PHYSICS REVIEWER

TOPICS: UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS

Physical quantity - can be expressed as a value, which is the algebraic
multiplication of a numerical value and a unit.
System of units - is a set of related units that are used for calculations.
Mass - is a dimensionless quantity representing the amount of matter in a particle
or object.
Topics: Vectors
A vector is a quantity or phenomenon that has two independent properties:
magnitude and direction.
A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction in space.
A physical quantity described by a single number is a scalar quantity.
Antiparallel - When two vectors have opposite direction, regardless of if their
magnitudes are the same or not, we say they are.
Law of Cosine - is used to find one side of a triangle when two sides are known
and the included angle.
Law of Sine - is used to find when two angles and one opposite side is given, or
two sides and an opposite angle is given.
Displacement is a change in position of a point.
Topics: Units of Vectors
unit vector - It is also known as Direction Vector. A vector that has a magnitude of
1 is a unit vector.
Scalar product – yields a result that is a scalar quantity.
Vector product - yields another vector.
Right hand rule – is what we use to determine the direction of the vector product.
Topics: Motion Along a Straight Line
Motion in a straight line -w is called straight motion - If the direction of a
moving object is constant and the object is moving at a constant speed, then it is
moving in a straight line.
Average velocity - is defined to be the change in position divided by the time of
travel.
Instantaneous velocity is defined as the limit of the average velocity as time
interval approaches zero; it equals the instantaneous rate of change of position with
time,
Acceleration - When the velocity of a moving body changes with time.
Average acceleration - is defined as the change in velocity for that interval.
Instantaneous acceleration - is the limit of the average acceleration as the time
interval approaches zero.
Instantaneous speed - measures how fast a particle is moving, whereas
instantaneous velocity measures how AND in what direction is it moving.

TOPICS: Free Falling Bodies and Projectile Motion

Free Falling Bodies - is an object that is falling under the sole influence of gravity.
Motion with constant acceleration
All objects/bodies at a particular location will fall with the same downward
acceleration regardless of size or weight (air is neglected)
Constant acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s2, 980 cm/s2, 32 ft/s2
Projectile motion is the motion of an object projected into the air and moving
under the influence of gravity.
Trajectory – the path followed by a projectile.
Topics: Newtons law of motion
Force – push or pull.
Long-range forces act even when the bodies are separated by empty space.
Weight - The force of gravitational attraction that the earth exerts on your body.
Force is a vector quantity; thus, we need to describe the direction in which it acts
as well as its magnitude.
The SI unit of the magnitude of force is the newton, abbreviated as N.
Newton’s First Law – every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a
straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force.
Inertia – the tendency of a body to keep moving once its in motion result from the
property of inertia.
In equilibrium – a body is either at rest or moving in a straight line with constant
velocity.
Equilibrium – when a body is acted on by no forces, or by several forces such that
the vector sum (resultant) is zero, the body is in equilibrium.
Net force - A larger net force acting on an object causes a larger acceleration, and
objects with larger mass require more force to accelerate.
Mass - the amount of matter which is determined by its volume and density."
Newton's Third Law: Action & Reaction - His third law states that for every action
(force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Topics: Friction
Friction forces - are parallel to the surfaces in contact and oppose motion or
impending motion.
The normal force - is the force that surfaces exert to prevent solid objects from
passing through each other.
frictional force - the force perpendicular to the surface an object is sliding on.
static friction - is equal to the force the object exerts on the surface, but it has the
opposite direction.
normal force - The magnitude of the force of friction also depends on the
Normal Force.
Topics: Work, Power, and Energy
Work – as a product of the component and the magnitude of the displacement.
Displacement – when a body moves a constant act on it in the same direction.
Power is the time rate at which work is done.
Instantaneous power – when the rate of work done is not constant.

Topics; Potential energy and Energy conversion

Potential energy - stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various
parts of a system.
Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object as the result of its
vertical position or height.
Elastic potential energy is energy stored because of applying a force to deform an
elastic object.
Mechanical energy is merely the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic
energy.

Topics: Momentum, Impulse, Collision, Rigid bodies, and Law of Gravitation

momentum - it is the product of a particle mass and velocity.
1 radian - it is the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc with a length
equal to the radius of a circle.
gravitational force -every object in the universe attracts every other object with a
force directly proportional to the products of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance separating them.
An elastic collision - a type of collision where the kinetic energy is conserved.
Angular Velocity - it is defined as the time rate if angular coordinate.
Impulse - it is the product of the net force and time interval.
inelastic collision - a collision in which the total kinetic energy after the collision
is less than before the collision.
The weight of a body - it is the total gravitational force exerted on the body by all
other bodies in the universe.
Angular Acceleration - it is defined as the second derivative of angular
coordinate.
Conservation of momentum - "if the net external force a system is zero, the total
momentum of the system (The vector sum of the momentum of the individual
particles that make up the system) is constant."