DATA DIGEST

BITS & BYTES

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APRIL 2023 EDITION

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 WHAT’S

INSIDE?
Leadership Speaks 03

Great Learning Journey 04

Discover 06
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That’s A Good Question! 07

What’s New? 10

Industry Trends 12

Data Science at Work 14

AI at Work 15

Mentor Speaks 16

Crossword Puzzle 18

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 APRIL 2023 EDITION

Q2. What advice would you give someone

LEADERSHIP who is about to handle a leadership position

SPEAKS
for the first time?

• Build self-awareness

• Never deviate from your core values

• Think about other people’s motivations

comprehend them and then factor in on
why people respond the way they do /
might do

• Prioritise actions based on the impact

• Don’t be afraid of conflict but be respectful

and decent when you have a difference of
opinion

Q3. How do you respond to criticism?

ANIRUDH LUTHRA • Filter the message to only include what is

Associate Director, actually being spoken - this suppresses the
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• Reflect and look back to see if there is a
Q1. What are your core values? How do you trend where something similar has come
ensure that the organisation and its activities up before
are aligned with them?
• Make a mental note in the self-awareness
1. Do the right thing for the right reasons bucket
(for our customers, our colleagues and our
business) • Be fair to yourself, you are only human:)

2. Ensure people get credit for their ideas Q4. Talk about a leader that inspires
and efforts you and why?

• I repeatedly talk about these when I
interact with my team and colleagues
• I constantly remind people around me of
why we do what we do and the impact
our actions can create in the professional
and personal lives of others. Be it our
customers or individuals in our immediate
vicinity
• We must acknowledge when people do the
right thing
I am actually inspired by two sportsmen, MS.
Dhoni (Cricket) and Ben Hogan (Golf). One of
whom is a leader and the other a pioneer of
his sport.
Their journeys to leadership are of persistence,
resilience and dogged determination. The
impact that they have created will last for
years (Ben Hogan fundamentally changed
how people approach the game. The
leadership mindset and changes to cricket
that MS has brought will continue for years).

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GREAT LEARNING
JOURNEY
JOY CHANDRA
PGP-DSBA PROGRAM ALUMNUS
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Everyone has a unique tale to tell. Mine is very
distinct. I wanted to master Data Science and
contribute to the huge field of implementing
Data Science, Machine Learning, and Artificial
Intelligence in cancer detection and therapy
because I had colorectal cancer. Cancer is
an aggressive illness that costs us money,
but it can be treated if caught early. I had to
learn how to use AI and Machine Learning
in business applications that could help our
societies combat cancer.
The PGP-DSBA Program at Great Learning
is a perfect synthesis of Data Science and
business.
I currently work for Ericsson as a telecom
professional. I am experienced in automating
cloud network deployment for 5G telecom.
I've always wanted to apply my virtualization
expertise to analytics, particularly in the field
of healthcare.
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APRIL 2023 EDITION
I went through the entire medical system last
year (2021–2022). Soon, I discovered that
millions of lives could have been saved if AI
was used to improve the decision-making
process for diagnosis and treatment. That's
when I learned about Great Learning from a
friend.
The program structure is excellent. It teaches
topics that you will need when you enter the
market. The mentor learning sessions were full
of high-quality presentations.
I was only able to take a deep dive into the
area of Data Analytics because of Great
Learning. I salute the high standard of
delivery of the Mentors I have worked with.
The Program Managers were always willing
to assist. They always worked with me, even
when I had health problems or office work
pressure.
The PGP-DSBA Program from the Great
Learning has sparked a research analyst in me
who views the world from a different angle
and enjoys applying his knowledge when the
need arises. I continue to seek chances to
obtain a Ph.D. in analytics.
I believe, while having a fundamental
understanding of logic in coding is necessary,
the ability to comprehend domain-specific
data is ultimately what will determine if
someone can master analytics.

GREAT LEARNING
JOURNEY
SUNAAL DUA
PGP-AIML Online Course Alumnus
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I have completed three years in IT and have
recently transitioned into Analytics. I am
currently working as a Data Engineer and
Analyst with a progressive organisation
shouldering Data Transformation and
Automation pipelines. Before PGP-AIML
Online Course, I was working as a Backend
Web Engineer for approximately 2.5 years. My
technology stack before pursuing the program
was:
PHP-Laravel, Python-Django, MySQL,
JavaScript and Ajax.
I knew for a fact that prior experience in data
modeling and management is a must in the
Machine Learning (ML) or Data Science space,
which I was missing at the time. I never got
the chance to deal with big data as a backend
web engineer. So learning SQL and managing
big data was mandatory before/during the
program. At the same time, concepts of
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APRIL 2023 EDITION
statistics and probability were important.
These are some concepts that we learn in
school, so suffice to say that I was out of
touch.
Also, pursuing an intensive program like this
with a full-time job was a big challenge, but
with the help of my Program Manager, peers
and mentors, it all worked out just fine.
ML and Data Science are one of the hottest
topics in the world right now, hence they have
better opportunities. Also, I grew old from
my previous profile, felt stagnant, and after
a point was doing it just because it paid the
bills, not because I liked it. I knew I had to
keep up with the pace of the world. That’s why
I was desperately looking for a transition into
this field.
The program operates on its own since it
is so nicely designed. After I finished my
foundational coursework, I was able to
quickly grasp complex ideas in ML and Data
Science because I had a solid foundation in
mathematics and algorithms.
My mentor was also amazing. He went out
of his way to help me and solved my queries
outside the curriculum as well. He also helped
me whenever I got stuck with my project.
Even after the program, we are still connected,
and I still ask him whenever I get stuck
somewhere. Great Learning is a great blend of
mentorship, theory, and practice. There were
times when I required extra studying materials
and my program manager actively helped in
providing them.
Finally, I was able to make the desired
transition with the help of the career
assistance provided.
For people who are starting this journey,
I would suggest that they learn things with a
mathematical perspective, not just intuition.

DISCOVER
ChatGPT for Data Scientists
What if you could instantly understand
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vast amounts of data with just a few simple
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prompts? What if you could extract insights
and generate predictions with uncanny
accuracy? Enter ChatGPT – a language model
created by OpenAI that has the potential
to revolutionise the way we approach Data
Science. By training on massive amounts of
data, ChatGPT can generate natural language
responses to prompts, making it an incredibly
versatile tool for various Data Science tasks.
KNOW MORE
How AI Transformed the
Sports Industry
The use of technology in the sports industry
has risen significantly. From ticketing systems
to player statistics, Artificial intelligence
(AI) has significantly increased the rate of
audience engagement and game strategies.
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APRIL 2023 EDITION
AI has been a game-changer across diverse
industries and the sports industry benefited
from the same. With applications across
in-game activity, post-match analysis, and
even fan experience, AI has made the game
more engaging and enjoyable.
The future of sports undoubtedly lies with AI
technology. It does not alter any outcomes but
assists in making effective decisions. All these
examples and technological aspects are just
the beginning, and there is more that is yet to
be offered by AI which now heavily banks on
the rise of Machine Learning.
Technology is indeed an exciting domain.
As the day progresses, new technologies
come into the foray and if you want to stay
ahead in this interesting domain, you must
keep upskilling with the latest trends. So,
if upskilling is on your mind, check out the
various upskilling programs available at
Great Learning.
KNOW MORE

THAT’S A GOOD
QUESTION!
In this edition, our question will be
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Difference Between Stemming
and Lemmatization in Text
Analytics?
Gaurav Das, a Great Learning mentor says
Lemmatization and stemming are significant
text normalization techniques used in NLP.
Lemmatization is the act of reducing words
to their base or dictionary form, whereas
stemming is the process of returning
inflected or derived words to their root form.
Languages differ in their degree of inflection,
and some contain more inflectional forms than
others. For instance, compared to English, the
German language has a significant degree of
inflection and necessitates more sophisticated
stemming and lemmatization procedures.
Porter Stemmer and WordNet Lemmatizer
are two functions from the nltk.stem library
in Python that can be used repeatedly for
stemming and lemmatization.
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APRIL 2023 EDITION
Stemming
Stemming is the practice of eliminating the
final few letters of a word to produce a shorter
variant, even if that form is meaningless.
Words like "historical" will become "histori"
when stemmed. Even if these forms are
illogical from a linguistic standpoint, we
can nevertheless utilise them for sentiment
analysis, spam detection, restaurant
evaluations, and other applications. It is crucial
to determine if the root word in such problem
statements is positive or negative. This base
word can be derived via stemming.
Lemmatization
Lemmatization serves the same objective but
avoids the stemming issue. For some words
such as "histori," stemming may not produce
a meaningful representation. However,
lemmatization will carefully extract the right
root word in this instance, which is "history".
As a result, it will take longer than stemming
because it discovers the right form of the
root word. Stemming only shortens the input
word to produce a base word, which reduces
processing time.
 APRIL 2023 EDITION

Thenkavi Elumalai a Great Learning mentor

While lemmatization is used in more
sophisticated and specialised fields like
chatbots and human answering, stemming is
used in sentiment analysis.
Stemming and lemmatization each have
advantages and drawbacks.
says
Natural language processing (NLP)
procedures like stemming and lemmatization
are used to normalise text and get words
and documents ready for Machine Learning
processing.

The benefit of stemming is that it can greatly For instance, in NLP, it is important to
minimise the quantity of unique words that understand that the verb tenses "wish" and
an algorithm needs to process, which can "wished" refer to the same word. The next
enhance the efficiency of the algorithm. step is to stem or lemmatize both words in
Consequently, it becomes simpler to evaluate, order to get them down to a single root. In
contrast, and comprehend texts. This is useful this approach, the two words are treated
for less complex jobs where the objective is identically; otherwise, the model would treat
to ascertain the sentiment of a document, "wish" and "wished" differently than it does
such as sentiment analysis or document
classification. However, the issue of
over-stemming still exists, where two different
words (for instance universe and university)
can produce the same output (univers).
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Under-stemming is the term for situations in
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which the stemming of two different word
forms yields totally different stem outputs.

The obvious benefit of lemmatization is the

extraction of actual dictionary words from
the input word. However, this procedure may
take some time. It results from morphological
analysis and determining a word's meaning
using a dictionary.

It is safe to say that lemmatization and

stemming are both crucial NLP techniques but
which one to use depends on the task at hand
and the language being processed.

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"wish" and "car".
Stemming
In order to establish a so-called root word,
stemming is the act of eliminating suffixes
from words. The words are reduced to their
base form by a rudimentary set of criteria.
For instance, the term "run" can be used as
a synonym for all three words: "run", "runs",
and "running". By doing this, an NLP model
can discover that the three words share some
characteristics and are used in comparable
contexts. The past, present, and future tenses
of the nouns are broken down into their root
forms. Stemming hence avoids the emergence
of several columns and reduces it to a single
column.
In many applications such as clustering or
text categorization, stemming enables us
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to standardise words to their base stem
regardless of their inflections. Regardless of
word form, search engines heavily rely on
these strategies to deliver better results.
One of the most well-known stemming
techniques is Porter's Stemmer Algorithm,
which was first suggested in 1980. It is
predicated on the notion that the suffixes in
English are composites of smaller and simpler
suffixes. It is renowned for its quick and easy
processes, but it also has certain drawbacks
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APRIL 2023 EDITION
such as the stemming process not working for
words that are not in the English language.
Lemmatization
Lemmatization, as opposed to stemming,
applies a morphological analysis to words by
taking into account a language's entire lexicon
in addition to word reduction. Lemma for
"was" is "be," while the lemma for "mice" is
"mouse."
Most people believe lemmatization to be
far more informative than simple stemming.
Lemmatization does not classify sentences;
instead, it analyses the context of a word to
determine its part of speech.
Stemming does have disadvantages.
Stemming might always yield “saw” when
given the token “saw”, whereas lemmatization
might always return either “see” or “saw”
depending on whether the token was used as
a verb or a noun.
For instance, the phrase "I am meeting a
person" is a verb where the lemmatization
process changes it to the root form of "meet."
I have a meeting tomorrow. Since meeting
is a noun in this sentence, the lemmatization
process keeps the word meeting in its original
form.
• Stemming is a quicker procedure than
lemmatization since it removes the word
without regard to context, whereas
lemmatization depends on context.
• Lemmatization is a canonical dictionary-
based approach, whereas stemming is a
rule-based one.
• Lemmatization is favored for context
analysis however stemming is advised
when the context is not significant since it
is more accurate than stemming.
 APRIL 2023 EDITION

WHAT’S What is General AI?

NEW
Strong AI, commonly referred to as Artificial
General Intelligence (AGI), is still a futuristic
idea because it includes a computer that can
What are the different types of AI? understand and carry out a wide range of
archushukla123@gmail.com tasks based on its acquired knowledge. As AGI
Three commonly recognised subcategories of
BK8EHPNQZI computers would be able to reason and think
AI—narrow AI, general AI, and super AI—can like a human, this sort of intelligence is closer
be distinguished.
to that of the average person.

What is Narrow AI?

Voice assistants like Siri, Alexa, and Google

Assistant depend on Artificial Narrow
Intelligence (ANI). This category contains
intelligent systems that work without being
specifically programmed to do so, and have
been created or trained to complete particular
jobs or address certain issues.

Since ANI lacks general intelligence, it is

sometimes referred to as weak AI, but some
examples of the power of narrow AI include
the aforementioned voice assistants, image-
recognition systems, tools that identify
inappropriate content online and technologies
that respond to straightforward customer
service inquiries.

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 APRIL 2023 EDITION

ChatGPT, Deep Learning, Visuals: AI you employ complies not only with legal
Top Do’s and Don’ts of AI in 2023 requirements for copyright compliance but
also with your organisation's own policies and
AI is still being used widely in our daily lives, standards.
whether it is for entertainment, shopping,
healthcare, or other purposes. Despite the
fact that AI can be quite helpful, there are
occasions when it is preferable to avoid using
it. It has also solidified its position in marketing
and publishing.

Dos
#1: Do use AI in video
One of the most reliable applications of AI in
content development is video. Because they
are merely adding pictures to something the
author has already written.

#2: Do use AI for simple automation

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Anything that gives people more time to be
creative is one of the best uses for AI. Many
laborious or complicated processes in the field
of content creation could be made easier by
machines.

Don’ts
#1: Don’t use AI to write original content
The majority of AI-produced long-form
material lacks the coherence and flow that
only humans can offer.

#2: Don’t forget to double-check AI’s work

Just because AI is a machine doesn't mean it
can't make mistakes. Check the results that
AI produces in the same way that you would
before publishing your own writing.

When we hand that process over to a

machine, it can be difficult to remember
precisely how many components humans
are continually weighing. Make sure that any

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INDUSTRY
TRENDS
Rakesh Lakkala, a Data Science
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industry expert, has shared
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some insights on ChatGPT
The majority of you have probably heard of
"ChatGPT," but what is GPT? Generative Pre-
Trained Transformer is referred to as GPT.
GPT-3, the third-generation GPT, is used by
ChatGPT. GPT-3 is a neural network model
that was trained utilising data from the
internet. OpenAI, a research company
co-founded by Elon Musk, developed GPT-3.
GPT-3 produces text utilising pre-trained
algorithms that have already received all of
the information needed to complete their
work. Around 570 GB of textual data from
internet searches and other texts chosen by
OpenAI, such as Wikipedia were fed into the
system.
Without supervision, the GPT-3 model can
produce texts with up to 50,000 characters.
There are two phases in the GPT-3 neural
network.
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APRIL 2023 EDITION
1. Developing the vocabulary, the many
categories and the production guidelines
by giving books to GPT-3. The production
rule is produced once the model
determines the category that each word
belongs to.
2. Generating sentences to feed the model,
resulting in the creation of a vocabulary
and production rules for each category.
The model should identify the category of
each word in each sentence, and then a
rule should be developed.
Anything that has a language structure can be
made using GPT-3. It can take notes, translate
languages, write essays, summarise lengthy
materials, provide answers to queries, develop
computer codes and even discover problems
in existing codes. In an online demonstration,
it is shown how to use a plugin for the
software program Figma which is frequently
used for app
creation. The aim was to create an app that
resembles the Instagram application in terms
of appearance and functionality.
 APRIL 2023 EDITION

The use of GPT-3 comes with a variety of

difficulties. Computing power, price, system
integration, scalability, and customisation
are a few of these. GPT-3 is a pre-trained,
non-constant learning model. GPT-3 only
accepts small input sizes. We are unable to
supply a lot of text for the result. GPT-3 has
a token cap of around 2,048. The model for
GPT-3 takes a while to produce results. Since
GPT-3 uses neural networks, it is unable to
explain or interpret why particular inputs
result in particular outputs.mean it can't make
mistakes. Check the results that AI produces
in the same way that you would before
publishing your own writing.

How ChatGPT Operates?

As we saw in the last section, the GPT-3
Model can be used to carry out a variety of
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activities once it has been tracked. Finally,
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supervised fine-tuning was employed to train
using reinforcement learning based on human
feedback. Additionally, coaches received
written advice to assist them in writing their
submissions. In order to create a dialogue
format, they combined the InstructGPT
dataset with this new dataset. The flow
diagram is shown below.

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DATA SCIENCE
AT WORK
SHRIYAM
PGP-DSBA PROGRAM ALUMNUS
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Since Shriyam has spent his entire career
working in the data domain, selecting this
program was more of an upskill decision and
an attempt to transition from his current Data
Engineering role into the Data Science role.
Hence he chose to enrol in the PGP-DSBA
Program offered by Great Learning. Shriyam
is currently employed as a Data Engineer II
and works with his stakeholders to ensure
proper data is available for their reporting
requirements. This work includes setting up
a data pipeline, maintaining data quality, and
ensuring timely availability of data.
He has encountered a few use cases while
working as a Data Engineer where he might
employ Data Science principles. Python and
clustering, however, have been crucial in
assisting him in designing effective pipelines
to guarantee the timely availability of data
and also improve data quality. Adding data
slices to one of the datasets and arranging
the rules according to some kind of business
rules were two examples. He then had to
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APRIL 2023 EDITION
apply categorization for this unique use
case in order to assign each rule to a certain
slice. In the production environment, there
was a problem with the dataset's hydration.
Therefore, users were unable to access the
data from this dataset for reporting purposes.
Although initially not important, the reports
were required for the quarter-end reporting.
He used Python as his tool and
multi-label KNN classification as his method
of classification. Using the binary classification
technique was insufficient for him because
he had five slices that he wanted to tag
with the rules. He therefore decided to use
many labels for categorization. In addition,
he desired that the rules in a given slice be
functionally organised according to their
usage, effectiveness, and scope. He came
up with KNN categorization by taking these
distinct use cases into consideration.
Here, the procedure was as follows:
He had to generate a dataset with all the
various rules' metadata, establish dummy
variables for all string-valued characteristics,
and then apply the algorithm to this dataset.
Performance was assessed after each
classification output.
The key difficulty was choosing the variables
properly such that the KNN algorithm would
yield a classification that was based on
business logic rather than just chance.
The KNN algorithm's new slices, however,
were quite effective and decreased the total
processing time from 70 minutes to just under
25 minutes. This enhanced the dataset's
performance by 64% and increased its
scalability.
He had the opportunity to try and solve a
practical problem using the knowledge he had
learned in the program modules through this
exercise.

AI AT
WORK
KIRAN KUMAR MURALIDHARAN
PGP-AIML ONLINE COURSE
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It is common practice to regularly run 1000s
of tests in a regression suite in System On
Chip (SOC) Verification. This is done to
check the design's stability over numerous
regression runs using different random seeds.
The failure logs of such regression results are
frequently difficult to analyse when the design
is in an early stage. There may be numerous
failed tests, and there may be numerous
test-specific failure locations. The failures
would actually only be the result of a small
number of widespread design mistakes. In
order to make the job of his team to analyse
the problem easier, Kiran set out to discover
a technique to apply some machine learning
algorithm to analyse all failures across all test
cases and produce a distinct error report.
The language of the error messages in the
test logs was typically comparable (but
not identical). However, there were certain
contextual variations. For instance, each
communication had a unique address or
set of data. In order to identify statements
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APRIL 2023 EDITION
that are similar across all failing test logs,
he decided to use cosine similarity. He was
then able to determine the particular failures
along the regression. In addition, he utilised
K-Means Clustering to put all test cases with
comparable faults into one group so that
designers could only troubleshoot one test
log among a group of test cases that had the
same failure.
For Cosine Similarity:
1. He collected all the error logs and formed a
dictionary of unique words
2. Then for each error log in each test case,
formed the word frequency vector
3. Once frequency vectors are formed,
run a cosine similarity across all pairs of
messages and form a Cosine similarity
Score Matrix
4. On the above Cosine similarity score
Matrix, did another Cosine Similarity to
eliminate all the messages which correlate
with another message to the same degree
5. Finally had a handful of messages with
Cosine similarity less than say 99%
This handful of messages were the unique
Error signatures to be debugged
As a next step, for each test case, he created
a ‘Test Case-Unique Error’ Message Matrix.
For each Test Case, it will say which error
message is present in it. He applied K-means
Clustering on this to get a picture of which
test cases have similar error signatures. Finally,
recommend only the handful of test cases that
cover all unique errors in that regression run.
With the above solution, he could reduce the
problem space from 1000s of test cases * 10s
of errors to a handful of test cases * handful of
errors and also reduce man-hours to 2-3 hours
from 2-3 days.

MENTOR
SPEAKS
In this edition, we will hear about our
mentor Jyant Mahara’s journey of
becoming a Data Science industry expert.
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Q1. Describe your current role.
I am currently leading a team at Zscaler to
develop two models: an attrition model and
a chatbot using AWS LEX. I have a strong
track record in addressing various challenges,
including Regression model for promotion
optimisation, Seaborn and Matplotlib for
exhaustive EDA, CNN, RESNET50 for image
attribute tagging, NLP for data extraction,
Movie recommendation engine using Lightfm
Neural network model, Price Optimization
Model, and Credit Scoring Model using bank
and retail data.
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APRIL 2023 EDITION
Q2. How did you decide you want to be a
Data Scientist?
I was drawn to the area of Data Science
because of its ability to generate insights
and value from vast volumes of data. This is
how my personal preferences or decisions to
become a data scientist may be described.
To analyse data using a range of tools and
methods, spot patterns and trends, and
create predictive models that can guide
corporate choices and spur innovation. I was
intrigued by the challenge of using data to
solve complicated problems as well as the
possibility of finding well-paying employment
in this quickly expanding industry.
Strong backgrounds in statistics,
programming, and machine learning methods,
as well as an enthusiasm for using data to
draw conclusions and address practical issues,
are characteristics I truly value as I start along
the path to becoming a data scientist.
Q3. What preparations did you do to
achieve your goal?
I took the following actions to develop my
data science skills:
1. Education: I obtained my PGP-AIML
Online Course certification from Great
Learning
2. Technical talents: In addition to soft
talents, I was proficient in Python, R,
and SQL programming languages.
understanding of visualization using
programs like Tableau, Power Bi, and
Superset.
3. Analytical Skills: The ability to analyze
vast volumes of data and derive insightful
conclusions from it. I also focused on my
problem-solving abilities and enhanced my
capacity for clear communication of my
results.
 APRIL 2023 EDITION

4. Industry Knowledge: Data scientists need 2. Acquire programming skills: Python, R, and
to understand the business issues they are SQL are a few of the computer languages
attempting to solve as well as the industry that data scientists frequently employ.
in which they work. Learn at least one language well.

5. Continuous Learning: Because the area of 3. Practice on real-world issues: To get

data science is always changing, it's critical experience, try tackling issues like
for data scientists to stay current on the anticipating customer churn or examining
newest tools and methods. sentiment on social media. You can
develop your abilities by taking part in
6. In conclusion, acquiring the necessary online contests or contributing to
education, technical abilities, analytical open-source initiatives.
skills, business understanding, and ongoing
learning is necessary to become a data 4. Maintain your curiosity: Because the
scientist. subject of data science is continuously
changing, it's critical to maintain your
Q4. How did you get your first job and curiosity and keep studying. To keep
describe your journey (difficulties that you current on the newest trends
faced and how did you overcome)?
I struggled a lot to find my first work in the
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data science industry because I was new to
it and was mostly seeking a fresher's role. I
made the decision to focus on industry-related
initiatives that could help me better grasp
real-world issues because company rejections
were depressing me. I had the opportunity to
work on several projects at GL that gave me
insight into the workings of the
machine-learning industry. Additionally,
practicing different Kaggle puzzles was
helpful. After all of that, I was given the option
to work for a firm that produces AI-based
products, giving me the chance to hone my
talents even further.

Q5. Advice to DSBA learners?

A few pointers for people just getting started
with AIML/DSBA:

1. Solid Foundation: You may create a

solid foundation by developing a solid
foundation in math and statistics.

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 APRIL 2023 EDITION

CROSSWORD PUZZLE

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ACROSS DOWN

6. The primary algorithm for performing 1. State-action value function.

gradient descent on neural networks.
7. A class of algorithms for pattern analysis,
whose best-known member is the suppor
vector machine (SVM).
8. A computer program that plays the board
game Go.
10. A popular Python machine learning API.
2. The more common label in a class-
imbalanced dataset.
3. An ensemble approach to finding the
decision tree that best fits the training data.
4. Gauges whether a computer-based
synthesized voice can tell a joke with
sufficient skill to cause people to laugh-

5. Abbreviation for generative adversarial

network.

9. _____­­is the process of transforming any

given key or a string of characters into
another value.

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 APRIL 2023 EDITION

LEARNING BIRD CHIRPS

Procrastination makes easy things
hard and hard things harder.

THE EDITORIAL TEAM

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Mugdha Deepala Anamika Singhal

CREATIVE TEAM

Amit Gaonkar
(Design)

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