AMITY INSTITUTE OF PSYCHOLOGY

AND ALLIED SCIENCES

 8 Semester
TH

College and Career Counselling [PSYC774] Career Guidance

Report

Submitted by

ARUSHI SINGH

 Enrollment No- A0423417001

B.A + M.A CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY (DUAL DEGREE)

Batch 2017-2021, Section-A

                                               Submitted to

   Faculty Name      :   Ms Tamanna Saxena

Objective

The objective of this report is to create an individual profile of a subject in terms of career
guidance by measuring the individual’s interest, aptitude, and personality using three
standardized tools- Holland Career Code Test to get an index for job persistence and job
satisfaction, David Battery of Differential Abilities (DBDA) to assess the cognitive ability
and achievement of an individual, and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to indicate
preferences in interaction and decision making.

Key Words

Career Guidance, Interest, Aptitude, Personality, Holland Career Code Test, David Battery of
Differential Abilities, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Process

The subject chosen for the report was a 17-year-old male student currently studying Science
stream i.e Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics (PCM) with Psychology as the 5 th subject in 11th
standard. All the three tests were administered in the online mode on the same day. The
subject was provided with the instructions before each test was presented.

The standardized tests were administered in the following order-

1. Holland Career Code Test

Instructions- The test consists of 48 tasks that you will have to rate by how much you
would enjoy performing each on a scale of (1) dislike (2) slightly dislike (3) neither
like not dislike (4) slightly enjoy (5) enjoy. The test will take most five to ten minutes
to complete.
2. David Battery of Differential Abilities (DBDA)
Instructions-
 Verbal Ability- This test is in two parts. In part 1 (1 to 15 Questions), first
look at the word in capital letters. Then, from the five words that follow, find
the one that means the same thing as the word in capitals, and mark that
answer in the box given below. In part 2 (16 to 24 Questions), first read the
proverb/saying in capital letters. Then, from the five options given below, find
the one that means the same thing, and mark that answer on your booklet.
 Numerical Ability- This test is made up of short number problems. Each
problem is followed by five choices. You are to choose the correct answer and
check the option representing it. Work as quickly and accurately as you can.
 Spatial Ability- In this subtest, there are drawings of all kinds of figures and
you have to imagine them in different positions. In each row, left of the
vertical (up and down) line, there is one figure called sample figure. The
sample figure is followed by six test figures. Some of the test figures will be
the same as the sample figure, but just turned around. Some of the test figures
will be reversed from the Sample figure; that is, they will look like the sample
figure would look if it was turned over. In some cases, the test figure would be
turned over and turned around; other times it will just be turned over. If a test
figure is same as the sample figure, mark the “S” box for that question number
given below the figure; and if it is reversed from the sample figure, mark the
“R” box for that question number given below the figure.

 Closure Ability- In this test, you will see a word on the left side with parts of
the letters missing. This incomplete word is followed by 5 options each
comprising of a jumbled word. You are first to use your imagination to figure
out what the complete word is. Then find among the 5 jumbled choices, the
one that has the right letters to spell the incomplete word. The incomplete
words vary in length and there are no capital letters in any of the words. Word
quickly to finish as many items as you can. 

 Mechanical Ability- In this test, you will answer questions about mechanical
facts and principles, by marking one of the five choices given. Sometimes
there will be a picture with the question; sometimes not.

 Clerical Ability- This test contains 72 items, consisting of 72 pairs of letters or

numbers, which are either same or different. If the pair is exactly the same,
you are to mark the S box for that. If the pair is different in any way, you are
to mark the D box. The idea is to see how quickly and accurately you can
decide whether pairs are the same or different, so work as quickly as you can
without sacrificing the accuracy. 
  Reasoning Ability- This test consists of 12 rows of letters. In each row, you
are to look at five sets of letters. Four of the five sets follow a certain rule and
one set does not. You are to mark the option of the one set that does not follow
the rule.

3. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Instructions- Choose the description that best describes you. Mark your answers
based on how well each statement describes you.

Results

HOLLAND CAREER CODE TEST

The Holland Occupational Themes is a theory of personality that focuses on career and
vocational choice. It groups people on the basis of their suitability for six different categories
of occupations. The six types yield the RIASEC acronym, by which the theory is also
commonly known. The theory was developed by John L. Holland over the course of his
career, starting in the 1950s. The typology has come to dominate the field of career
counseling and has been incorporated into most of the popular assessments used in the field.
The RIASEC Markers from the Interest Item Pool were developed by Liao, Armstrong and
Rounds (2008) for use in psychological research as a public domain alternative to the usual
assessments which are marketed commercially.

 Realistic- People with Realistic interests like work that includes practical, hands-on
problems and answers. Often people with Realistic interests do not like careers that
involve paperwork or working closely with others.
 Investigative- People with Investigative interests like work that has to do with ideas
and thinking rather than physical activity or leading people.
 Artistic- People with Artistic interests like work that deals with the artistic side of
things, such as acting, music, art, and design.
 Social- People with Social interests like working with others to help them learn and
grow. They like working with people more than working with objects, machines, or
information.
 Enterprising- People with Enterprising interests like work that has to do with starting
up and carrying out business projects. These people like taking action rather than
thinking about things.
  Conventional- People with Conventional interests like work that follows set
procedures and routines. They prefer working with information and paying attention
to details rather than working with ideas.

Scores and Findings

Holland Code
30

25

20

15

10

0
Score

Realistic Investigative Artistic

Social Enterprising Conventional

Holland Code Interest Area Score

Realistic Building 1
Investigative Thinking 20
Artistic Creating 25
Social Helping 27
Enterprising Persuading 11
Conventional Organizing 3

Code based on the result- SAIECR

S (Social)- 27

The subject has very high interest in-

 Teaching
 Giving advice
 Helping and being of service to people

A (Artistic)- 25
The subject has very high interest in-

 Creativity in their work

 Work that can be done without following a set of rules

I (Investigative)- 20

The subject has high interest in-

 Searching for facts

 Figuring out problems

E (Enterprising)- 11

The subject has low interest in-

 Persuading and leading people

 Making decisions
 Taking risks for profits

C (Conventional)- 3

The subject has very low interest in-

 Working with clear rules

 Following a strong leader

R (Realistic)- 1

The subject has the least interest in-

 Working with plants and animals

 Real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery
 Outside work

DAVID BATTERY OF DIFFERENTIAL ABILITIES (DBDA)

There are seven sub-tests Verbal Ability (VA), Numerical Ability (NA), Spatial Ability (SA),
Closure Ability (CA), Clerical Ability (CL), Reasoning Ability (RA) and Mechanical Ability
(MA) and each designed to measure a single primary ability factor and it is important in
industrial settings and career and vocational counselling.
 Verbal Ability (VA): VA refers to comprehension of words and ideas or a person’s
ability to understand written language. Verbal ability is a mandatory skill for a person
wishing to pursue professions that calls for extensive report writing tasks, and/or
constant interaction with other people like teacher, media personnel, content writer,
etc
 Numerical Ability (NA): It refers to the ability to manipulate or work with numbers
quickly and accurately. It determines how accurately you can complete tasks
involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, squaring, dealing with
fractions, etc. Numerical Ability is essential in occupations involving computational
tasks such as various clerical, accounting, engineering, technological, data processing
jobs. Good Numerical Ability along with good Verbal Ability is a measure of good
general learning ability.
 Spatial Ability (SA): SA is concerned with how you understand and perceive
physical spaces around you - geometrical factors such as height, length, width, area,
volume, angles, shapes and figures. It also helps you figure out how you can
transform a given space. Spatial Ability is essential in operations involving figural
materials such as those dealing with shop work, architecture, building construction,
engineering, commercial art, dress designing, interior decoration, etc
 Closure Ability (CA): It refers to the ability to quickly see the missing pieces of
information. It helps you see patterns and see the big picture. Closure Ability is
essential for courses and occupations involving speedy visual perception such as those
concerned with office and shop work, architecture, computer programing, visual data
processing, art and designing, etc.
 Clerical ability (CL): Clerical Ability is a skill to timely and accurately perform
clerical tasks such as data checking, basic mathematics, attention to details, filing and
organizing, etc. Clerical Ability is important for success in occupations involving
record keeping, filing, taking inventories, dispatching, coding, etc.
 Reasoning Ability (RA): Why does something work the way it does while another
thing doesn’t? Reasoning ability helps you analyze clusters of information and figure
out the why. RA is important to perform efficiently in occupations that stress upon
logic, example, mathematics or related pursuits, computer programming, engineering,
sciences and technology.
  Mechanical Ability (MA): It refers to the basic understanding and analysis of
mechanical principles, simple machines, and tools, electrical and automotive facts.
Mechanical Ability is relevant for courses and occupations concerned with machinery
and shop, electrical, electronic tasks, factory, automotive, industrial, carpentry and
various other engineering technologies.

Score and Findings

DBDA Items
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Score (Sten Score)

Closure Ability (CA) Clerical Ability (Cl) Mechanical Ability (MA)

Numerical Ability (NA) Reasoning Ability (RA) Spatial Ability (SA)
Verbal Ability (VA)

DBDA Items Score (Sten Score) Aptitude level

Closure Ability (CA): This is 1 Below Average
the ability to visualize a
complete whole when given
incomplete information or a
partial picture
Clerical Ability (Cl): This is 4 Average
the perceptual speed and
accuracy
Mechanical Ability (MA): 3 Average
This is the understanding of
basic mechanical principles
and concepts
Numerical Ability (NA): This 4 Average
 is the fluency or comfort with
numbers and calculations
Psycho Motor Ability (PM): Not applicable -
This is the ability of hand and
eye coordination and fine
manual dexterity
Reasoning Ability (RA): This 6 High
is the ability to understand and
grasp relationships between
concepts
Spatial Ability (SA): This is 8 Very High
the ability to visualize objects
in 3D space
Verbal Ability (VA): This is 9 Very High
the degree of comfort with the
English language

Areas of Strength Areas of Improvement

Verbal Ability Closure Ability
Spatial Ability Mechanical Ability
Reasoning Ability Clerical Ability
Numerical Ability

MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR (MBTI)

The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is an introspective self-report questionnaire

indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make
decisions. The purpose of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality inventory is
to make the theory of psychological types described by C. G. Jung understandable and useful
in people's lives. The essence of the theory is that much seemingly random variation in the
behavior is actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic differences in the ways
individuals prefer to use their perception and judgment. The identification and description of
the 16 distinctive personality types result from the interactions among the preferences-
  Favorite world: Do you prefer to focus on the outer world or on your own inner
world? This is called Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I).
 Information: Do you prefer to focus on the basic information you take in or do you
prefer to interpret and add meaning? This is called Sensing (S) or Intuition (N).
 Decisions: When making decisions, do you prefer to first look at logic and
consistency or first look at the people and special circumstances? This is
called Thinking (T) or Feeling (F).
 Structure: In dealing with the outside world, do you prefer to get things decided or do
you prefer to stay open to new information and options? This is called Judging (J) or
Perceiving (P).

When you decide on your preference in each category, you have your own personality type,
which can be expressed as a code with four letters.

Score and Findings

MBTI Type Interpretation

INFJ An Advocate (INFJ) is someone with
the Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling,
and Judging personality traits. The subject
tends to approach life with deep
thoughtfulness and imagination. His inner
vision, personal values, and a quiet,
principled version of humanism guide them
in all things.

Key Characteristics of an INJF type-

They prefer to quietly exert their influence. They bring a quiet enthusiasm to all that they are
involved in. Living a life without a facade, being accepted for who they are, is what matters
to them. Creating harmony and working towards the common good for all is one of their key
motivators. They also have a strong need and desire to understand the complexity of human
relationships.

Their sense of empathy allows them to understand and appreciate other's feelings. An INFJ
believes in, and acts on, their intuition and instincts. They make decisions easily and their
friends and associates are likely to perceive them as a self-confident and individualistic
thinker.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the subject based on his MBTI type-

Strengths-

 Sensitive to the needs of others

 Reserved
 Highly creative and artistic
 Focused on the future
 Values close, deep relationships
 Enjoys thinking about the meaning of life
 Idealistic

Weaknesses-

 Can be overly sensitive

 Sometimes difficult to get to know
 Can have overly high expectations
 Stubborn
 Dislikes confrontation

Interpretation of the Results

The objective of this report was to create an individual profile of a subject in terms of career
guidance by measuring the individual’s interest, aptitude, and personality using three
standardized tools- Holland Career Code Test, David Battery of Differential Abilities
(DBDA) and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). It was found that the subject’s aptitude
and personality match very well with his career interest. He is likely to experience natural joy
and happiness while working in the field of his career interest.

Top 3 Ideal Careers-

1. Mental Health Professional- A mental health professional is a health care practitioner

or social and human services provider who offers services for the purpose of
improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders. These individuals
develop the community programs such as psychiatric rehabilitation, daily living skills,
 dual diagnosis treatment, individual and family psychoeducation, adult day care,
foster care, family services and mental health counseling.
2. Teaching Profession- Teaching is one of the largest profession across the globe as
they are responsible for shaping up one's career along with teaching them good
values. There is various type of teachers ranging from special education teachers to
work with students who have the difficulty of learning, mental, emotional, and other
physical disabilities. They adapt general education lessons and teach various subjects,
such as reading, writing, and math, to students with mild and moderate disabilities.
They also teach basic skills, such as literacy and communication techniques, to
students with severe disabilities.
3. Law and Order- Advocates or lawyers are advisors and solution providers to legal
issues that could range from disputes of property, marriages, divorce, criminal
offences to even the rights of an individual etc. Lawyers are the ones who represent
their clients in court - be it initiating a lawsuit, attending formal hearings,
documenting legal papers, assessing the cases to come up with solutions and so on.

On the basis of the scores obtained on the tests the following career options are apt for the
subject-

Holland Career Code Test-

 Child, Family, & School Social Workers

 Criminal Lawyer
 Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses
 Marriage & Family Therapists
 Mental Health & Substance Abuse Social Workers
 Mental Health Counselors
 Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary
 Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary
 Recreational Therapists
 Rehabilitation Counselors
 Community Health Workers
 Art Therapists
 Clinical & Counseling Psychologists
  Psychiatrists

DBDA-

 Guidance counsellor
 Marriage counsellor
 School counsellor
 Teacher
 Psychologist
 Vocational counsellor
 Author of books
 Content writer/columnist
 Clinical psychologist
 Developmental psychologist
 Career counsellor
 Lawyer

MBTI-

Advocates want to find meaning in their work and to know that they are helping and
connecting with people. This desire to help and connect can make roles as counsellors,
psychologists, teachers, social workers, lawyers, yoga instructors, and spiritual leaders very
rewarding for Advocates. Careers in health care – especially the more holistic varieties – can
also be attractive options for this personality type.

Remarks

The subject should tend to seek a career path that aligns with his values rather than one that
offers status and material gain. By finding jobs that offer more autonomy, the subject can
focus on applying their creativity and integrity to everything he will do. He may also find it
gratifying to find a common ground in unrelated professional fields – for example, by writing
about psychology or by being a lawyer. These hybrid careers can offer plenty of opportunities
for the subject to exercise his creativity and love of learning. In order to gain even more
insight to the career preferences, the subject may do the following-

 Talk to (interview) people in the field of your choice

 Visit the workplaces where you would work and spend a few days there
  Research each career choice on the Internet, or at a library

Issues for career and counselling

 Career preferences can be strongly influenced by family and friends

 The subject can show lack of honesty while marking the responses which might not
reveal his true career interest
 Accuracy of our interpretation might not be completely reliable