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It is not uncommon for Americans to commute more than an hour each way to work via car, and
77% of Americans drive alone to their workplace, while an additional 11% carpool.[citation needed]
The mean traveled distance might depend on the age group: while the mean is 13,476 miles
yearly (about 20 000 kilometers), it is only 4,785 miles (7,701 kilometers) for 65+females, but can
reach 18,858 miles (30 000 kilometers) for 35-54 males.[10]
After World War II, land developers began to buy land just outside the city limits of larger cities to
build mass quantities of inexpensive tract houses.[11] One of the first examples of planned
suburbanization is Levittown, Pennsylvania. These suburbs were made possible by the car, and
the suburbs made the car a necessity. By the end of the 1950s, one-third of Americans lived in
the suburbs. Eleven of the United States's twelve largest cities recorded a declining population
during the decade, with a consequent loss in tax revenues and city culture. Only Los Angeles, a
center for the car culture, gained population.[12]
Maximum speed limits in the United States vary by state from 60 to 85 mph. (Washington D.C. has a
maximum speed limit of 55 mph.)
Percentage of US car crash fatalities where driver blood alcohol level was .01 and above, 1999–2012
Drunk driving is driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or both, to the
degree that mental and motor skills are impaired. It is illegal in all jurisdictions within the U.S. The
specific criminal offense is usually called driving under the influence [of alcohol or other drugs]
(DUI), and in some states driving while intoxicated (DWI), operating while impaired (OWI),
or operating a vehicle under the influence (OVI). Such laws may also apply to boating or flying an
aircraft. This applies to all vehicles, which can include farm machinery and horse-drawn
carriages.
In the United States, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates that
17,941 people died in 2006 in alcohol-related collisions, representing 40% of
total traffic deaths in the United States. NHTSA states 275,000 were injured in alcohol-
related accidents in 2003.[16] The Bureau of Justice Statistics estimated that in 1996, local law
enforcement agencies made 1,467,300 arrests nationwide for driving under the influence of
alcohol, compared to 1,900,000 such arrests during the peak year in 1983.[17] The arrest rate for
alcohol-related offenses among American Indians was more than double that for the total
population during 1996, and almost 4 in 10 American Indians held in local jails had been charged
with a public order offense, most commonly driving while intoxicated.[18] In 1997, an estimated
513,200 DWI offenders were under correctional supervision, down from 593,000 in 1990 and up
from 270,100 in 1986.[19] The most at risk are the younger people. In 2015, drivers with a BAC of
0.08% or higher are involved in a fatal crash; three in 10 were between 21 and 24 years old
(28%).[20]
NHTSA defines fatal collisions as "alcohol-related" if they believe the driver, a passenger, or non-
motorist (such as a pedestrian or pedal cyclist) had a blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.01 or
greater. NHTSA defines nonfatal collisions as alcohol-related if the accident report indicates
evidence of alcohol present. NHTSA specifically notes that alcohol-related does not necessarily
mean a driver or non occupant was tested for alcohol and that the term does not indicate a
collision or fatality was caused by the presence of alcohol.[21] On average, about 60% of the BAC
values are missing or unknown. To analyze what they believe is the complete data, statisticians
simulate BAC information.[22] Drivers with a BAC of 0.10 are 6 to 12 times more likely to get into a
fatal crash or injury than drivers with no alcohol.[23]
Driver's license[edit]
Main article: Driver's licenses in the United States
A driving license, typically called a "driver's license", is required to operate a motor vehicle on
any public road in the United States. This license is issued by the authority of
individual states (including Washington, D.C. and all territories). Drivers are normally required to
obtain a license from their state of residence, and all states recognize each other's licenses for
temporary visitors subject to normal age requirements. Most states allow people to drive
unaccompanied once they have reached the age of sixteen. A state may suspend an individual's
driving privilege within its borders for traffic violations. Many states share a common system of
license classes, with some exceptions, and commercial license classes are standardized by the
federal law of 49 CFR part 383.[24][25]
Traffic signs[edit]
To convey the message immediately, the roadway signs in the US use symbols rather than
words. The use of symbols is not bothered by any language barriers, and can be instant
communication for drivers and pedestrians in order to manage the transportation and the traffic
safety. According to Federal Highway Administration, it states “the color of roadway signs is an
important indicator of the information they contain. The use of red on signs is limited to stop,
yield, and prohibition signs. A white background indicates a regulatory sign; yellow conveys a
general warning message; green shows permitted traffic movements or directional guidance;
fluorescent yellow/green indicates pedestrian crossings and school zones; orange is used for
warning and guidance in roadway work zones; coral is used for incident management signs; blue
indicates road user services, tourist information, and evacuation routes; and brown is for
guidance to sites of public recreation or cultural interest. Sign shape can also alert roadway
users to the type of information displayed on a sign. Traffic regulations are conveyed in signs that
are rectangular with the longer direction vertical or square. Additional regulatory signs are
octagons for stop and inverted triangles for yield. Diamond-shaped signs signify warnings.
Rectangular signs with the longer direction horizontal provide guidance information. Pentagons
indicate school zones. A circular sign warns of a railroad crossing."[26]