Chem Top National Schools 2024

KCSE TOP NATIONAL SCHOOLS
2024 CLUSTER EXAMS
CHEMISTRY
NAME……………………………………………………... INDEX NO…………………/……
SCHOOL………………………………... CANDIDATESSIGNATURE…………
DATE ………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
2 Hours
2024
ALLIANCE BOYS CLUSTER EXAMINATION

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
Instructions to candidates
(a)Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
(c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper
(d) KNEC Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used for calculations
(e) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary
(f) This paper consists of 14 printed pages
(g) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing
(h) Candidates should answer the questions in English
FOR EXAMINER’S ONLY
QUESTION MAXIMUM CANDIDATES
SCORE SCORE
1-28 80
Page 1 of 14
for answers call 0724351706

1. In the industrial preparation of oxygen, state:
(a) How dust particles are removed from air. (1 mark)
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(b) Why carbon (IV) oxide is removed before the mixture is cooled to – 25 0C (1 mark)
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2. A form four student accidentally mixed Sodium Carbonate and Calcium Carbonate. Describe
how he would obtain a dry sample of Sodium Carbonate from the mixture. (3 marks)
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3. The set up below was used to prepare dry hydrogen gas. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
Hydrochloric
Cardboard
acid
Zinc granules
Liquid Y
(i) Identify a mistake in the set up (1 mark)
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(ii) Write an equation for the reaction for the reaction that produces hydrogen gas (1 mark)
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(iii) State the chemical test for hydrogen (1 mark)
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4. The following data gives the PH vales of some solution A, B and C..
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Solution PH
A 13.0
B 6.9
C 2.0
a) Which solution would produce carbon (IV) oxide gas when reacted with copper (II)
carbonate? (1/2 marks)
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b) What colour change would occur in solution A on addition of three drops of

phenolphthalein indicator. (1 mark)
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(c) Explain why hydrogen gas is produced when zinc granules are added to a solution of
hydrogen chloride gas in water but no hydrogen gas is produced when the granules are added to
a solution of hydrogen chloride in methylbenzene.(1 1/2 mks)
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5. The standard electrode potentials for the elements chlorine and magnesium
Cl2(aq) + 2ē 2Cl-(aq), E  = + 1.36V
2
Mg aq + 2ē Mg(s), E  = - 2.36V
i) Which one of the two elements will act as an oxidizing agent? Explain your choice (2 marks)
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(ii).Calculate the electromotive force of a cell whose overall reaction is
Cl2(aq) + Mg(g) Mg Cl2(aq) (1 mark)
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Page 3 of 14

6. Describe how a solid sample of Lead(II) Chloride can be prepared using the following
Reagents: Dilute Nitric Acid, Dilute Hydrochloric Acid and Lead Carbonate. (3 marks)
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7. 50cm3 of Carbon (IV) Oxide diffuses through a porous plate in 15 seconds. Calculate the time
taken by 75cm3 of Nitrogen (IV) Oxide to diffuse through the same plate under similar
conditions. (C = 12, 0 = 16, N = 14) (2 marks)
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8.(a). Carbon (IV) oxide is bubbled through Calcium hydroxide until there is no further change.
Explain using equations the changes observed. (2 marks)
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(b) Explain why diamond is used in cutting of glass and drilling. (1 mark)
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9. The table below gives some bond energies of some bonds.
Bond Bond energy (lgmol-1)
H-H 435
Cl-Cl 243
H-Cl 431
Page 4 of 14

Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction below. (2mks)
H2 (g) +Cl2 (g) 2HCl (g)
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(a) State whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Explain

(1 mark)
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10. The molecular formula of two straight chain hydrocarbon is C4H6

a) Give the general formula of the homologous series to which the hydrocarbon belong (1mk)
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b) Draw the structures of two compounds and their names. (2mks)
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11. Study the set-up below and answer the questions that follow
Dilute hydrochloric acid
A gas jar
Red litmus paper
Sodium sulphite gas x
Page 5 of 14

(a) Identify gas X (1 mark)
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(b) Write an equation for the reaction that produces gas x. (1 mark)
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(c) What is the effect of the gas x above on the red-litums paper (1 mark)
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12. The grid below is part of the periodic table. Use it to answer the questions that follow. ( The
letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements.)
R S
N Q T U
P
(a) Indicate in the grid the position of an element represented by letter V, whose atomic number
is 14. (1 mark)
(b) Select a letter which represents a monoatomic gas. (1 mark)

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(c) Write an equation for the reaction between Q and T (1 mark)
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13. When 94.5g of hydrated Barium hydroxide Ba (OH) 2 . XH2O were heated to a constant mass
51.3g of anhydrous Barium hydroxide were obtained. Determine the empirical formula of the
hydrated Barium hydroxide. (Ba = 137.0, O = 16.0, H = 1.0). (3mks)
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14. Study the chart below and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Name:
(i) Cations present in mixture X. (1 mark)
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(ii) Anions present in the solution. (1 mark)
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(b) Write an equation to show how the white precipitate in step III is formed. (1 mark)
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15. Study the diagram below and answer the questions
(i) What is the process involved in step L (1 mark)
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(ii) Explain how process N and P can be affected (2 marks)
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N……………………………………………………………………………………………………
P……………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. The scheme below was used to prepare a cleansing agent. Study it and answer the questions
that follow.
(i) Given to the type of cleansing agent prepared by the method above? (1 mark)
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(ii) Name one chemical substance added in step II (1 mark)
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(iii) What is the purpose of adding the chemical substance named in c (ii) above? (1 mark)
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17. The rate of a reaction depends on concentration of reactants, temperature and possibly a
catalyst. Apiece of magnesium ribbon was added to 100cm 3 of 1M HCl. The hydrogen evolved
was collected in a gas syringe and its volume measured every 30 seconds
Page 8 of 14

The results were plotted to give a graph shown below
(j) The experiment was repeated. Two pieces of magnesium ribbon were added to 100cm 3 of 1M
HCl . Sketch this graph on the same grid and label it X and comment on the volume of
hydrogen prdoduced. (1 mark)
(ii) The experiment was repeated using one piece of magnesium ribbon and 100cm 3 of 1.0M
ethanoic acid. Describe how the shape of the graph would differ from the one given on the grid.
(2 marks)
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18. 6g of potassium nitrate solid were added to 120cm 3 of water in a plastic beaker. The mixture
was stirred gently and the following results were obtained.
Initial temperature = 21.50C
Final temperature = 17.00C
(a) Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction (density = 1g/cm 3, C = 4.2jg-1K-1) (2 marks)
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b) Calculate the molar enthalpy change for the dissolution of potassium nitrate. (2 marks)
(K = 39, N = 14, O = 16)
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Page 9 of 14

19. In the redox reaction below:
2H+(aq) + Cr2072-(aq) + 3SO2 (aq) Cr3+(aq) + 3SO42- +H20(l)
Identify the reducing agent, explain your answer. (2 marks)
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20. Study the set-up below and answer questions that follow.
i) Name the gas that is produced when concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid reacts with the
sodium chloride (1 mark)
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ii) Why is it necessary to use a funnel in the beaker? (1 mark)
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iii) How does the gas affect the P H of the water in the beaker? (1 mark)
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21. The flow chart/diagram below outlines a method of preparing a fertilizer
Dilute
NH3(g) Salt F
H2SO4
Air
Salt V
Gas U
Air
Nitric (V) acid Gas W

E
Page 10 of 14

i) Identify U and W
U ……………………………………………………………. (1/2 mark)
W …………………………………………………………… (1/2 mark)
ii) Give the names of salt F and V
F ……………………………………………………………. (1/2 mark)
V ……………………………………………………………. (1/2 mark)
iii) Write a balanced equation for the formation of salt F (1 mark)
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22. (a) a) Using dots () and crosses (X) to represent electrons, draw diagrams to represent the bonding in:
(i) NH3 (1mk)
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(ii) NH+4 (1mk)
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b) State why an Ammonium molecule (NH3) can combine with H+ to form NH+4. Atomic numbers N =
17, H = 1) (1mk)
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23. Carbon (iv) oxide and methane are gases found in in the atmosphere.
a) State one disadvantage of carbon (iv) oxide in the atmosphere. (1mk)
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Page 11 of 14

b) State how emissions of carbon (iv) oxide into the atmosphere can be reduced. (1mk)
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24. The graph below shows the behavior of a fixed mass of a gas at constant temperature.
Pressure
(Atmospheres)
Volume (litres)
(a) What is the relationship between the volume and the pressure of the gas? (1 mark)
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(b) 3 litres of oxygen gas at 1atm atmosphere pressure were compressed to 2atm at constant
temperature. Calculate the volume occupied by the oxygen gas. (2 marks)
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25. Temporary water hardness can be removed by boiling
(a) What is hard water? (1 mark)
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(b) Write a chemical equation to show how temporary hardness is removed by boiling. (1 mark)
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(c) State one advantage of hard water. (1 mark)
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26. A student set-up the experiment below to collect gas K. The glass wool was heated before
heating the zinc powder.
Zinc powder Gas K
Glass wool
Soaked
with water Page 12tube
Boiling of 14

Heat Heat
(a) Why was it necessary to heat the moist glass wool before heating the zinc powder?
(1mark)
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(b) What observation was made in the boiling tube? (1 mark)
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27. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
Solid sulphur Step I Amber liquid Step 2 Dark

1130C 1600C – 2500C viscous
liquid
Step 3
4000C
Sulphur vapour Step 4 Mobile
4440C liquid
Explain the observations made in:

(i) Step 1 (1 mark)
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(ii) Step 2 (1 mark)
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(iii) Step 3 (1 mark)
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28. The empirical formula of a compound is CH 2 and it has a molecular mass of 42.
(a) What is the molecular formula of this compound? (1 mark)
Page 13 of 14

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(b) Write the general formula of the homologous series to which the compound belongs.
(1 mark)
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(c) Draw the structural formula of the third member of this series and give its IUPAC name.
(1 mark)
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LAST PRINTED PAGE
Page 14 of 14

NAME……………………………………………INDEX NO……,……..........…………
SCHOOL………………………….......ADM NO.......................STREAM....................
CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE………………..............DATE………….....……………
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2 (Theory)
2024
Time: 2hours
ALLIANCE BOYS CLUSTER EXAMINATION
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your Name, Index Number and school in the spaces provided
 Sign and write the Date of the Examination in the spaces provided
 Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided
 KNEC Mathematical tables and silent non-programmable electronic calculators may be used
 All Working MUST be clearly shown where necessary
 Candidate should answer the questions in English
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1 11
2 13
3 13
4 13
5 12
6 11
7 07
T0TAL MARKS 80
This paper has 11 printed pages.

Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no question is missing
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 1|Page

1. a) Use the chart below to answer the questions that follow.
Iron Steam Gas N Lead (II) Solid

oxide /heat M
+ +
Solid P Liquid L
i) Identify:
Gas N …….............................................................................. (1 mark)
ii) Solid P …………....................................................................... ( 1mark)
iii) Solid M………........................................................................… (1 mark)
iv) Liquid L………......................................................................... (1 mark)
v) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between iron and steam (1 mark)
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b) i) Given solid sodium sulphate, Lead (II) Oxide, water and nitric (V) acid. Describe how you would
prepare and obtain a pure sample of Lead (II) sulphate ( 3 marks)
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ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that leads to formation of Lead (II) sulphate above (1 mark)
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iii) Give the meaning of the following terms in relation to behavour of salts when exposed. (2marks)
I) Deliquescence
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II) Efflorescence
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2. a) Name the compounds below (3 marks)
(i) CH3CH(OH)CH3
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(ii) CH3CH2CCCH3
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(iii) CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3
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(b)Study the reaction scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
Glucose
Step I
J H2(g) Ethene Conc. H2SO4

Step IV Step II Ethanol
Acidified
Step III KMnO4(aq)
(i) Name the process taking place in:
Step I.................................................................................................................. (1 mark)
Step II................................................................................................................. ( 1 mark)
(ii) Give the two conditions necessary in step IV (1 mark)

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(iii)State the observation made in step III. (1 mark)

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(iv)Name compound J. (1 mark)
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(c) Write the formula of the two reagents that can be used to prepare ethyne gas in the laboratory ( 1 mark)
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(d) The structure below is part of a polymer.
H H H H
C C C C
H CH3 H CH3
i)Name the polymer ( 1 mark)
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ii) Draw the structural formula of the monomer of this polymer. (1 mark)
iii) Give one use of the polymer above ( 1 mark)
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iv) State one disadvantage of continuous use of this polymer (1 mark)
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3. a) i) An atom is electrically neutral. Explain. ( 1 mark)

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ii) Give any two properties of an electron ( 2 marks)

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b) The table below gives the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the particles listed
Particle Protons Electrons Neutrons
Q 8 10 8
R 13 10 14
T 17 17 18
U 6 6 8
V 12 10 12
X 10 10 12
W 6 6 6

i) Select two particles which are isotopes, explain (2 marks)
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ii) Which particle is likely to be a halogen (1mark)
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iii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between Q and R (1mark)
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iv) Names the type of structure in the product formed in (iii) above (1mark)
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v) How does the atomic radii of R and V compare? Give a reason. (2marks)
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vi) Draw a dot (۰) and cross (x) diagram for the compound formed between excess Q and W
( 1mark)
vii) Compare the boiling point of element T and that of X (2marks)
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4. a) Dissolving potassium nitrate in water is an endothermic process. Explain the effect of increase in
temperature on the solubility of potassium nitrate ( 2 marks)
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b) The table below shows the solubilities of potassium sulphate and potassium chlorate (V) at different
temperatures.
Temperature (oC) 0 20 40 60 80 100
Solubility of K2SO4 8.0 10.0 14.0 17.5 20.0 22.0
g/100g water
Solubility of KClO3 3.0 5.0 15.5 24.0 39.0 53.0
g/100g water
I) Draw the solubility curves for both salts on the same axis. (Temperature on x-axis) (3 marks)

II) A solution of potassium sulphate contains 20g of the salt dissolved in 100g of water at 100 0C.
This solution is allowed to cool to 250C.
i) At what temperature will crystals first appear? (1 mark)
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ii) What mass of crystals will be present at 25 0C? (1 mark)

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III) Which of the two salts is more soluble at 30 0C? ( 1 mark)

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IV) Determine the concentration of potassium sulphate in moles per litre when solubility of the two salts
are the same ( K=39, O=16, S= 32) (3 marks)
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V) 100g of water at 100 0C contains 19g of potassium sulphate and 19g of potassium chlorate (V).
Describe how a solid sample of potassium sulphate at 600C can be obtained (2 marks)
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5. a) Describe the process by which nitrogen is obtained from air on a large scale ( 4 marks)
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b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Ammonia Copper (II) oxide Nitrogen gas

Step VI Heat
Step I Air Copper
Platinum-Rhodium
Gas J Water
Step II Air
Ammonium
Step III Nitric (V) Ammonia nitrate
Nitrogen Water/ air Step IV
(IV) oxide acid
step V Heat
products
i) Identify gas J (1mark)

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ii) Using oxidation numbers, show that ammonia is a reducing agent in step (VI) ( 2 marks)
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iii) Write the equation for the reaction that occur in step V ( 1 mark)
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iv) Give two uses ammonia gas ( 2 marks)

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c) The table below shows the observation made when aqueous ammonia was added to cation of
element E, F and G until in excess.
Cation of Addition of a few drops of Addition of excess aqueous
aqueous ammonia ammonia
E White precipitate Insoluble
F No white precipitate No white precipitate
G White precipitate Dissolves
i) Select the cation likely to be Zn 2+ ( 1 mark)

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ii) Given that the formula of the cation of element E is E 2+, write the ionic equation for the reaction
between E2+ and aqueous ammonia. ( 1 mark)
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6. The diagram below shows a set up for the determination of enthalpy of displacement for the reaction
between zinc metal and copper (II) sulphate solution
a) Define molar heat of displacement (1 mark)

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b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that takes place in this experiment (1 mark)
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c) What is the function of the saw dust in the set up (1 mark)
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d) State and explain two observations made at the end of this experiment other than rise in temperature
(2 marks)
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e) I) 4 g of the zinc powder were added to 50cm 3 of 0.25M copper (II) sulphate solution. The mixture
was stirred with the thermometer and the highest temperature recorded.
Final temperature = 34.5 oC
Initial temperature = 22.0 oC
Calculate the molar heat of displacement of copper by zinc (Zn=65) (3marks)
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f) Sketch an energy level diagram for the above reaction (2 marks)
g) Theoretical value for molar enthalpy of displacement of copper is usually higher than experimental
value. Give a reason ( 1 mark)
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FOR MS CALL 0724351706 10 | P a g e

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7. a) Define the following terms: ( 2 marks)

i) Electrolysis
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iii) Electrolyte
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b) The diagram below shows electrolysis of Lead(II) bromide
i) Which electrode is the Cathode (1mark)
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ii) Write ionic equation for the reaction that occurs at each electrode (2 marks)
At electrode A
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At electrode B
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c) State two applications of electrolysis (2 marks)
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FOR MS CALL 0724351706 11 | P a g e

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 12 | P a g e

NAME…………………………………………………..INDEX ………………..…..DATE…….…..…
SCHOOL: ………………………………………………… SIGNATURE………………………………
233/3
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 3 / PRACTICAL
2024
2¼ HOURS
ALLIANCE BOYS TRIAL EXAM 2024.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education(KCSE)
 Write your name, index number, name of the school and the date in the spaces provided.
 You are required to spend 15 minutes of the 2¼hrs reading through the paper and make sure
you have all the apparatus and chemicals needed for the practical.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided after each question
 Electronic calculators and mathematical tables may be used
 All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiners Use Only:
Question Maximum score Candidate’s Score
1 22
2 13
3 5
Total 40
1|Page
1. You are provided with:
- 4.5g of solid P
- Solution Q, 0.2M sodium hydroxide
Phenolphthalein indicator
You are required to determine:
I) The solubility of solid P at different temperatures
II) The value of n in the formula HnX 2H2Oof solid P.
PROCEDURE I
a) Place all the solid P in a boiling tube.
b) Fill the burette with distilled water. Using the burette, add 4.0cm 3 of distilled water to
solid P. in a boiling tube. Heat the mixture while stirring with a thermometer to about
800C until all the solid dissolves.
c) Allow the solution to cool while stirring with the thermometer and note the temperature
at which crystals of solid P start to appear. Record this temperature in table I.
d) Using the burette, add 2.0cm3 of distilled water to the contents of the boiling tube. Heat
the mixture while stirring with the thermometer until all the solid dissolves.
d) Allow the mixture to cool while stirring and note the temperature at which crystals of solid
P start to appear.
e) Repeat the procedure (c) and (d) three more times and record the temperature in the table.
Retain the contents of the boiling tube for use in procedure II
2|Page
i) Complete the table by calculating the solubility of solid P at the different temperatures.
Table I
Volume of water in the boiling Temperature at which crystals Solubility of solid P
tube (cm3) of solid P first appear ( 0C) (g/100g) of water
4
10
12
(6marks)
iii) On the grid provided plot a graph of the solubility of solid P against temperature(3marks)
3|Page
Using your graph
i)Determine the temperature at which 40g of solid P would dissolve in 50cm 3 of water. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Determine the solubility of solid Pat 550C (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
PROCEDURE II
1. Transfer the contents of the boiling tube into a 250ml volumetric flask. Rinse the boiling
tube and the thermometer with distilled water and add the rinsing to the volumetric flask.
Add more distilled water to the mark. Label this solution P.
Fill the burette with solution P. Using a pipette and pipette filler place 25.0cm 3 of
solution Q into a clean conical flask, add 2-3 drops ofphenolphthalein indicator. Titrate
solution Q with solution P .
Table II (4 marks)
` I II III
Final burette reading
Initial burette reading
Volume of solution P used cm3
Calculate the;
I) Average volume of solution P used in the experiment. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4|Page
II) Number of moles of sodium hydroxide used in solution Q. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
III) Number of moles of solution P given that the relative formula mass of P, (H nX  2H2O is
126. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
IV) The number of moles of sodium hydroxide required to react with one mole of P. Hence find
the value of n in the formula HnX  2H2O (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5|Page
2. You are provided with a solid labelled D. Carry out the following test, record the
observation and inferences in the tables below.
a) Place solid D in a boiling tube and add about 10cm 3 of distilled water while shaking.
Filter the mixture and divide the filtrate into four portions, keep the residue for part (b)
Observation Inferences
(1mark) (1mark)
(i) To the first portion, add three drops of barium nitrate solution. Followed by four
drops of dilute nitric (v) acid.
(1mark) (1mark)
(ii) To the second portion, add sodium hydroxide dropwise till in excess.
(1mark) (1mark)
6|Page
(iii) To the third portion add 2 – 3 drops of sodium carbonate solution.
(½mark) (½mark)
b) Place the residue in (a) above in a boiling tube. Add dilute nitric (v) acid while shaking
till the solid just dissolves. Divide the solution into two portions.
(1mark) (1½mark)
i) To the first portion, add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution drop wise till
in excess.
(1mark) (1mark)
7|Page
ii) To the second portion, add a few drops of ammonia solution then in excess.
(1mark) (½mark)
3. You are provided with liquid F. Carry out the following tests. Write your observations
and inferences in the spaces provided.
a) Place about 1cm3 of liquid F on a watch glass. Place a burning splint to the solution on
the watch glass.
(1mark) (½mark)
b) Place about 1cm3 of liquid F in a test tube, add about 1cm3 of distilled water.
(1mark) (½mark)
c) To the mixture in b above, add 2 drops of bromine water.

(1mk) (1mk)
8|Page
1
NAME_________________________________________________ CLASS _____________

_
INDEX NO________________________ADM. NO____________SIGNATURE____________
NAIROBI SCHOOL TRIAL EXAM 2024

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
233/1
CHEMISTRY PREMOCK
(THEORY)
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS.
a) Write your NAME and INDEX NUMBER in the space provided above
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided
d) ALL working must be clearly shown where necessary.
e) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
Question Maximum score Candidate’s score
1 −29 80
This paper consists of 12 printed pages.

Candidates should check to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated and no questions are
missing
For ms call 0724351706 Chemistry Paper 1-2024

2
1. Explain why burning Magnesium ribbon continues to burn in a gas jar full of sulphur (iv) Oxide
while a burning wooden splint would be extinguished. (3marks)
2. The table below gives some information about four elements. The letters are not their actual
symbols.
Elements valences Atomic radii(nm) Ionic radii(nm
K 2 0.136 0.065
L 7 0.099 0.181
M 1 0.099 0.181
N 2 0.174 0.099
i. Write the electron arrangement of any element in same chemical family as element L. (1mark)
ii. Compare the reactivity of elements K and N. (1mark)
iii. Account for the difference in ionic and atomic radii of element M. (1mark)
3. Laboratory results showed the composition of a compound to be 58.81% barium, 13.72%, sulphur
and 27.47% Oxygen. Calculate the empirical formula of the compound. (Ba=137, S = 32, O = 16.)
(3marks)

3
4. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.The diagram shows the method used to
separate component of mixture P
X
Hot water
Lie big condenser
.
Cold
water
Liquid
mixture
P
Distillate
Heat
(a) Name X (1mark)
(b) What is the name given to the method used in separation of mixture P (½mark)
(c) What would happen if the inlet and outlet of water were interchanged (½mark)
(d) Which physical property is used to separate mixture P (1mark)
5. A gas occupies 4dm3 at -230C and 152 mmHg. At what pressure will its volume be halved, if the
temperature then is 2270C.? (2marks)
6. State why a water molecule H2O can combine with H+ ion to form H3O+ ion (1mark)

4
7. The pH values of solutions A, B, C, and D are shown in the table below.
Solution pH value Name of solution

A 9.7
B 2.1
C 5.3
D 12.2
The four solutions were NaOH (aq), CH3COOH (aq), H2SO4(aq) and NH4OH (aq).Complete the table
by naming the solution corresponding to solution A, B, C and D. (2marks)
8. The data below gives the electronic configuration of some selected atoms and ions
Atom/ion A2+ B C2- D2+ E F- G+ H

Electronic configuration 2 2.4 2.8 2.8.8 2.8 2.8.8 0 2.8.2
(a) Select an atom that is a noble gas (1mark)
.
(b) What is the atomic number of C and A (1mark)
(c) Select an element that belong to group 2 and period four (1mark)
(d) Write the formula of the compound formed when D and F react (1mark)
9. Helium is used instead of hydrogen in balloons for metrological research. Explain (1mark)
10. Zinc metal and hydrochloric acid reacts according to the following equation
Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
1.96g of Zinc metal were reacted with 100cm3 of 0.2M hydrochloric acid
5
a) Determine the reagent that was in excess (2marks)

(Zn=63.5; Molar gas volume at s.t.p 22.4 liters)
(b) Calculate the total volume of hydrogen gas that was liberated at s.t.p(1mark)
11. Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds (1mark)

(i) .CH3CH2CH2CH CH3
CH3
(ii) CH3CH=CHCl (1mark)
12. 0.9g of potassium chloride and potassium carbonate mixture completely reacted with 25cm 3 of
0.2M hydrochloric acid
(i) Write an equation of the reaction which takes place (1mark)
(ii) Determine the number of moles of the acid used (1mark)
(iii) Calculate the mass of potassium chloride in the mixture (K=39.0; C=12.0; O=16.0)
(2marks)
13. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow.
6
Salt Solubility g/100g of water
At 40°C At 60°C
CuSO4 28 38
Pb(NO3)2 79 98
A mixture containing 35g of CuSO4 and 78g of Pb(NO3)2 in 100g of water at 60°C was cooled to
40°C.
i) Which salt crystallized out? Give a reason. (2marks)
ii) Calculate the mass of the salt that crystallized out. (1mark)
14. a) Distinguish between strong and concentrated acid (1mark)
b). A solution of ammonia in methylbenzene has no effects on red litmus paper while a
solution of ammonia in water turns red litmus paper blue. Explain (2marks)
15. Some sodium chloride was found to be contaminated with copper (II) oxide. Describe how a
sample of sodium chloride can be separated from the mixture.
(2marks)

7
16. The diagram below shows the acidic and basic oxides fit into the general family of oxides.
Acidic Basic
Oxide Oxide
a) State the name given to the type of oxide that would be placed in the shaded area. (1mark)
b) Give the name of any oxide that would be placed in the shaded area. (1mark)
17. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not
represent the actual symbols of the elements.
Substance Solubility in water Electrical conductivity

Solid Molten
A Insoluble Good Good
B Soluble Poor Good
C Insoluble Poor Poor
i) Which of the substances is highly likely to be sodium chloride? Explain

(2marks)
ii) What type of bond exists in substance A? (1mark)
iii) State a possible structure in substance C? (1mark)

8
18. The samples of equal volumes of water were put in 100cm 3 conical flasks and heated for 5 minutes on a
Bunsen flame. It was observed that sample 1 registered a low temperature than sample II
Flame 1 Flame II
(a) Name flame I (1mark)
(b) State one disadvantage of using flame I for heating (1mark)
19. The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the rusting of some iron nails.
For each tube A, B and C predict whether the nails will rust. In each case give a reason. (3 marks)

9
20. An element X has two naturally occurring isotopes 2210Xand 2010X. If its relative atomic mass
is 21.8, calculate the percentage abundance of the most stable isotope. (3 marks)
21. Name one reagent that can be used to distinguish between Al 3+ and Zn2+
ions insolution and state what would be observed if each of the ions is
treated with thereagentyouhavename (3marks)
22.A white crystalline solid Q when heated it forms a brown gas, colourless gas that relights a glowing
wooden splint and a yellow residue which turns white on cooling. Aqueous solution of Q forms reacts
with excess aqueous ammonia solution to form a colourless solution P.
a) Write the name and chemical formulae of complex ion in solution P. (2 marks)
Name;
Chemical formula;
b) Write the chemical equation for the formation of gases (2marks)
23.In an experiment 30cm3 of 0.1 M sulphuric acid were reacted with 30cm3 of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide.
(a) Write in equation of the reaction that took place (1 mark)
(b) State the observations that were made when both and red litmus papers were dropped into the mixture
(1mark)

10
(c) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above (1mark)
24. TheelectronaffinitiesforthreeelementsA,BandCareshowninthetablebelow:
Element A B C
Electronaffinity(kJ/mole) -324 -349 -295
(a) What is meant by electronaffinity?(1mark)
(b) Whichelementisthestrongestoxidizingagent?Giveareason (2marks)
25. (a)Nametwocationsresponsibleforhardwater. (2marks)
26. Astudentwasprovidedwith
solidA,thetablebelowshowtheprocedures,observations and inferences
made.Study the tables and complete them
byfillinginmissingprocedures,inferencesandobservations.
i)Procedure Observation Inference

a)PlaceentiresolidAinat Thesolidissoluble.C
esttubeaddwatertoitands olouredionsabsent
hake.Useportionsofthe
mixtureinstepsb,c
andd
(½mark)
b)Tothefirstportion,add Bubblesofcolourlessgasforman
2dropsofdilute dwhotesolid

11
hydrochloricacidandpla particlesareformedontheglassr
ceaglassroddippedinlim od
ewater
1mark)
atthetipofthetube.
c)Tothesecondportion, Pb2+,Mg2+,Zn2+,
add drops Al3+absent
ofammoniasolutiontill
excess
(½mark)
d)Tothethirdportion,dip Yellowflameisobserved
a
glassrodintothesolutiona
ndplacetherodintothehot
testregionofa (1mark)
non-luminousflame.
27. Oxygenisobtainedonlargescalebythefractionaldistillationofairasshownontheflowchart
below.
a. NamethesubstancesmarkedAandB.(1mark)
b. Explainhowpurificationofairisdoneduringthisprocess.(2marks)

12
28. Explain giving reasons why?

a) Sulphuric acid is not used with marble in the preparation of carbon (IV) oxide (2marks)
b) Water cannot be used to distinguish oil fire. (1mark)
29.The table below shows the solubility of three solids P, Q, and R.
Solid Cold Water Hot Water

P soluble soluble
Q insoluble insoluble
R Insoluble soluble
How would you obtain pure samples of R, P and Q (2marks)

Name: …………………………………………………………… Index no ………................................
School: ………………………………………………………..… Class ……………………………..….
Date: …………………………………………………………..… Candidate’s sign………………..……
FORM FOUR
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
(THEORY)
2024
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAIROBI SCHOOL TRIAL EXAM 2024

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.)
Chemistry
Paper 2
Theory
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
• Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC Mathematical tables and may be used.
• All workings must be clearly shown where necessary
• Candidates should answer the questions in English
For Examiner’s Use only.

1 11
2 13
3 13
4 12
5 11
6 12
7 08
Total score 80
This paper consists of 11 printed pages. Candidates should check to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are
missing.
1
For ms call 0724351706
1. The flow chart below shows a sequence of chemical reactions starting with Zinc.
Study it and answer the questions that follow:-
Step 2 Step 3
Zn(s) Step 1 Zn2+(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) ZnO(s)
Dilute NaOH(aq) Heat
hydrochloric acid
Step 4 H2SO4(aq)
Step 5
Zn(s)
Zn2+(aq)
Metal T
a) In step 1, excess 3M hydrochloric acid was added to 0.5g of Zinc powder
i) State two observations which were made when the reaction was in progress (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) Explain why hydrogen gas is not liberated when dilute nitric acid is used in step 1 (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
iii) a) Write the equation for the reaction that took place in step 1 (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Calculate the volume of 3M hydrochloric acid that was needed to react completely with
0.5g of Zinc powder (Zn = 65.0) (3mks)
b) Give the name of the type of reactions that took place in step 4 and 5 (1mk)
step 4……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
step 5 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2
c) Galvanized iron sheets are made by dipping the sheets in molten Zinc.
i) Explain how zinc protects iron from rusting (2mks)
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) Name the process applied in galvanization of iron with zinc (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. The table below shows the elements in the third period, the oxides of the third period and their properties.
The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements. Study the information and answer the questions that
follow:
Element Atomic number Atomic radius(nm) Oxide State at RT oxide melting point ºC
M 11 0.191 M2O solid 1132
N …………… 0.160 NO solid 2852
P 13 0.130 ……… solid 2072
Q 14 0.118 QO2 ………. 1610
R …………. 0.110 ……… solid 580
S 16 0.102 SO2 ………… -75
T 17 0.099 TO2 gas -60
V 18 0.095 X X X
a) i) Complete the table above (3mks)

ii) Explain the trend in the atomic radius across the period (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
iii) Explain why the oxide of element V does not exist (1mk)
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3
b) Name the type of structure and bond in the following oxide (2mks)
Oxide Structure Bond type
NO
TO2
ii) Using dots and crosses to represent electrons. Show the bonding in the oxide, QO2 (2mks)
c) i)Explain why elements P conducts electricity but T does not (2mks)
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) The oxide of P reacts both acids and alkalis. Give the name of this kind of oxide (1mk)
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. a) Sulphur occurs naturally in two different forms called allotropes;
i) What are allotropes (1mk)
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) the two allotropes of sulphur are stable at different temperatures, as shown in the equations below.
above 95.5o
Rhombic sulphur monoclinic sulphur
below 95.5o
Give the name to the temperature 95.5ºC (1mk)
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4
b) below is a flow diagram for the contact process for manufacture of sulphuric acid(VI)
air Step 2
Step 1
Y
Pure SO2 SO3
Sulphur SO2 SO2 Drying Convertor
Z Dust air Y
air (Oxygen) air tower
precipitator
Concentrated SO3
H2SO4
Step 4
X
Concentrated Step 3
H2SO4
i) Give the name of the chambers labelled (1½mks)
X ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Y ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Z ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) State the three conditions in the converter (1½mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Explain why the gases are passed though:
I. The dust precipitator and drying tower (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. The chamber labeled Y (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Write the balanced equations for the reactions in :
Step 2 (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Step 3 (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Step 4 (1mk)
5
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Calculate the volume of sulphur (VI) oxide gas that would be required to produce 178kg of oleum
in step 3 molar gas volume at s.t.p = 22.4 litres H = 1 O = 16 S = 32 (3mks)
4.a) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow
Ca(OH)2 Cl H
K Step 3
C – C
1 mole
L + H2O HCL
H H
Step I Gas J R
Step 4
1 mole H2
Catalyst H2O Ni, H2 150oC

CH3CH2OH C2H4 CH3CH3
Step5
Step 6
i) Identify reagent L (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Name the catalyst used in step 5 (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Draw the structural formula of gas J (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) What name is given to the process that takes place in step 5? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
v) State:
a) One use of product R
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) A commercial application of the process which takes place in step 6 (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) i)Write the equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ethanoic
acid (1mk)
……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6
ii) Explain why the reaction between 1g of sodium carbonate and 2M hydrochloric acid is faster
than the reaction between 1g of sodium carbonate and 2M ethanoic acid. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Larger alkanes can be broken down into smaller useful molecules
i) Give the name for the process (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Apart from smaller chain alkanes mention the other two smaller molecules (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Give the systematic names of the following compounds;
i)CH3 = C-CH3 (1mk)
CH3
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii)CH3CH2CH2C≡ CH (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The table below shows the volumes of nitrogen (IV) oxide gas produced when different volumes of
1M nitric acid were each reacted with 0.635g of copper at room temperature.
Volume of 1M nitric acid (cm3) Volume of Nitrogen (IV) oxide gas(cm3)

5 60
15 180
25 300
35 420
45 480
55 480
a) Give a reason why hydrochloric acid can not be used instead of nitric acid (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain how the rate of the reaction between copper and nitric acid would be affected if the
temperature of the reaction mixture was raised (2mks)

7
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) On the grid provided below, plot a graph of the volume of the gas produced (vertical axis) against
volume of acid (3mks)
d) Using the graph, determine the volume of:
(i) Nitrogen (IV) oxide produced when 30cm3 of 1M nitric acid were reacted with 0.635g
of copper (1mk)
(ii) 1M nitric acid which would react completely with 0.635g of copper (1mk)
8
e) Using the answer in d (ii) above, determine:
i) The volume of 1M nitric acid that would react completely with one mole of copper (Cu = 63.5) (2mks)
ii) The volume of Nitrogen (IV) oxide gas produced when one mole of copper reacts with excess
1M nitric acid at room temperature (1mk)
6. a) The diagram below is a section of a model of the structure of element T
i) State the type of bonding that exists in T. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) In which group of periodic table does element T belong? Give a reason. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9
b) Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
i) Name gas W. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) How is gas W tested in the laboratory. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) State the observation when Calcium carbonate powder was added to the colourless liquid
in the dish and then carbon (IV) oxide gas was bubbled to the mixture for about 25
minutes. Write a stoichiometric equation for the chemical reaction that occurred in the
dish (2mks)
c) State pollution effects of

i) Carbon compounds (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Sulphur compounds. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Chlorine compounds. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
10
7. a) The diagram below shows a set-up used by a student in an attempt to prepare and collect oxygen gas
Water Water
Sold W
i) Complete the diagram by correcting the mistake on it (1mk)

ii) Identify solid W (½mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) A piece of phosphorous was burnt in excess air. The product obtained was shaken with a small
amount of hot water to make a solution
i) Write an equation for the burning of phosphorus in excess air (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) The solution obtained in (b) above as found to have pH of 2. Give reasons for this observation (1½mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) The reaction between ammonia and oxygen to form Nitrogen (II) oxide is highly exothermic
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
i) State the conditions necessary for this reaction (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Calculate the total volume of Nitrogen (II) oxide produced if 100cm3 of oxygen was reacted with excess
ammonia gas. Which law did you apply to arrive at your answer? (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11
TRAIL 1 2024
NAME …………………… …………………………………ADM NO ………………………….…….
SCHOOL.……………………………………………………CANDIDATE’S SIGN……...……………
CLASS……………………………………………………….DATE……………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
(THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
FORM FOUR EXAMINATION

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.(K.C.S.E)
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
(THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and Adm number in the spaces provided above
2. Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided
3. Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
4. All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
5. This paper consists of 11 printed pages
6. Candidates should check to ascertain that each page s printed as indicated and that no
question is/are missing.
FOR EXAMINAER’S USE ONLY

1-28 80
233/1 Chemistry 1 For marking schemes inox 0724351706

1. a) State Graham’s law of diffusion. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) 50cm³ of nitrogen (ii) oxide was allowed to diffuse through a porous membrane in 20 seconds.
Calculate the time taken by equal volume of carbon (ii) oxide to diffuse through the same membrane.
(C=12, N=14, O=16). (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. State two functions of a fume chamber in a laboratory. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The diagram below shows a structure of water molecule.
Name the bonds labelled. (2mks)

i) A
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) B
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Two samples of water were put in separate beakers. They were boiled for sometime and allowed to
cool. Equal volumes of soap were added to each sample and stirred. Water in beaker C readily formed
lather with soap while water in beaker D required more soap to lather.
i) Write the formula of one salt likely to be in water in beaker. (2mks)
a) C
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) D
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Name one method that can be used to soften water in beaker D. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Describe how you would prepare lead (ii) sulphate given the following reagents: dilute nitric (v) acid,
distilled water, sodium sulphate solid and lead metal. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. During manufacture of sulphuric (vi) acid, sulphur (iv) oxide is oxidised to sulphur (vi) oxide in the
presence of vanadium oxide catalyst as shown below:
The reaction is carried out at a pressure of 3 atmospheres and a temperature of 450 0C. State and explain
the effect on the yield of sulphur (vi) oxide if the reaction is:
a) Carried out at 3 atmospheres and 6000C. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) In absence of a catalyst. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. a) Hydrogen gas was passed over 4.64g of an oxide of iron in a combustion tube until there was no
further change. The mass of the final substance was found to be 3.36g. Determine the empirical formula
of the oxide. (Fe=56, O= 16). (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State the property of hydrogen demonstrated in the experiment above. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Atoms of element X exist as 14 6X and 12 6 X.
a) What name is given to the two types of atoms? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Use dot (.) and (x) diagram to represent electrons draw the atomic structure of x. (2mks)
9. Hydrogen sulphide gas was passed through a solution of iron (ii) chloride.
i) State two observations made. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Write an equation for the reaction taking place in (i) above. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Two clean iron nails of the same size were connected with wire to magnesium and silver stripes as
shown.
State and explain the observation made on nail x and y if they were left in the open for 2 weeks. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. The diagram below shows an incomplete setup used to prepare sulphur (iv) oxide in the laboratory.
a) Identify solid H. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Complete the set up above to show how dry sulphur (iv) oxide may be collected. (2mks)
12. Some average bond energies are given below.
Bond Energy in kJ/MOL
C-C 348
C-H 414
Cl- Cl 243
H-Cl 340
C – Cl 432
Determine whether the reaction below is exothermic or endothermic. (3mks)

C2 H6(g) + Cl2(g) C2H5Cl(g) + HCl(g)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Study the scheme below and answer questions that follow

a) Identify reagent A. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name process B (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) What does PVC stand for? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Ethanedioic acid (H2C2O4) is used instead of methanoic acid (HCOOH) to prepare carbon (ii) oxide in
the laboratory. It gives equal volume of carbon (ii) oxide and carbon (iv) oxide.
a) Write an equation for the dehydration of ethanedioic acid. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain how pure carbon (ii) oxide can be obtained from the mixture. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. The diagram below represents a set-up of apparatus used to investigate the effect of an electric current
on lead (ii) bromide.
a) Describe the observation made at electrode C. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State two applications of electrolysis. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. The set up below was used to investigate a property of ammonia gas.
i) What property of ammonia gas is being investigated? (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) The experiment above is commonly known as ‘the fountain experiment’; explain. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Identify another gas that may be used instead at ammonia gas. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Draw a well labelled diagram to show how crystals of sodium chloride can be obtained from sodium
chloride solution. (3mks)
18. a) Define the term solubility. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) 40g of a saturated solution yields 15g of salt when evaporated to dryness. Calculate the solubility of
the salt. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Increased levels of carbon (ii) oxide leads to global warming. Give two reasons why the amount of
carbon (iv) oxide in the atmosphere is increasing gradually. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Explain the observation made when a blue litmus paper is dipped in methylbenzene in which
hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled through. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. The reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen releases energy. A student drew the reaction profile
for the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.
State two errors made when drawing the reaction profile. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. Both water (18) and hydrogen sulphide (34) are molecular substances. However water has a higher
boiling point than hydrogen sulphide. Explain. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. The grid below represents part of a periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
E A X
R G C
Q
a) How do the atomic radii of R and G compare. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) How do the pH of the oxides of A and E compare. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) On the grid, indicate with a tick (✓) the position of K which is found on the third period and forms K3-
ions. (1mk)
24. The curves below were obtained when equal volumes of nitric (v) acid of same concentration were
reacted with 25.0g of calcium carbonate, labelled Y. In one case, the acid was first warmed before the
reaction.

a) Which curve represents the reaction involving warm nitric (v) acid? (1mk)
b) Sketch the curves obtained if the graph of the volume of CO2 produced against time were plotted. (NB:
on the same axis) (2mks)
25. i) State two observations made when a small piece of potassium metal is put in a beaker full of water.
(2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Name the group of the periodic table to which potassium belongs. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. When a hydrocarbon with formula CxHy burns in chlorine gas, black specks and a colourless gas are
obtained.
a) To which homologous series does the hydrocarbon belong? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write the general equation for the reaction between the hydrocarbon and chlorine gas. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. The diagram below represents a set up for large scale manufacture of hydrochloric acid. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.

i) Name the substance X. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) What is the purpose of glass beads? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Give one use of hydrochloric acid. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. When 25cm³ of 0.5M HCl is added to 25cm³ of 0.5M NaOH, the temperature of the solution rose
from 230C to 260C. Given that the density of the solution is 1g/cm³ and its specific heat capacity is 4.2Jg -
1 -1
k .
a) Determine the amount of heat evolved that caused the temperature to rise. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Work out the molar enthalpy of neutralization for this reaction. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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NAME…………………………………………………………………….ADM NO…………......…
SCHOOL……………………………………………………CANDIDATES SIGN ….......…………
DATE……………………… CLASS..................................................................
233/2
CHEMISTRY PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.(K.C.S.E)

CHEMISTRY PAPER 2
1. Write your name, admission number in the space provided.
2. Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
3. Mathematical tables and scientific calculators may be used.
5. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated
and that no questions are missing.
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY
QUESTION MARKS CANDIDATES SCORE

1 13
2 11
3 12
4 10
5 11
6 12
7 11
TOTAL 80 MARKS
For marking schemes inox 0724351706 233/2 Chemistry 1 Turn Over

1. The table below shows some elements in the periodic table. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
A G E B D
a) i) Show the electron arrangement of ions of elements:

A (½mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
B (½mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
ii) Using dots (.) and crosses (x) to represent electrons draw a diagram to show how elements C and
oxygen combine to form a compound. (O = 8) (1mk)
b) Show on the grid above an element Y whose ion Y2- has an electron configuration of 2.8.8. (1mk)
c) Compare the following with explanation.
i) The reactivity of A and C. (2mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
ii) Atomic radii of elements A and B. (2mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................

iii) The melting point of the oxide of element G and the oxide of D. (2mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
d) Name the type of bond formed when E and D react. Explain your answer. (2mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
e) The ionic radius of element E is bigger than its atomic radius. Explain. (2mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
2. The following diagram below shows a series of steps followed in the manufacture of sodium
carbonate.
a) Name substances A and B (2mks)
A....................................................................................................................................................................................
B....................................................................................................................................................................................
b) Write equations for the reactions taking place in:

i) The solvay tower. (2mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
ii) Chamber E. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
c) i) Identify substance G. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
ii) State one laboratory use and one industrial use of substance G.
I. Laboratory use (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
II. Industrial use (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
d) Name one most important industry where sodium carbonate is used as a raw material. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
e) The reaction equation below represents a chemical change that occurs when hydrated sodium
carbonate is exposed to the air for 24 hrs.
i) Give the name of the chemical change represented by the above equation. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
ii) What observable change is accompanied by the above reaction? (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................

3. a) Draw the structures of the following compounds. (2mks)
i) 2 – methylbut-2-ene
ii) heptanoic acid
b) Describe a physical test that can be used to distinguish between methanol and hexanol. (2mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
c) Use the flow chart below to answer the questions that follow.
i) Name:
I. The type of reaction that occurs in step VII. (1mk)

.......................................................................................................................................................................................
II. Substance B
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
ii) What conditions and reagents are necessary to convert CH3CH2OH to CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 in step II
Conditions (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
Reagent (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
iii) Give the formula and name of substance C. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
iv) Give the reagent and conditions necessary for the reaction in step IV. (2mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
v) i)Draw and name the structure of polymer P. (1mk)
ii) Name one use of the polymer P. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
4. a) Two reagents that can be used to prepare chlorine gas are manganese (IV)oxide and concentrated
hydrochloric acid.
i) Write an equation for the reaction. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................................
ii) Give the formula of another reagent that can be reacted with concentrated hydrochloric acid to produce
chlorine gas. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
iii) Describe how the chlorine gas could gas could be dried in the laboratory. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
b) In an experiment dry chlorine gas was reacted with aluminum as shown in the diagram below.
i) Name substance A. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
ii) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
iii) 0.84g of aluminium reacted completely with chlorine gas. Calculate the volume of chlorine gas used.
(Molar gas volume is 24dm³ Al = 27). (3mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................

iv) Give two reasons why calcium oxide is used in the set-up. (2mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
5. The combustion of propane can be represented by the following equation:
C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (l)
a) i) Define the term ‘molar enthalpy of combustion’ of a compound. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
ii) Use the thermo chemical equations below to answer the questions that follow.
1. C(graphite)(s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) ∆H1 = - 393.5kJ/mole
2. H2 (g) + ½O2 (g) H2O (l) ∆H2 = -285.8kJ/mole
3. 3C(graphite)(s) + 4H2 (g) C3H8 (g) ∆H3 = - 103.7kJ/mole
I. Name the type of enthalpy change represented by ∆H3. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
II. Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction represented by equation 1. (3mks)
iii) Using energy cycle diagram, calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion of propane. (3mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................

b) The enthalpy of formation of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is -3239Kj/mole. Use the bond energies given
below to calculate the bond energy of formation of O-H. (3mks)
C-C = -346kJ/mole
C-H = -414kJ/mole
C-O = -360kJ/mole
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
6. Equal volumes of dilute sulphuric (vi) acid of various concentrations were placed in five test tubes.
0.26g of zinc granules was used in each experiment and time taken for each experiment to be completed
noted. The table below shows the results obtained.
Acid concentration 0.25M 1.5M 1.6M 2.6M 3.5M
Time in sec 500 250 67.5 40 30
1
time( s −1 )
1
a) i) Complete the table above by calculating 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (2mks)

1
ii) Using the grid provided plot a graph of against concentration of the acid. (3mks)
time( s −1 )
iii) Using the graph determine the rate of reaction when the concentration is 1.5M. (1mk)
iv) Briefly explain the relationship between the rate of reaction and concentration. (2mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
v) Identify any other condition if carried would increase the rate of reaction between Zinc and Dilute
suplhuric (vi) acid. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................

b) What volume of hydrogen gas is evolved when all the zinc is reacted with excess dilute sulphuric (vi)
acid. (Zn = 65.4, molar gas volume = 22.4 litres) (3mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
a) What property of mixture S is shown in step 1. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
b) Name the following. (1mk)
i) Solid U
.......................................................................................................................................................................................

ii) Solid V
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
c) Write the formula of precipitate R. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
d) Identify the ions present in solution T. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
e) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between solution T and Barium chloride solution. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
f) Identify mixture S. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
g) i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in which the white precipitate dissolves in excess reagent
in Step II. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
iii) Name the complex ion formed in Step III. (1mk)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
h) Starting with lead (II) oxide, describe how a pure sample of lead (II) sulphate can be prepared in the
laboratory. (3mks)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................

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Name:…………………………………………………Index No. ……………………Class:………….
Adm No: ………………………….Date: …………………Candidate’s Signature…………………….
233/3
CHEMISTRY
Paper 3
TIME:2 ¼ HOURS
KABARAK HIGH SCHOOL

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)
Instructions:
• Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
• You are NOT allowed to start working with the apparatus for the first 15 minutes of the 2 ¼
• Hours allowed for this paper. This time will enable you read through the question paper and make
sure you have all the chemicals and apparatus required.
• Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used
• All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY.

1 20
2 12
3 8
Total score 40
1
- Solution A of Potassium manganate (VII).
- 0.05M solution B of oxalic acid.
- Solution C containing 4.9g of ammonium iron (II) Sulphate, (NH4)2 SO4.FeSO4.6H2O, in
250cm3 of water.
- You are required to:
i) Determine the rate of reaction between oxalic acid and Potassium manganate (VII).
ii) Standardize the solution A.
PROCEDURE I:
Using a measuring cylinder, place 1 cm3 of solution A into each of the five (5) test-tubes in a rack.
Clean the measuring cylinder and use it to place 19cm 3 of solution B into a boiling tube. Prepare a
water bath by placing about 200cm3 of water into a beaker and start to heat. Place a thermometer into
solution B and place it in the warm water until it attains a temperature of 40 oC. Remove the boiling tube
from the water-bath and place it in the test-tube rack. Add the first portion of solution A immediately
and at the same time start a stop watch. Record the time taken of solution A to be decolourised in table I
below. Repeat the procedure at temperatures of 50oC,60oC,70oC and 80oC to complete the table.
Temperature of solution B (oC) 40 50 60 70 80
Time taken for decolourisation (tsecs)
I
/t sec-1
(3 marks)
i) Plot a graph of 1/t against temperature (X-axis) (3 marks)
2
3
ii) From the graph determine the time taken for the mixture to decolourise at 65 oC (2
marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
iii) How does the rate of reaction between oxalic acid and Potassium manganate (VII) vary with
temperature? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
PROCEDURE II
Fill a burette with solution A. Pipette 25cm 3 of solution C into a conical flask and titrate the solution
A against solution C until a permanent pink colour just appears. Record your results in table II
below and repeat the procedure to fill the table.
I II III
Final burette reading (cm3)
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Volume of solution A used (cm3)
(4 marks)
i) Determine the average volume of A used ……………………………………….cm 3

(Show how you arrive at your answer) (1 mark)
4
ii). Calculate the concentration of solution C in moles per litre (Fe, = 56, S = 32,
O = 16, N =1 4, H = 1) (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Find the number of moles of solution C used. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) Given the ionic equation for the reaction is
5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) ⟶ 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l);
Find the number of moles of solution A used. (1 mark)
(v) Determine the concentration of the Potassium manganate (VII), solution A in moles per litre.
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You are provided with solid Q. Carry out the tests below and record your observations and
inferences in the table below.
i) Place half a Spatula full of solid Q in a clean dry test-tube and heat gently then
Strongly.
5
Observations Inferences
(1 mark) (1 mark)
ii). Place the remaining solid Q in a boiling tube and add about 5cm 3 of distilled water and shake well.
Divide the resulting mixture into four portions for the tests below.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
6
a). To the first portion add Sodium hydroxide solution dropwise until in excess.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
b). To the second portion add 2-3 drops of dilute Sulphuric (VI) acid
(1 mark) (1 mark)
7
c). To the third portion add aqueous ammonia dropwise until in excess
(1 mark) (1 mark)
d). To the fourth portion add 2-3 drops acidified barium nitrate solution
(1 mark) (1 mark)
3. You are provided with solid L. carry out the tests below on L and record the observations and
inferences in the spaces provided.
(a) Place half of solid L in a boiling tube and add about 5cm 3 of distilled water
8
(i)
(1 mark) (1 mark)
Divide the solution into two portions and carry out the tests below.
(ii). To the first portion add 2-3 drops of acidified potassium manganate (VII).
(1 mark) (1 mark)
9
(iii). To the second portion add Sodium carbonate provided (1 mark)
(1 mark) (1 mark)
(b). Place the remaining solid L in metallic spatula and ignite it.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
10
Name: …………………………………………………………… Index No. ……………………………
School: …………………………………………………………. Candidate’s Sign. …………..............
Date: ………………………………............................................
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
FRIENDS SCHOOL KAMUSINGA

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.)
Chemistry
Paper 1
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:-
• Write you name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
• Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used form calculations.
• All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
1-28 80
This paper consists of 12 printed pages. Candidates should check to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that no questions
are missing
FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706 1

1. The table below gives some properties of gases M and N
GASES Density Effect of HCl(aq) Effect of KOH(aq)

M Lighter than air Reacts to form a salt dissolves without reacting
N Heavier than air Not affected Not affected
(a) Describe how one would obtain a sample of gas N from a mixture of gases M and N (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name two neutral oxides (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Iron roofing sheets are coated with zinc as sacrificial metal;
(i) What is meant by the term ‘sacrificial’? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Give the name given to the process by which iron sheets are coated with zinc. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Zinc is higher than iron in reactivity series yet it does not corrode as fast as iron.
Explain (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The set-up below was used to investigate the properties of hydrogen gas.
Hydrogen
H2 flame
Heat Lead(II) oxide
Drying agent X

(i) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in the combustion tube. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Suggest a possible drying agent X. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Which property of Hydrogen is under investigation in the set up above? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The table below shows pH values of solutions A to E
Solution E B D A C
pH 3 14 7 6 9
Which solution;
(a) Contains the largest concentration of hydroxyl ions? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Contains the largest concentration of hydrogen ions (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Is likely not to react with solution A? (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Potassium is isotopic and has a relative atomic mass (R.A.M) of 39.5, work out the percentage abundance
39 38
of each isotope. The three isotopes are, K , 40K and K (0.01%) (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. An ion of element Q can be represented as Q 2−
32
16
(a) Draw the structure of the ion (2mks)
(b) How does the ionic radius of Q compare with its atomic radius? Explain. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The electronic configuration for elements represented by letters A, B, C and D are

A 2.8.6
B 2.8.2
C 2.8.1
D 2.8.8
(a) Select the element which forms;
(i) A double charged cation (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) A soluble carbonate (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Which element has the shortest atomic radius (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. When concentrated sodium chloride was electrolysed for a long time. Two gases were
Obtained at the anode;
(i) Name the two gases (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Explain why the gases were obtained. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Using dots ( • ) and crosses (X) to represent electrons, draw diagrams to show bonding in;
(a) C2H4 (C=12 H=1) (1mk)
(b) Hydroxonium ion H3O+ (H=1 O=8) (1 mk)
10. A student reacted Silver Nitrate and Barium Chloride solutions to prepare two salts.
(i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that took place. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Describe how a sample of Lead (II) Chloride and Silver Chloride can be differentiated in the
laboratory (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. A monomer has the following structure. (1mk)
CH=CH2
CH3
a) Draw the structure of its polymer that contains four monomers. (1 mk)

(b) A sample of the polymer formed from the monomer has a molecular mass of 4116. Determine the
number of monomers that formed the polymer (C = 12, H = 1) (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Use the diagram below to answer the questions below:

Copper (II) oxide
Carbon
(II) Oxide Gas G
Heat
(i) Identify gas G (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction taking place in the combustion tube. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Carbon (IV) oxide is said to be a “silent killer”. Explain why? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. 400cm3 of Nitrogen gas diffuses through a porous plug in 70seconds. How long would it 200cm 3 of
Carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse through the same porous pot? (C=12, O=16, N=14) (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. 20.0cm3 of NaOH solution containing 8.0gdm-3 were required for complete neutralization of 0.118g
of a dibasic acid. Calculate the Relative Molecular Mass (R.M.M) of the acid.
(Na=23, O=16, H=1) (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. The diagram below shows the combustion of ethane gas. Study it and answer the questions
that follow:
Gas F
To suction pump
Delivery tube
Ice cold water

Ethane gas
Substance K
(a) Identify substance K (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethane gas. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) The pH of substance K is found to be less than 7. Explain this observation (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. The structure of hydrogen sulphide can be represented as shown below:
X
H
S H
S
Y
H
H
(a) Name the bond type represented by letters X and Y (2mks)

X…………………………………….
Y…………………………….……….

(b) Give a chemical test for hydrogen sulphide gas (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. In the Haber process, the industrial manufacture of ammonia is given by the following equation;
N 2 ( g ) + 3H 2 ( g ) 2 NH 3( g ) H = −97 KJmol −1
(i) What is source of the Hydrogen that is used in the process (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name the catalyst used in the above reaction (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) What is the effect of increasing temperature on yield of ammonia? Explain (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. The curves below were obtained when equal volumes of 1.5M HCl were reacted with 2.0g of marble
chips (CaCO3). In one of the reactions, the acid was warmed before adding the marble chips.
Volume of
I
gas in cm3
II
Time (sec)
(a) Write the equation for the reaction (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Identify the curve representing the reaction where the acid was warmed. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) The volume of the gas produced in the two experiments is the same. Explain. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Chlorine gas was bubbled into a solution of hydrogen sulphide as shown below:
Chlorine
gas
Boiling
tube
Hydrogen
sulphide solution
(i) Explain the observation made in boiling tube. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) What precautions should be taken in the experiment (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Given the bond energies:
H-Cl 431kJ/mol
H-H 435kJ/mol
Cl-Cl 243kJ/mol
Calculate the molar enthalpy change for the formation of hydrogen chloride as per the equation below
H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2HCl (g) (3 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. Study the physical properties of Magnesium and Beryllium. Use it to answer the questions that
follow:
Element Be Mg
Mp oC 1280 650
Bp oC 2450 1110
Atomic number 4 12
Atomic radius (nm) 0.086 0136
(a) Explain why Beryllium has a higher m.p than Magnesium (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write the electron arrangement of Magnesium in the following compound; Mg 3(PO4)2 (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:
Bulb
Graphite
Graphite
Solution of hydrogen
chloride in Methyl benzene
(i)What observation was made during the experiment? Explain? (1½mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) What observation would be made if the solution of hydrogen in methylbenzene was replaced
with solution of hydrogen chloride in water? Explain (1½mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. Describe how you would prepare Copper (II) Chloride, staring with copper metal. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. 0.28g of iron burns in air to form Iron (II) oxide. Calculate the mass of Iron (II) oxide formed
(O=16, Fe=56) (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. a) Define the term solubility (1 mk )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) The following were the results obtained in an experiment to determine the solubility of potassium
nitrate at room temperature.
Mass of evaporating dish = 20.66 g
Mass of evaporating dish+ saturated solution = 44.16 g
Mass of residue on the evaporating dish = 6.1 g
Calculate the solubility of potassium nitrate from the above result. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

26. Given that the Eᶿ of Cu(s) /Cu2+(aq) is +0.34V and that of Zn(s)/ Zn2+ (aq) is -0.76 V, draw a labeled
diagram of zinc and copper electrochemical cell. (3 mks)
27. Aluminium is obtained from its ore, with formula Al 2O3.2H2O. The ore is first heated and refined to
obtain pure aluminium oxide (Al2O3). The oxide is then electrolysed to get Aluminium and Oxygen
gas using carbon electrodes
a) Write the equation that takes place at the anode (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) What would be the importance of heating the ore before electrolysed (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Explain why Aluminium is used for making cooking pans yet it is a reactive metal (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. State two advantages of hard water ( 1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

NAME_________________________________CLASS________INDEX NO________
SIGNATURE_________________________DATE_____________________________
233/2: CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
TIME: 2HRS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
• Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
• All working must be shown where necessary
• Electronic calculators and mathematical tables may be use.
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total score
Max score 12 13 10 15 10 10 10 80
Candidates score
This paper consists of 11 Printed pages.
1 | P a g e FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706

1. The table below gives information about some elements. The letters do not represent the actual
symbols of the elements. Study the information and answer the questions that follow.
Element Atomic Ionic radius nm Formula of oxide Melting point(0c)
radius(nm)
M 0.364 0.421 M2 O -119

K 0.830 0.711 KO2 837
P 0.592 0.485 P2O3 1466
R 0.381 0.446 R2O3 242
Q 0.762 0.676 QO 1054
a) Identify two elements that are non-metals. Give a reason? (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) I) State the valency of elements Q and R. (1mk)
Q………………………………………………………………………………………………..
R……………………………………………………………………………………………….
II)Write a formula of a compound formed when Q combines with M. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
III) What type of bond exists between Q and K. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) The melting point of the oxide of R is lower than that of the oxide of P. Explain. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Identify two elements that would react with each other most vigorously. Give a reason(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Element P would be suitable for making utensils for boiling water. State two properties that
make the element suitable for the use. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. a) The table below gives the solubility of hydrated Copper (II) Sulphate in moldm -3 at different
temperatures.
Temperature(0C) Solubility (moldm-3)
15 6 x 10-2
40 12 x 10-2
60 16 x 10-2
80 22 x 10-2
90 27 x 10-2
100 30 x 10-2
i. On the grid provided plot a graph of solubility of Copper(II) Sulphate (vertical

axis) against temperature. (3mks)

ii. From the graph, determine the mass of copper(II) Sulphate pentahydrate deposited when
the solution is cooled from 900c to 600. (Cu=64, S=32, O=16, H=1). (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
b). In an experiment to determine the solubility of sodium chloride ,5.0 cm 3 of a saturated

solution of sodium chloride weighing 5.35g were placed in a volumetric flask and diluted
3.
to a total volume of 250cm
25.0 cm3 of the dilute solution of sodium chloride completely reacted with 24.1 cm 3 of
0.1 M silver nitrate solution.
Ag NO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) Ag Cl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
Calculate;
i. Moles of silver nitrate in 24.1cm3 of solution. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………
………………………………………………………………
ii. Moles of sodium chloride in 25.0cm3 of solution. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. Moles of sodium chloride in 250cm3 of solution. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………… iv.
Mass of sodium chloride in 5.0cm3 of saturated chloride solution (Na=23.0
Cl=35.5). (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
v. Mass of water in 5.0 cm3 of saturated solution of sodium chloride. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
vi. The solubility of sodium chloride in g/100 g of water. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. In order to find the portion by volume of one of the main constituents of air, a sample of air was passed
through two wash bottles; the first containing aqueous sodium hydroxide and the second containing
concentrated Sulphuric (VI) acid and was then collected in a gas syringe. a) Suggest a reason for passing
air through:
i. Aqueous sodium hydroxide. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. Concentrated Sulphuric (VI) acid. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
b) The volume of the gas collected in the syringe was 80cm 3. This was passed several times over hot
copper powder until no further contraction of volume took place. After cooling to the original
temperature, the volume was found to be reduced to 63.2cm 3.
i. Explain the change in appearance of copper powder as the experiment progressed. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Calculate the percentage of the air used up. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. Name the main gas remaining in the syringe. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
iv. Explain the purity of the main gas remaining in the syringe. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) A piece of sodium metal was exposed to air for some time. Write an equation for any one reaction
that occurred. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name:
I. Gas A ……………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
II. Gas B ……………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
III. Substance C ….…………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
b) Give the structural formula and name of T (2mks)
Structural Formula Name…………………………………………
c) Identify process
D …………………………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)

E …………………………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
F …………………………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
G …………………………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
d) Name the condition and reagent for Step 2 (2mks)
Condition ………………………………………………………………………………........................
Reagent ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
e) Write equation for the complete combustion of the product of process G. (1mk)
………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) To what class of compounds does the products of process D and E belong?
D …………………………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
E …………………………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
g) If the relative molecular mass of C is 63,000, determine n (C = 12, H = 1) (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. a) The standard electrode potential for the elements chlorine and magnesium are: -
Cl2(g) + 2e- 2Cl-(aq) Eθ + 1.36V
Mg2+(aq) + 2e- Mg(s) Eθ - 2.36V

i. Which one of the two elements will act as an oxidizing agent? Explain. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Calculate the electromotive force of a cell where the overall reaction is: - (1mk)

Cl2(g) + Mg(s) MgCl2(s)
……………………………………………………………………………… …………………………
……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
b) The table below gives the reduction standard electrode potentials for divalent metals.
The letters are not their actual symbols. Use them to answer the questions that follow: -
Metal Eθ (volts)
P +1.50
Q - 0.44
R +0.34
S +0.76
i. Select two metals whose half cells can produce the highest voltage when
connected.
……………………………………………………………………………………(1mk)
ii. Draw a well labelled diagram of electrochemical cell formed by half-cells of
metals P and Q.
(2mks)
iii. Calculate the voltage produced by the cell in (ii) above.

(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………...

c) When nitrate solution of a certain metal X was electrolysed, 1.174g of metal X was deposited by
a current of 4 amperes flowing for 16minutes. Determine the formula of
the metal nitrate. (1F= 96,500, R.A.M of X= 59). (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. a) Below is a simplified diagram of the Down’s cell used for the manufacture of sodium. Study
it and answer the questions that follow.
Hole through which NaCl

Is added Chlorine
i. What material is the anode made of? Give a reason. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. What precautions is taken to prevent chlorine and sodium from re-combining.
………………………………………………………………………………………...(1mk)
iii. Write an ionic equation for the reaction in which chlorine gas is formed.
(1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b) In the Down’s process, a certain salt is added to lower the melting point of sodium chloride
from about 8000c to about 6000c.
i). Name the salt that is added. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………….......
ii). State why it is necessary to lower the temperature. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
c). Explain why aqueous sodium chloride is not suitable as an electrolyte for the manufacture of
sodium in the Downs process. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d). State two uses of sodium metal. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The set-up below was used to prepare dry sample of hydrogen Sulphide gas
(a) (i) Complete the diagram to show how the gas was collected. (1mk)
(ii) Identify the following: - (2mks)
I. Solid H ……………………………………………………………………………………
II. Solid I ………………………………………………………………………………………..

(iii) Write an equation for the reaction that occurred in the flask between solid H and
dilute Hydrochloric acid. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) When hydrogen Sulphide gas was passed through a solution of Iron (III) chloride, the
following observations were made: -
(i) the color of the solution changed from reddish-brown to green and
(ii) a yellow solid was deposited. Explain the observations. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) In the manufacture of Sulphuric (VI) acid by contact process Sulphur (IV) oxide is made to
react with air to form Sulphur (VI) oxide as shown: -
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) H = -196KJ

(i) Name the catalyst in this reaction. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………....................................................
(ii) State and explain the effect of the following changes on the yield of Sulphur (VI) oxide
I. Increasing the pressure. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
II. Using a catalyst. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………........
III. Explain why sulphur (VI) oxide gas is absorbed in concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid
before dilution. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name ………………………..……………………Index No. ..………………..…….………stream……..
School ………………………………………………...Date…………………………sign…………...
233/3
CHEMISTRY
Paper 3
PRACTICAL
Time: 2 ¼ Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES.
• You are not allowed to start working with the apparatus for the first 15 minutes of the 2 ¼ hours allowed in this
paper. This is to enable you read the question paper and make sure you have all the chemicals and apparatus
you may need.
• Mathematical tables and Electronic calculators may be used.
For Examiner’s Use only
Question Maximum Score Candidates Score
1 20
2 12
3 8
Total 40
This paper consists of 7 printed pages.

Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated and
no questions are missing
1 FOR MARKING SCHEMES INBOX 0724351706

✓ 4.5g of dibasic acid (H2X. 2H2O), Solid N
✓ 0.4M sodium hydroxide, Solution P
You are required to:
a) You are required to determine the solubility of Solid N in water at different temperatures.
b) Determine RAM of dibasic N in H2X.2H2O.
Procedure I
(a) Place all solid N into a clean boiling tube.

(b) Using a burette, add 4cm3 of distilled water to solid A in the boiling tube. Heat the mixture
while stirring with a thermometer to about 80oC. When all the solid has dissolved allow the
solution to cool while stirring with the thermometer. Note the temperature at which crystals
of solid A first appear. Record this temperature in table I
(c) Using the burette, add 2cm3 of distilled water to the contents of the boiling tube, warm the
mixture while stirring with the thermometer until ALL the solid dissolves. Allow the
mixture to cool while stirring. Note and record the temperature at which crystals of solid N
first appear.
(d) Repeat procedure (b) two more times and record the temperatures in table I.
Retain the contents of the boiling tube for use in procedure (II)
(d) Complete table I by calculating the solubility of solid N at different temperatures.
NOTE:
You may hasten cooling for the first two temperatures readings by pouring cold water from the
tap on the sides of the boiling tube.
a) TABLE I (6marks)
Volume of water added (cm3) 4 6 8 10
Crystallization temperature, (°C)
Solubility of solid C in g/l00g water

(b) Plota graph of solubility of solid N against crystallizing temperature (3marks)
(c) Use your graph to determine

i. the solubility of solid N in water at 55°C. (1 mark)
ii. determine the temperature at which 100g of solid N would dissolve in 100 cm3 of water.
(1 mark)
Procedure II
Transfer the content of the boiling tube into 100ml Measuring cylinder. Rinse both the boiling
tube and thermometer with distilled water and add to the measuring cylinder and shake
thoroughly. Add more water carefully to make up to 100 ml mark. Label this solution N. Fill the
burette with solution N (H2X. 2H2O). Pipette 25cm3 of solution P into a conical flask. Add 2-3
of Phenolphthalein indicator and titrate with solution N. Record your readings in table II below.
Repeat the procedure and complete table II.
Table II (4marks)
I II III
3
Final burette reading (cm )
Volume of solution A used (cm3)
i) Calculate the average volume of solution N used. (1 mark)
ii) Calculate the ;

I. Number of moles of sodium hydroxide in 25 cm3 solution P. (1mark)
II. number of moles dibasic acid solution N used, given the equation for the reaction as;
2NaOH +H2X Na2X + 2H2O (1mark)

III. number of moles of dibasic acid in 100cm3 of solution N (1mark)
iii) Determine the ;

I. Relative formula mass of dibasic acid, H2X.2H2O. (1mark)
II. RAM of X in dibasic acid, H2X.2H2O. (H=1,O=16) (1mark)
2. You are provided with solid M containing two cations and one anion. Carry out the tests
given and record your observations and deductions in the space provided.
(a) Place half of solid M in a clean dry test-tube and heat gently then strongly. Test any gases
produced with both blue and red litmus papers.
Observation Inference
(1mark)
( 2 marks)
(b) Place the remaining solid M into a boiling tube. Add about10cm 3 of distilled water and shake
thoroughly. Divide the resultant mixture into 4 portions.
(i) To the first portion add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution till in excess.
( 1 mark) ( 1 mark)
(ii) To the second portion, add a few drops of ammonium hydroxide solution till in excess.

( 1 mark) ( 1 mark)
(iii) To the third portion, add 2-3 drops of dilute hydrochloric acid.
( 1mark)
(1mark)
(iv) To the third portion, add 2-3 drops of Lead (II) nitrate solution.
( 1mark) (1mark)
(v) To the third portion, add a few drops of Barium chloride solution.
( ½ mark) ( ½ mark)
3) You are provided with solid Q. Carry out the tests below. Record your observations and
i). Place about half of solid Q on a metallic spatula and burnt it using a non-luminous flame
(1mark) (1mark)

ii) Place the remaining solid Q in a clean boiling tube and add about 5cm3 of water and
shake thoroughly.
I) To about 2cm3 of the solution Q, put the universal indicator paper provided to
determine its PH.
( 1mark) ( 1mark)
II) To about 2cm3 of solution Q, add three drops of acidified potassium manganate (VII)
solution and warm.
( 1mark) ( 1mark)
III) To about 2cm3 of solution Q, add solid sodium hydrogen carbonate.
( 1mark) (1mark)

1
ASUMBI GIRLS EVALUATION EXAMINATION-2024

233/1 Paper 1
CHEMISTRY – (Theory)
________________________________________________________________________________________
Name…………………………..……………Index No:………………..Sign ...................................
School………………….……………………Date……….……………………….............................
________________________________________________________________________________________
Instructions to Candidates
(a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
(d) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used.
(e) All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
(f) This paper consists of 12 printed pages.
(g) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no
questions are missing.
(h) Candidates should answer the questions in English.
__________________________________________________________
For Examiner’s Use Only
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Grand
Total
for marking schemes inbox 0724351796

233/1
2
1. The electron arrangement of ions X+, Y2+ and W3- are 2.8, 2.8 and 2.8.8 respectively.
a) Write the electron arrangement of their atoms. (1 ½ mks)
b) Arrange the atoms in the order of increasing atomic radius starting with the smallest. Give a reason for
the order. (1 ½ mks)
2. The diagram below shows a diagram of non-luminous flame. A piece of white paper he slipped into the region
of the flame as shown in the diagram and quickly removed before it catches fire.
a) Draw and label the piece of paper to show how it is affected by the above flame. (1 mk)
b) Explain why the flame in (a) above should be turned to a luminous one when not in use in the
laboratory. (1 mk)
3. A student added very dilute hydrochloric acid to four substances and recorded their observations down in the
table below.
Test Substance Gas given off

1 Zinc NO
2 Carbon NO
3 Copper YES
4 Sodium YES
For which test are the observations wrong? Explain. (3 mks)

233/1
3
4. Part of a structure of a polymer is given below

-CH2-CH-CH2-CH-CH2-CH-
CN CN CN
a) Draw the structure of the monomer. (1 mk)
b) Given that the relative molecular mass of the polymer is 7950, Determine the number of monomers in the
polymer [C=12.0,H=1.0,N=14) (1 mk)
c) Give one use of the polymer. (1 mk)
5. The diagram below represents a setup of apparatus used to investigate the effect of current on aluminium
oxide.
a) Name a possible material that could be M ( ½ mks)
b) Indicate on the diagram the direction of the electron flow. ( ½ mks)

c) Write the ionic equation for the reaction that occurs at the anode. ( 1 mk)
6. a) Define the term ionization energy. ( 1 mk)

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4
b) The table below gives the first ionization energies of two elements Q&R
Element Q R
Ionization energy 44 418
(kJmol-1)
Explain the difference in their activities of the two elements. (2 mks)
7. a) Using dot(.) and crosses (x) show the bonding in the compound formed when phosphorus combines with
hydrogen [P=15.0,H=1.0] ( 2 mks)
b) Give a reason why the compound formed in a above is capable of combining with an oxygen atom.
( 1 mk)
8. a) State the Charles law ( 1 mk)
b) Using kinetic theory of matter, explain why the pressure of a fixed mass of a gas decreases with increase in
volume at a constant temperature? ( 2 mks)
9. Concentrated sulphuric (iv) acid was left exposed in air for a few day. It was found that the level of the acid
had risen.
a) Why did the level of the acid in the container rise? ( 1 mk)

233/1
5
b) What property of the acid is shown by the rise in the level of the acid. ( 1 mk)
c) How this property in (b) above useful in the laboratory? (1mk)
10. In a laboratory experiment hydrogen gas was passed over heated copper(ii) oxide as shown in the diagram
below.
Describe a chemical test that can be used to identify the product A (2mks)
11. a) Suppose 180cm3 of a 2.0 M solution is diluted to 1Litre. What will be the concentration of the resulting
solution? ( 2 mks)
b) Why is water not used to put off oil fires? ( 1 mk)
12. Give the systematic names of the following compounds.

a) CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 (1 mk)
CH3 _______________________________________________________________________________________________
b)CH3-CH-CH2-CH2OH (1 mk)
CH2CH3 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
O
c)CH3-CH2-C-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3______________________________________________________ (1 mk)

233/1
6
13. Below is a representation of an electrochemical cell

Pb(s)/Pb2+(aq)//Ag+(aq)/Ag(s)
a) What does the // present? (1 mk)
b) Given the following E o volts

Pb2+ + 2e- Pb -0.13
Ag+ +e- Ag +0.80
Calculate the E.M.F of the electrochemical cell (1 mk)
14. (a) Draw a pipette (1 mk)
(b) Give two reasons why most laboratory apparatus are made of glass? (2 mks)
15. State the difference between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction.
b) A radio active element X decays as shown below.
216 208
𝑋 𝑃𝑏 + aα +bβ
84 82
Determine the values of a and b in the equation.
16. Study the setup below and answer the questions that follow.

233/1
7
a)Why is aqueous ammonia warmed gently? (1 mk)
b) What is the colour of the flame? (1 mk)
c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place. (1 mk)
17. a) State Le’ Chatelier’s principle (1 mk)
When calcium carbonate is heated the equilibrium shown below is established

CaCO3(s) ⇌CaO(s) + CO 2(g)
How would the position of the equilibrium be affected if the pressure is increased? Explain (2 mks)
Soda lime Compound A
Step I
Methane
Step II excess oxygen gas

chlorine gas step III
Compound B Gas C + Water
a) Name the compunds (1 mk)

i. A ………………………………………..
ii. B …………………………………………
b) Write an equation for the reaction taking place in Step I (1 mk)

233/1
8
c) Name the type of reaction taking place in Step II (1 mk)
19. Draw a well labelled diagram on how to prepare and collect dry carbon (IV) oxide using calcium carbonate.
(3mks)
20. Manganese (IV) oxide is mixed with hydrogen peroxide to form oxygen gas and is mixed with concentrated
hydrochloric acid to form chlorine gas in the laboratory.
a) Stated the role of manganese (iv) in
i. Preparation of chlorine ( 1/2 mks)
ii. Preparation of oxygen ( 1/2 mks)
b) Write chemical equation for direction that lead to;

i. Production of oxygen (1 mk)
ii. Production of chlorine (1 mk)
21. a) Chlorides of sodium and aluminium are given in the table below. Complete the table by writing the
properties of the chlorides (2 mks)
Property NaCl AlCl3
Bonding
structure
b) Sodium carbonate powder were added to aqueous solution of aluminium chloride, state and explain the
observation made. (1 mk)
22. 1.0g of an alloy of copper and aluminium were reacted with excess hydrochloric acid. If 840cm3 of hydrogen
gas at s.t.p was produced, calculate the percentage of copper in the alloy. (3 mks)
3
(Cu=64.0,Al=27.0, Molar gas volume=22.4dm )

233/1
9
23. An unknown liquid was added dropwise 20cm3 of purified wood ash solution. The pH value was recorded after
the addition of every 10 drops and a graph of pH against the number of drops added was plotted as shown
below.
i.
From the graph state the nature of the unknown liquid (1 mk)
ii. explain the shape of the graph at points KL (2 mks)
24. An experiment was carried out to determine the presence of substances E,A,B,C and D
a) Name the method of separation illustrated in the above figure. (1 mk)
b) Select;
i. One substance which contains a component NOT present in E (1 mk)
ii. A pure absence which is most soluble in the solvent used. (1 mk)
25. a)What is hardness of water? (1mk)

233/1
10
b)
Sample of water Volume of soap Volume of soap
before boiling after boiling
A 30 10
B 30 30
i. Name the type of water hardness in sample A. Explain (1 mk)
ii. Write an equation to show what happens when sample of water A is boiled (1 mk)
26. The diagram below illustrates a blast furnace which is used in the extraction of iron. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.
a) Name the substances that are fed into the blast furnace at point S (1 mk)
b) Z is the hottest point in the blast furnace. Give the reaction that is responsible for the high temperature.
(1 mk)
c) Write the equation for the reaction in which iron (III) oxide is reduced to iron metal. (1 mk)

233/1
11
27. Some white coloured flowers Well put inside a glass jar containing sulphur (vi) oxide gas
a) State and explain using an equation the observation made (2 mks)
b) How is the above reaction different from the one of chlorine gas. (1 mk)
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
28. The structure below represents a type of cleansing agent.
a) Explain how the cleansing causes water pollution (1 mk)
b) Describe how the cleansing agent removes that from a cloth. (2 mks)
29. Use the flow chart below to answer the questions that follow.
NaCl(aq)
White precipitate W Colourless solution A
Step I
Step II NaOH (aq)

White precipitate
Step III Excess NaOH(aq)
i. Aluminium foil
Colourless gas that turns moist ii. Warm Colourless solution
red litmus paper blue
a) Identify the cation and the anion in the solution. (2 mks)
Cation ……………………….
Anion …………………..
b) Write the ionic equation for the reaction in step III (1 mk)

233/1
1

233/2 Paper 2
CHEMISTRY – (Theory)
2024 - 2 Hours
__________________________________________________________________
Name…………………………..……………Index No:………………..Sign ..........
School………………….…………………… Date……….…………………
_________________________________________________________
(d) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used.
indicated and that no questions are missing.
__________________________________________________________
QUESTION MAXIMUM CANDIDATES
SCORE SCORE
1 11
2 12
3 12
4 12
5 13
6 10
7 10
TOTAL 80
FOR MS CALL 0724351706

233/2
2
1. (a) The table below shows information about some elements (Letters are not the actual
symbols of the elements).
Element K M N P Q R S T
Atomic number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
(i) Write the electronic arrangement of the most stable ion of Q. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Identify the strongest reducing agent. Explain (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Draw dot (•) and cross (X) diagrams for the compound formed when K reacts
with R. (2 mks)
(iv) Compare the melting point of oxide of element M and oxide of element K.
Explain (2 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………..……
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) The grid below is part of the periodic table. Use it to answer the questions that
follow. (The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements).
H X
M V W Z Y U
(i) How do the ionization energies of elements M and T compare? Explain

(1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
3
(ii) The chloride of element W was dissolved in water and solid sodium carbonate
added to the resulting solution. Explain the observation made. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Compare the atomic and ionic radii of element Y. Explain (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) State one use of element U. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. (I) In an experiment to determine the molar heat of neutralization, 50cm 3 of 1M
Hydrochloric acid was neutralized by adding dilute sodium hydroxide solution.
During the experiment, the data in the table below was obtained.
Volume of NaOH(cm3) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temperature of the mixture (°C) 25 27 29 31 31 30 29
(a) On the grid provided, plot a graph of temperature against volume of sodium
hydroxide. (3 mks)
4
(b) From the graph, determine:

(i) Volume of sodium hydroxide solution which completely neutralized the
acid. (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Change in temperature when complete neutralization occurred. (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Calculate the molar heat of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with
sodium hydroxide solution. (C= 4.2J/g/k, density of solution = 1g/cm3)
(3 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(II) Study the graph below which shows how the concentration differ in the following
dynamic equilibrium.
2−
Cr2𝑂7(𝑎𝑞) + H2O(l) ⇌ 2−
2Cr𝑂4(𝑎𝑞) + 2H+(aq)
(Orange) (Yellow)
(a) Define the term dynamic equilibrium. (1 mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Which of the two curves represents the concentration of Cr 2𝑂72− ? (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State and explain the observation that would be made if 1cm3 of sodium
hydroxide was added to the equilibrium mixture represented above. (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5
3. (a) Study the flow chart below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
Hydrogen Nitrogen
Catalyst Step I
H2SO4(aq) Ammonia Hot Gas Y + Solid Q

Salt P Copper (ii)
oxide
(i) Oxygen
Step II
(ii) Catalyst
Gas X
(i) Oxygen
Step III
(ii) Water
Heat NH3(g)
Products Nitric (V) acid Salt R
Step IV Step V
(i) Give one condition other than the use of the catalyst that would favour the
reaction in step I. (½ mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in step III. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) What is the main source of hydrogen gas used in step I? (½ mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Concentrated nitric (V) acid is usually transported in containers made of
alluminium and not copper. Explain (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(v) If 200cm3 of ammonia gas measured at room temperature and pressure reacted
completely with the hot copper (ii) Oxide, calculate the mass of solid Q
formed (Cu = 64, M.G.V at r.t.p = 24dms) (2 mks)
6
(b) Dry hydrogen gas was passed over heated magnesium ribbon as shown below. The
Gas produced was then passed through heated copper (ii) oxide.
(i) What is the function of water in the flask. (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write chemical equations for the reactions that took place in the:
Tube A ……………………………………………………………… (1 mk)
Tube B ……………………………………………………………… (1 mk)
(iii) How would the total mass of tube B and its contents compare before and after
the experiment? Explain (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) Explain the observation that can be made when sodium carbonate powder is
added to a solution of hydrogen chloride in a test – tube. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
4. (a)
Crushed Powdered Step II Concentrated Ore
Ore Ore
Step I Mixed with water,
oil, and air Roasted in
limited air
Step III SO2(g
)
Copper (i) Roasted in presence of sand

Sulphide Copper (i) sulphide and
Iron (ii) oxide
Step IV
SO2(g) Heated in
converter
Slag
Cooled Blister Electrolysis

Liquid copper Copper Pure copper
Step VI Step VII
7
(i) Write the formular of the major ore of copper metal. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name the process in step II. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Give an equation for the reaction that occurs in step III. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Explain what happens in step IV. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
(v) Draw a simple diagram showing the set-up that is used in the electrolytic
purification of copper. (2 mks)
(b) The diagram below is Down’s cell.
(i) Name substances:

A - ………………………………………………………………(½ mk)
B - ………………………………………………………………(½ mk)
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction occurring at the part labelled C.
(1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
8
(iii) During this process, calcium chloride was added. Give a reason (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) What property of sodium makes it possible for it to be collected as in the
diagram (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
(v) State and explain one environmental effect that may arise from extraction of
sodium. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
(vi) Give two industrial uses of sodium. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
5. (a) Study the standard reduction potentials below and answer the questions that follow;
The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Half cell E(volts)

2+
𝑃(𝑎𝑞) + 2𝑒 − 𝑃(𝑠) −0.76
2+
𝑅(𝑎𝑞) + 2𝑒 − 𝑅(𝑠) −2.37
+
𝑆(𝑎𝑞) + 1𝑒 − 𝑆(𝑠) +0.84
2+
𝑇(𝑎𝑞) + 2𝑒 − 𝑇(𝑠) −0.14
−
𝐵2(𝑔) + 2𝑒 − 2𝐵(𝑎𝑞) +1.07
𝐴2(𝑔) + 2𝑒 − 𝐴−(𝑎𝑞) 0.00
(i) Select the substance that can be used as a reference electrode. Give a reason.
(1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Draw a well labelled diagram of an electrochemical cell that would give the
highest e.m.f. (2 mks)
(iii) Calculate the e.m.f of the electrochemical cell in (ii) above. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
9
(b) 1.9g of a metal F was deposited when its aqueous salt was electrolyzed by passing a
current of 0.6A for 1.5 hours. Determine the oxidation number of F (R.A.M of
F = 113; 1F = 96,500C) (3 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) The set – up below was used by a student to investigate the product formed when
aqueous copper (ii) chloride was electrolyzed using platinum electrodes.
•switch
•
Platinum electrodes
……………………………………..
Aqueous copper (ii) ………………………………….
chloride ……………………………………..
(i) Write an equation for the reaction taking place at the anode. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Explain the change in the colour of the solution as the reaction progresses.
(2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Complete the table below to show products of electrolysis for dilute calcium chloride
concentrated calcium chloride at the anode and cathode: (2 mks)
Electrolyte Anode Cathode
Dilute Calcium chloride
Concentrated calcium
chloride
10
6. (a) Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds.

(i) CH3(CH2)5CH3 (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) CH3CHCl CHBr CH3 (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Study the flowchart below and answer the questions that follow.
R − CH − CH2 Conc. H2SO4(l)

Colourless liquid
NaOH(aq)
Detergent + water
(i) What is the type of detergent prepared in this process? (1 mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State what would be observed if this detergent is used in hard water. (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Perspex is a synthetic polymer formed from the monomer below;
H COOCH3
C C
H
CH3
(i) Draw the polymer with three repeating units. (1 mk)
(ii) A sample of Perspex has a mass of 100,000g. Calculate the number of

monomers in the Perspex. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
11
(d) Study the reaction scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
Sodium propanoate
Sodalime
Heat
Process II
A B
H2; Ni
Process I
Alluminium oxide
Heat
(i) Identify substances: C A(1½ mks)

A - ………………………………………………………………………
B - ………………………………………………………………………
C - ………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Another substance D combines with one mole of hydrogen gas to form
substance B. Give the structural formula of D. (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………...........
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………...
(iii) What property of substance B makes Process II. Possible (½ mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………...
(e) State one disadvantage of synthetic polymers. (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. (a) The diagram below represents a set – up intended for the preparation and collection
of dry chlorine gas. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
12
(i) Identify two mistakes in the set – up and give a reason for each. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………….........
………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the role of manganese (iv) oxide. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………….........
………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between potassium bromide solution
and chlorine. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………….........
………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Give two differences between diamond and graphite. (2 mks)
Diamond Graphite
(i)
(ii)
(c) Carbon reacts with hot concentrated sulphuric (vi) acid.

(i) What property of carbon is illustrated by this reaction? (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write down an equation for this reaction. (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Carbon (iv) oxide is bubbled into an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide until it is
in excess. A sample of the resulting solution is heated to dryness in an evaporating
dish.
(i) Identify the residue formed. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction that forms the residue. (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
1

233/3 Paper 3
CHEMISTRY – (Practical)
2024 – 21/4 hours
______________________________________________________________________________
Name…………………………..……………Index No:………………..Sign ...............................
School………………….……………………Date……….………………………..........................
______________________________________________________________________________
(d) You are not allowed to start working with the apparatus for the first 15 minutes of the 2 1/4
hours allowed for this paper. This time is to enable you read the question paper and make
sure you have all the chemicals and apparatus that you may need.
(e) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be
used.
(f) All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
(g) This paper consists of 6 printed pages.
(h) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed
as indicated and that no questions are missing.
(i) Candidates should answer the questions in English.
_________________________________________________________
Question Maximum Candidate’s

Score Score
1 20
2 10
3 10
Total Score 40

233/3
2
1(a) You are provided with the following:
- Solution A of an acid HnP

- Magnesium ribbon, solid M
- 0.4M NaOH, solution H
- Stopwatch/ clock
i) Rate of reaction between magnesium metal and an acid HnP at different concentrations
ii) The value of n in HnP
PROCEDURE I
i) Put five test-tubes in the test-tube rack and label them 1,2,3,4 and 5
ii) Measure out the volumes of HnP, Solution A, as shown in the table I and pour into the
corresponding test-tubes.
iii) Add the corresponding volumes of water as shown.
iv) Cut out five pieces each of 1 cm in length of magnesium, solid M.
v) Transfer all the solution of the test-tube I into the clean 100ml or 50ml beaker provided.
vi) Place 1 piece of magnesium into the beaker and start the stopwatch/ clock immediately
vii) Swirl the beaker continuously by ensuring the solid is always inside.
viii) Record the time taken for the magnesium to react completely and disappear.
ix) Clean the beaker and repeat steps (v) to (viii) for each of the solutions in test-tubes 2 to 5 and
complete Table I
TABLE I
TEST TUBE NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5
Volume of solution A, HnP(cm3 ) 8 9 10 11 12
Volume of water (cm3) 4 3 2 1 0
Time taken (s)
Rate of reaction=1⁄𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (s-)
(5mks)

233/3
3
i) Plot a graph of rate of reaction, 1⁄𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 on y-axis against volume of solution A, Hn P (3mks)
i) From your graph, determine the time it would take 1cm of magnesium ribbon to disappear.
When 2.5cm3 of water was added to solution A and used (2mks)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Explain how the rate of reaction varies with concentration (2mks)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

233/3
4
b) PROCEDURE II
Measure 50cm3 of solution A into the 250ml volumetric flask.
Top up with distilled water as you shake to the mark. Label it solution B. Transfer solution B into the
burette. Pipette 25cm3of solution H into the conical flask.
Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrate with solution B until there is a permanent change in
the colour. Repeat the experiment two more times to get consistent titres and complete table II
TABLE II (4mks)
I II III
Volume of solution B used (cm3)
i) Determine the average volume of HnP used (1mk)
____________________________________________________________________________
ii) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide in 25cm3 used (1mk)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
iii) Determine the ratio of volume used of NaOH to HnP (1mk)
_____________________________________________________________________________
iv) Given that the volume ratio is the same as the mole ratio, determine the value of n(basicity)
of the acid HnP (1mk)
____________________________________________________________________________

233/3
5
2. You are provided with solid N. carry out the tests below and write your observations and
a) Take about a third of N in a metallic spatula and ignite on a Bunsen flame.
(1mk) (1mk)
b) Put the remaining solid N in a boiling tube, add about 8cm3 of distilled water and shake or
stir. Keep the mixture for experiments (c) to( e).
(1mk) (1mk)
c) To about 2cm3 of the mixture in (b) add two drops of acidifiedK2Cr2O7 and warm slightly
(1mk) (1mk)
d) To about 2cm3 of the mixture add about a third of sodium hydrogen carbonate provided
observations Inferences
(1mk) (1mk)
e) To about 2cm3 of the mixture in (b), determine its pH
(1mk) (1mk)

233/3
6
3.a) You are provided with solid G. Place all the solid G in a boiling tube. Add about 8cm3 of
distilled water and stir or shake thoroughly for about 30 seconds. Use one of the filter papers, filter,
and keep both filtrate and residue for the experiments that follow
(1mk) (1mk)
b) Take the residue and cover it with the second filter paper to dry as you proceed with the filtrate. Use
about 2cm3 of the filtrate at a time.
i) To the first portion add two drops of lead(II)nitrate followed by 2MHNO3(as) drop wise till in
excess.
(1mk) (1mk)
ii) To the second portion add 2 drops of acidified potassium chromate(VI)
(1mk) (1mk)
c) (i) Transfer the residue into an empty boiling tube. Add about 4cm 3 of 2MHNO3(aqs) and heat to boil.
Take care not to spill the contents. Allow to cool for about 2 minutes
(1mk) (1mk)
(ii) Take about 2cm3 of the resultant mixture in c(i) and add 2MNH3(aqs) drop wise until in excess
(1mk) (1mk)
THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.

233/3
Name: …………………………………………………………. Adm No: ……………….
School: ……………………………………………………….. Class: …………………..
Signature: …………………………………… Date: …………………...
MARANDA SCHOOL CLUSTER EXAMS
CHEMISTRY 233/1
Form 4- Paper 1
Time: 2 Hours
▪ Write your Name, Index Number and School in the spaces provided above.
▪ Answer all the questions in the spaces provided after each question.
▪ KNEC Mathematical tables and silent non-programmable electronic calculators may be
used.
▪ ALL working must be clearly shown where necessary.
▪ Candidate should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed
and that no questions are missing.
▪ Candidates should answer the questions in English.
QUESTIONS MAX SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1 – 27 80
This paper consists of 11 printed pages. Candidates should check to ascertain that all pages are
printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
1
1. The set-up below shows the catalytic oxidation of ammonia in the laboratory.
(a) State and explain the observation made. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write a chemical equation for the first reaction taking place in the conical flask. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. When sulphur is heated in a boiling tube in the absence of air, the yellow crystals melts
into a golden yellow mobile liquid at 113°C. The liquid changes at 180°C into a dark
brown liquid that is very viscous. Heating at 400°C produces a brown less viscous
liquid.)
(a) Draw the molecular structure of sulphur in the yellow liquid. (1 mark)
(b) Name two allotropes of sulphur. (2 marks)
2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Iron (III) oxide was found to be contaminated with copper (II) sulphate. Describe how a
pure sample of iron (III) oxide can be obtained. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Study the diagram below then use it to answer the questions that follow.
wooden splint
a) Draw the wooden splint at the end of the experiment. If it was slipped, then removed
quickly.
(1 mark)
b) Explain the appearance of the wooden splint in (a) above. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Identify the acid in the following reaction. Give a reason. (2 marks)

NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) → NH3 (aq) + H2O (l)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. State two methods that can be used to remove water hardness. (1 mark)
3
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. (a) Define the term solubility. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) In an experiment to determine the solubility of solid Q in water at 50 oC, the following
data was obtained.
Mass of empty evaporating dish = 46.5 g
Mass of evaporating dish + saturated solution = 62.5 g
Mass of evaporating dish + dry solid Q = 50.4 g
Use the data to calculate the solubility of solid Q. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. What is meant by lattice energy? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Use the information below to calculate the heat of solution of calcium chloride.
(2 marks)
Lattice energy of CaCl2 -2195 kJ/mol

Hydration energy of Ca2+ (g) -189 kJ/mol
Hydration energy of Cl- (g) -384 kJ/mol
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. (a) State Boyle’s law. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) A gas occupies 500 cm3 at 37oC and 100,000 Pa. What will be its volume at 10oC and
101,325Pa? (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Describe how a solid sample of copper (II) carbonate can be prepared starting with
copper metal. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. (a) Give the name of the 3rd member of the alkene homologous series. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Draw and name all isomers of butane. (2 marks)
5
12. Draw a diagram to illustrate the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide. (3 marks)
13. (a) A molecule of a compound has a mass of 7.34 x 10-23 g. Calculate its RMM.
L = 6.023 x 1023 (2 marks).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State Avogadro’s law. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. The diagram below represents a set of apparatus used to study the properties of chlorine
water.
(a) Name gas X. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Write an equation for the reaction that produces gas X. (1 mark)
6
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Give one use of chlorine. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. (a) What is the meaning of polymerization? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Draw and name the structure of polymer formed from propene. (2 marks)
16. A sample of 0.63g of lead powder were dissolved in excess nitric (V) acid to form lead
(II) nitrate solution. All the lead (II) nitrate was then reacted with sodium sulphate
solution.
(a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between sodium sulphate solution and
lead (II) nitrate solution. (1 mark)
(b) Determine the mass of the lead salt formed in the reaction in (a) above. (2 marks)
(Pb = 207, S = 32, O = 16)
17. For each of the following experiments, give the observations and the type of change that
occurs (temporary physical or temporary chemical) (3 marks)
7
Experiment Observation Type of change
A few drops of
water are added to
small amount of
anhydrous copper
(ii) sulphate
A few crystals of
iodine are heated
gently in a test
tube
18. What is the role of the following parts during the fractional distillation of a mixture of
water and ethanol?
(i) Fractionating column (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Glass beads in the fractionating column (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) State any one application of fractional distillation process. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. (a) Carbon (IV) oxide does not support combustion but burning magnesium continues to
burn in carbon (IV) oxide. Explain. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write an equation for the reaction in (a) above. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8
20. The diagram below is a section of a model of the structure of element T.
+ + + + KEY
+ + + + + Charged nucleus
+ + + + An electron
a) State the type of bonding that exists in T. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) In which group of the periodic table does element T belong? Give a reason. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. Below are pH values of some solutions.
Solution Z Y X W
pH 6.5 13.5 2.2 7.2
i) Which solution is likely to be
I. acidic rain………………………………........ (1 mark)
II. Potassium hydroxide ……………………………… (1 mark)
ii) Substance V reacted with both solutions Y and X. What is the nature of V. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Draw a set up that can be used to prepare dry hydrogen gas in the laboratory. (3 marks)
9
23. The grid below represents a part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions
that follow. Letters are not actual symbols of elements.
F I M O
G J K L N P
H Q
(a) How does the atomic radius of K compare to that of L? Explain. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Element R forms an oxide of the formula RO2 and belongs to period 2. Indicate in the
grid the position of R. (1 mark)
(c) Write down the formula of the compound formed between K and P. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. When Na2CO3.XH2O is heated strongly it loses 63.20% of its mass. Calculate the value
of X. (Na=23.0, C=12.0,O=16.0,H=1.0) (3marks)
10
25. (a) Give the meaning of the term prescription. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) A patient was given tablets with prescription 2 x 3 on the envelope. Clearly outline how
the patient should take the tablets.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State two long-term effects of drug abuse. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. Describe a chemical test that can be used to distinguish between aqueous solutions of
sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. To which homologous series do the following general formulae conform to? ( 3marks)
CnH2n………………………………………… .
CnH2n-2…………………………………………
CnH2n+2 .…………………………………………
…………………………..THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE……………………………...
11
CHEMISTRY
Form 4- Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours
Name: …………………………………………………………. Adm No: ……………….
School: ……………………………………………………….. Class: …………………..
Signature: …………………………………… Date: …………………...
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

• Write your Name and admno in the spaces provided above.
• Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used for calculations.
• All working must be clearly shown where necessary
For Examiner’s Use only.
1 13
2 11
3 12
4 12
5 12
6 10
7 10
Total score 80
1
1. (a) The following table gives the standard electrode potential for a number of half-reactions.
Half-reaction Eº (V)
Zn2+aq) + 2e- Zn (s) -0.76
Fe2+ (aq) + 2e- Fe(s) -0.44
Ag+(aq) + e- Ag (s) + 0.80
Cu2+aq) + 2e- Cu (s) +0.34
i) Draw an electrochemical cell for the reaction that would give the least e.m.f.
(3 marks)
ii) Determine the e.m.f of the cell in (i) above (2 marks)

………………………………………………………...………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Select the strongest oxidizing agent. Give reason. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(b) In the production of aluminum from aluminum oxide, 100 A was passed for 6 hours
and 40 minutes. Determine the mass of aluminum obtained. (1F = 96500C, Al = 27)
(3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………
.….……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2
(c) Define;
(i) Primary cell; (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) fuel cell. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Give one reason for electroplating (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. (a) (i) What is fractional crystallization (1
mark)
……………………………………………………………………………..…………
…………………………………….…………………………………………………
(ii) The table below shows the solubility of two salts A and B at various
Temperatures
Salt Solubility at various temperatures(ºC)
50 20
A 86 g 31 g
B 18 g 8g
A mixture of the salts contains 29.5 g of salt A and 16.25 g of salt B at 50 ºC. The
mixture is cooled to 20 ºC. Determine the mass of the salt that crystallizes(3
marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….……………….
3
(b) Explain how the use of ion exchange resin removes water hardness
(2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
(c) Name two disadvantages of hard water (2
marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) State and explain the observations made when aqueous ammonia is added
dropwise until in excess to a solution of copper (II) nitrate.
(3 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….……………….
3. (a) (i) State Gay Lussac’s law of combining gas volumes. (1
mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………..……………………………………………………..…
(ii) 100 cm3 of propane was ignited in 180 cm3 of oxygen and the gaseous
product allowed to cool. Determine the volume of the residual gas. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) (i) What's is empirical formula? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) contains 40.92 % C, 4.58 % H, and 54.50 % O, by mass.
(C=12.0, H=1.0, O= 16.0)
(i) Determine it's empirical formula. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….……………….
(ii) Given that the experimentally determined molecular mass of ascorbic acid is
176 amu, determine its molecular formula. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………..…………………………………………………………………………………….…
………………….…………………………………………………………………….………
(c) A solution of calcium nitrate is made by dissolving 16.4 g in 2 litres of solution. Calculate
the concentration of nitrate ions in moles per liter. (Ca = 40, N = 14, O = 16) (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
5
4 (a) Give the IUPAC name of the following organic compounds
(i) C(CH3)4 (1 mark)
. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) C(CH3)3Br (1 mark)
…………………………………...………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) HCCCH2CH3 (1
mark)
…………………………………...………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Describe how C(CH3)3Br would be distinguished from HCCCH2CH3 .

(2 marks)
………………….………………...……………………………………………......…..
………………………………………………………………………………......……..
.......................................................................................................................................
(c) Ethyne can be prepared by adding water to calcium carbide.
(i) Write the equation for the reaction which occurs. (1

mark)
…………………………………...………………………………………………..
6
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Explain why ethyne may be collected over water

(1 mark)
…………………………………...………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii). Give two uses of ethyne.

(2 marks)
…………………………………...………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) Draw the structure of all organic compounds with the molecular formula C 5H12
(3 marks)
7
5. (a) The diagram below shows part of the periodic table. The letters used in it do not
represent the actual symbols of the elements. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
(i) Compare the trend in atomic radius between element D and E . (2 marks)
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
(ii) What name is given to the elements in the same group as element H? (1 mark)
........................................................................................................................................
(iii) Write down the formula of the oxide of E (1 mark)
....................................................................................................................................................
(iv) An element F is found just above element D in the periodic table. Write down
the electronic configuration of element F. (1
mark)
8
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(v) Select the most reactive non-metal (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(vi) Give two uses of element G (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(vii) A sample of the chloride of C was dissolved in distilled water. Both red and blue
litmus papers were dipped into this solution. State and explain what was observed.
(2
marks)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(b). The table below gives information on four elements by letters E, F, G, and H. study it
answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the
elements.
Element Electron arrangement Atomic radius(nm) Ionic radius(nm)
E 2.8.2 0.136 0.065
F 2.8.7 0.099 0.181
G 2.8.8.1 0.203 0.133
H 2.8.8.2 0.174 0.099
(i) The ionic radius of H is smaller than its atomic radius. Explain. (2 marks)
………………………………..………………………………………………………………
9
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction between E and chlorine (1 mark)
………………………………..………………………………………………………………..
............................................................................................................................................……
6 The set-up below was used to prepare Nitric (V) acid.
(i) Give the name of substance N. (1

mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction which takes place in the retort flask. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Explain the following;
(I) nitric (V) acid is stored in dark bottles. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(II) No gas is evolved when 0.5 M nitric (V) acid is reacted with copper turnings
(2 marks)
10
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) A factory uses nitric (V) acid and ammonia gas as the only reactants for the
preparation of fertilizer. If the daily production of the fertilizer is 4,800kg,
Determine the volume of ammonia used daily. (N=14.0, O=16.0, H=1.0, Molar gas
volume =24 000cm3) (3
marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
....................................................................................................................................................
(v) Give two uses of nitric (V) acid (2 marks)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
11
7 (a) In an experiment to study the rate of reaction excess calcium was reacted with 50cm 3
of 1M hydrochloric acid. The volume of hydrogen liberated was collected in a
syringe and recorded in the table below.
Time(sec) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Volume of hydrogen (cm3) 0 60 90 105 112 116 118 120 120
(i) Plot a graph of volume of hydrogen against time. (3 marks)
12
(ii) From the graph determine;
(I) Volume of hydrogen when t =36 seconds (1 mark)
....................................................................................................................................................
(II) The time when volume is 100 cm3. (1 mark)
...............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(b). State two factors affecting reaction rate (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) What is dynamic equilibrium? (1 mark)
13
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(d) Dinitrogen tetraoxide and nitrogen (IV) oxide exists in a dynamic equilibrium as
shown below.
N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g) ∆H= +ve
(yellow) (brown)
State and explain effect of heating the above mixture on the equilibrium (2 marks)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
14
Name: …………………………………………………………. Adm No: ……………….
School: ……………………………………………………….. Class: …………………..
Signature: …………………………………… Date: …………………...
CHEMISTRY
Form 4- Paper 3
Time: 2 Hours
Instruction to the candidates

a) Write your Name and Index Number, Admission Number and Class in the
spaces provided at the top of this page.
b) Answer all the questions in the spaces in the spaces provided in this paper
using English.
c) KNEC Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
d) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiner’s use only

Questions Maximum score Candidate’s Score
1 22
2 12
3 06
40
This paper consists of 7 printed Pages and candidates should check the question paper to ensure
that all the pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.
1
• 4.0g of solid P, ethane-1,2-dioic acid with formula (COOH)2.nH2O.
• Solution Q, 0.2 M sodium hydroxide solution.
• The solubility of solid P.

• The relative formula mass of the acid (COOH)2.nH2O
Procedure I
(i) Fill the burette with distilled water.

(ii) Place all solid P into a boiling tube.
(iii) Transfer 4.0 cm3 of distilled water from the burette into the boiling tube containing
solid P.
(iv) Heat the mixture gently while stirring with a thermometer until all the solid dissolves.
(v) Allow the mixture to cool while stirring with the thermometer.
(vi) Record the temperature at which the crystals start to form in table 1 below.
(vii) Add a further 2 cm3 of distilled water from the burette into the boiling tube.
(viii) Repeat procedure (iv) to (vii) above and record the temperature crystals form to
complete table 1 below.
(Preserve the contents of the boiling tube for use in procedure II)
Table 1
Volume of distilled water Temperature at which Solubility of solid P in
(cm3) crystals of solid P first g/100g of water
appear. (oC)
4
6
8
10
12
(6 marks)
2
(a) On the grid below plot a graph of the solubility of solid P against temperature. (3
marks)
(b) From your graph determine:

(i) the solubility of solid P at 45oC
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) the temperature at which the solubility of solid P is 55g/100g of water. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) How does the solubility of solid P vary with temperature? (1 mark)
3
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Procedure II
(i) Transfer all the contents of the boiling tube from procedure I into a clean 250ml
volumetric flask. Rinse the boiling tube and transfer the rinsing into the volumetric flask.
(ii) Add distilled water to the mark.
(iii)Label the resulting solution as solution R.
(iv) Fill the burette with solution R.
(v) Pipette 25 cm3 of solution Q into a clean conical flask. Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator.
(vi) Titrate solution R against solution Q to an accurate end-point.
Record your results in table 2 below.
Table 2
Titration I II III
Volume of solution R used (cm3)
(4 marks)
(a) Determine the average volume of solution R used.

(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Calculate:
(i) The number of moles of solution Q used.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4
(ii) Given that solution R is a dibasic acid, calculate the number of moles of solution R that
reacted.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) The concentration of solution R in moles per litre.

(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Calculate the formula mass of acid (COOH)2.nH2O, hence find the value of n.
(H = 1, O=16, C = 12).
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You are provided with solid T, which is a mixture of two compounds. Carry out the
tests below. Write your observations and inferences in the spaces provided.
(a) Place about all solid T in a clean dry boiling tube. Add 5 ml of distilled water and shake
thoroughly. Filter the mixture and keep both filtrate and residue. Divide the filtrate into
three portions.
(i) Add aqueous NaOH dropwise to the first portion until in excess.
Observations Inference
(1 mark) (1 mark)
(ii) Add aqueous ammonia dropwise to the second portion until in excess.
5
(1 mark) (1 mark)
(b) Rinse the residue with distilled water and transfer it into a clean boiling tube. Add the
nitric (V) acid provided dropwise until all the solid dissolves.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
(c) Divide the resulting solution into three portions.

(i) Add aqueous NaOH dropwise to the first portion until in excess.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
(ii) Add aqueous ammonia dropwise to the second portion until in excess.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
(iii) Add 3 drops of HCl to the third portion. Warm the mixture.
6
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
3. You are provided with liquid W. Carry out the following tests and record your
observations and inferences in the spaces provided.
(a) Place five drops of liquid W on a clean dry watch glass and ignite it.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
(b) Place 2cm3 of liquid W in a clean and dry test tube. Add all the sodium hydrogen
carbonate provided.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
(c) Place 2 cm3 of liquid W in a clean and dry test tube. Add 1 cm3 of acidified potassium
dichromate (VI) and warm the mixture.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
7
LAST PRINTED PAGE
8
Name: _____________________________________Adm No_____________
Signature: _______________________ Date: ________________________
233/2
CHEMISTRY
FORM 4
Time: 2 hours
KENYA HIGH SCHOOL TRIAL EXAM 2024
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K. C. S. E)
• Write your name and index no in the spaces provided
• Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided
• Answer all questions in this paper in spaces provided.
• Mathematical tables/electronic calculators may be used.
FOR EXAMINER USE ONLY
QUESTION MAXIMUM CANDIDATE’S

SCORE SCORE
1 13
2 12
3 09
4 12
5 13
6 13
7 08
TOTAL 80
SCORE
1|Page
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
1. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follows.
The letters do not represent the symbol of the elements.
Element Atomic Melting point
number (°C)
A 8 -2188
B 9 -219.6
C 12 650
D 13 660
E 14 1410
F 17 -101
G 20 842
a) Write the electron arrangement for the
i) Atom of D. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) Ion of F (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
b) Select an element which is
i) The most reactive non-metal. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) Best conductor of electricity. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) To which group of the periodic table does element G belong. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) How do the reactivity of element C and G compare? Explain (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
e) Using dots [•] and crosses [×] to represent outermost electrons, show the bonding in
the compound formed between elements B and D. (1 mark)
2|Page
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
f) Explain why the melting point of element D is higher than that of element C.(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..
g) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that will occur between C and A. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
h) Compare the atomic and ionic radius of element F. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. (a) The following diagrams show the structures of two allotropes of carbon.
Study them and answer the questions that follow.
(i) What is meant by the term allotropy? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Name allotrope
M and N
(2mark)
M…………………………………………………………………………………………………
N………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Give one use of N

iii) (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………….
iv) Which allotrope conducts electricity? Explain (2mark)
3|Page
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
b) In an experiment, carbon (IV) oxide gas was passed over heated charcoal and the gas produced
collected as shown in the diagram below
i) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Name another substance that can be used instead of sodium hydroxide (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
i) Describe a simple chemical test that can be used to distinguish between carbon(IV)oxide
and carbon(II) oxide (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………..
ii) Give one use of carbon (II) oxide (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
4|Page
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
3. The flow chart below represents some industrial processes leading to the
formation of two nitrogenous fertilizers.
a) Name each of the process above

j) Process 1 (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Process 2 (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Name the catalyst used in
i) Process 2 (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) Ostwald process (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii) Contact process (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Name compound Y (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5|Page
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
d) Write the equation for the reaction that leads to formation of ammonium sulphate
(1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………..
e) Ammonium nitrate is a better fertilizer than ammonium sulphate. Explain and show your
working. (N = 14, H = 1, O = 16, S = 32). (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. a) Study the table below and answer the questions that follows
Formula of hydrocarbon Boiling points (K)

C2H4 -104
C3H6 -47.7
C4 H8 -62
C5 H10 30
C6H12 63.9
i) What name is given to a series of organic compounds like the ones in the table? (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) To what class of organic compounds does the above hydrocarbon belong? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Select one hydrocarbon that would be a gas at room temperature (298K); give a
reason for your answer. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
iv) Give the formula of the seventh member of the above series. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
v) What is the relationship between the boiling point and the relative molecular
masses of the hydrocarbons in the table above? Explain your answer.
(2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………….
6|Page
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
b. S t u d y the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Conc. H₂SO₄ HCl

a. Write the formula of
i) Alcohol X
…………………………………………………………………………………… (1mark)
Compound Z
ii)
……………………………………………………………………………………. (1mark)
Name process Y.
iii)
…………………………………………………………………………………….. (1mark)
b) Propane and chlorine react as shown below;

CH3CH2CH3 ⟶ CH3CH2CH2Cl + HCl
Name the type of reaction that takes place.

iv) (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
v) State the condition under which this reaction takes place. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) The table below gives the volume of the gas produced when different volumes of 2M
sulphuric (VI) acid were reacted with 0.6g of magnesium powder at room temperature.
Volume of sulphuric acid(cm3) Volume of gas (cm3)

0 0
10 240
20 480
30 600
40 600
50 600
7|Page
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
a) On the grid provided plot a graph of the volume of gas produced against volume of the
acid used. (3marks)
b) Write an equation for the reaction between sulphuric (VI) acid and magnesium (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) From the graph determine

The volume of the gas produced if 12.5cm3 of 2M sulphuric (VI) acid has been used.
(i)
(1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8|Page
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
(ii) The volume of 2M sulphuric (VI) acid which reacted completely with 0.6g of magnesium
powder. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d) Explain the effect on rate of production of the gas if;
i) 0.6g of magnesium ribbon was used instead of magnesium powder (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) 3M sulphuric (VI) acid was used instead of 2M sulphuric (VI) acid (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Given that one mole of a gas occupied 24000cm 3 at room temperature, calculate the
relative atomic mass of magnesium. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
f) In another experiment, aqueous iron (III) chloride reacts with hydrogen sulphide gas
in a closed system as shown below.
2FeCl3(aq) + H2S (g) ⇌ 2FeCl2(aq) + 2HCl(aq) + S(S)
(pale brown) (pale green)
State and explain the observation that would be made if dilute hydrochloric acid is
added to the system at equilibrium. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………..
5. The curves below represent the variation of temperature with time when pure and
impure samples of a solid were heated separately.
9|Page
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
a) Which curve shows the variation in temperature for the pure solid? Explain.
(2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State the effect of impurities on the melting and boiling points of a pure substance.
i. Melting points (1/2mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Boiling points (1/2mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) The diagram below shows the relationship between the physical states of matter.
A
B C
E D
i) Identify the processes B and D.
B………………………………………………………………………………………(1/2 mark)
D………………………………………………………………………………………(1/2 mark)
ii) Name process A (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) State two substances in chemistry that undergo the process A (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) Is the process E exothermic or endothermic? Explain (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
10 | P a g e
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
7 a ) What method can be used to separate a mixture of ethanol and propanol. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain how a solid mixture of Sulphur and sodium chloride can be separated into
solid Sulphur and sodium chloride crystals. (3marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) The table below gives the solubility’s of potassium bromide and potassium sulphate at
00C and 400C
Substance Solubility g/100g water at

400C 800C
Potassium bromide 55 75
Potassium sulphate 85 95
When an aqueous mixture containing 60g of potassium bromide and 70 g of

potassium sulphate in 100g of water at 800C was cooled to 400C some crystals were
formed
i) Identify the crystals. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
ii) Determine the mass of the crystals formed. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….......
................................................................................................................................................
.
iii) Name the method used to obtain the crystals. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) Suggest one industrial application of the method named in (iii) above. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
11 | P a g e
233/2 FOR MS CALL 0724351706
NAME: …………………………………………………………….. ADM NO: …………………
SCHOOL : ……………………………………………….…………..DATE : ………………………
CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE:…………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS

(i) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(ii) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(iii) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
(iv) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
(v) All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
(vi) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages
are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing

Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
1 –29 80
Page 1 of 12. FOR MS CALL 0724351706

1. The samples of equal volumes of water were put in 100cm 3 conical flasks and heated for 5
minutes on a Bunsen flame. It was observed that sample 1 registered a low temperature than
sample II
Flame 1 Flame II
(a) Name flame I (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) State one disadvantage of using flame I for heating (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
The diagram shows the method used to separate component of mixture P
X
Hot water
. Lie big condenser
Cold
water
Liquid
mixture Distillate
P
Heat
(a) Name X . (½mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) What is the name given to the method used in separation of mixture P (½mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) What would happen if the inlet and outlet of water were interchanged ( 1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Which physical property is used to separate mixture P (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. The table below shows the solubility of three solids P, Q, and R.
SOLID COLD WATER HOT WATER
P Soluble soluble
Q insoluble insoluble
R insoluble soluble
How would you obtain pure samples of R,P and Q (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. State one physical property that would suggest the presence of each of the following gases from
a leaking gas cylinder:
a) H2S (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) N2O (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Cl2 (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The PH values of some solutions are given below

PH 14.0 1.0 8.0 6.5 7.0
Solution M L N P Z
(a) Identify the solution with the lowest concentration of hydrogen ion. Give reason for your
answer (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Which solution would be used as an anti-acid for treating stomach upset. Give reason for
your answer (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The data below gives the electronic configuration of some selected atoms and ions
Atom/ion A2+ B C2- D2+ E F- G+ H
Electronic configuration 2 2.4 2.8 2.8.8 2.8 2.8.8 0 2.8.2
(a) Select an atom that is a noble gas (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) What is the atomic number of C and A (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Select an element that belong to group 2 and period four (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Helium is used instead of hydrogen in balloons for metrological research. Explain (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Zinc metal and hydrochloric acid reacts according to the following equation
Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
1.96g of Zinc metal were reacted with 100cm3 of 0.2M hydrochloric acid
a) Determine the reagent that was in excess (2mks)
Zn=65.2; Molar gas volume at s.t.p 22.4 liters
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Calculate the total volume of hydrogen gas that was liberated at s.t.p (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds (1mk)
(i) .CH3CH2CH2CH CH3
CH3 …………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) CH3CH=CHCl …………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)

10. 0.9g of potassium chloride and potassium carbonate mixture completely reacted with 25cm 3 of
0.2M hydrochloric acid
(i) Write an equation of the reaction which takes place (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Determine the number of moles of the acid used (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Calculate the mass of potassium chloride in the mixture (K=39.0; C=12.0; O=16.0) (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow
Metal M
Dilute Hydrochloric acid Colourlesss gas
White ppt soluble Process I

Solution E Process 2
in excess Ammonia White ppt soluble in excess
solution added NaOH added
drop wise drop wise

(i) Identify metal M: ………………………………………………………. (1mk)
(ii) Colourless gas: …………………………………………………………. (1mk)
(iii) Write an equation that leads to the formation of white precipitate in process (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. a) Define the term dynamic equilibrium (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) A reaction at equilibrium can be represented as
2CrO2-4[aq] + 2H+[aq] Cr2O7 2[-aq] + H2O{l}
Yellow orange
State and explain the observation made when NaOH is added to the equilibrium mixture (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Few drops of hydrochloric acid were added into a test tube containing lead {II} Nitrate solution
a) State one observation made (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write an ionic equation of the reaction that occurred in the test tube (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. A compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contains 57.15% carbon, 4.76% hydrogen and
the rest oxygen. If its relative molecular mass is 126, find its molecular formula. (C = 12, H = 1,
O = 16) (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

a) State Grahams law of diffusion. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) The rate of diffusion of sulphur(IV)oxide gas through a porous material is 40cm3s -1.
Calculate the rate of diffusion of carbon(IV)oxide gas through the same porous
material (S=32,O=16,C=12) (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
15. a) Distinguish between strong and concentrated acid ( 1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
b). A solution of ammonia in methylbenzene has no effects on red litmus paper while a
solution of ammonia in water turns red litmus paper blue. Explain (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Name the process which takes place when
i. Iodine changes directly from solid to gas (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. Fe2+( aq) changes to Fe3+(aq) (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
iii. White sugar changes to black when mixed with concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

17. In the last stage of the solvay process, a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and
ammonium chloride is formed
a) State the method of separation used (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Write an equation showing how lime is slaked (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) Name the product recycled in the above process (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
18. The diagram below is a section of a model of the structure of element K
Key
+ + + + + + + charged
nucleus
+ + + + + + electron
+ + + + + +
a) State the type of bonding that exist in K (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) In which group of the periodic table does element K belong. Give a reason (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
a) State two observations made in the above experiment when sodium react with water (2 mks)

b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that takes place (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. (a) Explain why permanent hardness in water cannot be removed by boiling (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name two methods that can be used to remove permanent hardness from water (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Write an equation to show the effect of heat on the nitrate of: - (2mks)
i) Potassium
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Silver
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. Study the diagram below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
(a) State the observation made in the combustion tube. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Name gas P (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

24. Sulphur exists in two crystalline forms.
a) Name one crystalline form of Sulphur. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………..………………………………………………
b) State two uses of Sulphur. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
25. Bond energies for some bonds are tabulated below: -
BOND BOND ENERGY KJ/mol
H–H 436
C=C 610
C- H 410
C–C 345
Use the bond energies to estimate the enthalpy for the reaction. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

26. Study the set up below and answer the questions that flows
State all the observations that would be made when the circuit is completed (3mks)
……..…………………………………………………………………….……………………..…………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
27. Describe how solid samples of salts can be obtained from a mixture of lead (II) chloride,
sodium chloride and ammonium chloride. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. The diagram below represents a set-up used to prepare oxygen gas.
(a) Name substance Q. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Complete the set-up to show how oxygen gas is collected. (1mk
(c) Write the equation for the reaction that occur. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

29. Two reagents that can be used to prepare chlorine gas are potassium manganate
(VII) and hydrochloric acid.
(a) Write an equation for the reaction. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) Give the formula of another reagent that can be used instead of potassium manganate (VII).
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Using an equation illustrate how chlorine bleach coloured substances. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.

NAME: …………………………………………. ADM NO: ………………….
SCHOOL : ………………………………..DATE : ………………………
CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE…………………………….
233/3
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 3
TIME: 2 HOURS

(i) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(ii) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(iii) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
(iv) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
(v) All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
(vi) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages
are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY:
Question Maximum Candidate’s

Score Score
1 15
2 12
3 13
Total Score 40

1
QUESTION 1
▪ You are provided with solution K and L
▪ Solution K is 1M H2SO4
▪ Solution L contains 8.7g of the hydroxide of metal M (with formulae MOH) in
600cm3 of the solution
▪ You are required to carry out the experiment to determine;
i. Concentration of solution L
ii. R.A.M of metal M
Procedure
1. Measure 75cm3 of solution K and put into a clean 250cm3 volumetric flask and
add distilled water up to the mark
-label this solution W
2. Fill a clean burette with solution W
3. Pipette 25cm3 of solution L into a clean conical flask and add 2 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator
4. Titrate the solution W in the burette against solution L in the conical flask and
record the results in the table below
5. Repeat {3} and {4} above as you fill the table below.
TABLE 1
I II III
Final burette reading {cm3}
Initial burette reading {cm3}
Volume of solution W used
{cm3}
(4mks)
{a} Calculate the;
(i) Average volume of solution W used (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Concentration of solution W (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

2
(iii) Number of moles of solution W that reacted with each 25cm3 portion
of solution L
[2mks]
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
{b}Calculate the;
{i} Number of moles of the metal hydroxide {MOH} in solution L that
reacted with each portion of solution W [2mks]
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………
{ii} Concentration of solution L [1mk]

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………
{iii} Number of moles of the metal hydroxide [MOH]in 600cm3 of solution L

(2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) R.A.M of metal M [0=16, H=1] (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………

3
QUESTION 2
You are provided with solution N and P

▪ Solution N is 2M HCl
▪ Solution P is 0.16M sodium thiosulphate
▪ You are required to carry out the experiment below to determine how
concentration affects the rate of reaction between HCl and sodium thiosulphate
solutions
PROCEDURE
1. Fill a clean burette with solution P.

Measure 25cm3 of the solution P from the burette into a clean 100cm3 glass
beaker and place on a white piece of paper with a cross[x] marked on it
2. Add 10cm3 of solution N into it and immediately start a stop watch and note the
time taken for the cross beneath the mixture to become invisible
3. Clean the 100cm3 beaker and measure into it 20cm3 of solution P form the
burette, and add 5cm3 of distilled water into the solution solution
4. Repeat step [2] above and note the time taken for the cross to become invisible
5. Repeat the experiment using volumes indicated on the table below and as you
record the results
TABLE 2
Expt
1 2 3 4 5
3
Volume of solution p(cm ) 25 20 15 10 5
Volume of water added to solution 0 5 10 15 20
p{cm3}
Volume of solution N 10 10 10 10 10
Time taken for the cross to become
invisible [in seconds]
1
S-1
𝑡
(4mks)
1
(a) Plot a graph of 𝑡 against volume of solution P on the grid provided (4mks)

4
{b} From the graph
(i) Determine the time taken for the cross to become invisible when
12.5cm3 of solution P is used (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………

5
{ii} Explain the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction between HCl
and sodium thiosulphate solution (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
QUESTION 3
▪ You are provided with solids Q
▪ You are required to carry out the tests below as you record your observations
and inferences
(i) SOLID Q
-Add about 5cm3 of distilled water to solid Q, shake the mixture thoroughly
for a while and then filter it
NOTE: Retain both the filtrate and the residue for the tests below
Divide the filtrate into 4 portion

A) (i) To the first portion, add 4 drops of NaOH
OBSERVATIONS INFERENCES
(1mk) (2mk)

6
ii) Scoop the 2nd portion on a metallic spatula and ignite on a non-luminous
flame
(1mk) (1mk)
iii) To the 3rd portion, add 2 drops of Pb{NO3}[aq]
(1mk) (1mk)
iv) To the 4th portion, add acidified KmnO4
(1mk) (1mk)

7
B (i) Put the residue in a test tube and add about 2cm3 of HNO3
(1mk) (1mk)
(ii) To the mixture in b{i} above, add 2 drops of KI solution
(1mk) (1mk)

8
Name: ……………………………………………………………. Date…………….
Adm No: ……………………. Signature………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
(THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
PANGANI GIRLS
• Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided.

• Answer all questions in the spaces provided
• KNEC mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used for calculations.
• All workings must be clearly shown where necessary.
• Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain all the pages are printed as
indicated and no questions are missing.
For Examiners Use Only
Questions Maximum Score Students Score
1-29 80
This paper consists of 15 printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to
ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that no pages are missing.
1|Page FOR MS CALL 0724351706

1. (a) Explain why aluminium is a better conductor of electricity than magnesium. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….………………………......
(b) Other than cost and ability to conduct, give two other reasons why aluminum is used for
making overheadelectriccables while magnesium is not. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….………………………………......
………………………………………………………………………………………...…………
2. In the Haber process, the industrial manufacture of ammonia is given by the following
equation:
(a) Name one source of hydrogen gas used in this process. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….………………………..............
(b) Name the catalyst used in the above reaction. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………....................................
(c) State any two uses of ammonia. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………....................................

3. Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow:
a) Identify the radiations. (1 mark)
A……………………………………………………………………………………
C……………………………………………………………………………………
b) The table below gives the rate of decay for a sample of radioactive element K. Study it and
answer the question that follows:
Mass (kg) Time(Days)
72 0
9 120
Determine the half-life of element K. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………....................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The pH values of some solutions labeled K,H,L,P and R are given in the table below. Use
the information to answer the questions that follow.
pH 8.0 14.0 1.0 6.5 7.0
Solution K H L P R
(a)Identify the solution with the highest concentration of hydroxyl ions. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………............................
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Which solution is likely to be sodium chloride solution? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………............................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)Which solution would react most vigorously with magnesium metal? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………............................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.a) Name the class to which the following cleansing agents belong: ( 1mark)
b) Which cleaning agent between (i) or (ii) above is preferred for cleaning garments while using
water from a dam containing dissolved calcium chloride? Explain (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………....................................
………………………………………………………………………………............................
6. Describe how crystals of sodium chloride can be prepared starting with 50cm 3 of 2M sodium
hydroxide solution. (3marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………...................................
………………………………………………………………………………...............................
………………………………………………………………………………………………...…
………………………………………………………………………….......................................
………………………………………………………………………………...............................
………………………………………………………………………………............................
7.a) Propane (C3H8) and Carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) diffuses at the same rate under the same
conditions. Explain. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………............................
………………………………………………………………………………............................
b) Propane is a hydrocarbon. What does the term hydrocarbon mean? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………............................
………………………………………………………………………………............................
8. The reaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium dichromate (VI) can be used to
demonstrate a reversible reaction. The ionic equation is given below
Explain the observation that would be made when few drops of dilute hydrochloride acid is
added to the equilibrium mixture. (2marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………...................................
………………………………………………………………………………...............................
9. a) Draw a diagram to show how an iron ring can be electroplated with pure silver.
(2marks)
b) Give two reasons why electroplating is necessary. (1 mark)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
10.(i)State two observations that can be made when burning magnesium is lowered in a gas jar
full of chlorine. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………...................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………...................................
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that occurs in (i) above. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………..………………………………………………………………............................

11. The products formed by action of heat on nitrates of element X, Y and Z are shown below.
Nitrate of Products formed
X X oxide +Nitrogen (IV) Oxide + Oxygen
Y Y +Nitrogen (IV) Oxide+ Oxygen
Z Z nitrite + oxygen
a) Arrange the metals in order of increasing reactivity. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..………………………………………………………………………………......................
b) Which element forms a soluble carbonate? (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…..………………………………………………………………………......................
c) Give an element that can beY. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…..………………………………………………………………………......................
12.3.0g of an organic compound containing Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only produced 4.4g of
Carbon (IV) oxide and 1.8g of water on complete combustion.
a) Calculate its empirical formula. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…..………………………………………………………………………......................
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…..………………………………………………………………………......................
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…..………………………………………………………………………......................
b) Calculate in molecular formula if its formula mass is 60. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…..………………………………………………………………………......................
…………………………………………………………………………………………

13. 100cm3 of0.05M Sulphuric (VI) acid were placed in the flask and small quantity of
potassium Carbonate added. The mixture was boiled to expel all carbon (IV) oxide. 25cm 3 of
the resulting solution required 18cm3 of 0.1M potassium hydroxide solution to neutralize it.
Calculate the mass of potassium carbonate added. (K = 39, O = 16, C = 12) (3 marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
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………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
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14. A sample of air contains nitrogen, oxygen and argon. Describe how oxygen gas can be
obtained. (3 marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….……………………………………………………….………………………

15. a) Draw the structures of the following compounds. (2 Marks)
i) Ethylbutanoate
ii) 3-ethyl – 3 – methyl hexane
iii) The structure below represents a portion of polyphenylethene.
Draw the structure of the monomer and name it. (1mark)
16. A compound whose general formula is P (OH) 3 (s)reacts as shown by the equation:
P (OH) 3(s) + OH-(aq) P (OH) 4-(aq)
P (OH) 3(S) + 3H+ (aq) P3+ (aq) + 3H2O (l)

(a) Name any two elements whose hydroxides behave like P. (2 marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
(b) What name is given to compounds which behaves like P (OH) 3 in the above two reactions.
(1 mark)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
17. You are provided with the following electrode potentials of four half-cell reactions. Letters
do not represent the actual symbol of the element.
(a) Identify the strongest reducing agent. Explain. (2marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the emf of the two half cells that when combined would produce the largest emf.
(1 mark)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
10 | P a g e FOR MS CALL 0724351706

18.Use the following information to answer the questions that follow.
a) Draw an energy cycle diagram and label the various heat changes. (2 marks)
b) Use the energy circle above to calculate heat of formation of methanol. (1 mark)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
19. The solubility of iron (II) sulphate at 22oC is 15.65g/100g of water. Calculate the mass of
iron (II) sulphate crystals in 90g of saturated iron (II) sulphate solution. (2marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
11 | P a g e FOR MS CALL 0724351706

20.Which Use the information in the table below to answer the questions that follow.
(The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements).
Element Q P R S T
Atomic 18 5 3 5 20
number
Mass 40 10 7 11 40
number
(a) Which two letters represent the same element. 1mk
………………….………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………
(b) Give the number of neutrons in an atom of element R 1mk
………………….………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………
21. A solid sample was suspected to contain zinc (II) ions. Describe a systematic test to confirm
the presence of zinc (II) ions. (3 Marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
22.During the electrolysis, a current of 2 amperes was passed through the copper (II)
sulphatesolution for 4 hours. Calculate the volume of the gas produced at the anode. (1 F= 96500
C, MGV = 24000cm3). (3 marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
12 | P a g e FOR MS CALL 0724351706
23. A volume of 10cm3 of ethene gas (C2H4) was exploded with 50cm3 of oxygen.
(i) Write the equation of the reaction for the combustion of ethene. (1mk)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Calculate the volume of gaseous mixture. (2marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
24.a) What is a fuel? (1 mark)

………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
b) Ethanol has a molar heatof combustion of -1360kJmol-1. Calculate the heating value of
ethanol. (C=12,H=1,O=16) (2 marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
25.a) Why is the percentage of carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere fairly constant? (1 mark)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the volume of carbon(IV)oxide in 8,000 m3 of air contained in a hall.(2 marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
13 | P a g e FOR MS CALL 0724351706

26. State two conditions that would make the boiling point of water to be higher than 100 oC.
(2marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
27a) Name two substances that can be used in chemical test for water. (1mark)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
b) Describe how a student can determine the purity of tap water in a school laboratory
(2marks)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
28. Sodium hydroxide can be prepared through the following methods: I and II.
a) Name one precaution that needs to be taken in method I. ( 1 mark)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
b) Give the name of process A. (1 mark)
………………….………………………………………………………………………………
14 | P a g e FOR MS CALL 0724351706

c) Describe the chemical test of hydrogen gas. (1 mark)
………………….…………………………………………………….……………………………
……………….…………………………………………………….………………………………
29. i)What does CFCs mean? (1 mark)
………………….…………………………………………………….……………………………
……………….…………………………………………………….………………………………
ii) State one environment effect of CFCs. (1 mark)
………………….…………………………………………………….……………………………
……………….…………………………………………………….………………………………
….THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE….
15 | P a g e FOR MS CALL 0724351706

NAME……………………………………….INDEX NO……………………ADM NO……….
SIGNATURE……………………….. DATE……………………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY PAPER 2
(THEORY)
2 hours
PANGANI GIRLS
CHEMISTRY
(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)
Instructions
✓ Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
✓ Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
✓ Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
✓ Electronic calculators may be used.
✓ All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
✓ This paper consists of 18 printed pages. Confirm this and that no questions are
missing.
Question Maximum Score Candidate’s score
1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 12
6 14
7 09
Total 80
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 1

1)a. The diagram below shows a set up for laboratory preparation of chlorine gas. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.

Conc.
Hydrochloric
Acid
SOLID K WATER LIQUID J
i. Complete the set up to show how dry chlorine may be collected (1 mk)
ii. Name Soild K……………………………………………….. (2 mks)
Liquid J………………………………………………
iii. State and explain the observation made when chlorine gas is bubbled through
a solution of potassium iodide (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 2

iv. Write an ionic equation for the reaction that occurs in iii) above (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………
b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow
Sunlight
Chlorine gas
Solid M
Solution Q
Gas T
Catalyst K Gas R
Water
Gas R
Gas J
OLEUM Liquid S
H2WATER
O
i). Identify the following; Gas R…………………………………………… (2 mks)
Solid M………………………………………….
Gas J……………………………………………..
Liquid S………………………………………….
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 3

ii. Write a chemical equation for the formation of gas T (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii. Name catalyst K (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) State two uses of liquid S (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………....................
2.The figure below represents a section of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions
that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements.
C D E F G
H J
a) i).What chemical family does element J belong to? (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 4

ii. Compare the reactivity of element C and H. Explain. (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) i) Write the chemical formula of the chloride of element D (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Name the type of structure of the chloride in b(i) above. (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c). State and explain the difference in atomic radius and ionic radius of element F (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d). Using dots (.) and crosses (x) show how bonding occurs when element E and F react. (1mk)
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 5

e). Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
WET SAND
TUBE A
ZINC
GAS X
HEAT HEAT
WATER
i. State two observations made in the tube A (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Explain why the sand is heated first before heating the zinc metal (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. Give the chemical test of gas X. (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 6

3. a) Name the heat change represented by H in the process represented below.
Na(s) Na (g)H = +ve (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………
b) The table below gives some bond energies of some bonds.
Bond Bond energy (kJ mol )
H–H 435
Cl – Cl 243
H – Cl 431
Calculate the enthalpy changes for the reaction.
H 2(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g) (2mks)
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 7

c) i) Define enthalpy of formation of a substance. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Given that
H  f (C4 H10( g ) ) = −125 kJ mol −1

H  f (CO2 ( g ) = −395 kJmol −1
H  f ( H 2O(l ) = −289 kJmol −1
Calculate the molar heat of combustion of butane ( C 4H10) (2mks)
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 8

d) Study the following exothermic reactions involving enthalpy of neutralization
I NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)H1
II NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq )NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)H2
i) Identify the reaction with a higher H value. Giving a reason for your answer. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) The atomic numbers of Li and K are 3 and 19 respectively.
Li+(g) + (aq) Li+(aq)H3 = -519
K+(g) + (aq) K+(aq) H4 = -322
Study the equations above and explain why H3 is larger than H4. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 9

4. Use the standard electrode potentials given below to answer the questions that follow.
Ag+(aq) + e- Ag(s) + 0.80v……….(i)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) + 0.34v ….…..(ii)
Pb2+(aq) + 2e Pb(s) -0.13v…….…(iii)
Zn2+(aq) + 2e- Zn(s) -0.76v………(iv)
a) Select two half - cells which when combined will give the lowest e.m.f (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
b) Can a solution of silver nitrate be stored in a container of Zinc? (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
c) An iron jug was electroplated using Chromium. The chromium electrode and iron
jug were thoroughly cleaned and weighed before being dipped into the electrolyte.
Why was cleaning necessary? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
d) A current of 0.75 Amperes was passed through the solution for one hour and four
minutes. The mass of chromium deposited on the jug was 0.52g
(1Faraday = 96500C Cr = 52)
(i) Calculate the quantity of electricity passed. (2mks)
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 10

(ii) How many moles in Chromium were deposited? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Calculate the quantity of electricity in coulombs required to deposit one mole of
Chromium. (2mks)
(iv) Deduce the charge of the Chromium ion. (2mks)
5 ) a)An organic compound G whose empirical formula is HCO2 has molar mass of 90. It reacts
with ethanoic in the presence of a few drops of concentrated Sulphuric (VI) acid forming another
compound J with a pleasant smell.
(i) Determine the molecular formula of compound G (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) To which class of homologous series do compound G and J belong? (2marks)
G: ……………………………………………………………………………………
J: ………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 11

b) i. What is vulcanization of rubber? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
i). State two properties of vulcanized rubber. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) The scheme below shows various reactions and process for some organic compounds.
Study it and answer the questions that follow.
i. Name process I and name any other product formed in the process.
Process I ½ 𝒎𝒌
……………………………………………………………………………………
Product ½ mk
…………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 12

ii) Name the reagent and condition required in process II.
Reagent ½ 𝒎𝒌
………………………………………………………………………………………
Condition ½ mk
………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Name the catalyst and reagent required in step IV.
𝟏
Catalyst 𝒎𝒌
𝟐
………………………………………………………………………………………
Reagent ½ mk
………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) Give any one use of the product formed in process (V) (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
v) Name process (VI) (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 13

6. The flow chart below outlines some of the processes involved in extraction of copper
from copper pyrites. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
(a)i. Name gas K (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in the first roasting furnace.(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Write the formula for the cation present the slag M. (1mk
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Identify gas P. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 14

(v) What name is given to the reaction that takes place in chamber N?
Give a reason for your answer. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………....
vi) State two uses of copper metal (2mks)

...............................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………
b) Below is a simplified diagram of the Downs cell in which sodium metal is
manufactured.
(i) Identify electrolyte X and gas Y. (2mks)
Electrolyte X ………………………………….…Gas Y………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 15

(ii)Give two properties of sodium that make it possible to collect as shown above. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Why is graphite preferred to steel as the anode? (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………....…
(iv) Explain how sodium hydroxide pellets would be obtained from sodium
amalgam? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 16

7) Study the reaction scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
a) Name; Gas M…………………………………………………………….. (1 mk)
Precipitate W……………………………………………………... (1 mk)
b) Write an equation for the formation of ;
The white solid (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Colorless solution X (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) What name is given to the process that produce precipitate W (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 17

d) State two commercial uses of gas M (2 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e) If 100cm3 of 0.05M hydrogen peroxide were used to produce gas M. calculate the volume of
gas M produced if the hydrogen peroxide decomposed completely.(MGV= 22400cm 3) ( 2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………...............
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 18

NAME: …………………………………………………….. ADM NO: ………….. CLASS:……..
School: ………………………….. Date: ………….. Sign…………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
2024
TIME: 2 HOURS
SACHO SCHOOL TRIAL EXAM

Kenya Certificate to Secondary Education
• Write your name, admission number, date, index number and school in the spaces
provided
• All working MUST BE clearly shown where necessary
• Scientific calculators may be used
• Candidates should answer the questions in English

Questions Maximum score Candidate’s score
1 – 28 80
This paper contains 13 printed pages. The candidates should check to confirm that all pages are
printed and that no question is missing.
For ms call 0724351706 Page 1

1. (a) Give the systematic names of the following hydrocarbons
(i) CH3(CH2)4CH3 (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) CH3 C CH2 (1Mark)
CH3
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The molecular formula of a hydrocarbon is C6H14
The hydrocarbon can be converted into two other hydrocarbons as shown by the equation
below.
C6H14 X + C3H8
(i) What is the name of above process? (1/2Mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Write the molecular formula of X (1/2Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Mr. Rudisha went to a doctor who sent him to a pharmacy to pick some drugs. The
pharmacist wrote on the medicine packaging 2 x 3
(a) Clearly state what 2 x 3 meant? (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State one reason why it is important to adhere to the doctor’s prescription. (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The apparatus below were used by a student to study to effect of heat on hydrated copper (II)
Sulphate.
Copper (II) Sulphate
Boiling tube
Heat
Ice cold water

Liquid P
(a) What is the role of the ice-cold water? (1Mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Name liquid P. (1/2Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) What is the observation made in the boiling tube. (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Name type of change illustrated above (1/2Mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The diagram below shows a paper chromatogram of substances A, B and C which are
coloured.
●
●
●
●
●
● ● ● ●
A B C D
(a) Indicate baseline on the chromatogram. (1Mark)

(b) Which substance is pure? Explain (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Substance D is a mixture of B and C. Indicate it chromatogram on the diagram (1Mark)

5. (a) A beekeeper found that when stung by a bee, application of a little solution of sodium
hydrogen carbonate helped to relieve the irritation on the affected. Explain. (2Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Flower extracts can be used to Acid-bade indicators. Give two limitations of such
indicators. (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The apparatus below was a set up to show catalytic oxidation of ammonia.
Dry
NH3(g)
Hot nichrome
wire
(i) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in the gas jar. (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) What is the role of the hot nichrome wire (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Apart from nichrome wire what else can be used? (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7. The set-u is used to investigate the properties of hydrogen.
Copper (II) oxide
Dry H2(g)
(a) On the diagram, indicate what should be done for the reaction to occur. (1Mark)
(b) Write an equation for the reaction that occur in the combustion tube. (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) What property of hydrogen gas is being investigated? (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. When hydrogen is burnt and the product cooled, the following results are obtained as shown
in the diagram below.
Ice cold water

Hydrogen burning
Dry
Hydrogen
gas
Liquid Y
(a) Write the equation for the formation of liquid Y. (1Mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Give a chemical test of liquid Y. (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Give two uses of hydrogen gas. (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The diagram below shows a frasch process used for extraction of sulphur.

(i) Identify X (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) What is superheated water? (1Mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) State two physical properties of sulphur that makes it possible for it to be extracted by
this method. (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Study the information in the table below and answer question that follow.
Ions Electron arrangement Ionic radius

Na+ 2.8 0.95
K2+ 2.8.8 0.133
Mg2+ 2.8 0.065
Explain why:-
(a) Ionic radius of K+ is greater than that of Na+ (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Ionic radius of Mg2+ is smaller than that of Na+ (2Marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. The table below gives properties of four substances
Substance Melting Boiling Electrical conductivity

points points Solid Liquid
A 1083 2567 Good Good
B -182 -164 Poor Poor
C 1723 2230 Poor poor
D 993 1695 poor Good
State with a reason which of the above is :-

(i) An ionic compound (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………….………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) A metallic structure (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………….………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Giant atomic structure (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Study the flow charts below and answer questions that follow.
NaOH White precipitate Step I Excess Colourless solution

Solution NaOH
dropwise L M
K
Step III NH3 Step II HCl

dropwise until
excess
White White
precipitate L precipitate

(a) Identify
(i) Cation present in solution K (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) White precipitate L. (1Mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………...
(b) Write down the formula of the complex ion present in the colourless solution M (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Describe how a dry sample of Barium Sulphate can be prepared starting with Barium
Carbonate (2Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
(i) What are allotropes? (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)
In terms of structure and bonding explain why diamond is used in drilling through
hard rock while graphite is a lubricant. (2Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. (a) Define Graham’s Law of diffusion (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) 60cm3 of oxygen diffused through a porous plate in 20 seconds. How long will it take
120cm3 of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse through same plate under same conditions?
( C = 12, O = 16) (2Marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. (a) On the grid provided sketch a graph of pressure against volume for fixed mass of gas at
constant temperature. (1Mark)
Pressure
Volume
3
(c) 50dm of gas at one atmosphere was compress to four atmospheres at constant
temperature. Calculate the volume occupied by the gas. (2Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
-
17. R – COO Na+ and R OSO3- Na+ are cleansing agents. Identify (2Marks)
(a) (i) R – COO - NA+ _____
(ii) R OSO3- Na+ ___

(b) Which of the two cleansing agent is not affected by hard water. Explain (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. When a hydrated sample of calcium sulphate ( CaSO4.XH2O) was heated, the following
data was recorded.
Mass of crucible = 30.2969

Mass of crucible + hydrated salt = 33.111g
Mass of crucible + anhydrous salt = 32.781g
Determine the value of X in the salt. (3Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
19. Study the set-up and answer questions that follow.
Flame
Glass tube
(a) What does the experiment demonstrate? (1Mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) When is the type of Bunsen burner flame produced? (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Name the type of flame above? (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. The set up below was used to electrolyze molten lead (II) bromide.
Carbon
Crucible
Molten lead (II) bromide
(a) Explain why the bulb light brightly at the beginning of the experiment and become dim
after sometimes. (2Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write ionic equation for the reaction that took place at the cathode. (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
21. (a) Aqueous sodium chloride and metals in liquid state conduct electricity. Explain the
difference in their conductivity. (2Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) What is binary electrolysis? (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. The set – up below was used to collected gas F produced by the reaction between sodium
peroxide and water.
Water
Gas F
Gas jar
Water
Sodium
peroxide
(a) Name gas F (1/2Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write a balanced equation for formation of gas F (1Mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) At the end of the experiment, the solution in round bottomed flask was found to be strong
base. Explain. (1/2Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

23. Study the information given below and answer questions that follows.
Bond Bond energy

KJ/Mol
C-Cl 325
C-H 414
Cl-Cl 244
H-Cl 431
CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction. (2Marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
24. A given element E has atomic number 14 and consist of isotopes as shown below
Isotope X Y Z
Isotopic mass 28 29 30
% abundance 92.2 4.7 3.1
(a) What are isotopes? (1Mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Determine the relative atomic mass of E (2Marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. (a) Define the term half-life. (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(a) X grammes of a radio isotope takes 100 days to decay to 20g. If half – life of the same
element is 25 days. Calculate the initial mass X of the radio isotope. (2Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
26. Name the process which takes place when:
(i) Iodine changes directly from solid to gas (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Fe2+ changes to Fe3+ (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) White sugar changes to black solid when mixed with excess with excess concentrated
sulphuric acid. (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
27. (a) Name a suitable drying agent to be used to dry chlorine gas. (1Mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Chlorine reacts with red hot powder to give Iron(II) Chloride but not Iron (II)
Chloride. Explain. (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Dilute Sodium hydroxide reacts with chlorine to form bleaching powder. Write a
balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (1Mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. 22.2cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution containing 4.0g per litre sodium hydroxide were
required for completer neutralization of 0.1g of a dibasic acid. Calculate the relative formula
mass of dibasic acid. (Na = 23, O = 16, H = 1) (3Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………

1
Name…………………………………………………………………...…ADM.NO………………
Class………………………..……. Signature ………………….…. Date ……………………

233/2 Chemistry Paper 2
2 hours
• Write your name, school and admission number in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the space provided above.
• Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
• Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
• This paper consists of 13 printed pages. Candidates should check to ensure that all pages
are printed as indicated and no questions are missing
1 12
2 12
3 12
4 12
5 12
6 10
7 10
Total score 80

2
1. (a) Below is part of periodic table with elements shown. The letters are not actual chemical
symbols.
Use it to answer question that follow.
P C D E
F G B H
Z
(i). What is the most likely nature of the solution formed by the oxide of Z? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Chose a letter representing the most electronegative element. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii). Write a balanced equation for the reaction between B and oxygen. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv). Compare the reactivity of C and D. Explain your answer. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v). An element Q has mass number 40 and 22 neutrons. Place it’s on the position on the grid.
(1mk)
(vi). .
Using dots ( ) or (x) to represent electrons draw bonding between element G and H (2mks)
(vii). State one properly of the element in the shaded region. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3
(b) Study the information given and use it to answer the questions that follow
Formula NaCl MgCl2 AlCl3 SiCl4 PCl3 SCl2

Boiling point (0C) 1470 1420 ___ 60 75 60
Melting point (0C) 800 710 Sublimes at -70 -90 -80
1800C
(i) Name the physical state of SiCl4 at room temperature (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)
Although Aluminum and magnesium are metals, AlCl3 has a much lower melting point than
MgCl2. Explain this observation. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow
(a) State the sources of the substance X and Y. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4
(b) Identify the catalyst used in step I and how it is made to be effective. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Name the substance A, B, D and E. (2mks)
A. …………………………………………………………………………………………….
B. …………………………………………………………………………………………….
C. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
D. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) Write the chemical equations that shows

(i) The reaction in step III (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) The reaction between substance C and copper metal. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) Describe a chemical test for gas E. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(f) (i) State one economic use of substance F. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name the optimum conditions for the production ammonia gas. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(g) Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in salt F (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. (a) State two factors that should be considered when choosing fuel for cooking. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5
(b) The diagram below represents a set–up that was used to determine the molar heat of
combustion of ethanol.
During the experiment, the data given below was recorded:
Volume of water 500 cm3

Initial temperature of water 25.5 °C
Final temperature of water 48.5 °C
Mass of ethanol + Lamp before burning 155.5 g
Mass of ethanol + lamp after burning 154.0 g
Calculate the:
(i) Heat evolved during the experiment. (density of water = 1g/cm 3, specific heat capacity of
water = 4.2 Jg-1K-1) (3marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Molar heat of combustion of ethanol. (C = 12.0, O = 16.0, H=1.0) (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6
c) i) what is meant by the term Enthalpy of formation? (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii)The enthalpies of combustion of carbon, ethane and hydrogen are indicated below:
C(s) +O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆H = -393 kJ mol-1
H2(g) +1/2 O2(g) → H2O (l); ∆ H= - 286 kJ mol-1
C2H6 +7/2 O2(g) → 2CO2(g)+3H2O(l) ; ∆ H= -1560 kJ mol-1
(i) Draw an energy cycle diagram that links the enthalpy of formation of ethane to enthalpies
of combustion of carbon, hydrogen and ethane (2marks)
(ii) Determine the enthalpy of formation of ethane (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7
4. In an experiment to determine the percentage of oxygen in air, the apparatus below were set up.
Study the set up and the information provided to answer the questions that follow.
K
Copper turnings
Apparatus I
500
Water 400
300
200
Heat
100
Water
Flask H
A. 500cm3 measuring cylinder K was filled with water and assembled for gas collection. Copper
turnings were heated red hot and water was slowly passed into 500cm 3 flask H until it reached
the 500cm3 mark. A colourless gas was collected in K.
(i) What was the purpose of passing water into flask H? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) What observations were made in the tube I? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Name one of the gases that is likely to be found in K. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) What was the volume of the gas collected in the measuring cylinder at the end of the
experiment (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8
(v) Calculate the percentage of oxygen in air using the above results. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
Copper (II) Oxide

Ice – cold water
H2
Heat
Water
(i) State the observations made in the combustion tube. Explain. (2mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write an equation for the formation of the colourless liquid Y. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii)What was the aim of the above experiment as demonstrated in the combustion tube? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Give two uses of hydrogen gas. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9
5. a) What are hydrocarbons? (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(a) The list below comprises organic compound:-
CH3CH2CH3,CH3(CH2)CH3, CH3CH3
(i) To which homologous series does the compound belong? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)
Write down the general formulae of the homologous series you have named in (a)
above (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name the following compounds. (2mks)
(i) CH3CCCH3
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
H H H H H
(ii) H C C C C C H
H OH OH H H
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Study the flow chart below and answer questions that follow
CH3CH2CH2Cl
Step (VI) CH3CH2CH3 Step (V)
Gas R + Liquid T Gas P
Heat + O2 Cl2
Step IV
CH3CH = CH2 HBr Compound Q

Step III
CH2 – CH Step II
Step I
CH3
n CH3CH2CH2OH

10
(i) Name two process labeled: (2mks)

(a) Step (I)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Step (III)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Step (IV)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Step (V)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State the reagent and conditions necessary for step (IV). (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Name (2mks)
(a) Compound Q
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Gas P
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Write a balanced chemical equation for Step (VI). (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v)
Describe a chemical test to differentiate between CH3CHCH2 and CH3CH2CH3.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 10 | P a g e

11
6. (i) In a experiment, carbon (iv) oxide gas was passed over heated charcoal and the gas
produced collected as shown in the figurer below.
Charcoal
CO2 CO(g)
Combustion
tube Heat
Water
Sodium Hydroxide
(a) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name another substance that can be used instead of sodium hydroxide. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Describe a simple chemical test that can be used to distinguish between CO2 and CO (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) What property makes carbon (iv) oxide to be collected over water. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) Carbon (II) oxide is described as a “Silent killer” state one physical property of CO that makes
it a silent killer. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(II). (a) What is allotropy? (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
FOR MS CALL 0724351706 11 | P a g e

12
(b) Name one other element that exhibit allotropy apart from carbon. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Explain why graphite is used as a lubricant in Heavy machines (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Copper (II)
7. (a) sulphate
Boiling tube
Heat
Ice – cold
water
Liquid P
i. Give an observation in the boiling tube. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. What is the type change investigated?
Give a reason. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. Name Liquid P (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Page 12 of 13
13
(c) The curve shown below was obtained when pure naphthalene was heated to boiling.
D E
Temperature
0C
B C
Time (min)
(i) Identify the type of curve shown above. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Explain in terms of kinetic theory, the process occurring in region AB. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) The curve above shows pure substances. On the same axis, sketch a curve of an impure
substance. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Give Two industrial application of the effect of impurities on substances. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Page 13 of 13
CHEMISTRY
233/3 (PRACTICAL) Paper 3
2 ¼ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………….ADM. NO…………..CLASS…………...
INDEX NUMBER……………………………DATE…………………SIGNATURE…………………
• Write your name, admission number, index number and class in the spaces
provided above.
• Indicate the date of exam and sign off in the spaces provided above
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
• KNEC Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English.
• Candidates should take the first 15 minutes to go through the instructions.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY:

QUESTIONS MAXIMUM CANDIDATE’S
SCORE SCORE
1 13
2 11
3 16
Grand
Total 40
This paper consists of 6 printed pages. Candidates should check to ascertain that all
pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
1
5.0g of solid G

The solubility of solid G at different temperatures
PROCEDURE I
I. Fill the burette with distilled water. Put all solid G in a clean boiling tube and add 4cm3 of
distilled water using the burette. Heat the mixture using a non-luminous flame while stirring with
the thermometer to about 78ᵒC until all the solid dissolves.
II. Allow the solution to cool while stirring with the thermometer and note the temperature at which
crystals of G first appear. To ensure faster cooling, carefully run a continuous stream of tap water
over the wall of the boiling tube. Record the temperature at which crystals of G start to appear in
Table 1 below.
III. Using the burette, add 2cm3 of distilled water to the contents of the boiling tube. Heat the mixture
again until all solid G dissolves. Allow the solution to cool while stirring with the thermometer
and note the temperature at which crystals first start to appear. Record the temperature in Table 1
below.
IV. Repeat procedure III three more times with different volumes of distilled water as indicated in
Table 1 and complete the table.
Table 1
Volume of distilled Temperature at which Solubility of solid G in g/100g
water in the boiling crystals of solid G appear (ᵒC) of water
tube (cm3)
4
10
12
(3½ marks)
a) Complete the table by calculating the solubility of solid G in g/100g of water. (2½ marks)
2
b) On the grid provided, plot a graph of solubility of G against temperature. (3 marks)
c) Using the graph, determine:

i. The temperature at which 100g of solid G would dissolve in 100cm3 of water. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. The solubility of solid G at 55ᵒC. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii. Concentration of the solution in moles per litre at 60ᵒC. (Relative Molecular Mass of solid G
is 126) (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3
Solid P - 2.6g of anhydrous metal carbonate, X2CO3
Solution Q – 0.5M hydrochloric acid
The Relative Atomic Mass of X
PROCEDURE
I. Using a measuring cylinder, measure 100cm3 of distilled water into a 200ml beaker. Add all solid
P and stir until it dissolves. Label this solution P.
II. Fill the burette with solution Q.
III. Pipette 25cm3 of solution P into a clean 250ml conical flask. Add 2 drops of methyl orange
indicator. Titrate against solution Q until a permanent pink colour.
IV. Repeat procedure III and complete table 2 below.
Table 2
Experiment 1 2 3
Volume of solution Q (cm3)
(4 marks)
a) Determine the average volume of solution Q used in cm3. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Calculate:
i) The number of moles of solution Q used. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) The number of moles of solution P in 25cm3 of solution. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4
iii) The number of moles of solution P in 100cm3 of solution. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
iv) The relative formula mass of solid P, X2CO3. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
v) The relative atomic mass of X. (C = 12, O = 16) (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. (a) You are provided with solid R. Carry out the tests below. Write your observations and inferences
in the spaces provided.
i) Scoop a spatula endful of solid R and place in a test tube. Heat the solid gently.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
ii) Place the remaining solid in a boiling tube and add about 10cm 3 of distilled water. Shake the
solution. Divide the solution into four portions.
I. To the 1st portion, dip both blue and red litmus papers.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
II. To the 2nd portion, add 2 – 3 drops of barium nitrate and shake.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
5
III. To the 3rd portion, add sodium hydroxide dropwise till in excess.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
IV. To the 4th portion, add ammonia solution dropwise till in excess.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
(b) You are provided with solid T. Carry out the tests below and record your observations and
i) Scoop a third of solid T using a clean spatula and ignite using a Bunsen burner.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
ii) Place the remaining solid in a boiling tube and add about 5cm 3 of distilled water.
I. To about 2cm3 of the solution in a test tube, add 2 drops acidified potassium manganate
(VII) and warm.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
II. To about 2cm3 of the solution in a test tube, add a spatula endful of sodium hydrogen
carbonate.
(1 mark) (1 mark)
6
NAME …………………………..……………….. DATE:…………………………
ADM NO ……….……….…………………...…..… CLASS ……………..…………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
THEORY
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS.
LENANA SCHOOL TRIAL EXAMS 2024
FORM 4
▪ Instruction to candidates
(d) KNEC mathematical tables and silent non- programmable electronic calculators may be used.
indicated and that no questions are missing.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Grand
Total
1
1. The diagram below shows the heating curve of a pure substance. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
a) What are the physical states of the substances at point W and Y. (2mks)
b) Explain why the temperature remains constant between point B and C. (2mks)
2. Consider the reaction below.

Cr2O7(aq) CrO2-4(aq) + 2H+(aq)
Using oxidation numbers explain whether the above reaction is a redox reaction or not.
(3mks)
3. Dry sulphur (IV) oxide was passed through two pieces of coloured silk both in a gas jar as shown in the
diagram.
a) State the observation in the gas jars. (2mks)

2
b) Write equations to explain your observations in flask II. (2mks)
4. The equations show some reactions. Use the equations to answer the following questions.
CH3CH2OH Step I CH2=CH2 Step II CH3CH3
a) Name the type of reaction in step I and II. (2mks)
b) Explain why ethane burns with a more smoky flame than ethane. (2mks)
5. The third number of the alkenes is converted to its corresponding saturated hydrocarbon by
hydrogenation. Using the bond energy values given below, answer the questions that follow.
Bond Bond energy kJ/mol
H-H 432
C=C 610
C-C 346
C-H 413
Determine the enthalphy change for the conversion of the third member of the alkenes to its
corresponding saturated hydrocarbon by hydrogenation. (3mks)
6. a) Graphite is a non metal most commonly used as an electrode. State two properties that make it
suitable for use as an electrode. (2mks)
b) Graphite is an allotrope of carbon. Distinguish between allotropes and isotopes. (2mks)
7. Use the information in the energy cycle below to answer the questions that follow.
3
i. What is the name given to the energy changes? (3mks)
H1-
H2-
H3-
ii. Given H1= 2237KJ/Mol and H2= -2378KJ/Mol, calculate the value of H3.
(1mk)
8. The 1st 2nd and 3rd ionization energies in KJ/Mol of element G and R are given below.
Element 1st I.E 2nd I.E 3rd I.E
G 520 7,300 9,500
R 420 3,100 4,800
st
i. Define the term 1 ionization energy. (1mk)
ii. Apart from the decrease in energy levels, explain the big difference between the 1st and 2nd
ionization energies. (1mk)
iii. Calculate the amount of energy for the process. (1mk)
R(g) R(g) +3e
9. When solid Zinc carbonate was added to a solution of hydrogen chloride in methylbenzene, there was
no observable change. On addition of some water to the mixture to the mixture there was effervescence.
Explain theses observation. (2mks)
4
10. a) The diagram below represents an incomplete set-up of apparatus that can be used to prepare dry
carbon (iv) oxide gas. Complete the diagram and answer the questions that follow.
i. Write an equation for the reaction that takes place. (1mk)
ii. Name liquid Z. (1mk)
iii. State two advantages of using ‘dry ice’ over ordinary ice as a refrigerant. (2mks)
11. Study the chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Mixture X
Step I
Add water and filter
White precipitate Step II Colourless Black solid

insoluble on boiling solution
Add Barium Step IV
Step III
nitrate solution Add dilute nitric acid
Add ammonia insoluble on
excess
White precipitate Pale blue solution

insoluble on excess
a) Name:
i. Cations present in mixture X. (1mk)
5
ii. Anions present in the solution. (1mk)
b) Write an equation to show how the white precipitate in step III dissolves. (1mk)
c) Name the process outlined in step IV above. (1mk)
12. i) A student intending to prepare lead (II) sulphate reacted lead metal with dilute sulphuric acid.
However, he was not successful. Explain why he was not successful.
(1mk)
ii) Suggest a method the student could have used to prepare lead (II) sulphate. (2mks)
iii) Write an ionic equation that would take place in (ii) above. (1mk)
13. In an experiment, ammonium chloride was heated in a test-tube. A moist red litmus paper placed at the
mouth of the test-tube first changed blue then red. Explain these observations.
(2mks)
14. An element X has two naturally occurring isotopes X-22 and X-20. If its relative atomic mass is 21.8,
calculate the percentage abundance of the more stable isotope. (2mks)
15. Fractional distillation of crude oil used to produce the following fractions; petrol, diesel, petroleum
gases, kerosene, naphtha and bitumen. Below is a simplified diagram of a fractionating column used
during the refining of crude oil.
i. On the diagram, write the names of theses fractions in their correct positions.
(3mks)
6
ii. Which fraction is used as a jet fuel? (1mk)
iii. What process is used to convert higher fractions to lower fractions? (1mk)
16. Carbon (iv) oxide and silicon (iv) oxide are both covalent oxides but carbon is a gas whereas silicon (iv)
oxide is a solid with high melting point. Explain. (2mks)
17. The ability of hard water to conduct electricity falls when water is boiled but is not much affected when
the water hardness is removed by addition of washing soda (sodium carbonate). Explain.
(2mks)
18. When sulphur is heated in a boiling tube in absence of air, the yellow crystals melts into golden yellow
mobile liquid at 113oC. The liquid changes at 180oC into a dark brown very viscous liquid. More heating
to about 400oC, produces a brown less viscous liquid.
a) Draw the molecular structure of sulphur in the yellow crystals. (1mk)
b) Explain why the molten liquid becomes viscous. (1mk)
c) If the brown liquid at 400oC is cooled rapidly by pouring it into cold water, which form of
sulphur is produced? (1mk)
d) State the observation made when sulphur is heated in a deflagrating spoon. (1mk)
19. The table below gives some information about certain chemical substances. The letters used are not the
actual chemical symbols or formulae.
Substance Melting Boiling Electrical conductivity

point (oC) point Of solid Of liquid In water
(oC)
A 1540 3000 Good good Insoluble
7
B -114 -85 Poor poor good
C 712 1418 Poor good good
D -39 357 Good good insoluble
E 2045 3000 Poor good insoluble
f 1700 2776 Poor good insoluble
a) From the table, select;

i. Two substances that cannot be elements. (1mk)
ii. A substance that is likely to have giant atomic structure. (1mk)
iii. A substance that is likely to consist of molecules and which produce ions when added to
water. (1mk)
20. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
i. Write the equation for the combustion of propane. (1mk)
ii. The pH of substance K was found to be less than 7. Explain this observation.
(1mk)
21. Explain how you would separate a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen gases given that their boiling points
are -196oC and -183oC respectively. (2mks)
22. Dry carbon (iv) oxide gas reacts with heated lead (ii) oxide as shown in the equation below.
PbO(s) + CO(g) Pb(s) +CO2(g)
a) Name the process undergone by the lead (ii) oxide. (1mk)
b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1mk)
8
c) Name another gas that can be used to perform the same function as carbon(IV) oxide gas in the
above reaction. (1mk)
23. The set-up below was used to collect gas F, provided by the reaction between water and calcium metal.
a) Name gas F. (1mk)
b) At the end of the experiment the solution was found to be a weak base. Explain why the solution
is a weak base. (2mks)
c) Give one laboratory use of the solution formed in the beaker. (1mk)
24. In terms of structure and bonding, explain why graphite is used as a lubricant. (2mks)
25. The reaction between a piece of magnesium ribbon with excess 2M hydrochloric acid was investigated
at 25oC by measuring the volume of hydrogen gas produced as the reaction progressed. The sketch
below represents the graph that was obtained.
Volume of H2
gas produced
9
a) Name one piece of apparatus that may be used to measure the volume of hydrogen gas produced.
(1mk)
b) On the same diagram the curve that would be obtained if the experiment was repeated at 35oC.
(1mk)
26. Methane reacts with oxygen according to the equation given below;
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) 2H2O(g) H= -890KJMol-1
Calculate the volume of methane whoch would produce 11.25KJ when completely burnt at r.t.p (molar
volume of a gas at r.t.p = 24litre) (2mks)
10
NAME …………………… ………………………… ADM NO:……………..CLASS ..........
CANDIDATE’S SIGN……...…………… DATE……………………………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
(THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
LENANA SCHOOL TRIAL EXAMS 2024

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
3. Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
5. Candidates should check to ascertain that each page s printed as indicated and that no question is/are
missing.

1
80
TOTAL
1
1. The grid shown below represents the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow ( the
letters do not represent actual symbols of the element)
K S
G T
H
L
a) Which element exists naturally as a; (2mks)
i. Diatomic gas
ii. Monoatomic gas
b) Write down the formula for the most stable ion of K and its electronic arrangement.
(1mk)
c) How do the atomic radii of G and L compare? Explain. (2mks)
d) How do the first ionization energies of G and L compare? Explain. (2mks)
e) Which two electrons would react most vigorously with each other? (1mk)
f) Give an equation for the reaction between the elements you have given in (e) above.
(2mks)
g) Which element has the smallest atomic radius? Explain. (2mks)
2
h) Give the number of valence electrons in; (2mks)
i. K
ii. T
2. Study the reaction scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
Sulphur (iv) Oxide Sodium
Step 2 Heat Step 6
Hydrogen peroxide Step 1 Oxygen Step 3 Sodium peroxide
Step 5 Copper Step 4 Water
Substance U Solution V
a) Identify substance U and solution V. (2mks)
b) Name the reagents necessary for the reactions in the following steps. (2mks)
i. Step 1
ii. Step 2
iii. Step 3
iv. Step 6
c) Give the condition necessary for the reaction in step 5 to take place. (1mk)
d) Write equations for the reactions in the following steps. (3mks)

i. Step 1
ii. Step 2
iii. Step 5
3
e) State and explain the observation made in step 5. (2mks)
3. The table shows the variation of volumes at different amounts of pressure.

Pressure in 10 8 5 2 1
atmosphere
Volume (cm3) 160 200 320 800 1600
Reciprocal of
pressure (I/p)
i. Complete the table by determine the reciprocal of pressure. (2mks)
ii. Plot a graph of volume against reciprocal of pressure. (3mks)
iii. Use the graph to determine the volume of gas P at a pressure of 3.2 atmosphere.
(1mk)
iv. Calculate the pressure of gas P which has a volume of 5 litres. (2mks)
v. A given volume of nitrogen gas requires 68.3 seconds to diffuse through a tinny hole in a
chamber. Under the same conditions another unknown gas requires 85.6 seconds for the same
volume to diffuse. What is the molecular mass of this gas?(r=14)
(3mks)
4
4. In an experiment to determine the molar heat of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium
hydroxide, students of Anestar Secondary school reacted 100cm 3 of 1M hydrochloric acid with 50cm3 of
2M sodium hydroxide solution. They obtained the following results.
Initial temperature of acid=25.0oC
Initial temperature of base = 25.0oC
Highest temperature reached (acid +alkali mixture) = 34.0 oC
a) Define the term molar heat of neutralization. (1mk)
b) Write an ionic equation for the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide. (1mk)
c) Calculate:
i. The change in temperature( T)
ii. The amount of heat produced during the reaction (specific heat capacity = 4.2KJkg -1k-)
iii. The molar heat of neutralization of sodium hydroxide.
d) Write the thermochemical equation for the reaction. (1mk)
e) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction. (2mks)
f) Explain why the enthalpy of neutralization of ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide
5
5. a) The diagram below was used to prepare a gas X in the laboratory. Study it answer the questions that
follow.
i. Name gas x. (1mk)
ii. Write an equation to show the production of gas x. (1mk)
b) Study the scheme diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
Ethanol
Step 1
Step III Step II

C2H6 Ethene - CH2CH2- n
Step IV
CH3CH2Cl
6
i. Name the catalyst that is suitable to carry out the reaction in step 1. (1mk)
ii. Name the process that takes place in step II. (1mk)
iii. State the conditions necessary for the reaction in step III to occur. (1mk)
iv. Write down the equation for the reaction that takes place in step IV. (1mk)
c) Other than using burning, describe how you would distinguish between ethane and
ethayne.
d) Draw and name all structures of the isomers of the compound with molecular formula
C4H8. (3mks)
6. The diagram below shows a voltaic cell formed between half cells Cr 3+(aq)/Cr(s) Eө=+0.80
Study it and answer the questions that follow.
a) What is the e.m.f of the cell? (1mk)
b) State the direction of movement of electrons. (1mk)
7
c) Which electrode is the anode? Explain. (1mk)
d) State the half cell in which reduction occurs and give the equation for the reaction.
(2mks)
e) What will happen to the electrodes during the operation of the cell? (2mks)
f) State two function of the salt bridge. (2mks)
7. Study the flow chart below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
SO2 Step 3 SO3 Step 4 F Step 5 H2SO4 Step 6 G
H2 Air H D
A A A D
Step 1
NH3 B C HNO3
N2(s)
Step 2
a) Name substance A,B,D, and F. (2mks)
b) Substance E and ammonium sulphate have one common use. State the use. (1mk)
c) Name the suitable catalyst in step 3. (1mk)
8
d) Write the chemical equation in step 4. (1mk)
e) Identify two gaseous environmental pollutants from the above flow chart. (1mk)
f) State the observation when potassium hydroxide is warmed with substance G.

(1mk)
g) Write a chemical equation where concentrated sulpheric (VI) acid is used as an oxidizing agent.
(2mks)
h) Write type of reaction is shown in the equation: (1mk)

KNO3(aq) + H2SO4(l) + HNO3(g)
i) Carbon (IV) oxide reacts with red hot carbon to produce a colourless gas P. Name gas P and state
and explain the precaution you take when preparing this colourless gas P.
(2mks)
9
NAME………………………………………………INDEX NO:.…ADM NO………
SCHOOL………………………………………SIGNATURE…….…. DATE………
233/1
CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 (THEORY)
THEORY
TERM 1
2 HOURS
MANGU SCHOOL TRIAL EXAM 2024

❖ Write your name and index in the spaces provided.
❖ Sign and write the date the examination is done.
❖ Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
❖ Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
❖ ALL workings MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
❖ This paper contains 11 printed pages.
❖ Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed
as indicated and that no question is missing.
❖ Candidates should answer questions in English.

Question Maximum score Candidates score
1-27 80
Chemistry 233/1 for ms call 0724351706 Page 1 of 11

1. The electronic configurations for elements represented by letters A, B, C and D are
A 2.8.6 B. 2.8.2. C.2.8.1. D.2.8.8
(a) Select the element which forms:

i) A double charged cation (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) A soluble carbonate (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Which element has the largest atomic radius (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. An element R has atomic number 3, relative atomic mass 6.94 and consist of two isotopes of
mass numbers 6 and 7.
(i) What is the mass number of the more abundant isotope of R? Give a reason for
your answer. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Complete the following table. (1 mark)
Element Number of neutrons Number of electrons
3. R COO- Na+ and RC6H5 OSO3 -Na+ represent two cleaning agents where R is a long
hydrocarbon chain.
(a) Which of the cleansing agents is suitable for use with hard water? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write the formula of an ion than causes:

(i) Water hardness (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Permanent water hardness (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. In an experiment, a student put equal volumes of mixtures of ethanoic acid in water and ethanoic
acid in hexane in two test-tubes as shown below. In each test tube, equal amounts of solid sodium
hydrogen carbonate were added.
a) State the observation which was made in each test-tube (1 mark)

Test tube 1
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Test tube 2
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain the observations in (a) above (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Bromine reacts with ethane as shown below
C2H6 + Br2 C2H5Br + HBr.
(a) What condition is necessary for this reaction to occur? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Identify the bonds which are broken and those that are formed. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Draw a well labelled diagram of the non-luminous flame (3 marks)
7. In an experiment 20cm3 of 0.1 M sulphuric (VI) acid were reacted with 20cm3 of 0.1 M
sodium hydroxide.
(a) Write in equation of the reaction that took place. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State the observations that were made when both red and blue litmus papers were
dropped into the mixture. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. The diagram below represents a paper chromatogram for three brands of juices suspected to
contain banned food colourings.
x x x
K L M
Brand of juice
The results showed the presence of banned food colourings in L and M only. On the same
diagram:
a) Circle the spots which show the banned food colourings (2 marks)
b) Show solvent front. (1 mark)

9. A Compound whose general formula is M(OH)3 reacts as shown by the equation.
M(OH)3 (q) + OH- (aq) M(OH) –4(aq)

M(OH) 3(q) + 3H+ (aq) M3+ (aq) + 3H2O(l)
(a) What name is given to compounds which behave like M(OH) 3 in the two reactions.
(1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name two elements whose hydroxides behave like that of M. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. A compound contains 82.75% carbon and the rest is Hydrogen. (C=12, H=1)
(a) Determine its empirical formula. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Determine the molecular formula if its molecular mass is 58. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. A form four student wanted to determine the solubility of potassium nitrate. He obtained the
following results.
Mass of evaporating dish = 15.13g
Mass of evaporating dish and solution = 36.51g
Mass of evaporating dish and salt = 19.41g
Use the information above to calculate the solubility of potassium nitrate. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………

12. Filtration is carried out in the apparatus shown below.
Filter paper
X
Funnel
Beaker
a) Name X and Y (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………
b) State one application of filtration (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………
13. a) State Boyle’s law (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………
b) A gas occupies a volume of 80dm3 at s.t.p. At what pressure will its volume be doubled if
the temperature rises by 105℃? (At s.t.p temperature = 0℃, pressure = 760mmHg)
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………
14. Consider the reaction below.
Alkanol + Alkanoic acid Ester + water
a) Give the name of the process represented by the above reaction. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Name the catalyst which is usually used in the above reaction. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State the observation made during the reaction of alkanols and alkanoic acids. (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Hydrogen sulphide gas was lighted in a gas jar of air using the arrangement below.
Hydrogen
sulphide
a) Write an equation for combustion of hydrogen sulphide gas. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State what is observed if the product is passed through acidified potassium dichromate
(VI) solution. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. A set-up to investigate electrical conductivity of substances was assembled as shown below.
The bulb did not light.

(a) What was missing in the set-up? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) The bulb lit when the omission was corrected. Explain. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State one application of electrolysis. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Steam is passed over heated iron filings in a combustion tube.
(a) Name the two products of this reaction. (2 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Why is it not advisable to react sodium metal with steam? (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
(a) What are allotropes? (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) In terms of structure and bonding explain why diamond is used in drilling through hard
rocks while graphite is a lubricant (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
19. Give the systematic name of each of the compounds represented by the formulae below.
(3 marks)
(a) CH3C≡CCH3
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
(b) CH3CH=CHCH2CH3
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
(c) CH3CH2COONa
………………………………………………………………………………….…………

(a) Name a suitable drying agent for ammonia. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
(b) Describe one chemical test for ammonia. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
(c) Name G. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
21. Describe how dry chlorine and hydrogen chloride gases in gas jars can be distinguished using
dry blue litmus papers, distilled water and a fume chamber. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. (a) State two factors that accelerate rusting. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Iron sheets are dipped in molten zinc to prevent rusting. Name this process. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. Given the following substances: wood ash, lemon juice and sodium chloride.
(a) Name one commercial indicator that can be used to show whether rain water wood ash,
lemon juice and sodium chloride are acidic, basic or neutral. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Classify the substances in 15(a) above as acids, bases or neutral. (2 marks)
Acidic Basic Neutral
24. Emission of carbon (IV) oxide into the atmosphere has become one of the world’s major
concerns.
(a) State one disadvantage of releasing carbon (IV) oxide into the atmosphere. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) What causes the level of carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere to increase? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) How can the amount of carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere be reduced other than
avoiding the causes in (b) above? (1 mark)?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. When Xcm3 of 0.5M zinc nitrate solution were reacted with excess ammonium carbonate
solution, the mass of zinc carbonate formed was 12.5g.
(a) Write the ionic equation for the reaction that took place. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the value of X. (C = 12.0, Zn = 65.0, O = 16.0) (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

26. Below is a sketch of an energy level diagram.
a) On the diagram show the heat of reaction ∆H. (1 mark)
b) State and explain the type of reaction represented by the above energy level diagram.
(2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. Starting with copper metal describe how a sample of crystals of copper (II) chloride may be
prepared in the laboratory (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
The Last Printed Page

CHEMISTRY
FORM 4
PAPER 2
END TERM 1 EXAMS
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE STUDENTS:-

● Write your Name and Admission number in the spaces provided.
● Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
● All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
1.The following is an extract of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
a) State the name given to the groups the following elements belong; (1mk)
i) Z
ii) Y, G and A
b) Compare the following;
1
i) The atomic and ionic radius of element V. (1 ½ mk)
ii) The melting points of elements G and Z (1 ½ mk)
c) The oxide of M reacts with both dilute acids an alkalis. Write a balanced chemical equation to
show how the oxide reacts with dilute sodium hydroxide solution. (1mk)
d) Choose the letter that represents the element that is ; (1mk)

i) the most reactive metal ---
ii) the strongest oxidizing agent----
e) Elements L and M are good conductors of electricity but M is a better conductor than L.
Explain. (1mk)
f) Explain how sodium hydrogen carbonate solid can be used to differentiate between solutions of
the chlorides of L and B. (2mk)
g) 4.1 grams of the nitrate of F was strongly heated until a constant mass was obtained.
i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that took place. (1mk)
ii) List any observation made during the heating (1mk)
iii) Calculate the total volume of the gaseous products obtained if the reaction took place at room
temperature and pressure. (1mole of gas at RTP=24dm 3, N=14, O=16, F= 40).
(2mk)
2
2. The table below shows the solubilities of potassium nitrate at different temperatures.
Temperature 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
c
Solubility 80 88 96 104 114 124 136 148 162 180
g/100g of
water
a) Plot a graph of solubilities of potassium nitrate against temperature. (3mk)
b) From your graph determine;

i) the solubility of the potassium nitrate at 650c. (1mk)
3
ii) the mass of potassium nitrate that would dissolve in 50g of water at 820c. (2mk)
c) Determine the molar concentration of potassium nitrate at 37 0 c. (N=14, O= 16, K= 39.

Assume the density of solution to be 1g/cm3 ) (3mk)
d) 130g of potassium nitrate salt was added to 100g of water and heated to 90 0c. It was then
cooled to 150 c.
i) At what temperature were the crystals first formed? (1mk)
ii) Calculate the mass of crystals formed. (1mk)
e) C17H35COONa is cleansing agent used to remove dirt from clothes. It is manufactured by

hydrolyzing vegetable oil using 4M NaOH hydroxide solution. After boiling for sometime,
adding small amounts of distilled water and stirring, a certain compound is added.
i) Name the compound added and state its role.
(2mk)
ii) Describe the mode of action of the cleansing agent.

(3mk)
3. a)Chlorine gas is prepared in the laboratory by reacting concentrated hydrochloric acid with an
oxidizing agent like potassium manganate (VII)
i) List other two oxidizing agents that can be used in place of KMnO 4 (1mk)
4
ii) Freshly cut blue flower petals were placed in a gas jar containing oxygen and another
containing chlorine gas. Explain the differences in the observations made. (2mks)
iii) State any two uses of hydrochloric acid (1mk)
b) Hydrogen chloride gas was passed over heated iron powder as shown in the diagram below
.Study it and answer the questions that follow.
i) State and explain the observations made in the combustion tube. (2mk)
ii) Blue litmus paper was placed in the trough with water and it turned red, explain this
observation. (1mk)
iii) Describe the chemical test for gas Q

(1mk)
5
4. a) i) State any two adaptations of the burette to perform its functions. (2mk)
ii) The Bunsen burner produces two types of flames. The non-luminous flame is mostly preferred
for heating. Under what condition is the other type of flame produced and what two reasons
makes it not suitable for heating.
Condition- (1mk)
Reasons - (1mk)
b) An agriculture student wanted to determine the pH of a soil sample in order to know the
fertilizer to add to the soil upon planting. Describe the procedure the student would have followed
to determine this soil pH. (2mk)
c) The table below shows different properties of mixtures. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
Liquid Q J
Water Immiscible Miscible
Ethanol Miscible Miscible
i) What physical property is used when choosing the method to separate a mixture of ethanol and
J (1mk)
ii) Name two methods used to separate mixture of water and Q

(1mk)
d) Use well labelled diagrams to show how a mixture of potassium chloride, anhydrous iron (iii)
chloride and lead sulphate solids can be separated to acquire a pure and solid sample of each.
(3mk)
6
5. a) i)Define the term enthalpy of formation
(1mk)
ii) Use the information below to answer the questions that follow.
Equation enthalpy
H2 (g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(g) ∆H= -286kJmol-1
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ∆H= -394kJmol-1
2C(s) + 3H2 (g) + ½ O2(g) C2H5OH (l) ∆H= -277kJmol-1
I) Draw an energy cycle diagram linking the above enthalpies with the molar enthalpy of
combustion of ethanol. (2mk)
II) Hence calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion of ethanol.

(1mk)
b) In an experiment to determine the molar enthalpy of displacement of copper, 100cm 3 of 2M

copper ii sulphate solution was placed in a plastic beaker and its initial temperature recorded as
T1. Excess magnesium was then added to the beaker and thoroughly stirred until no further
change in temperature occurred. The highest temperature obtained was recorded as T 2.
i) Other than the temperature rise, state and explain the observations that were made during
the reaction.
(2mk)
ii) Calculate the heat change for the reaction above given that, T 1 = 21.50c and T2= 380c.
7
(SHC= 4.2Jg-1k-1 and the density of the solution is 1gm/cm3 )
(1mk )
iii) Determine the molar heat of displacement of copper by magnesium. (

2 mk)
iv) Write the thermochemical equation for the reaction that took place
(1mk)
6. a i) Which type of sulphur is formed under the following conditions;

(2mk)
Conditions Type of sulphur
Below 960c
Rapidly cooling sulphur vapor
Pouring boiling sulphur in cold water
Above 960c
b) i) Fill in the gaps in the table below.

(3mk)
gas reactants Method of Confirmatory test
collection
Copper, concentrated Changes purple
sulphuric vi acid & acidified KMnO4
heat colourless
Hydrogen Collected over
Sulphide warm water
Sulphur iv oxide XXXXXXXXXXXXX
and
Oxygen gases
ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the other set of reagents that can be used to
prepare sulphur iv oxide gas.
(1mk)
8
iii) State the observation made and the property of concentrated sulphuric vi acid exhibited in
each of the following experiments. 2mks
Reaction of conc. H2SO4 observation Property of concentrated
with; H2SO4
Sugar crystals
Copper turnings
c) A student from Igikiro mixed day secondary school was provided with solid G. The table
below shows the procedures, observations and inferences that the student made in the lab. Study
the table and fill in the missing gaps.
Test Observations Inferences

a) To a spatula full of solid G in Dissolves to form a
a Colourless solution 1mk
Boiling tube. Divide the
Resulting solution into five
portions
bi) to the first portion add Pb2+, Zn2+, Al3+ present

NaOH solution dropwise till 1mk
In excess
ii) to the second portion ,add White precipitate , ½
ammonia solution dropwise insoluble mk
till in excess. in excess
iii) to the third portion, add No white precipitate ½

few drops of potassium mk
sulphate solution.
ci) to the fourth portion add White precipitate ½
few drops of acidified mk
lead nitrate solution.
ii) to the fifth portion add White ppt
few drops of barium nitrate ½
solution mk
9
a) State the name given to the processes taking place in; ( 1 ½ mk)
Step I-
Step X-
Step V-
b) Write chemical equations for the reactions taking place in steps; (2mk)
step ii-
Step X-
c) State the observation made in; (2mk)
i) Step VII-
ii) Step III-
d) i) Draw the structure of polymer T showing 3 repeated units. (1mk)
10
ii) State any one use of polymer T (1mk)
e) State the reagents and conditions for the following reactions;
Step reagent condition

I - -
-
½ mk 1mk
IV -
1mk
11
NAME: ………………..……..………… SCHOOL: …………………………………
INDEX NO: .…………..…..….… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ….….……….....
DATE: …………………………..…….

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 3
(Practical)
2¼ Hours
INSTRUCTIONS:
(i) Write your name and index Number in the spaces provided.
(ii)Answer All questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
(iii) You are NOT allowed to start working with the apparatus for the first 15 minutes of
the 2 ¼ hours allowed for this paper. This time is to enable you to read the question paper
and make sure you have all the chemicals and apparatus that you may need.
(iv) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
(v) Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
FORM EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Question Max. Score Score
1 20
2 14
3 06
Total Score 40
QUESTION 1
You are provided with:
- Solid Z ; 5.0 g of ( COOH)2 .X H2O
- Solution Y ; 0.125658 M KMnO4
You are required to:
a) Determine the solubility of Z at different temperatures.
b) Determine the number of moles of water of crystallization in solid Z.
PROCEDURE 1
a) Using a burette, add 4cm3 of distilled water to solid Z in a boiling tube.
- Heat the mixture while stirring with the thermometer to about 800C.
- When the whole solid dissolves, allow the solution to cool while stirring with the
thermometer
- Note the temperature at which crystals first appear and record this temperature in the
table 1 below.
b) Using a burette add 2cm3more of distilled water into the content of the boiling
tube and warm until the solid dissolve.
- Remove from the flame and allow the solution to cool in air while stirring.
- Record the temperature at which crystal first appear in table 1.
- Repeat procedure (b) 3 more times and complete table 1 below.
- Retain the content of the boiling tube for procedure II
Table I…………… 6mks
Volume of water in Temperature at which Solubility of solid
the boiling tube crystals of solid Z Z( g/100g of water)
3
(cm ) appear (℃)
4
6
8
10
12
I. a) Draw a graph of solubility of solid Z (vertical axis) against temperature
(3mks)
b) From your graph determine the solubility of solid Z at 600C (1mk)
PROCEDURE II
a) – Transfer the contents of the boiling tube into a 250ml volumetric flask.
- Add distilled water up to the mark
- Label this solution Z
b) – Using a clean pipette and a pipette filler, transfer 25ml of solution Z into a conical
flask.
- Warm the mixture up to 600C

- Fill a burette with solution Y
- Titrate Y against the hot solution Z until a permanent pink colour persist
- Record your results in Table 2 below
c) Repeat (b) 2 more times are record your results in the table 2 below.
TABLE 2 I II III
Volume of solution Y used (cm3)
(4mk)
II) a) Calculate the average volume of solution Y used (1mk)
b) Calculate the number of moles of Y used (1mk)
c) Given 2 moles of KMnO4 react with 5 moles of Z, calculate the number of moles of Z
in 25cm3 (1mk)
d) Calculate the molarity of Z (1mk)
e) Determine the molar mass of Z (1mk)
f) Determine the value of X (C=12, O=16 H=1) (1mk)

2. You are provided with solid W. Carry out the tests below and record your
a) Place solid W in a dry boiling tube. Add about 20cm3 distilled water and shake well.
Filter to obtain the residue and the filtrate.
Observations (1mk) Inferences (1mk)
b) Divide the filtrate into 3 portions.

i) To the first portion, add Ba (NO3)2, followed by 5 drops of dilute nitric (v) acid
Observations ( 1mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)
ii) To the 2nd portion, add sodium hydroxide drop wise until in excess
Observations ( 1mk) Inferences (1mk)
iii)To the 3rd portion, add aqueous ammonia dropwise until in excess
c) Wash the residue and put it in a test tube. Add about 15cm3 of dilute nitric (v) acid.
Test the gas produced with a burning splint. Divide the solution into 3 portions
i) Add sodium hydroxide to the first portion dropwise until in excess to the 1 st
portion
ii) Add 2 drops of potassium iodide to the 2nd portion.
Observations ( ½ mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)
iii) Add 2 cm3 of solution R to the 3rd portion and wait for few seconds.
3. You are provided with solid V. Carry out the tests below and record your
a) Place a half spatula of solid V in a dry boiling tube. Add about 6cm3 distilled water
and shake well.
Observations (1mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)
b) Divide into 3 portions

i) To the first portion, add ½ spatula of NaHCO3
ii) To the 2nd portion , add 3 drops of acidified K2Cr2O7 and warm
Observations (½ mk) Inferences ( ½ mk)
iii)To the 3rd portion, add 3 drops of acidified KMnO4
b) Scoop the remaining with a spatula and heat it on a non-luminous flame

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KCSE TOP NATIONAL SCHOOLS

2024 CLUSTER EXAMS

ALLIANCE BOYS CLUSTER EXAMINATION

FOR EXAMINER’S ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM CANDIDATES

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(i) Identify a mistake in the set up (1 mark)

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b) What colour change would occur in solution A on addition of three drops of

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9. The table below gives some bond energies of some bonds.

Bond Bond energy (lgmol-1)

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H2 (g) +Cl2 (g) 2HCl (g)

(a) State whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Explain

10. The molecular formula of two straight chain hydrocarbon is C4H6

Red litmus paper

Sodium sulphite gas x

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(b) Select a letter which represents a monoatomic gas. (1 mark)

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(i) What is the process involved in step L (1 mark)

(ii) Explain how process N and P can be affected (2 marks)

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(ii) Name one chemical substance added in step II (1 mark)

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2H+(aq) + Cr2072-(aq) + 3SO2 (aq) Cr3+(aq) + 3SO42- +H20(l)

Identify the reducing agent, explain your answer. (2 marks)

ii) Why is it necessary to use a funnel in the beaker? (1 mark)

21. The flow chart/diagram below outlines a method of preparing a fertilizer

Nitric (V) acid Gas W

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(ii) NH+4 (1mk)

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(a) What is hard water? (1 mark)

(c) State one advantage of hard water. (1 mark)

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Solid sulphur Step I Amber liquid Step 2 Dark

Explain the observations made in:

(a) What is the molecular formula of this compound? (1 mark)

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LAST PRINTED PAGE

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ALLIANCE BOYS CLUSTER EXAMINATION

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

This paper has 11 printed pages.

FOR MS CALL 0724351706 1|Page

Iron Steam Gas N Lead (II) Solid

ii) Solid P …………....................................................................... ( 1mark)

iii) Solid M………........................................................................… (1 mark)

iv) Liquid L………......................................................................... (1 mark)

FOR MS CALL 0724351706 2|Page

J H2(g) Ethene Conc. H2SO4

(i) Name the process taking place in:

Step I.................................................................................................................. (1 mark)

Step II................................................................................................................. ( 1 mark)

(ii) Give the two conditions necessary in step IV (1 mark)

(iii)State the observation made in step III. (1 mark)

(iv)Name compound J. (1 mark)

FOR MS CALL 0724351706 3|Page

iii) Give one use of the polymer above ( 1 mark)

iv) State one disadvantage of continuous use of this polymer (1 mark)

NAME_____________________________________ CLASS _