● The motion of a projectile can be broken down into two components: horizontal motion and

vertical motion. The horizontal motion is constant, while the vertical motion is affected by
gravity.
● A projectile is an object that is given an initial velocity and is then acted upon solely by
gravitational force.
● The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory.

● The shape of the trajectory of a projectile is parabolic. This means that the projectile follows a
curved path that is widest at the beginning and end, and narrowest at the highest point.
● Gravitational force enables objects to fall to the ground.

● If a baseball is thrown straight up, its vertical velocity will be zero at the highest point, because
it has stopped moving in the vertical direction and is about to start falling back down due to
gravity.
● the acceleration of a baseball thrown into the air at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the
horizontal as it returns to the ground is -9.8 m/s2. This is the acceleration due to gravity, which
is constant near the earth's surface.
● The horizontal velocity of an object remains the same as it travels through the air, assuming
there is no external force acting upon it.
● The vertical velocity of an object remains the same as it travels through the air, assuming there
is no external force acting upon it.
● If a stone is horizontally launched at a certain height, its vertical velocity will gradually decrease

● A stone is just released from the window of a train moving along a horizontal straight track. The
stone will hit the ground following: PARABOLIC PATH
● A bullet is dropped from the same height when another bullet is fired horizontally. How will the
two bullets reach the ground? SIMULTANEOUSLY
● A bomb is dropped from an airplane moving horizontally at a constant speed. When air
resistance is taken into consideration, the bomb falls to earth behind the airplane
● A particle moves in a plane with constant acceleration in a direction from the initial velocity. The
path of the particle will be a parabola
● A projectile is launched at an angle of 300 above the horizontal. Neglecting air resistance, what
are the projectile’s horizontal and vertical accelerations when it reaches its maximum height?
The horizontal acceleration is zero and the vertical acceleration is -9.81 m/s2.
● A ball is thrown at angle of 380 with respect to the horizontal. What happens to the magnitude
of the ball’s vertical velocity during the time interval that the ball is in the air? It decreases, then
increases.
● A baseball player throws a ball horizontally (at an angle of 0o). Which statement best describes
the ball’s motion after it is thrown? (Neglect air resistance) Its vertical speed increases, and its
horizontal speed remains the same.
● A stand holds two white balls, A and B. At the same instant, ball A is dropped straight down, and
ball B is shot straight out. Which ball will hit the ground first? Both balls will not reach the
ground.
● Earth's surface. During its flight, the plane drops a package from its luggage compartment.
Where will the luggage land with respect to the plane? below the plane
● What factor(s) affect(s) how far a projectile will land? Both angle and initial velocity

● An object which is moving at a constant speed has momentum.

● Two objects of different masses are moving at the same speed; the larger object will have the
greater momentum.
● A less massive object can have more momentum that a more massive object.

● Two different objects are moving at the same speed. The larger object is difficult to stop.

● An object with varying speed will have varying momentum.

● Objects involved in collisions encounter impulses.

● Impulse is the force needed to produce a change in the body’s momentum through a
combination of changes in its mass and/or velocity
● An object which experiences a net impulse will experience a momentum change.

● In a collision, the impulse experienced by an object is equal to its momentum change.

● Two cars with the same mass collided but having different velocity. Car B travels faster than Car
A. Therefore, Car A has lesser momentum change than Car B.
● Two objects collide. Object A has greater mass and velocity while Object B has smaller mass and
velocity. In this case, Object A has greater change of momentum or impulse.
● Which of the following statements describes momentum? it is the product off body’s mass and
velocity
● Two billiard balls approach each other at equal speed. If they collide in a perfectly elastic
collision, what would be their velocities after collision? same in magnitude but opposite in
direction
● What is the unit for momentum? kg-m/s

● What word can best describe the total momentum in an isolated system? conserved

● What is the unit of velocity? m/s

Two 0.5 kg balls approach each other with the same speed of 2.0 m/s.

● What is the total momentum of the system before collision? 0.50 KG-M/S

● If there is no external force acting on the system, what is the total momentum of the system
after collision? Calculate the momentum of a car, which has a mass of 1000 kg and moves with a
velocity of 2 m/s. 0.50 KG-M/S
● The total momentum of two objects before collision is 175 kg. m/s. What will be their total
momentum after collision? 50 KG-M/S
● What does the law of conservation of mechanical energy state? Potential energy is always
equal to kinetic energy
● Why would a system have less energy than it originally started with? The energy was lost as
heat.
● Which best describes potential energy? Stored energy

● Which of the following happens to the energy of a coconut that falls freely? Loses potential and
gains kinetic energy.
● The wind-up toy that is fully wound and at rest possesses potential but no kinetic

● What is the energy of a motorcycle moving slowly at the top of a hill? both Kinetic and Potential

● Which of the following statements is true? The principle of the conservation of mechanical
energy states that the total mechanical energy in a system remains constant as long as the
only forces acting are conservative forces.
● The total mechanical energy of the object at the highest point compared to its total mechanical
energy at the lowest point is equal
● What is mechanical energy? is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of an object.

● Which of the following are two types of Mechanical Energy? (ME) Kinetic and Potential Energy

● Which of the following happens to raindrops? Loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy.

● What is the energy of a motorcycle driven down a hill? both kinetic and potential

● Which event illustrates the direct transformation of potential to kinetic energy? The wide-open
spring door closes slowly.
● A runner jumps over a hurdle. Neglecting friction, the potential energy of the runner at the
highest point compared to his kinetic energy at the lowest point is greater.
● The total mechanical energy of a yoyo is constant, if only conservative forces act.

● In the figure, kinetic energy is being converted into potential energy from point 2 to point 3

● In the figure, potential energy is being converted into kinetic energy from point 1 to point 2

● As the car moves from point 1, to point 2, and finally to point 3, the total energy of the car stays
the same, but is converted between potential and kinetic energy
● A bag drops some distance and gains 90 J of kinetic energy. How much gravitational potential
energy did the bag lose? exactly 90 J
● If the total mechanical energy is 50, determine the potential energy if the kinetic

● energy is 30 J. = 20 J