I.

Introduction and Research Question

 Overview of project

Prior to Covid-19, Vietnam's tourist sector saw tremendous expansion and made major
contributions to the country's gross domestic product (Huynh, Nguyen, Truong and Dao, 2021).
After reverting to a new normal in 2022, as a result of the pandemic's two-year reduction of
travel demand, The tourist sector is showing signs of a more sustained revival. The economy is
improving since tourists keep coming back even after the pandemic has passed. Leisure travel is
a new kind of travel that has evolved because of the tourist industry's fast expansion. The term
was developed in a 2009 Future Laboratory essay in which Miriam Ryman contributed to the
early conceptualization (Morgan, 2022). The word "bleisure" refers to travel that combines work
and pleasure. Adding a vacation to your work trip, either before, during, or after your business
trip. Recent months have seen a dramatic rise in leisure time due to the pandemic, as more
people are working from home and others are starting to travel again. This idea, which emerged
in 2009, has quickly become widespread in the realm of business travel. This fad lacks scholarly
support for its existence, despite the fact that it has gained widespread popularity. The number of
leisure tourists has increased by over 40% between 2016 and 2018 and other figures indicate that
around 60% of all business visits are converted into leisure excursions in 2018 (Wein, 2022).
However, I realized that bleisure may be a useful tool in human resource management after
witnessing numerous coworkers exhibit symptoms of stress and one employee leave work due to
stress. I realized the significance of conducting additional research into this matter after hearing
complaints from coworkers who are frequently sent on business trips, as well as a few instances
in which coworkers stated that they wished they could stay for a few additional days due to the
occupational circumstances at the destination. To put it another way, the hypothesis is that the
concept of leisure can be used to improve employee happiness and morale. It has been stated that
the intrinsic value of leisure travel lies in the fact that it allows employees to extend their
vacation without adding additional work. The result is an improvement in quality of life.

One of the world's luxury hotel brands, Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts, which is part of IHG
Hotels & Resorts, recently conducted a survey of its customers. The results showed that 65% of
millennials (those between the ages of 25 and 44) and 59% of Gen Z consumers (those between
the ages of 18 and 24) are more likely to work for companies that offer their employees more
flexible work schedules and the option to work while on vacation.
Over a third of respondents, or 35%, concur that there are numerous benefits to working while
traveling abroad. 36% of respondents responded that they would spend an additional two to three
days on leisure and travel activities if their vacation coincided with future work visits. Business
travel is back on the rise, but this time with a new twist. One of the most opulent hotel chains in
the world, Crowne Plaza, is planning a new line of fusion-friendly amenities and design for its
guests. For gatherings, get-togethers, breaks, and unwinding, the Court Work area hall has all
that you want, including a confidential Studio region with a plan that advances inventiveness, a
spot for visitors to cooperate. The decor of the Crowne Plaza is ideal for intimate gatherings
where guests can get to know each other. With its three distinct areas, the company's patented
WorkLife Room is designed to maximize productivity, relaxation, and rest.

 Research question

‘‘How does the idea of leisure tourism impact potential travelers' motivation and quality of
life?’’
Objective: This study will provide important information on "bleisure" travel and how it may be
used to improve workers' quality of life and productivity in the workplace.
II. Literature Review
a. Conceptualizing Bleisure Tourism
According to Bauman, which is cited in Franklin, 2003, p. 21, "Tourism is everything, and
everything is tourism."
Tourism has evolved over time to reflect perceptions of increased mobility and globalization.
WTTC (2018) states that tourism is now one of the largest economic sectors in the world,
employing 313 million people and contributing 10.4% of global GDP. Many authors have tried
to define what a tourist is and what tourism is, so many of them are criticized as being out of date
(Franklin, 2003). Mobility and globalization in the tourism industry are also important factors, as
they are being developed annually and determining the scale of the growing number of travelers.
Scholars know that low-cost airlines and an increase in the number of airports and destinations
are contributing to an increase in the number of physical travelers worldwide (Larsen, 2014).
New forms of tourism are constantly emerging as a result of rapid mobility and globalization,
which only serves to complicate and broaden the study of tourism and how it should be defined
(Larsen, 2014; UNWTO, 2018). As a result, despite the industry's rapid growth and increased
accessibility to travel, problems like negative effects on the environment and health are likely to
worsen rather than decrease (Larsen, 2014; UNWTO, 2018).
I have decided to conduct a more in-depth literature review on a variety of relevant identified
forms of tourism, including leisure, business, and leisure, in accordance with the topic of this
thesis's research.
b. Leisure Tourism
The majority of studies have distinguished between tourism and leisure as distinct concepts that
"separate the characteristics of home (daily leisure) and away (tourism)." The idea that people
travel in search of something "absolutely opposite to their ordinary leisure and their ordinary
life" is a central tenet of this article. As a result, some academics contend that tourism is a
distinct form of leisure with distinct shared characteristics in terms of experience, motivation,
and behavior.
Chang & Chung cite academics who believe that people who engage in particular leisure
activities are more likely to engage in such activities during similar holidays. Due to the
popularity of jogging as a form of recreation, hotels now frequently offer gym access as part of
their amenities packages. According to Chang and Chung (2018), "the Leisure and 11 Tourism
Continuum, by subjective standards, attitudes, personality, and deeply ingrained habits" is used
to describe the interaction between leisure and travel on page 293. As per Chang and Chung
(2018) on page 293, an assortment of profoundly imbued propensity ways of behaving, like
interactive abilities and active work, happen unexpectedly in vacationer settings. When
developing leisure facilities, this should be taken into account. Vacation activities include outside
activities like golfing and window shopping, as well as physical and behavioral routines like
reading and watching television.
c. Bleisure Tourism
In the existing literature on the subject, there are rudimentary examples of a trend toward
"bleisure tourism." According to scholars (Gmelch & Kaul, 2018), Early visitors to the shrine of
St. Thomas Becket were medieval pilgrims like those in Chaucer's The Canterbury Tale, spiritual
exploration, and adventure. Additionally, leisure studies indicate that people of all ages take part
in this type of vacation. As a result, little is known about the alleged expanding leisure travel
industry. 14 is a significant enough number, particularly among millennials, to call for additional
investigation into a particular age component.
According to research by Egencia and Expedia (2013), the most probable participants are leisure
travelers aged 18 to 30. Three different age groups were given the identical question on their
propensity to turn a business trip into a vacation. Those between the ages of 31 and 45 (51%) and
those between the ages of 46 and 65 (37%) were more likely to say they would not prolong their
business trip. To adapt tourist services to the more professional and recreational market we now
see, it is argued that a better knowledge of the behavior of leisure visitors is important in light of
the changing environment. "many hotels and service providers recognize the value of this sector
and provide incentives for travellers to prolong their stay for personal interest during business
visits and for leisure-oriented activities," as stated by Lichy & McLeay (2018) on page 11.
According to Lichty and McLeay (2018), the tourist business still doesn't provide enough niche
options for customers.
d. Workplace motivation with bleisure travel
It has been stated that while the traveler is away, it is common for both the traveler and his or her
domestic friends and family to experience feelings of isolation and disconnection. Based on these
findings, the idea of leisure tourism is seen as a tool that can help workers feel less isolated from
their loved ones by giving them more time to spend at the destination with them. However, there
is currently a lack of academic research on the topic of leisure tourism's impact on employee
motivation due to the novelty of the idea.
This paragraph therefore reviews academic literature on leisure tourism and its effects on
employees. According to Chen, Petrick, & Shahvali (2014), there is a notable lack of academic
research that comprehensively examines the use of tourism as a stress reliever, particularly with
an emphasis on employees. These authors attempted to investigate a topic that had not been
thoroughly researched and discovered the following: By providing an opportunity to mentally
disconnect from work, leisure trips contribute significantly to employee motivation; Weekend
outings are just as effective as longer outings at relieving work-related stress (Chen et al., 2014).
More importantly, an employee's satisfaction with a trip as a whole increases when he or she is
able to choose the dates of trips and vacations on his or her own (Etzion, 2003). As a result, the
employee may be able to detach from work more and better release stress related to work.
According to Etzion (2003), businesses will be able to maintain long-term employee productivity
in the workplace by encouraging workers to take a few short breaks throughout the year.
e. Relationships Between Happiness and Experience Abroad
According to Nawijn & Veenhoven (2013), there are three distinct phases when discussing the
travel experience: pre-trip, during the trip, and post-trip. This approach extends the trip as such,
which means that the trip lasts for a few more days and the experiences associated with it last
longer than the trip itself. Nawijn & Veenhoven (2013) assert that traveling directly impacts an
individual's happiness as a result of this strategy. However, it should be emphasized that the
traveling effect on QoL only lasts for a short time. "The benefits of a'very loose' occasion trip
last maximum for a large length of time," regardless of how long an excursion lasts.
Consequently, analysts contend that taking numerous more limited excursions all through the
year is superior to requiring one enormous get-away once every year to increment satisfaction.
According to the studies, people who are more content travel more than those who are less
content.
Although QoWL is a broad concept and some of its perspectives are not that much tied directly
to work but nonetheless sometimes influence job satisfaction, it is generally agreed that QoWL is
an important aspect of the QoL (Ruevius and Valiukaite, 2017). The authors of their study
conclude that working contributes positively to QoL.
The amount of time required to commute is another factor that affects work-life balance. Drobni
et al. (2010) claim that because it results in an unsatisfactory balance between work and personal
life, long commutes have a negative impact on employees' quality of life (QoL). In this way,
considering excursions for work as far as its driving time, it ought to have significantly more
grounded negative influence on QoL by raising awkwardness among work and family.

 Literature gap

Bleisure is a new definition to readers although it describes a concept that has been around for
some time. Given the newness of the concept, there is currently a dearth of academic study on
the subject of bleisure tourism's effect on employee motivation and quality of life. This paper
will narrow this gap by conducting research on the after-effect of bleisure tourism to give
recommendations for not only individuals but also employers and tourism businesses.
III. Data collection and Methods
The goal of this study is to learn more about the idea of leisure travel and how it can be used to
improve employees' lives and boost productivity at work. This exploration utilizes the essential
strategy and gathers quantitative information since it takes into consideration gathering countless
respondents.
Primary data are utilized. Since the researcher himself or herself collected the data, the results
from the original data are trustworthy. However, there is a caveat: Traditional research may
require a lot of time.
Google Forms are used to conduct the survey, which is sent to respondents in Vietnam's North,
Central, and South with ages ranging from 24 to over 40 years old. The respondent is someone
who falls into at least two of the following categories: (1) working part-time or full-time jobs; (2)
feeling stressed out at work; (3) wanting to mix work and play; and (4) working remotely. The
following categories received the survey: First, 40 percent of respondents are current employees
of my family-owned business. Second, on Facebook groups, 20 percent of respondents were
businessmen and businesswomen. Thirdly, 20% of respondents report experiencing symptoms of
stress at work. Last but not least, the remainder was distributed to classmates who wished to
unwind while on a business trip.
Two of the first 42 answers must be tossed out on account of errors. The requirement that most
samples include at least 30 but no more than 500 people is met by the 40-person sample (Sekaran
& Bougie, 2016; Ali Memon et al., 2020). The survey employs nominal and ordinal questions for
descriptive analysis. According to Liddell & Kruschke (2018), many different fields, including
education, psychology, health, economics, consumer choice, and many others, use ordinal data
frequently. The data collection is going according to plan, as evidenced by the survey link in the
appendix for the forms.
Lastly, on the survey form, ‘‘you are males or females’’ question has a display error. However, it
has no effect on the research's overall findings.
IV. Data Analysis and Discussion
This part is divided into two parts: background information and analysis to explain the results
collected from the survey.
Background information
There are 67 answers collected from the survey. There is a mistake by the researcher when the
first 26 answers were created to test the usage of this form. However, this does not affect the
results of the whole report, but only the results of this question. After removing the invalid
answer, there are 41 valid answers, of which 17 of the respondents are female and 24 of them are
male. Among 41 respondents, the majority of them are full-time workers accounting for 70% of
the total and the rest are part-time workers, which is accounted for nearly 30%. Researchers have
found that there is a big difference between knowledge, perspective, and attitude between full-
time and part-time workers. Therefore, this study will highlight this difference in the analysis.

Analysis
Bleisure acknowledgement
In this question, the respondents were asked if they have ever heard about the term "bleisure
traveling". Most of the people claimed that they do not know about this term, which accounted
for 53,7%. Breakdown into two types of employment, the majority of full-time workers have not
heard about bleisure traveling before. On the other hand, the number of part-time employees
acknowledged about bleisure traveling is higher than that of those who do not know. It seems
that this term is more common among part-time laborers who have flexible work context.
Bleisure experienced
Although the term bleisure travel is quite unpopular, most of the employees claimed that they
experienced this type of travel. Surprisingly, the number of full-time workers who experienced
bleisure travel accounted for the majority meanwhile, that of part-time workers equally divided
into two categories. It can be seen from the chart that there is a trend among full-time laborers to
combine business travel and leisure purposes.
Bleisure consideration
In the next question, the respondents were asked if they would consider combining leisure and
business travel. Most of them claimed that they would take this opportunity if they have a
chance. Yet, the rate of full-time workers considering this option is double that of those who said
no. Meanwhile, this rate amongst part-time workers is quite similar. The results witnessed that
there is a trend of full-time workers who are more willing to take bleisure travel into their
consideration. About a 17% gap between those who have the demand for bleisure trips and who
actually have the opportunity to experience that. There is an opportunity to grow.
Networking bleisure
In this part, there is no big difference between full-time employees and part-time employees
when the majority of them claimed that the purpose of bleisure travel is networking. The firm
considers bleisure as networking opportunity for their employees, increasing business
cooperation relationships, therefore, increasing work performance.
Stress symptoms when traveling with work
Most of the respondents replied that they experienced stress symptoms when traveling with
work. This index is recorded higher amongst full-time employees, who seems to have more
pressure with their job compared with part-time workers. Bleisure trip can be an effective tool to
release stress for their full-time employees (those who has a consequence to have long-term
relationships with company).

Work traveling and family factors

In this part, the effect of work traveling on the employee's personal life will be analyzed. First of
all, conflict with family and friends would be caused by the high frequency of work traveling.
The majority of both full-time and part-time laborers have experienced this conflict before.
Secondly, there is a high proportion of demand for bleisure traveling, the rate of those workers
taking their leisure business trip with family is still lower than the rate of its demand. There are
many factors that influence the decision to bring your family along on these trips although they
already had many conflicts caused by work travel.
Workers attitudes with after taking bleisure trips
In the first question of this part, the respondents were asked if how did they feel when returning
after bleisure travels. The results turned out quite positively. Most of the respondents stated that
they are happy after the trips. Only about 32% said they were neutral to very unhappy. This
could be one of the reason for the corporations to encourage their employees to combine leisure
with business trips to release stress.
Secondly, most of the respondents are excited to plan a bleisure travel than a standard business
trip, which accounted for 61% of the respondents. The excitement when making a trip will be the
motivation for employees to complete the work faster and more efficiently

The participants were then asked whether or not they would consider it a non-monetary incentive
tool if their employer paid for their lengthy bleisure travels. Several people who filled out the
survey said they would be motivated by financial incentives like free vacations.

Furthermore, a similar proportion of respondents also agreed that if if their company supports
those trips, they will be willing to extend the trips for leisure activities.
Again, bleisure is claimed to be one of the contributors to employees' working skills as the
respondents agreed with this statement. Therefore, the steering committees can take this into
account as one of the factors to increase their employees’ performance and working skills.

More than half of those surveyed gave the statement, "The ability to conduct bleisure vacations
would make me more loyal to my employer," a score of 4 or 5 on the Likert scale. The HR team
may use this information to think about how to best promote employee loyalty.
The survey's last question probed respondents' beliefs about bleisure travel and whether or not it
may increase motivation and job happiness, hence strengthening respondents' loyalty to their
employer. Sixty-one percent or more of the participants agreed with this assertion. Employees
that are loyal to their firm go above and beyond in their job to ensure its success.

To sum up the result of the survey, new findings would be highlighted in this part of the report.
Although the rate of people who know about the definition of "bleisure travel" is low, most of
them actually had a chance to involve in bleisure trip before and they are likely to consider this
opportunity whenever they have business trips. For working people, bleisure travel is not only
for them to combine vacation and work, but also an opportunity for them to develop business and
life relationships. The survey shows that employees are under a lot of pressure because they have
to work away from home for too long with a high frequency, especially those who work full-
time. In addition, bleisure trips are considered to have many benefits not only for individuals but
also for businesses. Most employees agreed that bleisure trip is one of the factors can increase
their business satisfaction, work motivation and performance. Businesses also benefit a lot from
these trips, such as high work efficiency, increasing their employee's satisfaction and loyalty.
Quality criteria
Reliability
Reliability is the consistency of the results gathered from the research (which can be reproduced
under the same conditions). The researcher makes sure that the planned study adheres to the
AAOCC (Accuracy, Authority, Objectivity, Currency and Coverage) criteria in order to
guarantee its reliability. By suggesting this standard, the research's data will be more trustworthy
because only dependable and legitimate sources will be taken into account.
Validity
It is crucial to ensure the research's validity because improperly screened data may communicate
the incorrect message. Some of the methods we can make sure the research's material is reliable.
adopting a documented and organized study record-keeping approach. Data can be displayed
exactly as it is in this manner.

V, Ethics
From planning to analysis to reporting, every stage of a research project presents ethical
challenges. Anonymity, confidentiality, informed consent, and the possibility of researchers
having an impact on participants are among these concerns. When I wanted to conduct a survey
for my quantitative study, I ran into two ethical issues: maintaining confidentiality and obtaining
informed consent. This is because the short response text in my survey lets participants freely
contribute their own ideas. According to Rana, Dilshad, and Ahsan (2002), two of these issues
are the typical difficulties that researchers encounter when developing surveys.
Ethical standards are ensured by my research methodology. First, an ethical form, which can be
found in the Appendix, was sent to the module instructor prior to creating the survey to ensure
that my research adheres to the ethical guidelines. Then, when I sent the survey to people or
groups, I made sure to tell them ahead of time what the survey was about and its goals. The
survey does not require a personal email address, so respondents are guaranteed to provide
private information. In addition, at the beginning of the survey, participants read the researcher's
commitment to confidentiality and privacy, with 100% of them agreeing. Any time they want,
participants can demand that researchers remove their answers. The data are restored in a private
Excel sheet, and only the researcher has access to it. Google Forms will delete all data and
responses once this assessment's tasks have been completed and completed. I was so close to
making an unethical error that this assessment gave me the opportunity to conduct practical
research. That's when I realized how little I knew about using Google Forms to create surveys.
Once I had completed the survey and was ready to submit it, I saw that it had initially given
respondents access to the replying page. This means that those who have completed the review
will be able to examine the replies of the remaining 13 participants. When I realized there were
problems, I quickly put a hold on distributing the survey and found a method to turn it off. I
found out on my own that I had only sent emails to five people and only received one response.
Even though all participants are kept anonymous, this could still violate the ethical rule that
respondents must keep their information confidential.
VI. Critical evaluations
There were some minor concerns happening during the research process. First of all, it was my
error not to include a question about whether or not the respondents were under the age of 18 on
the survey form. However, in order to ensure ethical considerations for my research, I have
remedied the issue by providing my survey only to coworkers who are at least 18 years old.
Secondly, there was a mistake when the researcher test the usage of Google Forms, which lead to
the first 26 invalid answers including in the results. Luckily, this only affects the results of the
first question, not the whole survey so the research process is not too much of a hindrance.
However, if the research was done without this mistake, the research analysis would have been
better if the researcher can analyze the results from each gender.
VII, Conclusion and Reflection
This chapter provides a response to the key study question posed in the introduction: how does
the notion of leisure tourism impact the motivation and quality of life of prospective leisure
travelers?
The research presented in this thesis demonstrates that the idea of leisure is multifaceted and
potent. It's not unexpected that this has an impact on employees' motivation. that most results
support the idea that the independence, variety, and destination-specificity of leisure travel lead
to higher levels of professional motivation.
Furthermore, the research analysis has shown different behavior and attitudes of full-time and
part-time workers within an organization. Full-time workers – who are more likely to have more
pressure at work and less time for their own and family, has more demand on bleisure travels,
which help them balance work and life. It is suggested for organizations to encourage and
sponsor for their employees to participate in bleisure trips not only to release stress but also to
increase businesses relationships, work performance, employee’s motivation and loyalty. For
tourism businesses, this paper has proven a new potential customer segment, are individuals
working in organizations that have to go on business trips often or businesses with employees
who often travel for work. Their marketing and sales department can target this new customer
segments to offer suitable packages (e.g. family packages) whenever they travel for work.
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VIII. Appendix

 Link of the survey for data collection questionnaires:

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/
1FAIpQLSepLaiFstvcCDSfPxZO8Syg7dTwOkZwiUduXpL5ygd_PX1Wgw/viewform?
usp=sf_link

 Ethical form verified by module lecturer:

 Word count: 4605