Conversion... Units And... Derived Units-1

Lesson
5-4 Length in the Metric System
KEY Concept VOCABULARY
The metric system is used throughout the world. It is based on metric system
a measurement system
powers of ten. The most commonly used units are millimeters,
based on powers of 10
centimeters, meters, and kilometers. The base unit of length in that includes units such
the metric system is the meter . as meter, gram, and liter
meter
Unit Abbreviation Number of Meters
a base unit in the metric
millimeter mm 0.001 m ÷ system for measuring
centimeter cm 0.01 m length
decimeter dm 0.1 m length

a measurement of the
meter m 1m distance between two
dekameter dkm 10 m points
hectometer hm 100 m
kilometer km 1,000 m ×
To convert between units, multiply or divide by powers of ten.
When converting from bigger to smaller units, multiply.
When converting from smaller to larger units, divide.
A centimeter is one unit smaller than a decimeter.

5.0 dm = __ cm
1 dm = 10 cm
5
Multiplying by 10
km hm dkm m dm cm mm moves the decimal
point 1 place to
5 0
the right.
5 · 10 = 50 cm
A kilometer is two units larger than a dekameter.

5.0 dkm = __ km
5 1 km = 100 dkm
Dividing by 100
km hm dkm m dm cm mm
moves the decimal
0 0 5 point 2 places to
the left.
5 ÷ 102 = 5 ÷ 100 = 0.05 km
Properties of melts
Matter Space 7
may
length
1
man
Liquids
Capacity
volume 7
Eat
Example 1 YOUR TURN!
Convert. 8.2 m = ____ mm Convert. 1.3 km = ____ cm
1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or a 1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or a
larger unit? larger unit?
smaller
2. Do you multiply or divide? 2. Do you multiply or divide?
multiply
3. How many units are you converting? 3. How many units are you converting?
three
4. Use 103. 4. Use .
8.2 · 103 = 1.3 10 =
8.2 · 1,000 = 8,200 1.3 =
8.2 m = 8,200 mm 1.3 km =
Convert. 613.5 mm =____ dkm Convert. 2,234 m = ____ km
1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or 1. Are you converting to a smaller unit
a larger unit? or a larger unit?
larger
2. Do you multiply or divide? 2. Do you multiply or divide?

divide
four
4. Use 104. 4. Use .

613.5 ÷ 104 = 2,234 10 =
613.5 ÷ 10,000 = 0.06135 2,234 =
613.5 mm = 0.06135 dkm 2,234 m =

Guided Practice
Convert each measurement.
1 650 mm = ____ dm 2 280,900 cm = ____ dkm
A decimeter is units A dekameter is units

than a millimeter. than a centimeter.
650 10 = 280,900 10 =
3 3,467 km = ____ m 4 7,431 m = ____ dm
A meter is units A decimeter is unit

than a kilometer. than a meter.
3,467 10 = 7,431 10 =
Step by Step Practice
5 Convert. 80,743 dm = ____ km
Step 1 Are you converting to a smaller unit or a larger unit?
Step 2 Do you multiply or divide?
Step 3 How many units are you converting?
Step 4 Use .
80,743 10 = 80,743 =
Step 5 80,743 dm =

6 10.75 km = ____ hm 7 405 dm = ____ hm
by 10 . by 10 .
10.75 10 = 405 10 =
8 14.4 m = ____ mm 9 325 hm = ____ m
14.4 10 = 325 10 =
10 6.5 dm = ____ km 11 742 mm = ____ cm
6.5 10 = 742 10 =
Step by Step Problem-Solving Practice

Solve.
12 SWIMMING Reece swims 50 meters in a swim meet. How
many hectometers did she swim?
Hectometers are units than meters.
by 10 .
The decimal moves place(s) to the .
Check off each step.
Understand: I underlined key words.
Plan: To solve the problem, I will .
Solve: The answer is .
Check: I checked my answer by .
Skills, Concepts, and Problem Solving

13 45 dm = mm 14 925 dm = hm
15 5,487 m = cm 16 36,725 mm = dkm
17 79 km = hm 18 489 dkm = dm
19 631 mm = m 20 568,734 dm = km
Solve.
21 RUNNING Emma ran 11 laps around the track during practice
one day. How many kilometers did Emma run during practice?
1 lap = 400m
22 SCHOOL SUPPLIES Ethan has new pencils that are each 140 mm
long. How long is each pencil in centimeters?
23 DRIVING Garrett drove 62 kilometers to see his grandmother. How

many dekameters did he drive?
Vocabulary Check Write the vocabulary word that completes each sentence.
24 The is the base unit for measuring length in the metric system.
25 The distance between two points is called the .
26 The measuring system based on powers of 10 is the .
27 Write in your own words how to convert between metric

units. Do you think it is easier to convert in the metric
system or the customary system? Explain your answer.
Chapter
5 Progress Check 2 (Lessons 5-3 and 5-4)

1 80 oz = lb 2 2T= lb
3 1.5 lbs = oz 4 1T = oz
5 5,000 cm = m 6 2 km = dkm
7 10 m = cm 8 150 mm = hm
9 200 dkm = cm 10 2,500 mm = m
Solve.
11 ANIMALS In a report on giraffes, Sumintra wrote that one
animal weighed 1.5. She didn’t write down the units. What
unit would be appropriate for the weight of a giraffe? How
many pounds does the giraffe weigh?
12 DISTANCE Aisha lives 2.5 km from her friend Jason. When she
walks to his house, how many meters does she have to walk?
13 MODEL CARS Jacob and Carlos had a contest to see how far their
model cars would go on one wind up. Jacob’s car went 1.6 m.
Carlos’ car went 145 cm. Whose car went farther? By how much?
genius PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Units, Dimensions and Measurement 1
Notes and exercises

by
Pradeep Kshetrapal
genius PHYSICS
1.1 Physical Quantity.

A quantity which can be measured and by which various physical happenings can be explained and
expressed in form of laws is called a physical quantity. For example length, mass, time, force etc.
On the other hand various happenings in life e.g., happiness, sorrow etc. are not physical quantities
because these can not be measured.
Measurement is necessary to determine magnitude of a physical quantity, to compare two similar
physical quantities and to prove physical laws or equations.
A physical quantity is represented completely by its magnitude and unit. For example, 10 metre means
a length which is ten times the unit of length 1 kg. Here 10 represents the numerical value of the given
quantity and metre represents the unit of quantity under consideration. Thus in expressing a physical
quantity we choose a unit and then find that how many times that unit is contained in the given physical
quantity, i.e.
Physical quantity (Q) = Magnitude × Unit = n × u
Where, n represents the numerical value and u represents the unit. Thus while expressing definite
amount of physical quantity, it is clear that as the unit(u) changes, the magnitude(n) will also change but
product ‘nu’ will remain same.
1
i.e. n u = constant, or n1u1 n2u 2 constant ; n
u
i.e. magnitude of a physical quantity and units are inversely proportional to each other .Larger the
unit, smaller will be the magnitude.
1.2 Types of Physical Quantity.
(1) Ratio (numerical value only) : When a physical quantity is a ratio of two similar quantities, it has
no unit.
e.g. Relative density = Density of object/Density of water at 4oC
Refractive index = Velocity of light in air/Velocity of light in medium
Strain = Change in dimension/Original dimension
Note : Angle is exceptional physical quantity, which though is a ratio of two similar physical
quantities (angle = arc / radius) but still requires a unit (degrees or radians) to specify it along with
its numerical value.
(2) Scalar (Magnitude only) : These quantities do not have any direction e.g. Length, time, work,
energy etc.
Magnitude of a physical quantity can be negative. In that case negative sign indicates that the
numerical value of the quantity under consideration is negative. It does not specify the direction.
Scalar quantities can be added or subtracted with the help of following ordinary laws of addition or
subtraction.
(3) Vector (magnitude and direction) : e.g. displacement, velocity, acceleration, force etc.
Vector physical quantities can be added or subtracted according to vector laws of addition. These laws
7
are different from laws of ordinary addition.

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genius PHYSICS
Note : There are certain physical quantities which behave neither as scalar nor as vector. For
example, moment of inertia is not a vector as by changing the sense of rotation its value is
not changed. It is also not a scalar as it has different values in different directions (i.e. about
different axes). Such physical quantities are called Tensors.
1.3 Fundamental and Derived Quantities.
(1) Fundamental quantities : A few physical quantities which are independent of all other quantities
and do not require the help of any other physical quantity for their definition, These quantities are also
called fundamental or base quantities.
(2) Derived quantities : All other physical quantities can be derived by suitable multiplication or
division of different powers of fundamental quantities. These are therefore called derived quantities.
If length is defined as a fundamental quantity

Area and volume are derived from length
and are expressed in term of length with power 2 and 3 over the term of length.
1.4 Fundamental and Derived Units.
System of units : A complete set of units, both fundamental and derived for all kinds of physical
quantities is called system of units. The common systems are given below –
(1) CGS system : The system is also called Gaussian system of units. In it length, mass and time have
been chosen as the fundamental quantities .
corresponding fundamental units are centimetre (cm), gram (g) and second (s) respectively.
(2) MKS system : The system is also called Giorgi system. In this system also length, mass and time
have been taken as fundamental quantities,
corresponding fundamental units are metre, kilogram and second.
(3) FPS system : In this system foot, pound and second are used respectively for measurements of
length, mass and time. In this system force is a derived quantity with unit poundal.
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(4) S. I. system : It is known as International system of units, and is infact extended system of units
applied to whole physics. There are seven fundamental quantities in this system. These quantities and their
units are given in the following table
Quantity Name of Unit Symbol
Length metre m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric Current ampere A
Temperature Kelvin K
Amount of Substance mole mol
Luminous Intensity candela cd
Besides the above seven fundamental units two supplementary units are also defined –
Radian (rad) for plane angle and Steradian (sr) for solid angle.
Note : Apart from fundamental and derived units we also use very frequently practical units.
These may be fundamental or derived units
e.g., light year is a practical unit (fundamental) of distance while horse power is a practical unit
(derived) of power.
Practical units may or may not belong to a system but can be expressed in any system of units
e.g., 1 mile = 1.6 km = 1.6 × 103 m.
1.5 S.I. Prefixes.
In physics we have to deal from very small (micro) to very large (macro) magnitudes as one side we
talk about the atom while on the other side of universe, e.g., the mass of an electron is 9.1 10–31 kg while
that of the sun is 2 1030 kg. To express such large or small magnitudes simultaneously we use the
following prefixes :
Power of 10 Prefix Symbol
1018 exa E
1015 peta P
1012 tera T
109 giga G
106 mega M
103 kilo k
102 hecto h
101 deca da
10–1 deci d
10–1 centi c
10–3 milli m
9
10–6 micro
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10–9 nano n
10–12 pico p
10–15 femto f
10–18 atto a
/ from very small (micro) to very large (macro) magnitudes

1.7 Practical Units.
(1) Length :
(i) 1 fermi = 1 fm = 10–15 m
(ii) 1 X-ray unit = 1XU = 10–13 m
Micro
(iii) 1 angstrom = 1Å = 10–10 m= 10–8 cm = 10–7 mm = 0.1 mm
(iv) 1 micron = m = 10–6 m
(v) 1 astronomical unit = 1 A.U. = 1. 49 1011 m 1.5 1011 m 108 km
(vi) 1 Light year = 1 ly = 9.46 1015 m Macro
(vii) 1 Parsec = 1pc = 3.26 light year
(2) Mass :
(i) Chandra Shekhar unit : 1 CSU = 1.4 times the mass of sun = 2.8 1030 kg
(ii) Metric tonne : 1 Metric tonne = 1000 kg
(iii) Quintal : 1 Quintal = 100 kg
(iv) Atomic mass unit (amu) : amu = 1.67 10–27 kg mass of proton or neutron is of the order of 1 amu
(3) Time :
(i) Year : It is the time taken by earth to complete 1 revolution around the sun in its orbit.
(ii) Lunar month : It is the time taken by moon to complete 1 revolution around the earth in its orbit.
1 L.M. = 27.3 days
(iii) Solar day : It is the time taken by earth to complete one rotation about its axis with respect to sun.
10
Since this time varies from day to day, average solar day is calculated by taking average of the duration of all
the days in a year and this is called Average Solar day.
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genius PHYSICS
1 Solar year = 365.25 average solar day

1
or average solar day the part of solar year
365 .25
(iv) Sedrial day : It is the time taken by earth to complete one rotation about its axis with respect to a
distant star.
1 Solar year = 366.25 Sedrial day = 365.25 average solar day
Thus 1 Sedrial day is less than 1 solar day.
(v) Shake : It is an obsolete and practical unit of time.
1 Shake = 10– 8 sec
1.8 Dimensions of a Physical Quantity.
When a derived quantity is expressed in terms of fundamental quantities, it is written as a product of
different powers of the fundamental quantities. The powers to which fundamental quantities must be raised
in order to express the given physical quantity are called its dimensions.
To make it more clear, consider the physical quantity force
mass velocity mass length/time
Force = mass × acceleration = mass × length × (time)–2 .... (i)
time time
Thus, the dimensions of force are 1 in mass, 1 in length and – 2 in time.
Here the physical quantity that is expressed in terms of the base quantities is enclosed in square
brackets to indicate that the equation is among the dimensions and not among the magnitudes.
Thus equation (i) can be written as [force] = [MLT–2].
Such an expression for a physical quantity in terms of the fundamental quantities is called the
dimensional equation. If we consider only the R.H.S. of the equation, the expression is termed as
dimensional formula.
Thus, dimensional formula for force is, [MLT – 2].
1.9 Important Dimensions of Complete Physics.
Mechanics
S. N. Quantity Unit Dimension
(1) Velocity or speed (v) m/s [M0L1T –1]
(2) Acceleration (a) m/s2 [M0LT –2]
(3) Momentum (P) kg-m/s [M1L1T –1]
(4) Impulse (I) Newton-sec or kg-m/s [M1L1T –1]
(5) Force (F) Newton [M1L1T –2]
(6) Pressure (P) Pascal [M1L–1T –2]
(7) Kinetic energy (EK) Joule [M1L2T –2]
(8) Power (P) Watt or Joule/s [M1L2T –3]
(9) Density (d) kg/m3 [M1L– 3T 0]
(10) Angular displacement ( ) Radian (rad.) [M0L0T 0]
(11) Angular velocity ( ) Radian/sec [M0L0T – 1]
11
(12) Angular acceleration ( ) Radian/sec2 [M0L0T – 2]

(13) Moment of inertia (I) kg-m2 [M1L2T0]
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(14) Torque ( ) Newton-meter [M1L2T –2]
(15) Angular momentum (L) Joule-sec [M1L2T –1]
(16) Force constant or spring constant (k) Newton/m [M1L0T –2]
(17) Gravitational constant (G) N-m2/kg2 [M–1L3T – 2]
(18) Intensity of gravitational field (Eg) N/kg [M0L1T – 2]
(19) Gravitational potential (Vg) Joule/kg [M0L2T – 2]
(20) Surface tension (T) N/m or Joule/m2 [M1L0T – 2]
(21) Velocity gradient (Vg) Second–1 [M0L0T – 1]
(22) Coefficient of viscosity ( ) kg/m-s [M1L– 1T – 1]
(23) Stress N/m2 [M1L– 1T – 2]
(24) Strain No unit [M0L0T 0]
(25) Modulus of elasticity (E) N/m2 [M1L– 1T – 2]
(26) Poisson Ratio ( ) No unit [M0L0T 0]
(27) Time period (T) Second [M0L0T1]
(28) Frequency (n) Hz [M0L0T –1]
Heat
(1) Temperature (T) Kelvin [M0L0T0 1]
(2) Heat (Q) Joule [ML2T– 2]

(3) Specific Heat (c) Joule/kg-K [M0L2T– 2 –1]
(4) Thermal capacity Joule/K [M1L2T – 2 –1]
(5) Latent heat (L) Joule/kg [M0L2T – 2]

(6) Gas constant (R) Joule/mol-K [M1L2T– 2 – 1]
(7) Boltzmann constant (k) Joule/K [M1L2T– 2 – 1]
(8) Coefficient of thermal conductivity (K) Joule/m-s-K [M1L1T– 3 – 1]
(9) Stefan's constant ( ) Watt/m2-K4 [M1L0T– 3 – 4]
(10) Wien's constant (b) Meter-K [M0L1To 1]

(11) Planck's constant (h) Joule-s [M1L2T–1]
(12) Coefficient of Linear Expansion ( ) Kelvin–1 [M0L0T0 –1]
(13) Mechanical eq. of Heat (J) Joule/Calorie [M0L0T0]

(14) Vander wall’s constant (a) Newton-m4 [ML5T– 2]
(15) Vander wall’s constant (b) m3 [M0L3T0]
Electricity

(1) Electric charge (q) Coulomb [M0L0T1A1]
(2) Electric current (I) Ampere [M0L0T0A1]
12
(3) Capacitance (C) Coulomb/volt or Farad [M–1L– 2T4A2]

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(4) Electric potential (V) Joule/coulomb M1L2T–3A–1

5-5 Capacity in the Metric
System
The base unit of capacity in the metric system is the liter . capacity
the amount of dry or
Unit Symbol Number of Liters liquid material a container
can hold
milliliter mL 0.001 L ÷
liter
centiliter cL 0.01 L a base metric unit for
deciliter dL 0.1 L measuring capacity
liter L 1L metric system

a measurement system
dekaliter dkL 10 L that includes units such
hectoliter hL 100 L as meter, gram, and liter
kiloliter kL 1,000 L ×
To convert between units, multiply or divide by powers of ten.

When converting from bigger to smaller units, multiply.
A milliliter is one unit smaller than a centiliter.

3.0 cL = __ mL
3 1 cL = 10 cL
Multiplying by 10
kL hL dkL L dL cL mL moves the decimal
3 0 point 1 place to
the right.
3 · 10 = 30 mL
A hectoliter is three units larger than a deciliter.

7.0 dL = __ hL
7 1 hL = 1,000 dL
kL hL dkL L dL cL mL Dividing by 1,000
moves the decimal
0 0 0 7 point 3 places to
the left.
7 ÷ 103 = 7 ÷ 1,000 = 0.007 hL
The most commonly used units are liter and milliliter. The steps for
converting between units of capacity are the same as the steps for
converting between units of length. GO ON
Convert. 3.62 kL = ____ L Convert. 61 L = ____ mL
1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or 1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or
a larger unit? smaller
a larger unit?
2. Do you multiply or divide? multiply 2. Do you multiply or divide?
three
4. Use 103. 4. Use .

3.62 · 103 = 3.62 · 1,000 61 10 = 61
= 3,620 =
3.62 kL = 3,620 L 61 L =
Convert. 5,813 cL = ____ kL Convert. 360 mL = ____ dkL
a larger unit? larger
a larger unit?
2. Do you multiply or divide? divide 2. Do you multiply or divide?
five
4. Use 105. 4. Use .
5,813 ÷ 105 = 5,813 ÷ 100,000 360 10 = 360
= 0.05813 =
5,813 cL = 0.05813 kL 360 mL =
Guided Practice
1 437 hL = ____ cL 2 175 dkL = ____ L
A centiliter is unit(s) A liter is unit(s)

than a hectoliter. than a dekaliter.
437 10 = 175 10 =
3 Convert. 7,450 cL = ____ hL
Step 4 Use . 10 = 7,450 =
Step 5 7,450 cL =

4 384 mL = ____ dL 5 24,500 dL = ____ kL
by 10 . by 10 .
384 10 = 24,500 10 =

Solve.
6 SOCCER Camille’s soccer team drinks 18 liters of a sports
drink during a game. How many milliliters of sports drink
does the team drink during a game?
Milliliters are unit(s) than liters.
by 10 .
The decimal moves place(s) to the .
Check: I checked my answer by . GO ON

7 175 kL = dkL 8 321 L = mL
9 9.62 cL = hL 10 86 hL = L
11 5,000 kL = L 12 4 mL = cL
13 76,500 dkL = cL 14 6 hL = mL
Solve.
15 TRUCKING Brock is a truck driver. He used 2,500 liters
of gas on his last trip. How many kiloliters of gas did he use?
16 MEDICINE One dose of a children’s medicine is 5 mL. How

many centiliters are in one dose?
17 SWIMMING A school swimming pool holds 375,000 liters of water.

How many millimeters of water does it hold?
18 A(n) is the base metric unit for measuring capacity.
19 is the amount of dry or liquid material that a

container can hold.
20 The measuring system that includes milliliters, liters, and kiloliters
is the .
21 Compare and contrast the units of liter and meter.

Lesson
5-6 Mass in the Metric System
Mass in the metric system is measured using the following gram

a base metric unit for
units. The base unit of mass in the metric system is the gram .
measuring mass
Unit Symbol Number of Meters mass
milligram mg 0.001 g ÷ the amount of matter

in an object
centigram cg 0.01 g metric system
decigram dg 0.1 g a measurement system
that includes units such
gram g 1g
as meter, gram, and liter
dekagram dkg 10 g
hectogram hg 100 g
kilogram kg 1,000 g ×
To convert between units, multiply or divide by
powers of ten.
When converting from bigger to smaller units, multiply. . .
A gram is one unit smaller than a dekagram.
8.0 dkg = __ g
1 dkg = 10 g
8
Multiplying by 10
kg hg dkg g dg cg mg moves the decimal
8 0 point 1 place to
the right.
8 · 10 = 80 g
A decigram is two units larger than a milligram.

2.0 mg = __ dg
1 dg = 100 mg
2
Dividing by 100
kg hg dkg g dg cg mg moves the decimal
0 0 2 point 2 places to
the left.
2 ÷ 102 = 2 ÷ 100 = 0.02 dg
The most commonly used units for mass are the milligram, gram,
and kilogram.
Convert. 1.7 kg = ____ cg Convert. 5,662 g = ____ mg
a larger unit? smaller
a larger unit?
2. Do you multiply or divide? multiply 2. Do you multiply or divide?
five
4. Use 105. 4. Use .
1.7 · 105 = 5,662 10 =
1.7 · 100,000 = 170,000 5,662 =
1.7 kg = 170,000 cg 5,662 g =
Convert. 483 cg = ____ dkg Convert. 3,601.4 mg = ____ g
a larger unit? larger
a larger unit?
2. Do you multiply or divide? divide 2. Do you multiply or divide?
three
4. Use 103. 4. Use .
483 ÷ 103 = 3,601.4 10 =
483 ÷ 1,000 = 0.483 3,601.4 =
483 cg = 0.483 dkg 3,6014 mg =
Guided Practice
1 4,324 cg = ____ g 2 6.8 dkg = ____ hg
A gram is units A hectogram is unit

than a centigram. than a dekagram.
4,324 10 = 6.8 10 =
3 Convert. 345,000 g = ____ kg
Step 4 Use .
345,000 10 = 345,000 =
Step 5 345,000 g =

4 640 cg = ____ dkg 5 3.4 dkg = ____ dg
by 10 . by 10 .
640 10 = 3.4 10 =

Solve.
6 HEALTH A bottle of vitamins has 250 tablets. Each
tablet has 200 mg of Vitamin C in it. How many grams of
Vitamin C are in one bottle?
Find the total number of milligrams in the bottle.
200 mg · =
Convert milligrams to grams. ÷ =

7 36 dkg = g 8 2.5 kg = mg
9 431 g = cg 10 5,320,000 mg = dkg
11 600 cg = g 12 4,945 dkg = kg
13 689 g = mg 14 9.25 hg = kg
Solve.
15 MASS Peter’s mass is 20.4 kilograms. What is Peter’s mass in grams?
16 ANIMALS The following table lists the mass of Pet Mass

three pets. Which pet has the least mass?
Ferret 20 hectograms
Guinea pig 700 grams
Cat 250 dekagram
17 FOOD Jackson buys a bag of pretzels that has
a mass of 680 grams. What is the mass of the
bag in centigrams?
18 The amount of matter in an object is the of the object.
19 Gram, milligram, and hectogram are all measures of mass in the
20 How can a measure of mass in the metric system give a

more precise measurement than a measure of weight in
the customary system?
Lesson
5-7 Perimeter and Area
The perimeter is the sum of lengths of the sides of a polygon . area

the number of square
Since opposite sides of a rectangle are equal in length, the
units needed to cover
formula P = 2ℓ + 2w can also be used to find the perimeter a surface
of a rectangle. w=6
perimeter
P=7+7+6+6 the sum of the lengths
= 26 units of the sides of a polygon
polygon
or a closed plane figure with
P = 2ℓ + 2w straight sides
= 2(7) + 2(6)
= 26 units
!=7
To find the area of a polygon, you can count the number
of square units on the inside. The rectangle above contains
42 square units.
Some polygons have special formulas to find the area.
Object Area
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Triangle A=
_1 bh h
2
b
Rectangle w
A = ℓw
!
h
Parallelogram A = bh
b
b1
Trapezoid A=
_1 h(b + b2) h
2 1
b2
When using the formulas, first substitute for any variable. Then GO ON
follow the order of operations to simplify the expression.
Lesson 5-7 Perimeter and Area 177
Find the perimeter. Find the perimeter.
3 in. 2 in. 15 cm 15 cm
3 in. 15 cm 15 cm
1. Add the length of each side. 1. Add the length of each side.
3+3+2
2. P = 8 in. 2. P =
Find the area. 4 mm Find the area.
5 mm 6 ft
10 ft
6 mm
1 Identify the shape. 1. Identify the shape.

trapezoid
2. Write the formula for the area. 2. Write the formula for the area.
1 _
A = h(b1 + b2)
2
3. Name the value for each variable. 3. Name the value for each variable.
h = 5, b1 = 4, b2 = 6
4. Substitute the values into the formula. 4. Substitute the values into the formula.
1 _
A = (5)(4 + 6) A= ( )
2
1 _
5. Simplify. A = · 5(10) = 25 mm2 5. Simplify. A = ( )=
2
Guided Practice
Find the perimeter of each figure.
1 13 m 2 8 cm
6m 5 cm 6 cm
21 cm
P= + + + = P= =
3 Find the area of the figure. 3 in.
Step 1 Identify the shape. 10 in.
Step 2 Write the formula for the area.
Step 3 Name the value for each variable.
Step 4 Substitute the values into the formula.
Step 5 Simplify. A= ( )=
Find the area of each figure.

4 4 ft 5
8 mm
3 ft 5 ft
16 mm
8 ft
The figure is a . The figure is a .

1 h(b + b )
A = __ A=
2 1 2
A= A=

Solve.
6 ART PROJECT Brianne has to make a collage for art class on
a poster board that has dimensions 16 inches by 22 inches.
Because Brianne has to use the whole board, what is the total
area she needs to cover with her collage?
The board is a .
A=

-To convert between units of area,
multiply or divide by squares of
powers of ten
When converting from bigger to smaller units,
multiply.
When converting from smaller to larger

units, divide.
To convert between units of volume,
multiply or divide by cube of powers of ten
When converting from bigger to smaller units, multiply. . .
Relation between Volume
and
Capacity
1ml equal to ?????Cm3
1 ml = 1 g
Relation between volume and capacity

Measuring Density
What is density
1
How to measure density
2
Measuring matter in different systems 3
4
Find the perimeter and the area of each figure.
7 8
28 cm
9 ft 11 cm 15 cm
21 cm
11 ft
9 18 in. 10 7m
4m
10 in. 8 in. 10 in.
15 m
6 in.
Solve.
11 TENNIS A rectangular tennis court is 78 ft long and 36 ft wide.
What is the area of the tennis court?
12 FLAGS Sonja makes nylon flags of different shapes and sizes. One
of her customers wants a flag in the shape shown to the right. How
12 cm
much nylon will Sonja need for this flag? 18 cm
13 A closed plane figure is called a(n) .
14 The is the sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon.
15 is the number of square units needed to cover a surface.
16 Kirk knows the area of a rectangle and the length of one

side of the rectangle. Does he have enough information to
find the perimeter? Explain.
Chapter
5 Progress Check 3 (Lessons 5-5, 5-6, and 5-7)

1 300 cL = L 2 6,000 mg = g
3 4 kL = liters 4 16 hL = cL
5 12 g = kg 6 11 hg = g
7 150 kg = dg 8 19 dL = hL
Find the perimeter and the area of each figure.

9 10 16 ft
15 m
5 ft 3 ft 5 ft
8 ft
25 m
11 12 85 yd
13 yd
30 in. 32 in.
84 yd
36 in.
Solve.
13 GROCERIES Mehlia bought 6,804 g of fruit at the grocery.
How many kilograms of fruit did she buy?
14 HEALTH Doctors recommend that adults drink about 1,900 mL

of water every day. About how many liters of water should an
adult drink per day?
15 SCIENCE In an experiment, Reina measured 145 mL of

hydrochloric acid. How many liters did she have?
Chapter
5 Chapter Test
1 1 km = hm 2 1 kg =10 3 1 kL =10
1 hm = dkm 1 hg = 10 1 hL = dkL
1 dkm = m 1 dkg = 10 1 = 10
1m= dm 1 g = 10 1 L = 10
1 dm = cm 1 dg = 10 1 dL = cL
1 cm = mm 1 cg = 10 1 = 10 mL
4 15 dkL = mL 5 4,120 g = kg
kL hL dkL L dL cL mL kg hg dkg g dg cg mg
6 192 in. = ft 7 1.7 km = cm
8 1,200 c = gal 9 4T= oz
10 16 c = fl oz 11 5 mi = ft
12 72 oz = lb 13 6.7 g = mg
14 800 L = cL 15 328 mm = m
Find the perimeter and area of each figure.
16 52 ft 52 ft 17
10 ft
18 in.
48 ft
26 in.
18 19 2 yd
60 cm 71 cm
5 yd 4 yd
80 cm
8 yd
Solve.
20 TRAVEL Karina’s family drove from Niagara Falls to Toronto,
Canada. The distance was 133.23 km. How far was it from
Niagra Falls to Toronto in centimeters?
21 SWIMMING There are 8,358,000 liters of water in Jerald’s

pool. How many kiloliters of water are in the pool?
22 LANDSCAPING Tyrell created a rectangular flower bed that was

12 ft long and 8 ft wide. One bag of mulch covers 3 square feet.
How many bags of mulch did Tyrell need for his flower bed?
Correct the mistake.

23 Melina found the area of the figure shown to be 32.9 m2.
2.8 m 3.5 m
Determine what mistake Melina made and find the correct area.
9.4 m
multiple unit
Y of gravy
submultiple
These unitsare
Y uns grave
used to measurement
base units C 0
sub
multiples These unity are used to measure
length
Metricsystem
The m e t r i c s y s t e m is used throughout
the world.
It is based on powers of ten
multiple
Sk Bo
wait
Which are the basic units in the metric system?
MAGNITUDE BASIC UNIT SYMBOL
LENGTH metre m
MASS gram g
CAPACITY litre L
VOLUME cube metre m3
SURFACE square metre m2
Note: you can write meter or metre, liter or litre; it depends if it is American or British English.
Work in groups to find objects you can measure with these units:
a) metre: a table, _________________________________________
b) gram: sugar pot, ____________________________________________
c) litre: oil, _______________________________________________

d) cube metre: a swimming pool, __________________________________
e) square metre: a room, ___________________________________________
For multiples and submultiples we use prefixes that multiply or divide the basic unit by
powers of 10
Meanings of metric prefixes:
Kilo- 1000 = 103
Hecto- 100 = 102 Multiples

Deca- or (deka-) 10 = 101
Basic unit
Deci- 0,1 = 10–1

Submultiples
Centi- 0,01 = 10–2
Milli- 0,001 = 10–3

1. LENGTH Measurements of 1 dimension
How long is your pencil? Measure it using a ruler from one end to another.
It is about 12 cm long.
Length is a measure of how long or wide something is.
For example: the bed is 1,90 m long and 80 cm wide.

What’s the perimeter of the bed? We have to add twice the length plus twice the width:
Length 1,90 x 2 = 3,80 m Width 80 x 2 = 160 cm
To add length plus width we must change the amounts to the same units: m or cm
3,80 m = 380 cm + 160 cm = 540 cm or 160 cm = 1,60 m + 3,80 = 5,40 m
The basic unit of length is the metre. Multiples and submultiples are:
Kilometre Hectometre Decametre metre decimetre centimetre millimetre

1km= 1 hm = 1 dam= 1dm=0,1m 1cm= 1mm=
1000m 100m 10m 0,01m 0,001m
MultIples Submultiples
How many dm, cm and mm are in one metre? 1 m = 10 dm, 100 dm and 1000 mm
Exercise:
1.Choose the most appropriate unit – km, m, cm, mm – to measure:
a) a pen b) a stamp c) a building d) the distance from London to Oxford e) an eraser
2. Choose the most reasonable measurement:
1. Width of your hand a) 95 mm b) 9,5 dm c) 95 cm
2. Height of an adult a) 163 mm b) 1.63 m c) 1630 cm
3. Length of a pair of scissors a) 20 cm b) 2000 mm c) 2 m
1.2 CONVERTION OF METRIC UNITS

Metric system is based on multiples of ten.
To change from one unit to another, we must multiply or divide by ten.
1.2 CONVERTION OF METRIC UNITS
Metric system is based on multiples of ten.
To change from one unit to another, we must multiply or divide by

ten
To change LARGER UNITS TO SMALLER UNITS, multiply by 10 for every

place moved to the right.
To change SMALLER UNITS TO LARGER UNITS, divide by 10 for

every place moved to the left.
1. LENGTH
Measurements of 1 dimension
To change LARGER UNITS TO SMALLER UNITS, multiply by 10 for every place
moved to the right.
To change SMALLER UNITS TO LARGER UNITS, divide by 10 for every place moved
to the left.
For example change 50 cm to mm. 50 x 10 (1 place to the right) = 500 mm.
cm (larger) mm (smaller)
700dm to m 70 : 100 (2 places to the left) = 0,7 m
dm (smaller) m (larger)
Exercise:
Complete: a) 1,2 km =_______m b) 4 m = _____ cm c) 25 cm = ______m
d) 0,5 dm= _______mm e) 2 dam = _____km f) 1550 mm = _____________hm
1.3 PRACTICES of Length

EXERCISE 1 Drawing dictation (materials needed: a ruler)
To the whole class: ask them to draw lines or figures using rulers. Give them five minutes
Example: A)draw a line of 4,5 cm B) Draw a line of 30mm C) draw a line of 1,5dm
D) Draw a tree of 40 mm tall E) Draw an envelope of 5cm of length and 35mm width
Correct in class checking in groups or at the blackboard.
GAME: Students propose similar dictations in groups or to the whole class as a BINGO.
EXERCISES 2 How tall are you? (materials needed: ruler and tape measure)
Divide the class in groups of 4 or 5 students. Who is the tallest of the group? Who is the
smallest of the group? Use a tape measure and show your answers with a drawing.
In my group the tallest is David. He is 1,56 m tall and the shortest is Lucas. He is
1,35 m tall.
Lucas 1,35 m tall
David
1,56 m tall
Express the measurements in dm, cm, mm.
2. MASS
Investigate how heavy an elephant, an ant, a cow…are.,
What units of mass do we use to express their weight? Tons, kilograms, grams
Mass is a measurement of how heavy something is.
The basic unit of mass in the metric system is gram (g).

Units of mass. Multiples and submultiples are:
Kilogram Hectogram Decagram gram decigram centigram milligram

1kg= 1 hg = 1 dag = 1dg = 0,1g 1cg = 1mg=
1000g 100g 10g 0,01g 0,001g
Multiples Submultiples
To measure mass we can use scales (metric balance).
Examples: - A dictionary has a mass of about 1 kg
- A paper clip has a mass of about 1 g - A grain of salt has a mass of about 1 mg
- The mass of heavy things is expressed in tons (t) 1 ton = 1000 kg
We use also “quintal” (q) for 100 kg. Search on Internet other units of mass in Spain: like
arroba, fanega…
Exercise: Choose one of these units (g, mg, kg, t) to express the mass of:
a) a bag of potatoes b) a box of cereal c) a feather d) a hamster e) a lorry
To convert one unit to another proceed as in length: count the number of places and
multiply or divide by powers of 10.
Example: 150g to kg there are 3 places to the left, so divide by 1000 150:1000= 0,150kg
150g to mg there are 3 places to the right, so multiply by 1000 150 x 1000 = 150 000 mg
Exercise: compare, write <, =, or > a) 754 kg _____754 000g b)876 hg____8.96 kg
c) 280 000 mg____ 28 g d) 1845hg ____18,45 kg e) 0,0001 g ____10 mg

Propose similar exercises to your teams and correct them together.
Complete this converting unit table:
kg hg dag g dg cg mg
0,854 kg 0,854 8,54 85,4 854 8540 85400 854000
324,54 g
910 dag
2t
2.1 PRACTICES of Mass

EXERCISE 1 Body mass index (materials needed: bathroom scales and tape measure)
weight
To calculate the body mass index we use this formula:
height 2
Use a bathroom scale to measure your weight and a tape measure to measure your height,
then divide the weight by the square of your height.
47 47
Paula weight 47 kg = = 20,346 20,35
1,52 2 2,31
Height 1,52 m to know more visit:
http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/bmi-m.htm
EXERCISE 2 How heavy is…? (materials needed: scales)

Divide the class in groups and ask students to measure the weight of school materials and
their lunch. They have to choose 5 items and then change them to different mass units.
Item g kg mg hg
Math book
School bag
Sandwich
Biscuits
2. MASS
Investigate how heavy an elephant, an ant, a cow…are.
What units of mass do we use to express their weight? Tons, kilograms, grams
Mass is a measurement of how heavy something is.
The basic unit of mass in the metric system is gram (g).

Metric units of mass are related to each other in the same way that
place-value positions within the decimal system of numeration are
related.
The mass of heavy things is expressed in tons (t)
1 ton = 1000 kg. We use also quintal (q) for 100 kg.
3. CAPACITY
It’s the amount of liquid a container can hold. (Also volume) We should drink 2
litres of water per day. If we have glasses of ml. How many glasses will we
fill?
2 litres = 2000 ml 2000 : 200 = 10 glasses of water.
To measure how much a container can hold we use the units of capacity
Example: The water in a swimming pool is measured in kilolitres.
A tall thermos holds about 1 L. 20 drops of water equals 1 mL To

measure capacity we can use a measuring cylinder or a beaker.
Practise to measure little things as jewellery or very light things like a feather, medicines,
spices… with a special scale: precision balance or scale.
3. CAPACITY
It’s the amount of liquid a container can hold. (Also volume)
We should drink 2 litres of water per day. If we have glasses of 200
ml. How many glasses will we fill?
2 litres = 2000 ml 2000 : 200 = 10 glasses of water.
To measure how much a container can hold we use the units of capacity:
Example: a carton holds 1 litre of milk: it has the capacity of 1 litre.

The litre is the basic unit of capacity in the metric system. It represents
what a cube of 1 dm of side can hold. So 1 dm3= 1 L
Units of capacity. Multiples and submultiples are:
Kilolitre Hectolitre Decalitre Litre decilitre centilitre millilitre

1kL= 1 hL = 1 daL= L 1dL = 1cL = 1mL=
1000L 100L 10L 0,1L 0,01L 0,001L
Example: The water in a swimming pool is measured in kilolitres.

A tall thermos holds about 1 L. 20 drops of water equals 1 mL
To measure capacity we can use a measuring cylinder or a beaker.
Give more examples of measurements of capacity.
To convert one unit to another: count the number of places and multiply or divide by
powers of 10.
Covert 2 L to KL = 3 places to the left Divide by 10 raised to 3 2 : 103 = 0,002 kL
Example 5L = 0,005kL = 0,05 hL = 0,5 daL = 50 dL = 500cL = 5000 mL

Exercise:
1. Convert these units: a) 8,2 kL to L b) 65,4 mL to L c) 45 daL to mL
2. Express in litres the following measurements:
a) 3 daL, 6 L and 2 dL b) 7hL, 2 L and 8 mL c) 3 kL, 20cL and 300 mL
2.1 PRACTICES of Capacity
EXERCISE 1 Finding the volume of irregularly shaped object. Displacement
method. Investigate how Archimedes discovered this method.
1. Pour water into a beaker. Read the water level. 50 mL
2. Drop a stone into the water. Read the new water level. 65mL
3. Subtract 65 – 50 = 15 mL is the volume of the stone.

EXERCISE 2 Liquid products
Bring to the class labels of different liquid products, for example: empty bottles of
medicines, cleaning products, cans of drinks, cartons of milk or juice, yogurt…
How much liquid can they hold? Express it in different units and show on a table.
Item L kL mL cL
A bottle of bleach
A bottle of shampoo
A can of coke
A brick of juice
EXERCISE 3 Problems in daily life.

2
1. I have 36 containers of 15 L of olive oil to sell to the market. are full and I pour the
3
rest in bottles of 1 L to s. How many bottles of 1 L will I have?
2. How many glasses of 330 mL do we need to fill a bottle of 2 L?
3. From one orange I get 5 cL of juice. How many oranges will I need for
one litre of juice?
4. For a party I bought 5 cans of 33 cL of coke, 2 bottles of 2 litres of lemonade and 10

cartons of 125 mL of juice. How much liquid did I buy?
1 1 2
5. The recipe for a cocktail says: of orange juice, of lemon juice, of pineapple
8 10 3
juice and the rest of water. If I want to prepare 1 litre, how much of each juice will I use?
Solve them in groups and invent similar ones to your class group.
4. VOLUME Measurements of 3 dimensions 10 X 10 X 10 = 1000
Generally,volume is measurement of solids.In a 3 D shape or
solid shape, the volume is how much space something occupies.
We use a cube as a measurement unit.
The basic unit of volume in the metric system is the cube metre, and it is the space
that takes a cube of 1 m of side: 1 m3
Units of volume. Multiples and submultiples are:
Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic

Decametre metre decimetre centimetre
Kilometre Hectometre millimetre
3 3 3
1 dam = 1dm = 1cm = 0,000
1km3= 1 hm3 = m3 1mm3=
1000 m3 0,001m3
001 m3
1000 000 1000 000 0,0000
000 m3 000
m3 001m3
To convert units of volume we multiply or divide by 1000 for each place it depends on if
we move to the right or to the left. For example to change 2 hm3 to m3, as we change from
a greater to a lowest we multiply by 1000 as many times as places. Since we move 2 places
to the right from hm3 to m3 we should multiply by 1000 000 = 2 x 1000 000 = 2000 000
m3.
Example: An object has a volume of 245 cm3, how many dm3 ? and mm3?
245 : 1000 = 0,245 dm3 245 x 1000 = 245 000 mm3
Exercise:
Express in m3 the following volume: a) 0,4 hm3 b) 0,0032 dm3 c) 24 dm3
4.1 RELATING METRIC UNITS
Metric units of volume, capacity and mass are related to one another in this way:
A cube of 1 dm of side holds 1 litre of water and has a mass of 1 kg (Only for water o
similar liquids density, for example not for honey)
1 dm3 = 1L of water = 1 kg
Exercise: How many litres are in 3 m3?
1st we convert m3 to dm3 3 x 1000 = 3000 dm3 = 3000 L
Solved problem: A child wants to fill a 500 cm3 bucket. How many litres of water does he
need to fill it?
500cm3 dm3 1 place to the left, so divide by 1000 = 0,500 dm3 = 0,5 L what is half a
litre or 500 mL
5. AREA Measurements of 2 dimensions 10 X 10 = 100
In a flat shape is the space inside the lines.

What’s the measure of your blackboard?
To find it out we measure the area (green part) using surface units. We have to measure 2
dimensions:
Length and width and multiply them: 2m long x 1,20 m wide = 2,40 m2
The basic unit of surface in the metric system is the squared metre, and it is the area
of a square of 1 m of side: 1 m2
Units of surface: Multiples and submultiples are:
Square Square Square Square Square Square Square

Kilometre Hectometre Decametre metre decimetre centimetre millimetre
1km2= 1 hm2 = 1 dam2= m2 1dm2 = 1cm2 = 1mm2=
1000 000 100 m2 0,001m2 0,0000
m2 10 000 0,000 01 m2 001m2
m2
To convert units of surface we multiply or divide by 100 for each place it depends on if we
move to the right or to the left. For example to change 2 hm2 to m2, as we change from a
greater to a lowest we multiply by 100 as many times as places. Since we move 2 places to
the right from hm2 to m2 we should multiply by 10 000 = 2 x 10 000 = 20 000 m2.
Example: A table is 120 cm long and 70 cm wide.
Its area is 120 x 70 = 8400 cm2 = 8400 : 100 00= 0,84 m2
Área and hectárea
en español. ¿y
Other units for large surfaces: area 1(a) = 100 m2 fanega?
And hectare 1(ha) = 1hm2 =100 areas = 10 000m2

Exercises:
1. What unit of surface will you use to measure: cm2, mm2, km2, m2, dm2?
a) Your room floor b) a paper area c) The surface of a country
2. Complete the table:
Km2 hm2 dam2 m2 dm2 cm2 mm2
7 70000
0,0025
2.1 PRACTICES of surface
EXERCISE 1 Area of objects (materials needed: ruler and tape measure)

Complete this table. In groups they have to measure length and width of these objects to
find the area. Remember to use the same units to operate. Compare the results with other
groups (give them 10 minutes maximum).
Length Width AREA AREA in m2

OBJECT
Door 2m 70cm 200 x 70 = 14000:100 00=
14000 cm2
1,4 m2
Window
Ruler
Math book
Classroom
Paper sheet
EXERCISE 2 Space at home.

Measure at home the area of your bedroom and other rooms from your house. Then
prepare problems to show to your group or class.
For example: My bedroom is 230 cm wide and 4,5 m long. If I want to covert the floor
with a blue carpet, how many m2 will I need?
EXERCISE 3 Surfaces of places

Find out the surface of different countries or towns; express it in m2 and compare.
Example: Spain has a surface of 506,990 km2, is it bigger than France?
If we have 30% of forest surface, How many hectares are there?
30% of 506,990 = 152,097 km2 = 152,097 x 100 = 15209,7 ha
2. On this signpost, the distance to Madrid is given as 9 miles. Show the distance in km.
Madrid 9
Airport
Invent similar problems to your class and check the results.

http://www.math-drills.com/measurement.shtml Metric- imperial conversion exercises.
III. MEASURING TEMPERATURE
We have three scales to measure temperature: CELSIUS, FAHRENHEIT AND

KELVIN.
Celsius is used In Spain and many countries in Europe and Fahrenheit is used in U.S.A.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise
They settle in different degrees the freezing point of water and the boiling point of water.
O O
CELSIUS C FAHRENHEIT F
Freezing point of 0 oC 32 o F
water
Boiling point of 100 0 C 212 o F

water
Normal Body 37 o C 98,6 o F

temperature
5 5
To convert o F to o C (oF – 32) = Example 78oF (78 – 32) = 25,5 o C
9 9
Twenty-five point five degrees Celsius or Centigrade
9 9
To convert o C to o F o
C+ 32 = Example 32 o C 32 x +32 = 89,6 o F
5 5
Eighty-nine point 6 degrees Fahrenheit
Why the fraction 5/9 and 9/5? The difference between the freezing point and the boiling
point in Fahrenheit is 212 – 32 = 180, in Celsius is 100 – 0 = 100. The proportion is
o 180 9 100 5
C to o F = = + 32 if we reduce it. And o F to o C = = – 32
100 5 180 9
Converting practices and reading temperatures: http://www.mathdrills.com/measurement.shtml
Solve these problems and convert the degrees to Celsius. Invent similar ones for the class.
Example: At 11 a.m. the temperature outside is 35 o F, and at 11 p.m. is – 13 o F. By how

many degrees has the temperature fallen?
35 – (–13) = 35 + 13 = 48 o F (48 –32) 5/9 = 8,8 o C
1. The pool water temperature at 9 a.m. was 62 oF, but by 6 p.m. the temperature was 70
o
F, How much has the temperature risen?
2. When Susan was sick, the temperature was 38,8 o C. After she recovered, her
temperature was 36,5 o C. How much has her temperature dropped?
Exercise 2: Write “R” if the statement is reasonable and “U” if it is unreasonable:
a) Your body temperature when you are well is about 37 oC ______

b) Inside a freezer it is 10 oC _______
c) The skating lake is frozen when the temperature is – 5 o C _____
d) You need a coat in 25 o C ______
e) When you boil potatoes the water is about 70o C ______
Exercise 3: Choose a reasonable temperature for:

1) The temperature of your classroom in a warm day: a) 68 o F b) 80 o F c) 45 o F
2) The temperature of a dish of ice cream: a) 31 o F b) 0 o F c) –10 o F
PRACTICE 1 Weather report

Bring newspapers or documents where the students can read the weather report and
temperatures.
In groups they choose a country or area and they should convert the temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit. Then they will write and read aloud a report about the temperatures from
yesterday to tomorrow in
Celsius degrees and
Yesterday the temperature in Fahrenheit In degrees Fahrenheit:
Oxford was 7oC, Today the degree: Yesterday was 44,6oF,
o o
temperature will be 10 C and today 50 F and tomorrow
Tomorrow it will be 8 oC it will be 46,4 oF
To convert units of surface we multiply or divide by square of power of ten .
For example to change 2 hm 2 to m2 , as we change from a greater to a lowest
we multiply by 100 as many times as places. Since we move 2 places to the right
from hm 2 to m 2 we should multiply by 10 000 = 2 x 10 000 = 20 000 m2 .
Example: A table is 120 cm long and 70 cm wide.

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Lesson

5-4 Length in the Metric System

KEY Concept VOCABULARY

decimeter dm 0.1 m length

A centimeter is one unit smaller than a decimeter.

A kilometer is two units larger than a dekameter.

Convert. 8.2 m = ____ mm Convert. 1.3 km = ____ cm

8.2 m = 8,200 mm 1.3 km =

Example 2 YOUR TURN!

Convert. 613.5 mm =____ dkm Convert. 2,234 m = ____ km

2. Do you multiply or divide? 2. Do you multiply or divide?

4. Use 104. 4. Use .

613.5 mm = 0.06135 dkm 2,234 m =

A decimeter is units A dekameter is units

3 3,467 km = ____ m 4 7,431 m = ____ dm

A meter is units A decimeter is unit

Step by Step Practice

5 Convert. 80,743 dm = ____ km

Step 1 Are you converting to a smaller unit or a larger unit?

Step 2 Do you multiply or divide?

Step 3 How many units are you converting?

Convert each measurement.

10 6.5 dm = ____ km 11 742 mm = ____ cm

Step by Step Problem-Solving Practice

Hectometers are units than meters.

The decimal moves place(s) to the .

Check off each step.

Understand: I underlined key words.

Plan: To solve the problem, I will .

Solve: The answer is .

Check: I checked my answer by .

Skills, Concepts, and Problem Solving

23 DRIVING Garrett drove 62 kilometers to see his grandmother. How

25 The distance between two points is called the .

26 The measuring system based on powers of 10 is the .

27 Write in your own words how to convert between metric

5 Progress Check 2 (Lessons 5-3 and 5-4)

Convert each measurement.

9 200 dkm = cm 10 2,500 mm = m

Notes and exercises

1.1 Physical Quantity.

are different from laws of ordinary addition.

If length is defined as a fundamental quantity

1.4 Fundamental and Derived Units.

Electric Current ampere A

Amount of Substance mole mol

Luminous Intensity candela cd

/ from very small (micro) to very large (macro) magnitudes

1 Solar year = 365.25 average solar day

(12) Angular acceleration ( ) Radian/sec2 [M0L0T – 2]

S. N. Quantity Unit Dimension

(2) Heat (Q) Joule [ML2T– 2]

(4) Thermal capacity Joule/K [M1L2T – 2 –1]

(5) Latent heat (L) Joule/kg [M0L2T – 2]

(7) Boltzmann constant (k) Joule/K [M1L2T– 2 – 1]

(8) Coefficient of thermal conductivity (K) Joule/m-s-K [M1L1T– 3 – 1]

(9) Stefan's constant ( ) Watt/m2-K4 [M1L0T– 3 – 4]

(10) Wien's constant (b) Meter-K [M0L1To 1]

(13) Mechanical eq. of Heat (J) Joule/Calorie [M0L0T0]

S. N. Quantity Unit Dimension

(3) Capacitance (C) Coulomb/volt or Farad [M–1L– 2T4A2]

(4) Electric potential (V) Joule/coulomb M1L2T–3A–1

liter L 1L metric system

Convert. 8.2 m = mm Convert. 1.3 km = cm

Convert. 613.5 mm = dkm Convert. 2,234 m = km

3 3,467 km = m 4 7,431 m = dm

10 6.5 dm = km 11 742 mm = cm

Convert. 3.62 kL = L Convert. 61 L = mL

Convert. 5,813 cL = kL Convert. 360 mL = dkL

Convert. 1.7 kg = cg Convert. 5,662 g = mg

Convert. 483 cg = dkg Convert. 3,601.4 mg = g