TEAM 3 :

1. Amalia Hendriyani 214110201155

2. Ayinda Khoerunisa 214110201182
3. Siti Nurfadilah 214110201106
4. Siti Mukaromah 214110201241
5. Fahmi Rizqi Fadhilah 214110201196
6. Agnesta Salsavilla Putri Wandana 214110201064

RESUME
“The Social Problems Of National Proverty, Criminality, Health, and Education in
Indonesia “
A. OBJECTIVE

To analyze the social problems of national proverty, criminality, health, and education in
Indonesia

B. INTRODUCTION

Urban areas are a collection of settlement centers that play a role in a development
area and/or national territory as a service node. This city has its own charm in the
urbanization process, many rural people prefer to move to cities, this is caused by several
factors such as the desire of the community to seek entertainment / recreation, the
availability of better city facilities than in the village, the availability of better business
opportunities. larger, and the availability of quality service facilities and infrastructure that
is more adequate. The movement of people from villages to cities is called urbanization,
where urbanization can have a negative impact on the growth of the population in cities.
This ever-increasing population can be one of the factors that can cause social problems
within the city itself.

Social problems are a discrepancy between elements of culture or society, where this
discrepancy can endanger the life of social groups. If there is a clash between the existing
elements, it can cause disruption of social relations such as unrest in the life of the group or
society. These social problems can have an impact on society, especially in urban areas,
such as increasing crime rates, the gap between the rich and the poor, the lack of quality
education, the emergence of health problems, and increasing unemployment. This is due to
the density of development which results in the use of space which is still not suitable, such
as conditions that are safe, comfortable and sustainable. By looking at all these problems,
 there are several things that the government can do as an effort to overcome the negative
impacts of urbanization, namely, among others, promoting agricultural intensification and
providing training to rural communities to improve their quality and skills.

C. DISCUSSION

1. POVERTY
As one of social problems, poverty makes multilayer impacts. Basically poverty
causes various disabilities in society, the inability of society to meet basic needs such
as food, education, and health. The inability of the community to meet food needs
ultimately finally affects the inability to meet nutritional needs. This causes a decrease
in public health. Besides affecting health, poverty also causes a person unable to reach
access to education.

The combination of lack of nutrition and low quality of knowledge caused by

minimal education, it will result in the quality of human resources are minimal too,
whereas human resources is a brain of a country. When a country does not have
qualified human resources, it is certain that the country will be very difficult in
achieving its vision and may never be achieved.

Defined that the poverty is a situation in which a person is unable to maintain

himself in accordance with the standard of living of the group and also unable to
utilize his mental and physical energy in the group (Soekamto 2005). Poverty is
different for those who participate in urbanization but fail to find work. For them the
main problem of poverty is caused not able to meet the primary needs so it raises
unemployed, homeless and so on. Sociologically, the cause of problem is because one
of the social institutions is not functioning well such as social institutions in the field
of economy. Poor families (underprivileged) are families who have not fulfilled one or
more of the following conditions:

a. Can eat twice a day or more

b. Have different clothes for various purposes
c. The floor of the house is not the land
 d. If the child is ill, they are taken to the hospital / to the community health center.

2. CRIMINALITY

The definition of criminality according to language is same as a crime

(punishable offense) that is a criminal case that can be punished according to the Act.
Criminal is offense anything that violates a law or a crime. Usually a criminal is a
thief, a murderer, a burglar or a terrorist. Even so the last category, terrorist, is
somewhat different from a criminal for committing a crime based on Politics or
understand motif in defining crime, there are some views about what deeds can be
regarded as crimes. The definition of crime in the juridical sense is not the same as the
definition of crime in criminology that is considered sociologically.

a. Criminality sociologically has two elements:

1. The crime is an act that is economically disadvantageous and psychologically
harmful.
2. Hurt the moral feelings of a bunch of people, where the people have the right
to bear reproach.

In terms of criminology, every action that is not approved by the community

is defined as a crime. It means that every crime does not have to be formulated in
a criminal law. So every act that is anti social, harmful and annoying society,
criminologycally it can be said as Crime.The meaning of crime seen by the legal
glass is 1probably the most easily formulated explicitly and conventionally.

According to the law, criminal is a human act that violates or contradicts what
is stipulated in the rule of law; Strict deeds that violate the prohibitions set out in
the rule of law, and do not comply with or against the orders that have been set in
the rules of law prevailing in the respective society residing (Soedjono D, 1977:
15).

b. Criminality also occurs due to unemployment include:

The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, vol.4, Issue 8, August, 2017
 1. Welfare levels are decreased
2. The number of criminals (crimes) increases, such as theft, mugging, and
robbery
3. Quality of life is decreased, marked by a dirty (unhealthy) environment
4. Community productivity is decreased that raise poverty
5. Decreased levels of health and food shortages
6. Increasing the number of homeless children, homeless people, buskers in
public places, and so forth
7. Decreased state revenues from income tax receipts
8. Increased social costs of the country.

3. HEALTH
Urban areas are areas in Indonesia that have much better health service
facilities in the first, second, and third strata organised by the government and the
private sector when compared to rural areas. This makes it easier for people to obtain
health services. But health problems in urban areas are generally more complex, on
the one hand there are still conventional health problems such as infectious diseases,
poor sanitation, infectious diseases. On the other hand, degenerative diseases,
psychiatric disorders, over-nutrition, and sexually transmitted infections are
emerging. Every year, the number of people living in urban areas continues to
increase. However, the development of the population in the city is not proportional
to the increasing quality of existing health services. The health problems that are
often experienced by urban communities are as follows: The phenomenon of
urbanisation or the movement of people from rural areas to cities, which causes an
explosion in the population and of course also has an impact on health. Pollution that
worsens air quality in urban areas. According to data from the Central Bureau of
Statistics in 2004, in Indonesia the number of motorised vehicles increased by 12%
each year. This increase is of course accompanied by an increase in harmful
pollutants that residents are forced to breathe every day, such as carbon monoxide
(CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NO). Problems with the availability
of drinking water and sanitation facilities. More than 100 million people in the
country, for example, still lack access to safe drinking water. Meanwhile, more than
 70% of Indonesia's 220 million population still depends on contaminated water
sources Various types of diseases, both infectious and non-communicable.Lifestyle
changes. Lifestyle changes such as lack of exercise, eating non-nutritious food, and
smoking have made degenerative diseases increasingly targeting urban communities.
Ironically, the spread of classic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB),
diarrhoea, and dengue fever still cannot be resolved.

The Director General of P2PL also said that several factors that cause health
problems in urban areas are pollution (water and air), stress, unhealthy food quality,
unhealthy residential and transportation environments, the impact of smoking, illegal
drugs, and so on.

The situation of the urban poor needs immediate attention. In urban slums,
inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene practices, overcrowding, and contaminated water
all combine to create unhealthy conditions. Diseases associated with this include
dysentery, cholera and other diarrhoeal diseases, typhoid, hepatitis, leptospirosis,
malaria, dengue, scabies, chronic respiratory diseases and intestinal parasitic
infections. In addition, lower-middle income families who are less educated tend to
practice poor hygiene practices, which can lead to poor health outcomes. This is a
major contributor to the spread of disease and an increased risk of child mortality.

4. EDUCATION
One of the education problems experienced by urban communities is the high
cost of education. A few years ago, before the government's policy to free up building
and tuition fees in public schools, many schools tried to take advantage of this moment
to compete in charging relatively expensive fees from their students. This is of course
related to improving the quality of facilities in the school as well as funding for
honorary teachers who teach in the school. However, this is what parents always
complained about at the time because they had to bear relatively expensive costs. So
education seems to be used as a tool for materialistic gain.

In addition, the social problem of education that often occurs in urban areas is
the number of students who engage in brawls. They pretend to have excess empty
 hours or free time to fill their lives, so they have to add to it by brawling after hours as
if it has become a routine agenda after school, as an extracurricular activity and or one
of the developmental tasks of students that must be mastered when they reach
adolescence. Even schools that are often involved in this action, which used to be
known as STM (Sekolah Teknik Mesin) and now become SMK (Vocational High
School), are said to have one of the local curriculums as "brawl subjects".

One of the causes of these brawls comes from the school environment. A school
environment that does not stimulate students to learn (e.g. monotonous classroom
atmosphere, irrelevant regulations, absence of practical facilities, etc.) will cause
students to prefer to do activities outside school with their friends. Not to mention the
quality of teachers, who are often found to lack patience in dealing with students as
teenagers, so they often show anger, which can be imitated by their students.

One of the problems often faced by teenagers is bullying behaviour, which is a

special form of bullying perpetrated by peers. Bullying is a social problem among
school children. Almost every child has been mistreated by an older or stronger child.
The dominance of bullying behaviour is often covert and often most of the victims do
not report it so it is not followed up.

From a social perspective, bullying is seen as a form of frustration due to life

pressure and imitation of the adult environment. Urban environments in particular are
characterised by being harsher than rural environments where children can imitate
violent spectacles presented through rapidly developing visual technology media and
individual interactions with their environment

D. CONCLUSION
Appropriate handling of national poverty, crime, health, and education in a country
can make the country a developed country. The various problems above are basic problems
for developing countries in Asia, Africa and South America. Poverty, crime, mental
health, and education are related to one another. Poor education makes many citizens in a
country careless in managing their finances, causing them to become poor. Poverty is
certainly a damaging factor for mental health. If poverty cannot be controlled, it will lead
to an increase in the crime rate in the country. Of course it requires special handling to
make the country free from various existing problems.

In this case, Indonesia sees that character education is the main factor for solving
problems of poverty, crime, and mental health. There are 4 main points for solving
character education problems, namely religion, Pancasila, culture, and educational goals.
This is in line with the reality of a nation that is heterogeneous in terms of religion and
culture, which are united by one state foundation, namely Pancasila. When citizens are
aware of the basic urgency of the state, the desired educational goals can be realized. Then
followed up with various concrete steps to improve education, overcome poverty, reduce
crime rates, and improve mental health levels. If it is practiced honestly, decisively and
effectively, Indonesia will become a developed country.