful -est

Wtrich two words change meaningwhen these suffixes are added?

Write each of these words in a sentence \ 3

10 Which prefix should we use?

prefixes a
commonly, dis- or un-) and

Use your dictionary to work out which is the correct prefix for each of the words
iisted below.

a possible h,R I TER, S

b friendly
TOOLBOX \ I
A common mlstake is to be
c appear confused by when to use
'uninterested' and when to use
d legible 'dlsinterested'. Once you know
the difference in meaning
e known between the two prefixes,
however, it gets easier.
f legal 'Uninterested' means that you
are not interested or are bored,
g modest whereas disinterested' means
that you are impartiator are
h natural not taking sides-tike a judge.

i agree
legibte (adj.) carefutty written,
j responsible easy to read
modest (adj.) not boasting or
k spirited showlng off
spirited (adj.) with lots of energy
I appropriate and enthusiasm

76 PEARSoN sn$iish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 word roots
Name Class Due date

Language explained
For hundreds of years, the Roman Empire was the mightiest on Earth and its language,
Latin. spread across countries in Europe and North Africa. Latin was spoken betrrieen
leaders of the many countries that the Roman armies conquered. Eventually it was also
adopted as the official language of the Roman Catholic Church. Even after the Roman
Empire fell. Latin remained the language in which legal, religious and intellectual ideas
were written. Many English words are drawn from Latin. We refer to these as words r'.'ith
Latin roots.

Language in use
a 1 The Latin word bene means 'well' or'good', Be good and insert the correct bene-
word into each sentence.

benediction benefactor beneficiary benefit benevolent

a A major gave a lot of money to the school so that the librarS'

could be rebuilt.
b There is no great to us in being given the answers to the
questions.
c The bishop delivered the with great reverence before
commencing the meal
d The company's policy is most to its staff.

e When Benedict's uncle died he was named as chief ln

his will.
i
2 Peda\ ped-, pedi-, -ped and -pede are aII derived from the Latin word for 'foot' or
'feet'. Put your best foot forward and insert the correct ped word into the sentences

bipeds expedition pedal pedestrians pedometer

centipede impede pedestal pedicure quadruped

a The has a firm, flattened, segmented body and many pairs of

Iegs

b Burke and Wills led an ill-fated into the Australian outback

c We gave mother a voucher for a for her birthday so that
she could relax.

d A horse is a whereas you and I are classified as

e A bicycle, an organ and even a sewing machine all use the lever known as
a,

77
 $"atin rxrq*rd roots

f The recent changes in the speed limits around schools are designed to protect
the who frequent these areas.
g Sports people often keep track of the number of kilometres they run through
the use of their
\S.u\xr\e,qtr\srlsrrc.ss\\ssq\\qs\u\.uss\.s\\q,\t\us\1ls\srr\\s

i During the Tour de France, police often have to keep pedestrians out of the way
so that they do not the cyclists' progress.
3 Latin root words for numbers have also influenced English; for instance, uni- means
one. Make a Iist of ten words that start with the prefix uni-.

\
4 The prefixes bi- and du-rnean two. F,ind five words that begin with each prefix.

5 Write the meanings for these words beginningwith tri-, meaning three.

a tripod
b trident
c trio
d triennial
e triloglr
6 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Early Latin roots
conquest (n.) invasion and defeat
It would not be unreasonable to imagine that a significant
elite (n.) a group of people who
number of Latin words became established ln Oid English are considered better than others
through the Roman conquest of Briiain in 43 AD, especially turmoil (n.) confusion and
disorder
since the island was under Roman rule for around 400 years
mutual (adj.) that two or more
after that. Although Latin was the official language and that peopte have in common
of the ruling elite, its use could not have been sufficiently
widespread among the ordinary population to ensure its survival. It is Iikely that Latin fell
into disuse not long after the withdrawal of the Roman troops around 410 and was certainly
incapable of surviving the turmoil of the Germanic invasions, which began some 40 years later.
A second source for Latin words, however, was from the Germanic tribes themselves. On the
continent, they had had considerable trading links with the Roman Empire and there had been
a mutual exchange of words through this contact. When the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain
took place, therefore, the language of the conquerors already contained a stock of Latin words.

78 PEARSON snffitlsh 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 'n -,,-.s.i",.-. ,-.,-....-....-.,,.! ,-, --. ,,,. l{,.,..

Name CIa ss

I Th. third and greatest influence of Latin on Old English was the church- From the earliest
I mission in597 to the end of the Old English period over 500 years latel a large number of
] borrowings took place. These were initially to do with church organisation since O1d English did not

I have equivalents of its own to draw upon: abbat, oltar, angel, chalice, deacon,hymn, mass, nun, pope,.
lX prwost, psalm and many more. Also borrowed was a further stock of words relating to monastic life,
; including education and medicine, which then passed::::::::::ffi,:H:
,,y or wo,a orisins, 1ee5

abbot (n.) a man in charge of a monastery, or religious community

attar (n.) a tabte in a church or shrine where offerings are made
angel (n.) a messenger of god, often represented in human form with wings
chalice (n.) a large cup

I deacon (n.) an ordained minister of a church

hymn (n.) a religious song
mass (n.) a retigious service
nun (n.) a member of a religious community of women
pope (n.) the head of the Cathotic Church
provost (n.) a highty ranked church officlal
psatm (n.) a retigious song or poem of praise

a What, according to the authors, are the three sources of Latin words in English?

b Why might Latin not have spread into the language of the 'ordinary folk' during
the Roman occupation?

c What date did the Germanic invasions of Britain begin?

d Why do you think the language of the Church became so important in medieval
life?

fia3- do you thinkwords to do with education and medicine might have found
;;.e.r rray into domestic use?

79
 Vocabulary builder
7 How many words can you can find with these Latin roots?
reg aud annu corp am or ami
(royal/rule) (to hear) (yearly) (body) (to love)

8 The Latin root word cent rr:earrs 'hundred'. IJse your dictionary to find the correct
cent-words to complete the sentences.

aA is a coin worth one-hundredth of a dollar I

b Every gets a message from the Queen on their one
hundredth birthday.
c We are celebrating the of the founding of the RoyalYacht Club

d translates as'hundred-footed' insect.

I The Latin root word dec means 'ten'. Write definitions for the following words.

a decade

b decathlon

c decimal
d decagon
10 Find out why December begins with the root dec-but isn't the tenth month in the a

modern calendar. Write the explanation in your own words.

11 See if you can work out what the root qua refers to in these words.
quart, quarter, quadrangle, quartet, quadrilateral

H I NT
Short words of Angto-Saxon origin are easy to pick up when learning new
vocabulary (for exampte, bock, chew, ddnk) because they often retate to
concrete things. Latin words are harder to learn because their meanings
are often abstract (de facto, audiology, stotus quo). However, learning Latin
words is important because they are used regutarly in academic texts.

80 PEARSON sngl.ish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 ffi
Name Ctass Due date

plained
English has a long and interesting hlstory. English is a vibrant language that evolves
tr
1,..,eveV,,daV.,Sbme of the words that we use now (bad, near,ihrf) hq.ve,ibeen,us,ed,'foi, ,

I'
, mo1e.,than',i,500 11ears; sorne have a fine medieval tradition,trmany,o{,o:ur,,s*earwords, for
instance); while others have changed in meaning over time (going green,for example).
New words such as internet are constantly entering our lexicon-or vocabulary-and old
words such as bowyang are disappearing.
vibrant (adj.) exciting, futl of energy
A short history of English evolve (v.) change or devetop slowty
rBritain was invaded medieva[ (adj.) retating to the Middle
Ages (the era from the fifth century unti[,
tribes included
roughty, the fifteenth century AD)
,ttte,,Sax6nsi;'rtho,An,glgs:ia :',the,Jdtes--Jeima'nl'e,:.
r I dialect (n.) a different form of a language
missionary (n.) a religious person who
travets to an area to teach peopte about
their church
vernacular (n.) everyday speech, casual
language

and claimed
influenced the languaEe
English.

English. The invention

that books could be printed more quickly and education

F 1
7

Language in use
1 Read the extract on page 82 from Geoffrey Chaucer's DiD YOU KNOV'J...
Canterbury Tales, written in Middle English. Many
Geoffrey Cha ucer (1343-1400)
of the words are taken directly from the source is known as the father of
languages of Anglo-Saxon and Norman French. Engtish Iiterature.
Write a modern version of the passage.

81
 ft"ry
gd
& fi worG $rlgrns

Heere bigynneth Chaucers Tale of Thopas.

Listeth, lordes, in good entent,

And I wol telle verrayment

Of myrthe and of solas,

Al of a knyght was fair and gent

In bataille and in tourneyment,

His name was Sire Thopas.

Yborn he was in fer contree,

In Flaundres, al biyonde the see,

At Poperyng in the place;

\
His fader was a man ful free,

And lord he was of that contree,

As it was Goddes grace.

Sir Thopas wax a doghty swayn,

Whit was his face as payndemayn,

Hise lippes rede as rose;

His rode is lyk scarlet in grayn,

a
And I yow telle, in good certayn,
a
a He hadde a semely nose.
a
a
a
a
a He koude hunte at wilde deer,
L I
I
&
s And ride an haukyng for rivet,
$
$
t
With grey goshauk on honde,
*
6 Therto he was a good archeer,
s
&
Of wrastlyng was ther noon his peer,
s
g
Ther any ram shal stonde.
*
*
*
s
6. Geoffrey Chaucer, 'Tale of Thopas', in Canterbury lales, c13B0s

H I NT
This extract is about a knight named SirThopas. lt describes
h is pe rsona lity, cha racte ristics, fa m i [y backgrou nd, what
he looks [lke and his hunting skitts. lt explains that lots of
women dream about marrying him.

82 PEARSON sn$tish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Ctass Due date

Vocabulary builder
Z Complete the crossword puzzle. The answers are all words that have come to us
from the Anglo-Saxon language.

Across
1 frozen raindrops
4 arry ofthe 12 parts
into which the
calendar year is
divided
6 female relative
2 8 a fruit
10 a fitted covering for
the hand
11 the floor of a
fireplace
13 swift or quick
15 at a considerable
distance
16 an open, cleared
area of land used
for farming
18 opposite of white
20 opposite ofbad

Down
I
2 aspontaneous
exlrression of
amusement or joy
3 free from restraint
5 to shed tears
7 close
8 a unit of area
9 rest or repose
12 male partner in a
marriage
14 rapid
spontaneous (adj.)
occurring suddenly and
17 a sweet, baked food
without planning 18 unpleasant or
restraint (n.) keeping disagreeable
something under controI
19 aheavyshoereaching
shed (v.) tet fatt
above the ankle

83
 Spelling practice
I Find the meaning of the following words to help improve your spelling and writing.
They aII come from Norman French and were adopted into English.
abandon court loyal relief
assault forest mutton sue
chancellor friar parliament tonsure
chivalry homage penance tournament
comparison judge receive venison

Building on language
4 Use as many of the words in activity 3 as you can to write a short paragraph
describing an event that took place at the court of William the Conqueror.

5 English constantly changes and adapts as needed. Make a list of words that have
been colned or created to meet the needs of the twenty-first century. Look in
parti.cular at words that relate to new technolog5r and popular culture (such as
music and television) and even at the language of modern warfare.

84 PEARSON Ongllsh 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name C Iass Due date

Language explained ffi

When people speak or write about their professions or areas of interest, they tend to
use the specialist language associated with that topic. This language is often formal
in register and is easily understood by those people who share experience or interest
in the area.

When this language is over-used or is used out of context, or outside the profession
or activity. it becomes confusing and loses meaning. People who don't share the same
interest or profession are often excluded from the topic when this happens. We call this
type of language jargon.

F
I Language in use
1 For each of the following sets of words, decide which field of expertise they belong
to. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

matrix starboard X-ray tempo stars

axiom port bacterium a capella supernova
subtraction admiral gastroenteritis treble orbit
geometry ballast cardiac chords telescope
fraction flotsam renal scales Milky Way
decimal berth vaccinate orchestral black hole

2 Using the words from one of the columns above, write an informative piece that
uses this jargon. You may like to add other appropriate terminology from the area to
flesh out your article.
L

85
 $p*e*al*st language

3 The following sentences contain one or more examples of jargon from different
fields. For each of the sentences, underline the jargon word(s) or phrase(s) and
rewrite the sentence for everyone to understand.
a The prime minister was losing in the polls and alienating the electorate when
he talked about taxes. (politics)
b When the soldier went AWOL, the Military Police had to search for him. (military)
c The bottom line was that the companywas accountable to the CFO for the OH&S
report and the success of the marketing plan. (business)
d The coach announced that the team was taking it one game at a time. (sport)

4 Complete the word find of jargon terms and find the hidden message that is left over.

P H R A S E S P J A R G C o N
E W C A N B R E I W N H C L
U R G o L S I A E R o A R E
X C U o R A L C U o I S N I

T S C T L D C T E R T G G E H
S R P o L o S I H A T U I S o
E R I o M U N T N L E a N T J
A G T C L M C I H N G A I

J A A N K E U o M N C G F B o
P o Z U S S N D R J E B L U

P U o R G L P E I E E S T I

T E R M S N A R D C S T G S D
N E K o P S A N W L A K U H T
N o C I X E L L G K T K E M
R E G I S T E R S S E Z E D
\ \
changing group register tricks
codes language slang words
communicate lexicon spoken written
culture oral technical
develops phrases terminology
established practitioner terms

Taking it further
5 In your notebook, write and draw an advertisement for a new product that uses as
much jargon as you can think of.

86 PEARSoN wr:gtish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Cta ss Due date

Language explained
There is nothing more frustrating for a person who is reading your work than to find that
it is riddled with mistakes. Your good ideas and interesting writing become lost, as the
mistakes distract your reader from the meaning that you are trying to convey. Close
attention to'the process of proofreading, or careful reading to riddted with (v.) futtof
identify and correct errors, can turn an average piece of work into
something that is polished and engaging.
Here are some standard editing marks that you can use to proofread your own or other
people's work. Your teacher might have used these symbots already to mark your writing.

Meaning Annotation in text

) 1
Lft-]' Check your spelling banffis

ksPJ Use capital letters lgLstralia

tr Check your tenses He is {wrotg:6;t book today

I have ofteqlwondereQlwhether I

ffi Check your punctuation

would fly to the moon.

Jabubu packed his bag with:.)

pencilqrpensierasers and his
a & ,.1
{,KiL*/('I Irt lnsert these punctuation marks
calculato$ howevetr;u he left his
dictionary on his deskr

l€m:e-9.".q4h!}a new car today.

lq) Check your grammar
\v-, hove bought/om buying

L nsert new contenUadditional

I
He'sshim over.
word(s) knocked
She had spent the day shopping
Start a new paragraph for presents. //tater that evening
she went dancing.

It was very ye"ry funny to be sitting

/ or{ Delete a letter, word or phrase
in the Examp{ room.

Transpose words to make more

I l#
He! runningiUla_qlaround the block.
SCNSC

U/H ITEH'S TOOLBOX

It is often hetpfutto proofread your work the next day as this allows
you to look at your work with fresh eyes. lt can atso be hetpfut to read
your work aloud so that you can hear moments when the writing
might need tightening. Getting a ctassmate to check your work can
atso hetp to ensure that you have clarity in your writing.

87
 Pre*freadlxrg

1 Your teacher has returned the following piece of writing to you. Explain why they
have used these symbols on your writing.

I was nervous as I enrered -PJff;[f. We had been main/ing for this big a"V@ S
,n.
S months.I was glad that Iffiwearing my space suit-in this *ay,(*ffiwouidbe ffi
$ able to tell how sweaty and nervous I realydQ I waved proudly at thelti6ffiftgggJas ru
a deafening roar went up from them. I scanned the faces looking desperately for@ @

$ family. My fatherGBa proud beaming face; my motherfl.oEt*#larmed but was trying $

{Ed"sperately@be strong.I took a deep breath, gazed lovingly at them one last time and
bravely stepped through the capsule./lfne countdown began.

2 Last night you hurriedly scribbled down a draft of the story that you have to submit
for English. This morning, on the bus to school, you thought to yourself, 'I'd better
edit this so I can type up my final copy when I get to school'. Use your knowledge of
the editing marks to proofread your own work below.

lf tlrer are ane thLwgs guLaravvteed two cqu-.te aw a,rgtwLev,ts Ln atr-r famlly Ltr wathLn1

the dLshet. We rway Ltas qLL ewjoy a lavely mea\ tagetLter, exchaq4tn4 storLes ovor aur

ttza.! znd Laughtng at santtethtn4 silly tl+at has happenzd durtvg the d^y, but tl+e

r,t!+tt that v,neals Ls over Lt Ls wor\d war tl+ree. We fite aver who ILLL cleartng the
\
table. We squabble over who gets to washLng and we over wl,ta battle wLLl have to dry

3 Use your annotations to write up a polished copy of your writing.

88 PEARSON english 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Name Class Due date

The following activities will help you revise some of the things that you learnt in
Units 1-9. lf you are struggling at any stage, go back and check your understanding by
revisiting the Language explained sections of each unit.

1 Your teacher has been so impressed by your knowledge that you have been invited
to teach younger students about nouns. You are to demonstrate the topic by reading
the text below from ?he Princess Bride and answering the questions that follow.
Most of the people there would never forget that day. None of
adored (v.) loved
them, of course, had ever been so close to perfection, and the frankly (adv.) honestly, tetting
great majority adored her instantly. There were, to be sure, the truth
posture (n.) the position of a
some who, while admitting she was pleasing enough, were
7 1 withholding judgment as to her quaiity as a queen. And, of
person's body
erect (adj.) straight, u pright
course, there were some more who were frankly jealous. Very
few of them hated her.
And only three of them were planning to murder her.
Buttercup, naturaliy, knew none of this. She was smiling, and when people wanted lo touch
her gown, well, Iet them, and when they wanted to brush their skin against hers, well, let them
do that too. She had studied hard to do things royally, and she wanted very much to succeed,
so she kept her posture erect and her smiie gentle, and that her death was so close would have
only made her laugh, if someone had told her. But-
the farthest corner of the Great Square-
-in
-in the highest building in the land-
in the deepest shadow-
-deep
man in black stood waiting.
-the
His boots were black and leather. His pants were black and his shirt. His mask was black,
) blacker than raven. But blackest of all were his flashing eyes.
^
Flashing and cruel and deadly ...
William Goldman, The Princess Bnde, Ballantine Books, 1998 (1973)

a Find the two proper nouns in the extract. In your own words, explain why they
are proper nouns and why they begin with a capital letter.

b Look closely at the description of the mysterious man in black and where he is
standing. Find the common nouns and arrange them in alphabetical order.

89
 Retrtm*,elm 3 * Uxr$ts 3*$

2 For each of the sentences below, circle the abstract nouns and underline the
collective nouns.
a The school of fish had swum to freedom.
b Vinh's intelligence had been recognised at school.
c Caroline's confidence had grown and it brought her great happiness.
d Peace had been restored to the pod of dolphins.
e It was time for the crowd of people to go home.

3 How weII do you understand verbs? Read the passage below from James Phelan's
The Last Thirteen: Book 9 and answer the questions that follow.

Outside the room the fire raged.

Sweat ran down Sam's face. He started to hyper-ventilate.
Stoy calm.
Smoke seeped under the door, filling the room with a black haze. Sam returned to the bed
and tore off the bottom of the sheet. He ran to the small basin in the corner of the room and
soaked the cloth, wrapping it around his mouth and nose and tying it behind his head. He
kept lory, frantically searching the bare room for anything that might help him escape.
The bed?
He checked the bedframe and the sturdy legs underneath.
Metal. I could try to break it apart, use port of the metal frome as a crowbar to prise open
the door ...
BANG!
Sam looked at the door. Through the small window he could see a black mask staring at
him through the billowing smoke.
James Phelan, The Last Thirteen: Book 9, Scholastic Australia Books, 2014

a Underline the verbs in the passage.

b For each of the following regular verbs, write its base form (infinitive) and \
present participle in the table.

Base form Present participle Past Past participle

raged [have] raged
seeped [have] seeped
returned [have] returned
checked [have] checked
looked [have] looked

c Circle the irregularverbs in the passage.

4 Select one of the following writing prompts and write a 75-word piece focusing on
adjectives. Underline all of the adjectives in the piece.
In the kitchen ... The picnic spot ... The voyage ...

The wedding ... My bedroom ... The haunted village ...

90 PEARSON engtish 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 Uni
Name Class Due date

will help you revise some

are struggling at any stage,

1 Use your knowledge of personal pronouns to rewrite this paragraph as a more

fluent piece of writing.
Mourad and Malia were rehearsing for their dance competition. Mourad and Malia were
nervous about the competition. Mourad and Malia had been trying on their dance competition
clothes that afternoon. Mourad found that his pants for the dance competition were too tight
and Malia found that her dance competition dress was too loose. Malia and Mourad knew that
if things did not start falling into place then the dance competition would be a disaster.
a ^)

2 Use your knowledge of possessive pronouns to decide which strewn (v.) spread over a

of the options below is conect. surface in an untidy way

a The scarf lay strewn across the floor of Winnie and Alana's bedroom. Both
; Winnie and Alana believed that it was theirs/theres/there's/their's.
^
b When their mother checked the label it was clear that it wa,s her's/here/hers/our,
c 'I don't care if you use my/me/mine/ourtoothbrush; just remember that it is
mi n e/y o ur s/ h i s/ o ur s.'

I Use your knowledge of prepositions to complete the paragraph below.

It took us all by surprise when the cat, which had been sitting sauntered walked stowty
(v.)
and in a relaxed way
the television, climbed the curtain

and leapt the kitchen tabie. As he ran the table, my arms-which

had been resting the table-flew up in horror. My chair, which was

tucked the table, rocked back violently. Mum, who was standing

the table, felt that crazy cat run her and the wall and gave a little yelp.

It was then that we noticed what was outside staring at us. A snarling dog

had sauntered the path and pressed its snout the window

91
 4 One of the most popular novels of all time for teenagers is S. E. Hinton's classic
The Outsiders. Unfortunately, the publisher, who was preparing a new edition of
the text, found that her laptop had been corrupted and that aII of the pronouns and
possessive pronouns had fallen out of the manuscript.

a Insert all the missing pronouns and possessive pronouns in the gaps in the
passage below so that the passage makes sense.
b Underline all the prepositions in the passage.

could have waited to go to the movies until Darry or Sodapop got off work would

-have gone with or driven _ there, or walked along, although Soda just can't sit

still long enough-,to enjoy a movie and _ bore Darry to death. Darry thinks his life is
enough without inspecting other people's. or _ could have gotten one of the gang to
come along, one of the four boys Darry and Soda and _ have grown up with and consider
\
family. almost as close as brothers; when _ grow up in a tight-knit neighborhood

Iike -'re get to know each other real well. If _ had thought about _ courd

- Darry and
have- called would have come by on his way home and picked _ up, or

Two-Bit Mathews-one-of our gang-would have come to get _ in his car if _ had
asked but sometimes just dont use my head. _ drives my brother Darry nuts
when do stuff like - tause I'm supposed to be smart; _ make good grades and
have a-high iQ and everything,
-, but dont use my head. Besid€s,_ like walking.

_ about decided _ didn't -like _ so much, though, when _ spotted that red
Corvair tralling _ was almost two blocks from home then, so _ stafted walking
a little faster. had never been jumped, but had seen Johnny after four Socs got hold

of - wasn't pretty. Johnny was scared

, and - of his own shadow after that. Johnny was \ \
sixteen then...
- -
_ was s\ reating something fierce, although _ was cold. ctammy (adj.) damp, wet
could feel my palms getting clammy and the perspiration

-running down my back. _ get like that when _'m real scared. _ glanced around
for a pop bottle or a stick or something-Steve Randle, Soda's best buddy, had once held off
four guys with a busted pop bottle-but there was nothing.So _ stood there like a bump

on a Iog while surrounded _ don't use my head. _ walked around slowly,

silently, smiling.
-
'Hey, grease,' one said in an over-friendly voice. 're gonna do _ a favor,

greaser. _'re gonna cut all that long greasy hair off.'
S. E. Hinton, The Outsiders, Penguin Books, 1967

92 PEAR5oN engllsh 7 Second Edition Activity Book

 {:

Name Ctass Due date

The following activities will help you revise some of the things that you learnt in
Units 15*23. lf you are struggling at any stage, go back and check your understanding
by revisiting the Language explained sections of each unit.

1 So now you're an editor ...

You knew it was bad when your teacher stormed into the room and threw the pile of
essays onto her desk.
'I've had it!' she said. 'How many times do I have to ask you to check your
punctuation? I am going to hand you someone else's work. I have corrected and
highlighted sixteen punctuation marks in their work and given each one a letter.
You're going to explain each punctuation rule to them in your own words.'
? 1 The sails billowed and ballooned like some old-fashioned petticoats. A lone figure appeared cr
the deck. He was dressed in black, except for a golden sash that was draped across him. A lvi1d,
wooliy beard whipped wildiy in the wind. The (ai piiates cutlass glistened menacingly in the
brooding light. It was clear that (b) hed been at sea for a long time. Mitchell was reminded of
the story he had read as a young boy-(iffieasurelsland
1{dJ'.qho,,}rl'shouted the pirate. 'Dont be {e} arbnid,(f), anyrvhere, young man,'he contlnueci
threateningly.
Mitchell stood still. in the (g) forty. three years that he had been visiting the beach (h) (and
al!:o,f.*re.1tt,Wi,thhjg famlb{ tre had never had an experience quite like this. Cautiously he
looked up have
1o.S.1ie"d,:C$ut! slntoolto see the pirate leaping on the shore.
Mitchell glanced up and down the beach iooking for help. Everywhere he turned al1 he

could see was miles of sand and ocean. Nervously he turned to face the (j) itranger; a man so
alarming that he felt himself weakening at the knees.
. -f 'What do you {$want?'he murmured nervously,
'I want you to be standin still while I ask some 0) .questions,'the pirate barked. 'What is this
place?'
brooding (adj.) dark, evit
'This place?' whispered Mitcheil.'Why you're in Australia.' brandishing (v.) waving a weapon
'Never heard of it!' around in anger
translucent (adj.) colourtess,
It was then that something dawned on (m) Miqchetl;
atmost see-through
something so startling that he couldnt believe that he,(h).$e r11
noticed it before. He felt his jaw drop in surprise as he looked at the foreigner. Why hadnt he
noticed it before? The pirate was (o) transiuceat Mitchell could see right through (p) him!

93
 *r,rrili;r'Ll:,lit"l',t':i .:ii,fr i,.:illfli;i.:iit .l l.r *..;.i.,.i

f
(}
b

h
t

j
k
I
m

o
L
p

2 In the space below, design a poster that explains one of the grammar rules from
units 15-23. Create your poster for someone who is new to your school and who
hasn't had the benefit of Iearning these rules.

94 PEARSoN *ngli*il 7 Second Edition Activitv Book

L
 Name Class Due date

The foltowing activities will help you revise some of the things that you learnt in
Units 24-29. lf you are struggling at any stage, go back and check your understanding
by revisiting the Language explained sections of each unit.

Homophones
1 Write your own definition of a homophone.

2 Circle the version of the word that is correct in the context of the sentence.
a The murder victim had certainly come to a grizzly/grislyend.
1 b Mum and Dad had to be discreet/discrete about smuggling the large present
into the house.
c The diamond earrings weighed half a carrot/carat and they were very beautiful.
d The Master of Ceremonies told the participants that they should come fourth/
forthfrorn behind the curtain once their name had been called.
e The police had to forcibly kerb/curb the surge of the protesters as they
approache d the kerb/curb.
f As the protesters past/passed quickly by it was clear that whatever had
happened was ongoing and not in t}:e passed/past.

Prefixes and suffixes

I Complete the definitions

aA is a group of _ at the beginning of aword that changes

the of the word.

bA ISA of letters at the ofa

that changes the meaning of the word.

4 Use your knowledge of prefixes and suffixes to complete the following exercises.
a The prefix mono- means one. Make a list of five words that begin with this prefix
and provide their definitions.

95
 b Explain the difference between the internet and an intranet.

c In a short paragraph, use as many words as you can with the suffixes pre- and
post-to describe what happens before and after a major sporting event.

d What suffix can be added to each of these verbs to make the verlo into a related \
noun?

enchant parch

argue judge

command amuse
e An ism is a doctrine or belief. List three words that have the suffix -ism and
explain what they mean.

Root words and word origins

L
5 What root word do the following words have in common and what does it mean?

a aster, asterisk, asteroid, astrologlz, astronomy, astronaut

b audible, audio, audiologlr, audition, auditorium, auditory

c capable, capacious, captive, caption, captivate, capture

d dominant, dominate, domination, domineer, dominion, domino, predominant

96 PE,ARSON *r:gii*h 7 Second Edition Activity Book