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INITAO COLLEGE Course Code: CA1

Jampason, Initao, Misamis Oriental
1st Semester, S.Y. 2020 - 2021 Course Title: Institutional Correction

Unit: 3 (Lecture)

Instructor: Subject Schedule:

MONDAY 10:00-12:00; 1:00-2:00
Charlene T. Bolongaita, RCrim
Facebook Group Page:
Mobile Number: Initao College Criminology Department (CTB)
0926-303-1005
Messenger Group Chat:
e-mail address: IC Crim Students

redbolongz@gmail.com

Contact Schedule:

W and F; 8:00am - 5:00pm

MODULE 2: August 24 - 28, 2020

Topic: Introduction to Corrections Desired Learning Outcomes:

Duration: 3 hrs ⚫ Students should be able to analyze the importance of history of

Corrections.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION FOR SUBMISSIONS

This module should be submitted on September 2, 2020

INTRODUCTION

Hi there! Welcome back to class. This first module will give you an idea what is Institutional Corrections all about and how this topic correlates
to other topics for the upcoming weeks and for the whole semester.

ACTIVITY

Instruction: Answer the following questions. 10 points each. Write at least minimum of 10 words and maximum of 20 words each
question. Do not use vernacular words (Bisaya). Write it at the back of this module.

1. What are your expectations to this subject?

2. What are the things that you want to learn?
3. What are the things that you need to do to pass this subject?

ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

What is Correction?
The term Correction could mean two separate meanings. First, it is the institution a branch of the administration of criminal justice, charge with
the responsibility for custody, supervision and rehabilitation of offenders. Second, it is a study of methods that have been and are employed for
the punishment and deterrence of such behavior and a study of efforts to accompany the punishment with measures that are intended to
change or correct offenders. Both definitions come from the meaning of penology, which means, a part of the science of criminology which
scientifically studies the principle of punishment and the management of prisons, reformatories and other confinement units. The birth of
penology is also considered the birth of a humane approach in the administration of justice.

What is Institutional Correction – is the traditional method of correction which is the confinement in jail, prison, penitentiary and the like.
What is Non-Institutional Correction – it is a punishment implemented out from cell blocks. It is sometimes termed as contemporary
correction because it is a diversion of the method.
Prison defined - is a confinement facility having custodial authority over an individual sentenced by a court to imprisonment, which is
administered by a national government.
Jail defined - jails are primarily adult penal institution used for the detention of law violators, which is administered by a province, city and
municipality.
Lock-up - this is a security facility, usually operated by the police department, for the temporary detention of persons held for investigation or
awaiting trial.
Theoretical Foundations of the Treatment of Criminals:
1. The Classical School of Thought. “Let punishment fits the crime”. Ceasar Becarria explains that this is a philosophy of hedonism
and freewill to make a rational choice between what will cause pain and what will result in pleasure. A swift and certain punishment for
criminal behavior, is assumed by Becarria that will deter people from committing crime.
2. Neo-classical. Is a modification of the classical assumption of freewill where there was no definition as to who has freewill. Therefore,
neo-classical concept defines its boundaries of freewill, that children and lunatic person do not have freewill therefore, they must be

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excluded to any punishment since they do not know what is right and wrong.
3. The Positive School of Thought. “Let the treatment fit the criminal”. According to Cesar Lombroso, people cannot always be held
accountable for their behavior because of factors beyond their control. This is known as determinism, that is to determines one’s
behavior which is beyond the factors of control, that man’s freewill can be influenced and be dictated by physical, psychological and
environmental conditions, that when a person commit a crime there are effects or he is sick either physically, psychologically or
environmentally which causes him to commit crime, and that a criminal, therefore, should not be punished but rather be treated
because he is having illness, which leads him to do wrong.

Early Forms of Corrections

During the early development of civilization, people believe that when a person commit a crime he is being possess by demon. The system of
their correction is focused to cast out the demon inside the person’s body which was the very reason why he committed a crime. The following
methods were used:

• Pungent Potion- when an individual commits a crime, they let the person drink a pungent poison to drive away the evil spirit inside
his body which leads him in the commission of crime.
• Grotesques Mask- they wear a grotesque mask and they dance around the person who commits a crime in order to drive out the
spirit in bis body.
• Trephination Method- a piece of stone or wood which was a very sharp edge will be used to make a hole at the forehead of the
person who violates the law and they will pray or cast out the evil spirit to get out of his body.
• Banishment- when a person commits a crime, he will be rejected by the community for him not to influence others to commit crime, if
he refuses to depart in his community he will be killed.

Early Forms of Punishment

Flogging- it is the whipping of a stick, rope or leather to a person who violates the law. The famous whip was the Russian Knot made from
leather thongs tipped with fishhook like wires. A few strides with the knot produced serious lacerations and often resulted in much blood
loss. Another type of whip is the cat-o-nine tails, A slash of 9 knotted throngs of raw hides attached to a solid handle, used in the
administrations of flogging.
Flogging was widely used in England during the middle ages, were offenders are beaten as they run through the streets with their hands tied
behind their back.
Mutilation- it is the cutting of some parts of the offender’s body. Throughout history various societies have amputated the hands of thieves and
robbers, blinded spies, and castrated rapists. Blasphemers have their tongues ripped out, and pickpockets have suffered broken fingers.
Branding- was used as a lesser form of mutilation, the Romans, Greeks, French, British and many other societies have all used branding. In
1829 the British parliament officially eliminated branding as a punishment of a crime. Offenders who are branded has an identity marks on
the hand if he repeats its violation the marking is placed at the forehead.
Public Humiliation- it gives an opportunity of the members of the community to take its vengeance. Offenders are sent to the stocks or pillory
found themselves captive and on public display. They will be heckled and spit upon by passers-by. Other citizens might gather and throw
tomatoes or rotten eggs. On occasion, citizens who were particularly outraged by the magistrate or nature of the offense would substitute
rocks to end the offender’s life.
Exile or Banishment- the ancient Hebrews periodically forced a sacrificial goat symbolically carrying the tribes sin into the wilderness, a
practice which has given us the modern world “scapegoating”. The French sent criminal offenders to devil’s island, Russians had used
Siberia as the land where banished people are sent. England sent their prisoners to America beginning in 1618, the British program of
exile, is known as “transportation”, which served the dual purpose of providing a captive labor force for development of the colonies, as
they oppose the corporal punishment.
In 1776, the American Revolution forced the practice to end. The British penology shifted to the use of aging ships, called hulks, as temporary
prisons. Hulk were anchored in Harbors through England and serves as floating confinement facilities.
In 1787, after Captain Cook had discovered the continent, Australia became the new port of call for the English prisoners.
Workhouses- during the sixteenth century, Europe was faced with an economic upheaval as a product of their industrial revolution. Thousands
were unemployed and vagrants are everywhere in towns and villages seeking food and shelter. Because their homes and pieces of land
were sold for the industrialization of Europe. Churches during that time was the primary social relief of the people’s situation.

The government of Europe believed that poverty was the cause of laziness. They created workhouses designed to instill the habits of industry.
The first workhouse in Europe opened in 1557 in a former British Palace, which was called “Saint Bridget’s Well”. The name was
shortened to Brideswell and the name Brideswell became synonym for workhouses. Brideswell taught work habit to the inmates and not
punish the convict instead, it was replaced by hard work.

APPLICATION

This topic is especially important to your course because it gives you the foundation of Correctional Administration which is one of the Board
courses in Criminology. This will also help you master the basic concepts of Institutional Correction.

ASSESSMENT REFERENCES

Instruction: Answer the following questions clearly. Do not use vernacular words Philippine Criminal Justice System by Gerry J.
(Bisaya). 5points each. Write the question and answer it on a whole sheet of paper. Cano et. Al. pp. 121-125.

3-2-1

Three things you learned:

1.

2.

3.

Two things that you’d like to learn more about:

1.

2.

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One question you want to ask:

1.

NAME OF STUDENT:__________________________________

COURSE/YEAR AND GROUP:___________________________

CELLPHONE NO.:____________________________

Prepared by: Charlene T. Bolongaita, RCrim