Solution

TEST

Class 10 - Mathematics
Section A
1. 7

Explanation:
Let the present age of Rehman be x years.

Then,

3 years ago, Rehman's age = (x - 3) years

5 years from now, Rehman's age = (x + 5) years

It is given that

x−3
+
1
=
x+5

1

⇒
x+5+x−3
=
1

(x−3)(x+5)

2x+2
⇒
2
=
1

x +2x−15

⇒ 6x + 6 = x2 + 2x - 15

⇒ x2 - 4x - 21 = 0

⇒ x2 - 7x + 3x - 21 = 0

⇒ x(x - 7) + 3(x - 7) = 0

⇒ x - 7 = 0 or x + 3 = 0

Since age cannot be negative, x ≠ -3

⇒ x = 7

Hence, Rehman's present age is 7 years.

2. 21

Explanation:
Here the length of a rectangular field is three times its breadth and area is equal to 104 metre square.

Let the breadth of a rectangle = x meter

Then, the length of rectangle = 3x meter

Therefore, Area = length × breadth = 147 m2

⇒ 3x(x) = 147

⇒ 3x2 = 147

⇒ x2 = 49

−−
⇒ x = √49 ⇒ x = ±7

⇒ x = 7 [Because, breadth cannot be negative]

Therefore, breadth of rectangle = 7m

and length of rectangle = 3(7) m = 21m.

3. 0

Explanation:
(k + 1)x2 + 2(k + 1)x + 1 = 0

has equal roots if D = 0

i.e b2 = 4ac

Here, a = (k + 1), b = 2(k + 1), c = 1

or, 4(k + 1)2 = 4(k + 1)

k2 + 2k + 1 = k + 1

k2 + 2k + 1 - k - 1 = 0

k2 + k = 0

k(k + 1) = 0

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 k = 0, -1

Since k = -1 does not satisfy the equation

⇒ k = 0

4. 12

Explanation:
Let the natural number be x.

Then, its square will be x2

According to given information, we have

x + x2 = 156

⇒ x2 + x - 156 = 0

⇒ x2 + 13x - 12x - 156 = 0

⇒ x(x + 13) - 12(x + 13) = 0

⇒ x + 13 = 0 or x - 12 = 0

⇒ x = -13 or x = 12

Since x is a natural number, x ≠ -13.

Hence, the required natural number is 12.

5. 6

Explanation:
kx(x − 2) + 6 = 0

⇒ kx2 − 2kx + 6 = 0

Comparing quadratic equation kx2 − 2kx + 6 = 0 with general form ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get a = k, b = -2k and c = 6

Discriminant = b2 − 4ac = (−2k)2 - 4(k)(6) = 4k2 − 24k

We know that two roots of quadratic equation are equal only if discriminant is equal to zero.

Putting discriminant equal to zero

4k2−24k =0

⇒ 4k(k − 6) ⇒ k = 0, 6

The basic definition of quadratic equation says that quadratic equation is the equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0

Therefore, in equation kx2 − 2kx + 6 = 0, we cannot have k = 0.

Therefore, we discard k = 0.

Hence the answer is k = 6.

Section B
6. We have,

6
x- x
= 3

⇒ x2 - 6 = 3x

⇒ x2 - 3x - 6 = 0

It is in the form of ax + bx + c = 0

Hence, given equation is quadratic equation.

7. We have,

x−2
+ =
2

x−1

6

(x−1)+2(x−2) 6
⇒
(x−2)(x−1)
=
x

3x−5
⇒
2
=
6

x −3x+2

⇒ 3x2 - 5x = 6x2 - 18x + 12

⇒ 3x2 - 13x + 12 = 0

⇒ 3x2 - 9x - 4x + 12 = 0

⇒ 3x(x - 3) - 4(x - 3) = 0

⇒ (x - 3)(3x - 4) = 0

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 ⇒ x - 3 = 0 or 3x - 4 = 0

⇒ x = 3 or x =
4

Hence , the roots of given quadratic equation are 3 and 4

3
.
8. Let the speed of the train be x km/hr.
We know that,time =
distance

speed

So, Time taken to cover 180 km with speed x km/hr = 180

x
hours.

Now, Time taken to cover 180 km when the speed is increased by 9 km/hr = 180

x+9
hours

According to the question ;

180 180
∴ − = 1

x x+9
180x+1620−180x
⇒
2
= 1

x +9x

⇒ 1620 = x2 + 9x
⇒ x2 + 9x - 1620 = 0

⇒ x2 + 45x - 36x - 1620

⇒ x(x + 45) - 36(x + 45) = 0

⇒ x = -45 or x = 36

Since the speed cannot be negative, x ≠ -45

⇒ x = 36

Thus, the speed of the train is 36 km/hr.

9. Let the numbers be x and 15 - x.

According to question,

3
1

x
+ =
1

15−x

10
15−x+x 3
⇒
x(15−x)
=
10

15 3
⇒
x(15−x)
=
10

⇒150 = 3x(15 − x)

⇒ 150 = 45x − 3x
2

2
⇒ 150 = 3(15x − x )

⇒ x2 - 15x + 50 = 0

⇒ x2 - 10x - 5x + 50 = 0

⇒ x(x - 10) - 5(x -10) = 0

⇒ (x - 10)(x - 5) = 0

⇒ x - 10 = 0 or, x - 5 = 0

⇒ x = 10 or, x = 5

Therefore, the two numbers are 10 and 5

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