ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.

Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Sliding gate

WORKSHEET: P3B
Sliding gate with: Alarm system, Annual and Weekly Timer.

Objetive:

The objective of this PLC programming practice in Logo is to design a control system for an entry gate that ensures the
safety of the people who use it while maximizing its efficiency and performance. To ensure people's safety, a visual and
audible warning signal (Q3) will be issued before the gate closes, and time restrictions will be established for opening
from the outside (Monday to Friday from 9 am to 5 pm and Saturdays from 9 am to 1 pm, except non-working holidays).
The exit push button (I2) will always function. The control system for the entry gate will maximize the safety and
efficiency of the gate, allowing it to be opened from the outside using a key/card magnetic push button (I1) or from the
inside using a common push button (I2). A warning signal will be issued before the gate closes, and a motor failure
detection system will be implemented to ensure people's safety.

Development of the practice:

► Upon receiving the closing order, the sliding gate will emit a visual and audible warning signal (Q3) prior to closing,
flashing at a rate of 500ms per second for 5 seconds before the gate is activated, and then pulsing every 250ms with a
duration of 250ms during the closing time.
► The opening signal (I1) from outside the premises will only be enabled from Monday to Friday from 9am to 5pm and
Saturdays from 9am to 1pm, except for the 5 non-working holidays in Uruguay (01/01, 01/05, 18/07, 25/08, and 25/12).
The exit push button (I2) will always function.
► The thermal relay of the motor (I6) will be indicated by an acoustic signal (Q4), sounding for 2 seconds every 500ms,
in addition to the warning "MOTOR FAILURE" flashing in red on the screen, preventing its operation.

*Diagram and scheme of the system, as well as any graphic representation that helps to understand the proposed test.

Img. Nro 1 Electrical Diagram Contactor. Img. Nro 2 Simulation Model.

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 03/04/2023 Page 1

ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1

Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Sliding gate

Logical Equation

Ladder diagram - Img Nro 3 Block diagram - Img. Nro 4

Img. Nro 5 Ladder Diagram for Alarm with Normally Open (NO) Relay.

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 03/04/2023 P ag e 2

ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1

Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Sliding gate

Control Electrical Circuit- Img Nro 6 Power Electrical Circuit - Img. Nro 7

The Phase-Time Diagram- Img. Nro 8

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 03/04/2023 P ag e 3

ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1

Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Sliding gate

Calculations and justifications for the sizing of elements.

The sizing of components in an automation and control system involves calculating and selecting the appropriate
components to ensure safe and efficient operation. In this case, there are different inputs and outputs, and an initial
algorithm that establishes the system's behavior.

Firstly, it is necessary to analyze the available inputs and their operation. The external opening pushbutton (I1) and the
internal opening/closing pushbutton (I2) are normally open (NO), meaning that the signal is activated when the button is
pressed. The collision/emergency pushbutton (I3) is also NO and is used to stop the gate's operation in case of an
emergency. The open NO limit switch (I4) and the closed NC limit switch (I5) are used to detect the gate's position and
ensure that it stops in the correct position. The NC thermal relay (I6) is activated in case of motor overheating.

Additionally, there is the NC stop pushbutton (I7), which is used to stop the gate's operation at any time. Regarding the
outputs, the opening contactor (Q1) and the closing contactor (Q2) are used to control the gate's motor, while the
acoustic closing warning signal (Q3) and the motor failure warning signal (Q4) are used to indicate the system's status.

Based on this information, it is possible to perform the necessary calculations to size the elements of the system. For
example, the appropriate contactor for the gate motor must be selected, considering the required current and the
operating frequency. Additionally, it is necessary to determine the type and size of the cables that will be used to ensure
the system's safety and reliability.

Explanation of how each part is executed: assembly, tests, measurements, etc.

The execution of an electrical engineering project consists of several stages, including assembly, testing, and
measurements. First, assembly is the phase in which the physical installation of electrical components, such as cables,
transformers, contactors, and protective devices, is carried out. During assembly, safety standards and regulations must
be strictly followed to ensure the physical and electrical integrity of the equipment.

Once assembly is completed, testing is performed. Testing is electrical testing carried out to ensure the proper
functioning of electrical components and systems. These tests include measurements of resistance, current, and
voltage, among others, and are performed with specialized measuring equipment, such as multimeters, oscilloscopes,
and network analyzers. Testing is essential to ensure the quality and safety of the electrical system and, therefore, must
be performed meticulously.

After testing, measurements are taken to determine the performance of the electrical system under real operating
conditions. Measurements include the measurement of active, reactive, and apparent power, system efficiency, voltage
drop, and harmonic distortion. These measurements are important to identify any issues or deficiencies in the system
and to optimize its performance.

In the final stage of the project, the electrical system is commissioned. During commissioning, the proper functioning of
the system is checked, and any necessary adjustments and calibrations are made to ensure optimal performance of the
electrical system.

In conclusion, the execution of an electrical engineering project requires careful planning, meticulous assembly, rigorous
testing, precise measurements, and effective commissioning. All of these steps are necessary to ensure the quality and
safety of the electrical system and to comply with applicable safety standards and regulations. Additionally, the proper
execution of these stages ensures the long-term reliability and optimal performance of the electrical system.

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 03/04/2023 P ag e 4

ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1

Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Sliding gate

Record

►CONTROL CIRCUIT:
24V PLC.

In projects involving the programming of programmable logic controllers (PLC), precise measurement and value
recording are of vital importance. PLCs are electronic devices used in industrial automation to control processes and
machinery, and one of their main functions is to measure and monitor variables such as temperature, pressure, flow,
and other critical factors for the production process. Therefore, the recording of measurements and values is essential
to ensure that the system operates correctly, as well as to detect problems and make precise adjustments. Some of the
benefits of recording measurements and values in PLC project assemblies include:

Precise control and monitoring of the process: Recording measurements and values allows for precise control of the
process and constant monitoring of critical variables. This is fundamental to ensure that the system is operating within
optimal parameters and to detect any deviation that may affect the quality of the final product.

Quick problem identification: If a deviation in the measured values is detected, the precise recording of data can help
quickly identify the problem. This allows for a faster and more efficient solution, minimizing production downtime and
reducing repair costs.

Informed decision-making: Collecting and recording accurate data throughout the production process provides valuable
information for informed decision-making. The data can help identify trends and patterns that can improve system
performance and reduce production costs.Compliance with standards and regulations: In many cases, recording
measurements and values is a regulatory requirement to comply with quality and safety standards. The lack of accurate
records can result in sanctions or fines, as well as reputation issues for the company.

Datasheets and/or characteristics of the elements used.

♦ INPUTS
►I1 - S1 - Normally Open Exterior Opening Pushbutton - Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►I2 - S2 - Normally Open Interior Opening/Closing Pushbutton - Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►I3 - S3 - Normally Open Collision/Emergency Pushbutton - Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►I4 - FCA - Normally Open End of Travel Limit Switch - Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►I5 - FCC - Normally Closed End of Travel Limit Switch - Activated = 0; Deactivated = 1
►I6 - R1 - Normally Closed Thermal Relay - Activated = 0; Deactivated = 1
►I7 - S4 - Normally Closed Stop Pushbutton - Activated = 0; Deactivated = 1

♦ OUTPUTS
►Q1 - KM1 - Activates Opening Contactor - Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►Q2 - KM2 - Activates Closing Contactor - Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►Q3 - KM3 - Acoustic Signal for Gate Closing Warning - Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►Q4 - KM4 - Acoustic Signal for Motor Failure - Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0

♦ INITIAL ALGORITHM
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 i6 i7 T1
Q1 = 1 X 0 0 0 1 1
Q1 = X 1 0 0 0 1 1
Q2 = 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
Q2 = 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1

Days configured:
Business day = ( 1/2 - 5/1 ) + ( 2/5 - 18/7) + ( 19/7 - 25/8) + ( 26/8 - 25/12) + ( 26/12 - 01/01)

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 03/04/2023 P ag e 5

ELECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1

Lab 3 - Practices Topic: Sliding gate

Conclusions and Observations

Automation is an increasingly important topic in the industry as it allows for process optimization, cost reduction, and
product quality improvement. In this regard, the use of signals, limit switches, pushbuttons, and the configuration of
usage schedules are key elements to achieve efficient automation.

A project that includes these elements is capable of improving the efficiency and safety of a process. For instance, the
implementation of signals allows for informing operators about the process state, which results in better decision-making
and reduced errors. On the other hand, the use of limit switches and pushbuttons allows for controlling the movement of
machinery, avoiding accidents, and enhancing workplace safety.

The configuration of usage schedules is also an important tool in automation, as it allows for defining the moments
when a particular process or machine can be accessed. This is especially useful in companies that work in shifts or
have specific working hours, as it prevents the improper use of machinery and controls access to the workplace.

To carry out these types of developments, it is important to have the proper tools, and one of the most outstanding
options currently available is Siemens' Logo 8. This device allows for the programming and control of automation
processes in a simple and efficient way, enabling the connection of analog and digital signals and the use of different
types of sensors and actuators.

Moreover, Logo 8 has a user-friendly programming interface that enables engineers and maintenance technicians to
develop control programs without the need for advanced programming skills. This makes the implementation of
automation projects more accessible and cost-effective for companies of different sizes and sectors.

In summary, automation through the use of signals, limit switches, pushbuttons, and the configuration of usage
schedules is essential to improve the efficiency and safety of processes and machinery. The use of tools such as
Siemens' Logo 8 enables efficient and straightforward implementation of these projects, benefiting companies of
different sizes and sectors. In an increasingly competitive and demanding world, automation is a fundamental tool to
stay at the forefront and ensure process efficiency and quality.

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 03/04/2023 P ag e 6