NIVEL B1.

1 INGLÉS UAI 2023

Unit 2: so much stuff

Brand new

Common

Damaged

Fancy

In Good condition

Modern

Still aun

Bought compró
Present perfect with
Outdated
ever/never
Plain
For/since
Special
"Have you ever been to a music festival?"
Used
Which word in this sentence means "at any
Useful time in the past"? ever
Useless

However sin embargo "I've wanted to go to the Paris Jazz Festival

Throw tirar for years, but I've never had the chance."

Away lejos Which word tells you that she has not been
to the festival?
Might podría
never

We use the present perfect with ever or
never to talk about past experiences. You
dont say exactly when these experiences did
or didn't happen
You can use ever plus the past participle in
questions to ask someone if they have
experienced something.
To say that you have not experienced
something in the past, you can use have not
plus the past participle or have not plus
never plus the past participle.
Use the present perfect with since and A
point of time in the past.
Use the present perfect with for plus a time
expression (a week, two days, a year) to
show the periodo r lenght of time of an
action or evento
 Remember to form the present perfect
with have or has plus the past participle.
For example:
"I've been to many musical festivals." (at an
unknown point in the past).
 Use the present perfect with ever and
never to talk about experiences in the
general past.You can use ever plus the
past participle in questions to ask
someone if they have experienced
something.
"Have you ever been to a music festival?" (at
any point in the past)
 To say that you have not experienced
something in the past, you can use have
not/haven't plus the past participle or
have plus never plus the past participle.
"I haven't been to a music festival."
"I've never been to a music festival."
 Use the present perfect with for and a
period of time to talk about the length of
an action or event.
"I haven't eaten anything for five hours. I'm
hungry!"
 Use the present perfect with since and a
point of time to say when an action or
event began in the past.
"I've lived in this house since 2010.
ESPAÑOL:
 Recuerde formar el presente perfecto
con have o has más el participio pasado.
Por ejemplo:
"He estado en muchos festivales musicales".
(en un punto desconocido en el pasado).
 Usa el presente perfecto con ever y
never para hablar de experiencias en el
pasado general. Puede usar ever más el
participio pasado en preguntas para
preguntarle a alguien si ha
experimentado algo.
"¿Has estado alguna vez en un festival de
música?" (en cualquier momento del pasado)
 Para decir que no has experimentado
algo en el pasado, puedes usar have
not/haven t más el participio pasado o
have plus never más el participio pasado.
"No he estado en un festival de música".
"Nunca he estado en un festival de música".
 Usa el presente perfecto con for y un
período de tiempo para hablar sobre la
duración de una acción o evento.
"No he comido nada en cinco horas. ¡Tengo
hambre!"
 Usa el presente perfecto con since y un
punto de tiempo para decir cuándo
comenzó una acción o evento en el
pasado.
"Vivo en esta casa desde 2010
HAD: TENIDO
SEEN: VISTO
I HAVENT BEEN: NO HE ESTADO
i have had: yo he tenido
EXAMPLES.
Ellen, how long have you known Josh?
Ellen: I've known him since I was 17.
We use ”ever” to ask about general
experiences in the past with the present
perfect. The auxiliary verb ”have”
comes first in the yes/no question form.
The past participle (been) comes after
”ever.” Similarly, in a negative
response, ”never” goes in between the
auxiliary verb ”have” and the past
participle (done).
Usamos "ever" para preguntar sobre
experiencias generales en el pasado con el
presente perfecto. El verbo auxiliar "tener"
va primero en la forma de pregunta de sí/no.
El participio pasado (estado) viene después
de "siempre". De manera similar, en una
respuesta negativa, "nunca" va entre el
verbo auxiliar "tener" y el participio pasado
(hecho).
We use ”have” plus the past participle
with ”I” and ”you,” but we use ”has”
plus the past participle with ”she.”
We use ”for” when talking about periods
of time, but we use ”since” when
referring to a point in time or when an
action began.
We use ”never” for negative
expressions with the present perfect
Usamos "have" más el participio pasado con
"I" y "you", pero usamos "has" más el
participio pasado con "she".
Usamos "for" cuando hablamos de períodos
de tiempo, pero usamos "since" cuando nos
referimos a un punto en el tiempo o cuando
comenzó una acción.
Usamos "nunca" para expresiones negativas
con el presente perfecto
A: I really miss my mom. I havent seen (not
see) her for almost a year.
B: Really?
A: Yeah, she hasnt visited me since last
thanksgiving.
B: It must be hard to live so far away. Have
you ever thought about going back home?
A: Yeah, but I've never had a long break from
school.
Use the present perfect with for and since.
Use the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses.
 I've ever collected stamps because they're
usually damaged.
I've had this teddy bear since I was six
We've never lived in a fancy house, and
years old. I've kept it next to my bed for
the last ten years.
we don't want to.
The present perfect form of ”have” uses
”have/has” plus the past participle of
RESPUESTA: Haveever you
”have,” which is ”had.” We use ”since”
with the present perfect when referring bought a used car?
to a point in the past when an action
I've ever collected stamps
began – in this case, when the speaker
received the teddy bear. because they're usually
Remember that ”keep” is an irregular damaged.
verb in the past participle form: kept.
We use ”for” with the present perfect
when referring to a period of time – the
last ten years. …
He tenido este osito de peluche desde que
tenía seis años. Lo he guardado junto a mi Those: aquellos
cama durante los últimos diez años. The ring has been in the man's family
since the 1900s, so it is not modern. It's
La forma presente perfecta de ”have” usa
plain gold, so it's not fancy. He says,
”have/has” más el participio pasado de ”I've never worn it.” He adds, ”I'm going
”have”, que es ”had”. Usamos "since" con el to use it tomorrow” to propose to his
presente perfecto cuando nos referimos a un girlfriend
punto en el pasado cuando comenzó una
acción, en este caso, cuando el hablante
recibió el osito de peluche.

Recuerda que ”keep” es un verbo irregular

en forma de participio pasado: keep.

Usamos "for" con el presente perfecto

cuando nos referimos a un período de
tiempo: los últimos diez años.

Which two sentences

use incorrect grammar or
vocabulary? 
Have ever you bought a used car?
Chris has sold 12 books since last week,
and none of them were in good condition!
Wow, I haven't read these special letters
from my mom for years.
Have you found that brand new umbrella
you lost yesterday?
 "Have you ever been to
a music festival?" (at any
point in the past)
Describing possessions
 To say that you have not
brand new
experienced something
common
in the past, you can
damaged
use have
fancy
not/haven't plus the
in good condition
past participle
modern
or have plus never plus
outdated
the past participle. 
plain
"I haven't been to a
special
music festival."
used
"I've never been to a
useful
music festival."
useless
 Use the present perfect
Present perfect with with for and a period of
"ever," "never," "for," and time to talk about the
"since" length of an action or
event.
 Remember to form the "I haven't eaten
present perfect anything for five hours.
with have or has plus I'm hungry!"
the past participle.   Use the present perfect
"I've been to many with since and a point of
musical festivals." (at an time to say when an
unknown point in the action or event began in
past). the past. 
 Use the present perfect "I've lived in this
with ever and never to house since 2010."
talk about experiences in
the general past.
 You can use ever plus
the past participle in
questions to ask
someone if they have
experienced something. 
 negative sentences and
questions
Nouns and verbs  Use the present perfect
noun – a word that refers to a with already in affirmati
person/people, places, and ve sentences to talk
objects about things that
verb – you use verbs to talk happened sooner than
about actions and events expected. Notice that
you don't say exactly
VOCABULARY when these things
Sync happened. For example:
"They've already bought
Work a TV." (sometime before
Set up now)
We've already chosen
Try intentar toys for the baby."
(sometime before now)
Delete
 
Work  Already usually
goes before the past
Storage almacenamiento
participle. For example:
Device dispositivo "They've already painte
d the baby's bedroom."
Stil aun "She's already booked 
Did hice a trip to the beach."
 
Bought compró  Use the present perfect
Already ya with yet in questions
and negative
Yet todavía sentences to talk about
Happened sucedió things that haven't
happened up to now.
Use already in  Notice that you expect
affirmative these things to happen.
 sentences. For example:
Use yet in  "Have you put the bed
 together yet?" (I'm sure
you plan to do this)
"I haven't booked a
vacation yet." (but I'm
going to sometime)
 
 Yet usually goes at the
end of the question or
statement. For example:
"I haven't installed the
car seat yet."
"The baby hasn't
arrived yet."
Usa el presente perfecto con
ya en oraciones afirmativas
para hablar de cosas que
sucedieron antes de lo
esperado. Tenga en cuenta
que no dice exactamente
cuándo sucedieron estas
cosas. Por ejemplo:
"Ya han comprado un
televisor". (en algún momento
antes de ahora)
Ya hemos elegido juguetes
para el bebé." (en algún
momento antes de ahora)
Ya suele ir antes del participio
pasado. Por ejemplo:
Ya han pintado la habitación
del bebé.
"Ella ya ha reservado un viaje
a la playa".
Usa el presente perfecto con
yet en preguntas y oraciones
negativas para hablar de
cosas que no han sucedido
hasta ahora. Date cuenta de
que esperas que estas cosas
sucedan. Por ejemplo:
"¿Ya armaste la cama?"
(Estoy seguro de que planeas
hacer esto)
"Todavía no he reservado
unas vacaciones". (pero voy a
hacerlo en algún momento)
Sin embargo, por lo general
va al final de la pregunta o
declaración. Por ejemplo:
"Aún no he instalado la silla
de auto".
"El bebé aún no ha llegado".
hasn't synced her phone
with her laptop yet

RECORDAR:
Remember, we
use already in affirmative
sentences to talk about
things that happened sooner
than expected. It usually
goes before the past
participle.
Use the words in parentheses
( ) to write sentences using
the present perfect
and already.
(They / buy / new car)
(They / eat / breakfast)
Now, let's review the rules for
using the present perfect
with yet.
We use the present perfect
with yet in questions and ne
gative sentences to talk
about things that haven't
happened up to
now. Yet usually goes at
the end of the question or
statement.
Use the words in parentheses
( ) to write sentences using
the present perfect and yet.
(you / start / your new job / ?)
(We / not / try / new
restaurant)
”Drink,” ”eat,” and ”have” have irregular
past participle forms: drunk, eaten,
and had. Use ”already” to describe
actions that happened sooner than
expected. Put ”already” before the past
participle. Use ”yet” to ask about or
describe actions that haven't happened
up until now. Put ”yet” at the end of the
sentence.
A: Do you want a cup of
coffee?
B: no, thanks. I’ve Already
drunk three cups this morning
Have you eaten breakfast
yet?
B: yes, I’ve already had some
toast
….
Have you finished your report
yet?
No, sorry. I haven’t completed
it yet
Ok,but please do it today
VOCABULARY 1 adivina qué
Remind recorder 2 sabes
Valuable valioso 3 por cierto
Worth valer 4 antes
One of a kind unico en su 5 olvidar
clase
6 De todos modos
…
Anyway =staying on track
And guess whatI just bought
Introducing a topic=you know,
 two more online.
guess what
You know Changing the subject=by the
 I'm interested in old toys. way,before
Anyway, have you Heard that You can use short questions
Tori is in town? to show you're interested in
Oh what someone says.
Use be or an auxiliary verb
1guess what (for example, do or have) in
2 You know the same tense that the first
speaker used. Read the
3 By the way examples from the
4 before conversation again.

5 forget Luke: I'm interested in old

watches.
6 Anyway Yadira: You are?
Luke: He was a watchmaker.
Yadira: He was?
Yadira: I have an old watch
that doesn't work.
Luke: You do
You can use one (singular)
and ones (plural) to avoid
repeating something you've
already mentioned. It makes
your writing more natural. You
can use one and ones when
it's clear what you're referring
to. You can
use one or ones the second,
third, etc. time you mention
something. Look at these
examples:
"I'm interested in buying a
Canadian traffic light. Do you
have one like this?"
Here, one means a Canadian
traffic light.
"I want to find two small toy
dogs. Ones like these would
be great. I don't
want ones that are too big."
Here, ones means two small
toy dogs.
Puedes usar one (singular) y
ones (plural) para evitar
repetir algo que ya has
mencionado. Hace que tu
escritura sea más natural.
Puedes usar one and ones
cuando esté claro a qué te
refieres. Puede usar uno o
varios la segunda, tercera,
etc. vez que menciona algo.
Mira estos ejemplos:
"Estoy interesado en comprar
un semáforo canadiense.
¿Tienen uno como este?"
Aquí, uno significa un
semáforo canadiense.
"Quiero encontrar dos perros
de juguete pequeños. Unos
como estos serían geniales.
No quiero que sean
demasiado grandes".
Aquí, unos significa dos
pequeños perros de juguete.
In the title of an ad, you can
leave out small, unimportant
words. You don't need to
include things like pronouns,
articles, and linking words
such as "and." Look at these
examples:
Wanted: Traffic light, 2 stop
signs
(This means, "I want to find a
traffic light and two stop
signs.")
Wanted: One-bedroom
apartment
(This means, "I need a one-
bedroom apartment.")
VOCABULARY
PARKING LOT
Articles
Use a/an when you mention
something for the first time.
"It's an invitation from Triple
Dipper Sports."
Use the when you mention the
same thing again.
"What's the invitation for?"
Articles
Use a/an when something is
not definite.
"That's a triathlon, right?" (It's
one of many triathlons that
happen every year.)
"Look, there's an airplane."
(It's just a general/normal
airplane, not a special one.)
Use the when it's obvious
which thing you're talking
about or when the person
you're talking to already
knows about it.
"It's the famous one, in
Hawai'i."
"Your phone is in the kitchen."
(You know which kitchen. It's
the kitchen in our house.)
Articles
Use a/an when something is
not definite.
"That's a triathlon, right?" (It's
one of many triathlons that
happen every year.)
"Look, there's an airplane."
(It's just a general/normal
airplane, not a special one.)
Use the when it's obvious
which thing you're talking
about or when the person
you're talking to already
knows about it.
"It's the famous one, in
Hawai'i."
"Your phone is in the kitchen."
(You know which kitchen. It's
the kitchen in our house.)
Articles Articles

Use a/an with singular nouns Don't use a, an, or the with
when you mention something plural nouns or non-count
for the first time. nouns when you're talking
about things in a general way.
"It's an invitation from Triple
You don't use an article at all.
Dipper Sports."
"I want to watch Hawaiian
sunsets."
Use a/an when something is
"We enjoy listening to music
not definite.
and watching movies."
"That's a triathlon, right?"
A se usa cuando la
"Look, there's an airplane."
palabra siguiente
empieza por
Use the when it's obvious
which thing you're talking
consonante y An
about or when the person cuando empieza por
you're talking to already vocal
knows about it.
"It's the famous one, in
Hawai'i."
Is that a text dropped the coffee on
message?" / "No, it's my shoes."
an email." "I wanted to go to a
Use a/an with walk-in clinic, but the
singular clinic near my house
was closed."
nouns when you
mention something for Use the with singular
the first time. and plural nouns when
you mention
something for the first
"Is there a hostel near time
here?"
.
"My dad is a teacher."
Use a/an when
something
is not
definite or to talk
about a job.

"I bought a cup of

coffee this morning,
but then I fell over and
Articles Don't use articles with plural nouns or
non-count nouns to talk about things
in a general way.
Use a/an with singular nouns when
"I want to watch funny videos on my
you mention something for the first
phone."
time. "It's an invitation from Triple
Dipper Sports
Use a/an when something is not
definite. "That's a triathlon, right?" (It's
one of many triathlons that happen
every year.) "Look, there's an
airplane." (It's just a general/normal
airplane, not a special one.)
You can also use a/an to talk about
jobs.
"I'm a personal trainer. Emily is an
athlete."
Use the with ordinals, for example:
first, second, third.
Use the with superlative adjectives.
"The first time I drove a car was the
scariest experience of my life."
Use the when it's obvious which thing
you're talking about or when the
person you're talking to already
knows about it.
"It's the famous one, in Hawai'i."
"Your phone is in the kitchen." (You
know which kitchen. It's the kitchen in
our house.)
Don't use an article with the names of
most countries, cities, and continents
or with the names of parks, streets,
single mountains, and lakes.
"Michel is from France, but he lives in
Ottawa."
Arrival For statements giving advice, we only
use would with the subject I.
Book
Departure
Incorrect: You/She/He would take the
Fare
subway.
Lines
Correct: I would take the subway
Reservation
Direct
Route
Schedule
Terminal
We can use would in questions when
we want to ask someone for advice,
and in yes/no questions to give an
answer. For example:
"Would you hang this painting in the
kitchen?"
"Yes, I would" or "No, I wouldn't."

You can also use would in information

questions. For example:
"What would you do?"
"Where would you go for lunch?"
 To ask an information question, use a
question word (what, where, why,
Let's review modals for giving advice.
etc.) and should / could / would. For
example:

Use should and shouldn't to give "Where should I put this painting?"
advice. For example:
"How could I hang this painting up?"
"You should hang the painting over
"What would you do?".
there." (It's good idea.)
"You shouldn't leave it in the closet."

Use could to give advice. For

example:
"We could hang the painting here."
(It's a possible idea.)

Use would and wouldn't to give

advice. For example:
"I would put it here." (In my opinion,
this is a good idea.)
"I wouldn't use a hammer on that
wall."

You can ask yes/no questions with

should, could, and would. For
example:
"Should I hang the painting near my
bed?" "Yes, you should." / "No, you
shouldn't."
"Could it go there, on the wall?" "Yes,
it could." / "No, it couldn't."
"Would you hang this painting in the
kitchen?" "Yes, I would." / "No, I
wouldn't."
could you "Would you hang this painting in the
kitchen?" "Yes, I would." / "No, I
should i
wouldn't."
what would i
Podrías
To ask an information question, use a
debería question word (what, where, why,
etc.) and should / could / would.
¿Qué haría yo?
"Where should I put this painting?"
"How could I hang this painting up?"
MODALDS FOR ADVICE
"What would you do?"
Use should and shouldn't to give
advice.
"You should hang the painting over EN ESPAÑOL
there." (It's good idea.)
 Usa should y shouldn't para dar
"You shouldn't leave it in the closet." consejos.
"Deberías colgar la pintura allí". (Es
una buena idea.)
Use could to give advice.
"No deberías dejarlo en el armario".
"We could hang the painting here."
(It's a possible idea.)
 Usa COULD para dar consejos.
Use would and wouldn't to give Podríamos colgar el cuadro aquí. (Es
advice. una idea posible.)
"I would put it here." (In my opinion,
this is a good idea.)
 Usa would y wouldn't para dar
"I wouldn't use a hammer on that consejos.
wall."
"Yo lo pondría aquí". (En mi opinión,
esta es una buena idea).
You can ask yes/no questions with "Yo no usaría un martillo en esa
should, could, and would. pared".
"Should I hang the painting near my
bed?" "Yes, you should." / "No, you
shouldn't."
"Could it go there, on the wall?" "Yes,
it could." / "No, it couldn't."
 Puede hacer preguntas de sí/no
con debería, podría y haría.
"¿Debería colgar el cuadro cerca de
A: Is it OK to leave my purse in your
mi cama?" "Si deberías." / "No, no
car?
deberías".
B: No, you shouldnt leave it there.
"¿Podría ir allí, en la pared?" "Sí,
You'll need it in the store!
podría". / "No, no podría".
"¿Cuelgarías este cuadro en la
cocina?" "Sí, lo haría." / "No, no lo A: Oh, no! I've lost my phone. What
haría". can I do?
B: You could try calling it. Maybe
someone will answer.
 Para hacer una pregunta de
información, use una palabra
interrogativa (qué, dónde, por qué,
A: I have a bad headache. What
etc.) y debería/podría/habría.
should I do?
"¿Dónde debo poner esta pintura?"
B: Well, I would drink some water.
"¿Cómo podría colgar este cuadro?"
"¿Qué harías?"
Public transportation
The opposite of arrival is departure.
When you book a table at a
restaurant, you make a reservation.
You can get on a plane, bus, or ship
in a terminal.
Modals for advice
We use the modal should to say that
something is a good idea.
We use the modal could to say that
something is a possibility.
Use wouldn't to give advice on what is
a bad idea.
RESUMEN:
Public transportation
The opposite of arrival is departure.
When you book a table at a
restaurant, you make a reservation.
You can get on a plane, bus, or ship
in a terminal.
Modals for advice
We use the modal should to say that
something is a good idea.
We use the modal could to say that
something is a possibility.
Use wouldn't to give advice on what is
a bad idea.

Let's review the ways we can ask for
and give directions.
When you want to ask for directions,
you can start questions like this:
Do you know how to get to meeting
room C?
How do I get to the stairs?
Which way is the elevator?
Do you know which floor the cafeteria
is on?
To give someone directions, you can
use phrasal verbs like "go down," or
"go through" with expressions like "on
your/the left."
Go down that hallway, and they're on
your right.
Go through the lobby, and it's on the
left.
When we give directions, we can also use
imperative verbs like walk, take, or turn.
Read the conversation and notice how
these verbs are used.
A: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get
to the post room?
B: Sure. Take the elevator to the ground
floor, then walk down to the end of the
corridor. Turn left and walk past the
bathroom. The post room is on your right.
A: Great, thanks.
When you're ready, continue to the next
part of the lesson to practice asking for
and giving directions.
Can you tell me how to get to the front
desk?
In this part of the lesson, you're going to
learn how to say words with a consonant
cluster at the start of the word.
Consonant clusters are groups of
consonant sounds with no vowel sounds,
for example, /str/ at the beginning of the
word "street."
Now listen and focus on the sounds at the
start of the words. These are consonant
clusters.
1 floor front
2 stairs street
3 through shred