VERTEX

A eCLALIKEL KRUnaMNS LN NATNENAEIeN

AS M. Zakarie (MZSt
5/7. tlou, Itnatiat Kound. Mohumnadpu. Dhaka- 1207
NO 130 8s O9 be (ottiee Houus: $AL THU 100-ó00 pm)
vetlex.edu0l6Tgna.com

Class IX-X (Englsh Version)

Higher Mathematics

Seomety (Rxerclse:3)
Qvestlon l

HM-S
8 60". It is required to prove that AC*= A +8C-AB.BC.
Partleular inunclatlon : lu AABC. the angle
Constructton: We drawa perpendicular AD trvm Aon BC.

Proof
ln the AABG, B
= 60", whlch is an acute angle and the orthogonal proieetion ot AB on BC is 8
ACAB* + BC* - 28C.BD. () (tt y tringles the arra et ette qurr deawtt vit the vgINNT

otter tivo siles diæinistei ky twiir the s e T IEe

inctudent by ny vne etthe tater twe sies amë cheorzhngun
prvictior vtthe ettersiie on tiac siuie
Now, in the right anglod AABD,
cosABD

O', cos60"

ot, cos60*=
ABm 2B)

Prom () we get.

ACAB +BC*-BC.AB [Provod

Questlon t2

ParticularBnunctatlon: In ABC, theangte 8 120". It is required te provethat. acA8 +B A8.B

Constructton: We draw a perpondieular aD trom Aon the extended CB

Proof
In the 1AnC, N- 120*, whlch Is an otbtuse angle and the orthogonal proiection of A8 on 8C is BU
 + BC2 + 2BC.BD.. (4) [ln an obtuse angled triangle, the area of the square drawn on the
4CAB
opposite side ofthe obtuse angle is equal to the squares drawn on
the other two sides added by twice the area of rectangle included

by any one ofthe latter two sides and the orthogonal projection of
the other side on that side.]

AABD, ZABD = 180°- 120° = 60°

Now, in the right angled
cOsABD = *

A
cos60° =
AB 2BD

From () vwe get,

AC AB +BC + BC. AB [Proved]

Question #3

In AABC, the angle 2C = 90° and the mid-point of BC is D. It is required to prove that, AB =

Particular Enunciation:
AD +38D
Proof:
to the theorem of Pythagoras,
In the right angled AABC, according
AB =AC?+ BC? B C = 2BD]
AC2+ (2BD)
AC2 + 4BD?
AD2 CD2 + 4BD2 [In the right-angled AACD ,according
to the theorem of Pythagoras,
AC2 = AD - CD2]

(: BD = CD]
AD BD? + 48D2
AB = AD? + 3BD2. [Proved]

Question # 4 (Important)

perpendicular on BC and BE is the perpendicular on AC.

Particular Enunciation : In 4ABC, AD is the
It is required to prove that, .CD = AC. CE

Proof: In the AABC, LACB is an acute angle
The orthogonal projection of AC on BC is CD.
AB = Ac?+BC2 -2BC.CD .
[LACB< right angle LADC]
in any triangle, the area of the square drawn on the opposite
(i)
side of an acute angle is equal to the squares drawn on the
 other two sides diminished by twice the area vf rertangle
included by any one of the latter two sides and the orthogonal
projection ofthe other side on that side./
Again, in the AABG, ZACB is an acute angle.
The orthogonal projection of BC on AC is CE.

AB AC + BC2 -2AC.CE .
.(ii) Same reason]

Fronm () and (ii), we can write,

AC+ BC2- 2BC.CD = AC2 + BC2-2AC.CE
or, -2BC.CD = AC + BC2 2AC.CE - AC2 - BC2

or, -2BC. CD = -2AC.CE

BC.CD = AC.CE.
[Proved]

Questlon #5(lmportant)

Particular Enunciation: ln AABC, the side BC is trisected atthe points P andQ.

It is required to prove that, AB2 +AC? = AP? + AQ? + 4PQ2.

Proof:
In the AABQ, P is the mid-point of BQ, i.e. AP is a median.
According to the theorem of Apollonius,
AB+AQ2 = 2(AP2 + PQ0)
. AB2 = 2AP? + 2PQ2- AQ . . . )

Again, in the AAPC, Qis the mid-point of PC, i.e. AQ is a median.

According to the theorem of Apollonius,
AP? +AC? =2(AQ2 + PQ0)
AC2 = 2AQ? + 2PQ2 - AP2 *********ssu
(i)

Adding (i) and (i), we get-

AB2+AC?= 2AP? + 2PQ + 2AQ2+ 2PQ2 -AQ2-AP2
. AB + AC? = AP? + AQ2 + 4PQ2 Proved

Question #6

P D

Particular Enunciation: In 4ABC, AB = AC and P is any point on BC. It is required to prove that, AB -

AP = BP. PC.

Construction : We draw a perpendicular AD from A on BC.

Proof
In the right angled 4ABD, according to the theorem of Pythagoras,
AB2 AD2 +BD .
 the right augled AAPD, according
to the theorem of Pythagoras,
Again, iin
A P =AD+ PD? (ti)

S u b t r (i)
a c t i n g
from (), we get -

AB-AP = AD* + BD* -

AD?- PD?
= BD-PD?
= (BD + PD)(BD - PD)

= (CD + PD). BP Since, AABC is an isosceles triangle and AD LBC; BD =

CD]
= PC.BP

AB AP =
BP.PC [Proved]

Question #7 (Most Important)

G. It is required to prove that,

Particular Enunciation: Three medians of AABC meet at

AB2+BC2 + CA = 3(GA +GB2 + GC2).

Proof: In the 4ABC, AD is a median.

According to the theorem of Apollonius,
AB +AC2 =2(AD? + BD?)
or, AB2+AC=2AD2 +2BD2
or, AB+ AC2 = 24D +2(

or,AB2 +AC2 2AD2 +2 x =

or, 2AB + 2AC2 BC?

4AD2 = .
()

AABC.
Similarly, BE and CF are the other two medians in
2AB2 +2BC2 - AC? = 4BE2 ***'*****"******
..ii)

And, 2BC2+ 2AC2- AB2 = 4CF2 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * .

(iii)

Adding (),(ü) and (ii), we get

-

4AD2 +4BE2 + 4CF2 + BC2 + Ac?+ AB2

2AB + 2AC?+2AB2+2BC2 + 2BC2 +2AC2
=

or, 44B2+ 4BC2+ 4AC2- BC2- AC2 - AB2

4AD2 +4BE2+ 4CF2 =

3(AB2+ BC2+AC?) =4(AD2 + BE2 + CF2) (iv)

divides each median at the ratio 2: 1.

We know, the centroid (intersecting point of the three medians) ofa triangle
AAG:GD =2:1

[in vertendo
or otAG 1+2
O,AC 22 componendo]
or,
 3AG
o r ,AD =
2

AD2= 240 /squaring)

Similarly, BE = and CF =

Putting the values into (iv), we get -

3(AB+BC +AC*) =4 ( + )

or, 3(AB + BC3 +AC3) =

4.(AG?+ BG2 +CG)
or, 3(AB2+ BC2 + AC?) =9(AG? + BG2 CG?)
. AB +BC2+ AC2 3(GA2 + GB2 +GC).
= [Proved
A.S.M. Zakaria (Z Sir), 01912078395, VERTEX

March 28 2021