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P525/1
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
Feb./Mar. 2021 S.6
2 ¾ hours.

THE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT

TEST - 2020

CHEMISTRY

Paper 1
2 hours 45 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS:

Answer all questions in this section A and six questions in section B.

All answers must be written in the spaces provided.
The Periodic Table, with relative atomic masses, is attached at the end of
the paper.
Mathematical tables (3-figure tables) are adequate or non-programmable
scientific electronic calculators may be used.
Illustrate your answers, with equations where applicable.
Where necessary, use the following;
Molar gas constant, R=8.31 JK-1mol-1.
Molar volume of a gas at s.t.p is 22.4 litres.
Standard temperature = 273K.
Standard pressure = 101325Nm-2

For Teachers’ Use Only

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total

SECTION A (46 MARKS)

 Answer all questions in this section.

1. (a) Define the term critical temperature. (01 mark)

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(b) The graph below shows isotherms of a gas.

Pressure (atm)

A 48 ℃

31.1 ℃

13 ℃

B C
Volume(m3 )

(i) On the graph above, indicate the following phases of the gas.
 liquid ( ½ mark)
 vapour ( ½ mark)
(ii) What is the critical temperature of the gas? ( ½ mark)
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(iii) Which isothermal is in accordance to Boyle’s law ? ( ½ mark)
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(c) State:
(i) what the region ABC represent? (01 mark)
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 (ii) one condition necessary for liquefying a gas. ( ½ mark)
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(iii) two factors necessary for liquefaction of a gas. (01 mark)
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2. (a) Calculate the oxidation state of:
−¿¿
(i) nitrogen in NO 2 ion (01
mark)
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2−¿¿
(ii) chromium in CrO 4 ion (01 mark)
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(b) State what is observed and in each case write equation for the
reaction that takes place when:
(i) acidified potassium dichromate(VII) solution is added to an
aqueous solution of sodium nitrite. (2 ½ marks)
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(ii) dilute hydrochloric acid is added to aqueous sodium chromate
solution . (2 ½ marks)
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3. (a) Complete the following reactions and in each case name the main
organic product.

Br2 /H 2 O
(i) ( 1½ marks)

Name of product
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(ii) ( C H 3 COO )2 Ca Heat (1 ½ marks)
Name of product
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(b) Write the mechanism for the reaction in a(i) (03 marks)
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4. (a) State Hess’s law. (01 mark)
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(b)The thermochemical data for some reactions at 298K are given below.
1 θ −1
I. CO ( g ) + 2 O ( g ) C O2 ( g ) ∆ H =−283.0 kJ mol
2

1 θ −1
II. H 2 ( g )+ 2 O ( g ) H 2 O (l ) ∆ H =−285.8 kJ mol
2
1 θ −1
III. C H 3 OH ( l ) +1 2 O ( g ) C O2 ( g ) +2 H 2 O (l ) ∆ H =−715.0 kJ mol
2

Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction below at 298K; (03 marks)

CO ( g ) +2 H 2 ( g ) C H 3 OH (l)
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5. A solution containing 0.368g of methanoic acid in 50g of benzene
freezes at 5.093° C .
(a)Calculate the relative molecular mass of methanoic acid. (03 marks)
−1 −1
(The freezing point of pure benzene is 5.533 ℃ ¿ k f =5.5 ° C mol kg )
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(b)Comment on the value in (a). (02 marks)
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6. Write equations to show how the following conversions can be
effected.
Cl
(a) to (03 marks)
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(b) C H 3 C ≡CH to C H 3 C H 2 OHC H 3 (02 marks)
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7. (a) State Raoult’s law. (1 ½ marks)
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(b) At 50 ° C , an aqueous solution of carbamide (C H 3 CON H 2) of
−3 −2
concentration 60.93 gd m has a vapor pressure of 12100 N m .
(i)Determine the vapour pressure of water at this temperature.
(03 marks)
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(ii) State the assumptions you have made in b(i). (01 mark)
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8. The table below shows the melting points of magnesium halides.
Formula of halide Mg F 2 Mg Cl 2 Mg Br 2 Mg I 2

Melting point(OC) 1263 714 711 634

(a) State how melting points vary among the halides. (01 mark)
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(b) Explain your answer in (a) . (03 marks)
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9. State what would be observed and write equation for the reaction that
would take place when the following pairs of compounds are reacted.
(a) Propanal and silver nitrate in aqueous ammonia. (02 marks)
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(b) But-2-ene and acidified manganate(VII) solution. (02 marks)
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SECTION B: (54 MARKS)
Answer any six questions from this section.
10.(a) The percentage of hydrolysis of a 0.1M aqueous solution of sodium
propanoate is 7.94 ×10−3.
(i) Write equation for the dissolution of sodium propanoate in water.
(01 mark)
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(ii) Calculate the pH of the resultant solution. (
−14 2 −6
K w =1.0× 10 mo l dm ) (03 marks)
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(b)The graph below shows pH changes during an acid-base titration.

14 Z
Y
pH

X
3 W

0 Volume of alkali added(cm3)

(i) State and explain what happens to the pH of the solution

between W and X. (2 ½ marks)
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(ii) Explain why the pH of the resultant solution at end point is above
7. (02 marks)
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(c) Name one suitable acid that was used to obtain the graph in (b).
( ½ mark)
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11. Name one reagent that can be used to distinguish between the
following pairs of ions. In each case state what would be observed if
each of the ions is treated with the reagent you have named.
(a) Fe
3 +¿¿
and Cr 3+¿ ¿ (03
marks)
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(b) Al
3 +¿¿
and Zn2+¿¿ (03 marks)
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(c) Ca
2+¿ ¿
and Ba2+¿¿ (03 marks)
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12.Name the reagent(s) that can be used to distinguish between the
following pairs of organic compounds. In each case state what is
observed when each member of the pair is separately treated with the
reagent and write equation for the reaction that takes place if any.
(a) Phenylethanol and 2-phenylpropan-2-ol (03 marks)
Reagent
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Observations
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Equation
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(b) 2-aminopropane and dimethylamine (03 marks)
Reagent
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Observations
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Equation
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(c) Phenol and benzoic acid (03 marks)
Reagent
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Observations
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Equation
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13.(a) Define the term electrolytic conductivity. (01 mark)
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(b) The table below shows the conductivity of a solution of when a small
volume of sodium hydroxide solution was added to 50 cm 3 of 0.1M
hydrochloric acid.

Volume of sodium 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
hydroxide(cm3 )
−1 −1
Conductivity(Ω cm ) 3.9 3.35 2.8 2.27 1.72 1.1 0.62 0.7 1.19 1.62 2.0
0 0 1 6

(i) Plot a graph of conductivity against volume of sodium

hydroxide. (03 marks)

(ii) Use your graph to determine the volume of sodium hydroxide used
to neutralize the acid (01 mark)
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(iii) Calculate the molarity of sodium hydroxide. (1 ½ marks)
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(c) Explain the shape of the graph. (03 marks)
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(d) State one other application of conductivity measurements .( ½ mark)
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14.The elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium
belong to group II of the Periodic Table.
(a)Write the general outermost electronic configuration of group II
elements in the Periodic Table. (01 mark)
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(b)State two reasons why beryllium differs in some of its properties from
the rest of the elements in group II of the Periodic Table.
(02 marks)
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(c)Explain why;
(i) the second and the third ionisation energies of magnesium are
1450 kJmol-1 and 7730 kJmol-1 respectively. (03 marks)
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(ii) the melting points of chlorides of the elements generally increase
from beryllium chloride to barium chloride. (03 marks)
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(d)(i) State one use of barium chloride in the laboratory. ( ½ mark)
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(ii) Write an ionic equation to support your answer in (i) (01 mark)
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15.(a) 1.363 g of compound Y containing carbon, hydrogen and bromine on
complete combustion gave 1.10g of carbon dioxide and 0.45g of water.
When 0.35g of Y was vapourised, it occupied 39.5cm 3 at 20℃ and
750mmHg. Calculate;
 (i) the simplest formula of Y (1 ½ marks)
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(ii) the molecular formula of Y (2 ½ marks)
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(b) Y forms a compound Z when treated with a mixture of potassium
hydroxide and an alcohol under reflux. Z reacts with ammoniacal silver
nitrate to form a white precipitate Q. Identify:
(i) Y……………………………………………………………………………………………………….( ½ mark)
(ii) Z……………………………………………………………………………………………………….( ½ mark)
(iii) Q……………………………………………………………………………………………………..( ½ mark)
(c) Write;
(i) equation for the reaction between Z and ammoniacal silver nitrate
solution. ( 1 ½ marks)
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(ii)the mechanism for the reaction leading to formation of Z.
(02arks)
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16. (a) (i) What is meant by the term solvent extraction? (01 mark)
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(ii) State three limitations of solvent extraction. (1 ½ marks)
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(b) A solute Q is three times as soluble in ethoxyethane as in water. An
aqueous solution containing 4.5g of Q per litre of solution was
shaken by ethoxyethane in a separating funnel. Calculate the mass
of Q that is extracted by:
(i) 50.0c m3 of ethoxyethane (02 marks)
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(ii) two successive 25.0c m3 portions of ethoxyethane.
(3 ½ marks)
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(c) State which of the extractions in (b) is more preferable. Give a
reason for your answer. (01 mark)
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17.(a) Write an equation for the reaction between water and the chloride
of:
(i) aluminium (1 ½ marks)
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(ii) sulphur (1 ½ marks)
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(iii) phosphorus (1 ½ marks)
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(b) Write an equation for the reaction between hot concentrated
sodium hydroxide solution and:
(i) aluminium (1 ½ marks)
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(ii) silicon (1 ½ marks)
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(iii) chlorine (1 ½ marks)
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