8

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 4
Biodiversity
Science – Grade 8
Self-Learning Module, First Edition 2021
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Biodiversity

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over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jesse B. Castro

Editors: Adelina D. Vinluan, EdD
Maggie M. Bautista
Reviewers: Elvira C. Viray, EdD
Catherine B. Operaña, EdD
Jerry R. Junio, PhD
Management Team
OIC, Schools Division Superintendent: Ely S. Ubaldo, CESO VI
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Marciano U. Soriano Jr., CESO VI
Chief Education Supervisor, CID: Carmina C. Gutierrez, EdD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS: Michael E. Rame, EdD
Education Program Supervisor, Science: Jerry R. Junio, PhD
District Supervisor: Catherine B. Operaña, EdD
School Head/Head Teacher in-Charge: Elvira C. Viray, EdD
Adelina D. Vinluan, EdD

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education - Schools Division Office 1

Pangasinan
Office Address: Alvear St., East Capitol Grounds, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telefax: (075) 522-2202
E-mail Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
 8

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 4
Biodiversity
Introductory Message
Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Biodiversity!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Note to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on the Biodiversity!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create,
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity, or a
situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice

to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the exercises
using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled into process what
you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned. This also tends retention of learned
concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with your mind. It is here to help you
master Biodiversity. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations.
This module contains:
 : Week 4: Lesson 1 – Naming and Classifying Organisms
 Explain the concept of a species (S8LT-IVg-19)
 Classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system (S8LT-
IVh-20)
 WEEK 5-Lesson 2-Protection and Conservation of Rare and
Economically Important Species.
 Explain the advantage of high biodiversity in maintaining the stability
of an ecosystem. (S8LT-IVh-21)
 Describe the Transfer of Energy through the Trophic Levels.
(S8LT- IVi-22)

What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a piece of paper.
1. Those organisms which have more similarities are closely related to each
other. Which is considered the largest category into which organisms have
been classified?
a. Class b. Domain c. Kingdom d. Phylum
2. Families consist of several genera (genus), and each genus comprise the
smallest group of various organisms. Which of the following is being referred
to the smallest group of organisms in the classification?
a. Class b. Genus c. Order d Species
3. Based from the early studies, scientists came up with the three-domain
system of classification. Which of the following refers to this?
a. Animalia – Chordata – Mammalia c. Kingdom-Phylum-Class
b. Archaea – Bacteria – Eukarya d. Eukaryotes-Prokaryotes
4. Scientific names of organisms consist of two names. Which of the following
is referred to as the way of naming organisms?
a. Binomial System of Classification c. Scientific Name
b. Kingdom-Phylum System d. Three-Domain of Classification
5. Which of the following is an example of species name of organism?
a. Canidae b. familiaris c. Mammalia d. Panthera
6. Identify the correct pair of words base on naming organisms.
a. genus : species c. mammal : chordates
b. kingdom : class d. order : genus
7. Which of the following is not being considered in classifying organisms?
a. Complexity of organisms’ body c. Mode of nutrition
b. Major ecological role d. Name of scientist who discovered
 8. Which is the largest group in the classification of organisms?
a. Genus b. Class c. Family d. Kingdom
9. How is the scientific name of organisms being written?
a. Using Greek language c. Italicized
b. Using Roman language d. Using English Language
10. Who was the scientist who made a great contribution in naming organisms?
a. Alexander Fleming c. Charles Darwin
b. Carolus Linnaeus d. Robert Hooke
11. If humans and monkeys belong to the same class, then, they must belong to
the same ____.
a. genus b. family c. order d. phylum
12. In the binomial system of classification, an organism is given two names.
What is it composed of?
a. genus and species name c. family and genus name
b. order and species name d. class and species name
13. Which among the following areas of taxonomy refers to the giving of names
to living organisms?
a. Identification b. Nomenclature c. Classification d. Taxon
14. All of the following are the threats to biodiversity EXCEPT:
a. Overexploitation b. Population c. Sanctuaries d. Alien species
15. Which of the following is the basic unit of classification?
a. class b. genus c. family d. species

Lesson
Biodiversity
1
What’s In
A Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus, introduced a system of classifying living
things. He was the first to classify living things using structural similarity as basis.
There are two important features in his wok – the classification of living things by
levels and the binomial nomenclature. There are seven levels of classification (Table
1.1). This taxonomic concept of Linnaeus places each organism in a series of
hierarchically arranged categories, which according to him would reflect the degree
of kinship among organisms.
Table 1.1 The Different Levels of Classification

Levels Composition
Kingdom a group of related phyla.
Phylum a group of related classes
Class a group of related orders
Order a group of related families
Family a group of related genera
Genus a group of related species
 Species a group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and
producing fertile offspring
Each category or level is called a taxon (plural = taxa), which is a general
term for any level of classification.

Table 1.2 Sample Classification of Organisms

Category Dog Bangus Lion

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Actinopterygii Mammalia
Order Carnivora Gonorynchiformis Carnivora
Family Canidae Chanidae Felidae
Genus Canis Chanos Panthera
Species familiaris chanos leo

What’s New?
ACTIVITY 1
Let’s Look and List!
LIST OF ANSWERS
B I O D I V E R S I T Y
C A K B C D E F P A D F 1._________________
L V B I N L E V E L S J 2.____________ _____
A B N M N B N F C G P K
S F W H A G K T I R H L 3._________________
S A O J G J D H E F Y M 4._________________
R M G K S Q O O S G L N
B I J L G K M F M D U O 5._________________
Y L Q Y H W A K G K M P 6._________________
T Y G T F G I L K H L Q
R H F R L H N A L J N S 7._________________
A D C E K E T Z E F M R 8.________________
B N R G G E N U S H F F
0 R D E R A S W F J B G

What is It

All living things or the biotic components of the ecosystem have varying
characteristics. These organisms are made of cells, tissues, and organs to properly
function and adapt to their environment. Their adaptability allows them to survive
to the changing climate.
 This module gives introduction on the study of biodiversity. This will discuss
how the organisms are named and classified based on categories such as domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Activities prepared in this
module compare organisms from one another and describe their characteristics. It
will identify the beneficial and harmful effects that these organisms do to humans,
other animals and plants.

Further, this module will make us recognize the importance of biodiversity in

our daily lives and help us realize our roles in the preservation and protection of our
environment.

Biodiversity comprise the richness of life on earth in different levels from genes
to ecosystems. Species in each ecosystem continuously interact to survive extinction.
Classifying Living Organisms

Has your mother ever told you to be organized? Most mothers would always
remind their children to keep their rooms clean and put things in their proper places
to be more organized. In science, the process of grouping and putting things in order
is called classification. This concept of grouping things can be useful in your life, in
your studies or in your home. Classification is actually a skill that you will practice
for a lifetime. There will be total chaos, confusion and disarray in the living world in
the absence of classification. There are more than ten million (10M) different species
of plants and animals that exist on earth, and with this existing diversity of
organisms, and more new organisms being discovered each day, a system for
organizing living things is more than a necessity.

These classifications or categories consist of the domain, kingdom, phylum,

class, order, family, genus and species.

The domain is the largest category into which organisms have been classified.
This is followed by the kingdom category subdivided into various phyla (sing.
phylum). A phylum consists of different classes, each class with several order with
different families. Families consist of several genera (sing. genus) and each genus
comprises the smallest group of various species.
A species is a group of similar organisms and capable of reproducing their
own kind. These means only members of the same species can mate and produce
fertile offspring. The dog, waling-waling (an orchid), milkfish (local name, bangus),
rice plant and humans like you are examples of a species.

With the information available about organisms from the early studies to the
present scientists came up with the three-domain system of classification. Before,
organisms were only grouped into eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Most prokaryotes
are tiny and unicellular, thus, are referred to as microorganisms. A lot of eukaryotes
are multicellular, thus, are large in size because of the greater number of cells their
bodies contain.
Recently, prokaryotes have been divided into two domains, namely: Archaea
and Bacteria. The eukaryote group was retained and now consists the third domain
( Eukarya ) that includes protists, fungi, plants and animals.
 What’s More

Activity 2

Complete the table. You may use any reference material for your answer.

Category Cow Wolf Domesticated Cat

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

What I Have Learned

Let’s find out what you have learned from our lesson. Can you answer the following
questions?

Direction:

Write T if the statement is correct and F if incorrect.

___ 1. Taxonomy is the science that deals with the study of classification.
___ 2. Gregor Mendel is the father of taxonomy.
___ 3. Felis catus is the scientific name of house cat.
___ 4. The old way of classifying organisms is by sorting them into three groups:
vegetative, animal and rational.
___ 5. Living things can be classified currently into five major kingdoms.

Lesson Protection and Conservation of

Rare and Economically Important

2 Species.

What’s In
In the earlier grades you learned that among different ecosystems the highest
biodiversity is the rainforest. It means that it has a greatest number of species living
there. Rainforest have lots of plant in them, and this condition provides shelter, water
and food to many species that can survive disasters as well as competition with other
species.
Due to the importance of biodiversity, it is necessary that you know how to
conserve them. Conservation and sustainable use of our resources are the keys to
protecting our biodiversity.
There are two strategies for the conservation and protection of biodiversity:

1.Ex-situ Conservation- this refers to the protection of species in artificial

conditions or outside their natural habitats such as in botanical gardens, zoos and
aquaria.

2.In-situ Conservation –It is the preservation of natural populations and

communities in the world, this is vital to the survival of species that are hard to
maintain in the captivity.

Conservation efforts aim to protect species that are endangered

What’s More

Activity 3
Which has much?
Given two communities A and B, compare the diversity:
 Community A consists of five (5) different species with a total of 100
individuals. Each species has 20 individuals.
 Community B consists of ten (10) different species with a total of 100
individuals.
1. Which community has greater species diversity? Support your answer.

The Transfer of Energy through the Trophic Levels

 The amount of energy at each trophic level decreases as it moves through an
ecosystem. As little as 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is transferred to
the next level; the rest is lost largely through metabolic processes as heat. If a
grassland ecosystem has 10,000 kilocalories (kcal) of energy concentrated in
vegetation, only about 1,000 kcal will be transferred to primary consumers, and very
little (only 10 kcal) will make it to the tertiary level. Energy pyramids such as this
help to explain the trophic structure of an ecosystem: the number of consumer
trophic levels that can be supported is dependent on the size and energy richness of
the producer level.

Assessment

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on separate
sheet of paper.

1. He was the scientist who made a great contribution in naming organisms?

a. Alexander Fleming c. Charles Darwin
b. Carolus Linnaeus d. Robert Hooke
2. If humans and monkeys belong to the same class, then, they must belong to
the same ____.
a. genus b. family c. order d. phylum
3. In the binomial system of classification, an organism is given two names.
What is it composed of?
a. species and genus name c. family and genus name
b. order and species name d. class and species name
4. Which among the following areas of taxonomy refers to the giving of names
to living organisms?
a. Identification b. Nomenclature c. Classification d. Taxon
5. All of the following are the threats to biodiversity EXCEPT:
a. Overexploitation b. Population c. Sanctuaries d. Alien species
6. Which of the following is the basic unit of classification?
a. class b. genius c. family d. species
 7. Organisms which have more similarities are closely related to each other.
Which is considered the largest category into which organisms have been
classified?
a. Class b. Domain c. Kingdom d. Phylum
8. Families consist of several genera (genus), and each genus comprise the
smallest group of various organisms. Which of the following is being referred
to the smallest group of organisms in the classification?
a. Class b. Genus c. Order d. Species
9. Based from the early studies, scientists came up with the three-domain
system of classification. Which of the following refers to this?
a. Animalia – Chordata – Mammalia c. Kingdom-Phylum-Class
b. Archaea – Bacteria – Eukarya d. Eukaryotes-Prokaryotes-Bacteria
10. Scientific names of organisms consist of two names. Which of the following
is referred to as the way of naming organisms?
a. Binomial System of Classification c. Scientific Name
b. Kingdom-Phylum System d. Three-Domain System of Classification
11. Which of the following is an example of species name of organism?
a. Canidae b. familiaris c. Mammalia d. panthera
12.Identify the correct pair of words base on naming organisms.
a. genus : species c. mammal : chordates
b. kingdom : class d. order : genus
13.Which of the following is not being considered in classifying organisms?
a. Complexity of organisms’ body c. Mode of Nutrition
b. Major ecological role d. Name of Scientist who discovered
14.Which is the largest group in the classification of organisms?
a. Genus c. Family
b. Class d. Kingdom
15.How is the scientific name of organisms being written?
a. Using Greek language c. Italicized
b. Using Roman language d. Using English Language
References

BOOKS
Grade 8 Science Modules Sequenced based on k-12 Curriculum 2015 Edition
by: TRU-COPY Publishing House
Practical Science Concepts and Skills
by: Luistro T. Evangelista , Phd.,et.,al
Science foe Millennials
by: Karrie Kea L. Concino, et.,al
Science Learner’s Module
by: Pia C. Campo, et.,al

LINKS
www.nationalgoegraphic.org
www.amnh.org
https://kids.britanica.com
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000273.html