Candidate's Name:

Random No. Personal No.

··········································
Signature: · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
(Do not write your School/Centre Name or Number anywhere on this booklet)
P525/1
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
Nov. 2022
2 3/4 hrs

Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education

S.5 End of Term III Examinations 2022
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
2 hours 45 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Answer all questions in Sections A and six questions in Section B.
All questions must be answered in the spaces provided.
The Periodic Table, with relative atomic masses, is attached at the end of the paper.
Mathematical tables (3-figure table)are adequate or non-programmable scientific
electronic calculators may be used.
Illustrate your answers with equations where applicable.
Where necessary, use the following:
Molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1 .
Molar volume of gas at s.t.p is 22.4 litres.
Standard temperature = 273K.
Standard pressure = 101325 N m−2

For Examiners' Use Only

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total

©2022 KC Butiki Turn Over

 SECTION A: (46 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section

1. (a) Identify element Y in the following equation for a nuclear reaction.

235
92U + 10n 160
62Sn + 4 10n + Y (01 mark)

....................................................................
(b) An element X has three naturally occurring isotopes with isotopic masses
and relative abundances as shown below.

Isotopic mass 23.98 24.98 25.98

Relative abundance (%) 78.60 10.11 11.29

Calculate the average atomic mass of X. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

2. Complete the following equations and write IUPAC names of the major organic
product.
NaOH/CH3 OH
(a) (CH3 )3 C−I ······································· (11/2 marks)
heat

....................................................................

NaOH
(b) (CH3 )3 C−I ············································· (11/2 marks)
heat

....................................................................

LiAlH4
(c) (CH3 )3 C−I · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · (11/2 marks)
dry ether

....................................................................

2
3. (a) Define the term molar enthalpy of solution. (02 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
(b) The table below shows enthalpies of hydration of Mg and Cl ions.

Ion Mg2+ Cl−

Enthalpy of hydration (kJ mol−1 ) 1891 381
(i) State whether the values of enthalpies of hydration given in the table
above is positive ir negative. Give a reason for your answer. (02 marks)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(ii) Calculate the enthalpy of hydration of magnesium chloride. (11/2 marks)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................

4. Using equations only show how the following conversions could be carried out.
(a) Carbon to methanal. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
(b) Ethanol to benzene. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

3 Turn Over
5. (a) State Raoult's law. (01 mark)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
(b) The vapour pressure of a solution containing 108.2g of a substance Z in
1000g of water at 293K was reduced by 0.186 mmHg (The vapour pressure
of water at 293 is 17.54 mmHg).
Calculate the relative molecular mass of substance Z. (04 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

6. Write ionic equations for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and
(a) beryllium oxide (11/2 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
(b) chlorine (11/2 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
(c) chromium(III) oxide (11/2 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................

4
7. Two plugs of cotton wool, one soaked in concentrated ammonia solution and the
other soaked in concentrated hydrochloric acid, are inserted into opposite ends
of a horizontal glass tube. A disc of solid ammonium chloride forms in the tube.

(a) Write equation for the equation leading to the formation of ammonium
chloride. (11/2 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................

(b) If the tube is 1.0m long, how far from the ammonia plug is the solid
deposited? (H = 1, N = 14, Cl = 35.5) (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

8. A hydrocarbon T, with molecular formula Cx Hy , reacts with oxygen according

to the following equation:
( y) y
Cx H y + x + O2 x CO2 + H2 O
4 2
When 20cm3 of T was exploded in 200cm3 of an excess amount of oxygen, it
burnt completely with a sooty flame. The volume of the residual gas after
cooling to room temperature was 160cm3 .
When aqueous potassium hydroxide was added, the volume of the gas that
finally remained was 20cm3 .

5 Turn Over
 (a) Calculate the molecular formula of T. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
(b) When T was treated with bromine in the presence of iron(III) bromide, the
bromine was decolourised. Identify T. (01 mark)

....................................................................
....................................................................
(c) Write equation(s) to show how T can be synthesized from ethyne. (02 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

9. (a) Beryllium, magnesium, calcium and barium are some of the elements that
belong to Group II of the Periodic Table.
State how the elements react with dilute sulphuric acid and give the
conditions for the reactions. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
(b) (i) State how the solubilities of the sulphates of Group II elements vary
down the group. (01 mark)

................................................................

6
 (ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i). (02 marks)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................

SECTION B: (54 MARKS)

Answer six questions in this section

10. Complete the following equations and write a mechanism for the reaction in
each case.
H2 O/H+
(a) CH3 CH−CH2 (03 marks)
warm

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

AlCl3
(b) +Cl2 (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
conc.H2 SO4
(c) CH3 CH2 CH2 OH (03 marks)
heat

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

7 Turn Over
11. The ionic radii and enthalpies of hydration of Na, Mg and Al are given in the
table below.

Ion Na+ Mg2+ Al3+

Ionic radius (nm) 0.095 0.065 0.050
Enthalpy of hydration (kJ mol−1 ) −390 −1891 −4613
(a) Briefly explain the variation in trends of
(i) ionic radii of the ions. (02 marks)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(ii) enthalpy of hydration of the ions. (02 marks)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(b) Calculate the charge/radius ratio for
(i) Na+ (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................
(ii) Mg2+ (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................
(iii) Al3+ (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................

8
 (c) Which of the ions has
(i) the least polarizing power? (01/2 mark)

................................................................
(ii) the greatest polarizing power? (01/2 mark)

................................................................
(d) Give reasons for your answers in (c) (i) and (ii) above. (01 mark)

....................................................................
....................................................................

12. 1 mole of sulphur trioxide was introduced into 1 dm3 vessel. The vessel was
heated to 1000K until equilibrium was attained. At equilibrium 0.35 mole of
sulphur trioxide was present.
(a) Write
(i) equation for the decomposition of sulphur trioxide. (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................
(ii) an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc . (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................
(b) Calculate the Kc value. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

9 Turn Over
 (c) 0.2 mole of SO2 , 0.1 mole of O2 and 0.7 mole of SO3 were introduced into
the vessel in (a) at 1000K.
(i) Calculate the new Kc for the reaction value. (03 marks)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(ii) Using your answers in (b) and (c)(i) above, state how the position of
the equilibrium will be affected. (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................

13. (a) A chloride of Aluminium J contains 20% aluminium and 80% chlorine.
(i) Calculate the empirical formula of J. (02 marks)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(ii) Determine the molecular formula of J (The vapour density of J is
133.5) (11/2 marks)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(iii) Write the structural formula of J. (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................

10
 (b) Write an equation to show how aluminium chloride can be prepared from
aluminium. (01 mark)

....................................................................
....................................................................
(c) Aluminium chloride was dissolved in water.
Write the equation for the reaction that took place. (11/2 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
(d) Sodium carbonate was added to an aqueous solution to aluminium chloride.
(i) State what was observed. (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction that took place. (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................

14. Name a reagent that can be used to distinguish between each of the following
pairs of compounds. In each case, state what would be observed when the
compounds are separately treated with the reagent you have named.
(a) Aluminium chloride and aluminium sulphate. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
(b) Copper(II) sulphate and zinc sulphate. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

11 Turn Over
 (c) But-1-yne and but-2-yne. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

15. A compound Q contains 62.1% carbon, 10. 3% hydrogen and the rest being
oxygen (The vapour density of Q is 2.59 × 10−3 g dm−3 at s.t.p).
(a) Determine the
(i) empirical formula of Q. (02 marks)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(ii) molecular formula of Q. (02 marks)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................

12
 (b) Write the structural formulae of all the possible isomers of Q. (11/2 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
(c) Q reacts with sodium metal with effervescence. Identify Q. (01/2 mark)

....................................................................
(d) Write equation for the reaction between Q and
(i) bromine. (11/2 marks)

................................................................
(ii) alkaline solution of potassium manganate(VII) solution. (11/2 marks)

................................................................

16. (a) State what is meant by the term:

(i) Order of a reaction. (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(ii) Half life of a reaction. (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(b) The data in the table below were obtained for the reaction between a
bromoalkane (RBr) and hot aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Concentration of 0.241 0.161 0.109 0.073 0.046 0.034

RBr (mol dm−3 )
Time(min) 0 60 120 180 240 320

Plot a graph of concentration of the bromoalkane against time. (03 marks)

13 Turn Over
Attach Graph Paper Here

14
 (c) Using the graph in (b), determine the
(i) half life of the reaction. (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(ii) order of reaction with respect to RBr. Give a reason for your
answer. (01 mark)

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
(d) Calculate the rate constant and state its units. (02 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

17. Explain the following observations:

(a) Solubility of hydroxides of Group II elements increases down the
group. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

15 Turn Over
(b) When sodium carbonate is dissolved in water, the solution turns litmus
blue. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
(c) Sodium ion is smaller than sodium atom whereas a chloride ion is larger
than a chlorine atom. (03 marks)

....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................

16
17 END