SUSTAINABILITY REPORT

2022
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

3 CEO letter 21 Governance

4 GreenLight Biosciences at a glance 23 Board Committees
5 GreenLight Biosciences at work 24 Board diversity
6 2022 ESG highlights 24 Policies and charters
7 Our sustainability roadmap 24 Expanding globally
9 GreenLight as a Public Benefit Corporation 24 Respect for human rights
10 Public Benefit Corporation Key 25 Environmental impact
Performance Indicators
26 Setting a base year
12 Business Area: Plant and Animal Health
26 Water as a resource
13 RNA as a driver for sustainability
26 Impact as a result of commercialization
13 Our product candidates
27 Caring for people
14 A change of paradigm in crop protection
28 The foundation for a stimulating and
15 2022 Plant Health highlights sound workplace
15 Working to help beekeepers 29 Promoting diversity and inclusion
protect honeybees
30 Attracting, developing, and retaining
16 Business Area: Human Health the best talent
17 mRNA advantages for Human Health 31 Occupational health and safety
17 2022 Human Health highlights 31 Community engagement
18 Collaboration for access to affordable 32 Looking ahead
Covid-19 vaccines
33 Sustainability Accounting Standards
19 Quality and patient safety during Board (SASB) Index
clinical trials
37 Disclaimer on forward-looking messages
20 Animal welfare
38 About this report
20 Supply chain governance

2
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
CEO letter
The world began to reemerge from
the throes of the Covid-19 pandemic
in 2022. At GreenLight, we continued
to strive for progress against our key
goals to develop effective solutions for
food security and global health through
our RNA platform. The struggle to
combat the rising toll of poverty, hunger,
and disease in underserved markets
with accessible solutions has never
been more urgent.
This is where GreenLight has a role to
play and a mission to fulfill. We have built
a platform that can discover, develop,
and manufacture multiple forms of RNA
solutions at scale.
The pandemic brought into sharp focus
the potential of messenger RNA, and
we are applying our mRNA technology
and scalable production capabilities to
rapidly develop cost-effective vaccine
and therapeutic candidates for diseases
prevalent in low- and middle-income
countries (LMICs).
At the same time, the war in Ukraine,
extreme weather conditions around
the globe, and export bans have
underscored the fragility of food supply
chains, compounding existing threats to
global food security. We are advancing
our double-stranded RNA solutions
3 1
World Wildlife Fund UK, 2021. Driven to Waste.; 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2018.
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
for agricultural applications, including
crop protection. These are designed to
control pests and address resistance and
residues of chemical alternatives, which
affect the food supply and, by extension,
global warming—more than 1 billion tons
of food are lost on farms annually1, which
contribute greatly to climate change.
Our diversified RNA-based pipeline
includes, for human health, a Covid-19
pan-sarbecovirus vaccine candidate,
a shingles vaccine candidate and, as
the new year begins, a personalized
oncology platform; for plant health,
our programs include a number of
insecticides and fungicides as well as a
solution to target the Varroa destructor
mite, a parasite that affects honeybees,
and is one of the main causes of colony
collapse disorder. Honeybees are
responsible for pollinating roughly 30-
40% of the foods we consume2 and are
therefore a critical component of our
food security system.
GreenLight is in its pre-commercial
stage and operating in a highly regulated
market. With our roots firmly planted in
the soil of science-based solutions, we
are aiming high: to safeguard human and
planetary health.
The journey to define and explain how
sustainability permeates our work
and core objectives has just begun.
In 2022, we took important steps to
more explicitly link sustainability to our
business model, ranging from reviewing
our steering documents to reporting
05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
in accordance with international
sustainability standards and calculating
how we affect biodiversity. Assessing our
processes and activities will give us our
first baseline and serve as the foundation
of a sustainability strategy that we will
continue to develop.
In the coming years, we will refine
and continuously improve how we
measure the impact of our products
and programs across multiple
jurisdictions. The ESG requirements on
corporations are increasing—ranging
from high-quality data on greenhouse
gas emissions to detailed life-cycle
assessments, and from impacts on
biodiversity to disclosures on how we
work to uphold human rights in our value
chain—and we are determined to meet
these requirements in a meaningful way.
As we begin 2023, humanity continues
to face mounting challenges. We must
embrace effective solutions that can countries to support efforts to advance
be deployed widely while we focus on vaccine self-sufficiency.
the development of our strategy and
implementation of our goals. As a public-benefit corporation, we are
structured and governed to focus not
At GreenLight, we believe RNA can only on our shareholders but also on our
play a crucial role in both protecting community, employees, partners, and
human health and our food supply, and society. This report documents our first
we are committed more than ever to steps toward realizing a healthier, more
advancing innovation for a sustainable resilient future.
future. We are optimistic about our
efforts to improve food security, increase
the resiliency of food systems, and
respect the environment with our novel
crop solutions. We are committed to Andrey J. Zarur
partnering with low- to middle-income Co-founder, President and CEO
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

GreenLight Biosciences at a glance

GreenLight, a public-benefit corporation,

was founded to solve some of the most Our company
fundamental sustainability challenges
the world faces today. Leveraging our 267
RNA production process, we produce full-time employees
high-quality RNA of various kinds at large
scale for applications we are developing in 5
agriculture and human health. sites

In human health, this includes developing

accessible messenger RNA vaccines and Platform
therapeutics for low- and middle-income and
high-income countries. In agriculture, this
includes developing RNA-based solutions to
500 kg* of RNA
capacity per year at
protect honeybees and a range of crops. Rochester, NY, manufacturing
plant for agricultural uses
Global partnerships support our goal of
making RNA accessible to the world. By
working together from the beginning of the
Agriculture
research and development process, we

7
aim to serve the medical needs of low- and
middle-income countries to ensure that local agriculture products
needs are addressed. that could reach the market
in the next three years,
GreenLight operates facilities in several starting in 2023**
locations: Lexington (headquarters) and
Medford, Massachusetts; Rochester, New
York; Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Human Health
and Seville, Spain.
3
drug development candidates
in the portfolio

4 *500 kg is sufficient to treat more than 50,000 hectares of potato fields at our current field trial dosage of 9.9 g/hectare of CalanthaTM
**Commerical launch timing subject to and dependent on regulatory approval
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

GreenLight Biosciences at work

ROCHESTER, NY
ME
• Pilot plant for our agriculture products. VT
• Will also support initial France
NH Massachusetts
commercialization of earliest
products once approved New York
CT
PT Spain
Pennsylvania SEVILLE, SPAIN
• Field research station
WV
to accelerate transition
Virginia of research and
discovery compounds
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, North Carolina for Plant Health
NC*
SC
• Plant Health discovery, research,
field development, regulatory, GA
product development MEDFORD, MA
• RNA production technology R&D
• R&D sample production
• Analytical sciences,
analytical development

LEXINGTON, MA**
• Corporate headquarters
• State-of-the-art RNA facility; early-phase
GMP clean room
• Human Health discovery, research,
clinical development, CMC

5 *LEED certified location

**Woburn facilities were vacated in November and consolidated in the new Lexington HQ
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

2022 ESG highlights

We serve We have We live in the
great ambition real world

Up to 3
mRNA product candidates 7 months for technology transfer and 9 agriculture programs with novel
to be developed, manufactured, and scale-up from lab bench to commercial facility solutions under development seek to curb
commercialized for low- and middle-income waste while respecting the environment

1
countries (LMICs) in a licensing agreement with
Serum Institute of India new field research station Did you know that 1.2B tons
of food lost on farms annually

>$9B in yield loss caused by fall armyworm

contributes to 2.2 Gtons of

across the African continent1, for which we are 294 field and greenhouse trials greenhouse gas emissions?2

developing a solution took place

151kg double-stranded RNA produced in

We collaborate inclusively
We take a stand our Rochester manufacturing facility

42% of our STEM workforce is female

Public-benefit corporation 18 months to produce clinical material

compared to the 27% industry benchmark
in the US3
Listed as a PBC, we are structured and after decision to evolve from R&D organization

46%
governed to focus on our community, in Human Health to GMP-capable
employees, partners, and society racial and ethnic minority
generally, as well as shareholders employees in our workforce

We serve We commit to science

$28K+ raised by employees this year $133.2M investment in R&D in

Sustainability Committee
established to enhance board oversight
of ESG initiatives for local and global relief human health and plant health

6 1
CABI, 2021; 2 World Wildlife Fund UK, 2021. Driven to Waste; 3 United States Census Bureau, 2021;
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

Our sustainability roadmap

In 2022, we embarked on our We have defined and begun tracking and disclosing sustainability data in This is our first sustainability report,
sustainability journey and took key performance indicators that relate accordance with international standards, and we will continue to develop and
our first steps to formalize our to the fulfillment of our public-benefit which will enable us to receive our execute our strategy in 2023.
sustainability work. charter. We are collecting, reporting, first ESG ratings.

7
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
Our sustainability roadmap
We have identified the following building blocks:
Protect our food supply
while respecting
the environment
Our crop-protection tools, which
are in development, aim to reduce
food loss, which, in turn, could help
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
We will continue to streamline
and improve our production and
manufacturing processes and their
impact on emissions and other
natural resources.
Build and support talent
Our culture represents a team united
by a common purpose of creating a
more sustainable future by bringing
food security, medicine, and healthcare
to everyone. From the beginning,
our founders believed that our way
forward would be based on equality,
diversity, and inclusion. These founding
principles guide us every day as
we seek to identify, attract, retain,
incentivize, and develop a highly
talented workforce.
8 1
Convention on Biological Diversity, 2022.
05 / Environment 06 / People
Protect biodiversity
Our product candidates for agriculture
aim to reduce negative impacts on
biodiversity. As such, our strategy is in
line with the international community’s
commitment to “30×30”—an ambition
to conserve 30% of the world’s land and
oceans by 2030—and the landmark
deal that was negotiated at COP15 in
Montreal on December 2022, which
includes a host of other measures such
as significantly reducing the risk posed
by pesticides as well as cutting global
food waste in half1.
Excellence in safety and
research
The foundation of our success will
be connected to the safety of our
products, resulting from our efficient
innovation and platform as well as
our ability to attract top scientists to
deliver outstanding research. This
remains a strategic priority while
we keep expanding our workforce,
planning for clinical trials, and
developing products to bring to
the global market.
07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
Enhance global vaccine
accessibility and
affordability
We continue to build out our
partnerships, presence and clinical
trials in low- and middle-income
countries, which, together with
the anticipated affordability of our
products, will increase accessibility in
underserved markets.
Good governance
A diverse leadership team and a
board committee oversee our ESG
efforts to ensure that our policies,
structures, and strategy will further
develop in 2023 as we engage
with our internal and external
stakeholders. Our sustainability
strategy will be executed across our
business lines and their processes.
Our products, supply chain, and
partnerships will be aligned with our
overarching purpose of creating a
more sustainable future by bringing
food security and affordable
medicine to everyone.
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
GreenLight as a Public Benefit Corporation
GreenLight is a new form of corporate
entity called a Public Benefit
Corporation or “PBC” that allows for an
explicit and transparent governance
umbrella to support our drive for long-
term value creation while achieving
our mission. This structure allows us to
create highly profitable breakthrough
products, while also having the
flexibility to serve all our stakeholders
and the health of the planet.
For example, when we make an
agricultural product, we believe it is
wrong to harmfully pollute the air, water
or biosystem with that product, therefore
we invest in innovation to deliver on the
appropriate product profile that protects
the crops while respecting the planet.
That makes our work more difficult, but
results in a much better product for
farmers, consumers and the planet. We
believe this approach is critical for the
creation of a successful and profitable
business in the long run.
The PBC structure gives us the
flexibility at the end of the day to
simply do the right thing. The specific
public benefit obligations adopted
by our board and formalized in our
corporate charter are to improve the
public health and wellbeing of people
and the environment by engineering,
9
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
developing, and commercializing
biological products that can reduce
chemicals in our environment and
promote health through delivery of high-
quality, affordable solutions that improve
outcomes for people and the planet.
Our commitment to the
Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs)
We have conducted a mapping against
the 2030 Agenda and the United
Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), focusing on SDGs where we
could have tangible contributions due
to the nature of operations, and have
aligned our public benefit corporation
key performance indicators accordingly.
As we commit ourselves to the UN’s
Decade of Action, we acknowledge
the potential and importance of private
sector contributions to the fulfillment of
the 2030 Agenda. In order to contribute
to this in a credible manner, claims
must be backed by adequate and
accurate data, and we will thoroughly
measure and assess available data,
including life cycle assessments and
the data collected for our reporting
process. Only then can we demonstrate
how we can contribute and make a
difference as a company.
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

Public Benefit Corporation Key Performance Indicators

Mapped against the UN Sustainable Development goals

Category KPI description KPI 2022 SDGs*

CUSTOMERS # programs targeting low- and middle-income (LMIC) markets for

2
development & commercial availability of our vaccines
Better public
health and well-being

• New and better vaccines # vaccine assets in pre-clinical, clinical, and approved 2
• Accessible globally
• Affordable

# target population for vaccine and therapies in pipeline >1B

Food security and

replacement of chemicals # agriculture products in the pipeline 9

• Providing
farmers with new tools
• Improved pest control # pests targeted 14
• Addressing resistance issues

# products in regulatory field trials or beyond 2

# programs in pipeline solving regulatory constraints for crop

6
protection

# products in pipeline solving resistance issues 8

10 *Sustainable Development Goals identified by GreenLight as relevant to our business

01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

Category KPI description KPI 2022 SDGs*

ENVIRONMENT
% agriculture products designed with selective targeting 100%
Environmentally friendly in
everything we do

• Protect biodiversity
# days persistence in soil of our agriculture products < 3 days**
• Targeted

% employees in research, science, technology, or engineering

OUR PEOPLE 42%
(STEM) positions who identify as female
Embracing diversity,
equity, and inclusion
% employees in our workforce who identify as female 46%
• Attracting the best talent
• Fostering career
development % racial and ethnic minority employees in our workforce*** 46%
• Providing competitive
benefits
Voluntary turnover rate 16.6%

COMMUNITY
# staff-led philanthropic initiatives, including many led by our 7
Generous with our 7
time and resources staff-led resource groups
locally and globally

# programs in LMICs supporting the development of the local

2
workforce

GOVERNANCE 29% female;

Accountable, % female in the board of directors & % racial and ethnic minority 57% racial and
transparent and inclusive ethnic minority

*Sustainable Development Goals identified by GreenLight as relevant to our business

**Ledprona, the active ingredient in CalanthaTM, degrades in the environment to 50% of initial concentration (DT50) in less than 3 days and is not detectable after 4 days. Existing competitor products persist in the environment
much longer. For example, one of the market leaders in Europe has a DT50 of 204 days and a DT90 of 1,766 days (4.8 years) whereby 10% of the applied dose remains (Pesticide Properties DataBase).
***Defined as Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander, or two or more races or ethnic groups

11
Business Area:

Plant and
Animal Health

New tools for farmers that

respect the environment

12
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

Plant and Animal Health

Growing the food to feed our RNA as a driver deeply committed to researching and
planet’s growing population for sustainability developing product solutions that have a
positive environmental impact.*
requires maintaining
We currently lose up to 40% of key
agricultural productivity crops due to plant pathogens and GreenLight’s growth strategy in plant
while reducing the need for pests1. With potential to address a wide health is to pursue market opportunities
traditional chemical pesticides. range of problems in the field, RNA can where RNA has the greatest potential Our product candidates
GreenLight’s goal is to help reduce this waste by controlling to provide growers with improved pest Our product candidate for the
address this problem. pathogens and crop pests while control. We believe that the sustainable Colorado potato beetle, which
minimizing damage to the environment nature of our products (such as benefits causes hundreds of millions in
and to our health. As a company, we are to honeybees and low residue) has the damages per year2, has gone
potential to deliver the most impact from discovery to Environmental
for society and aligns with trends from Protection Agency (EPA)
consumers and regulators. We are submission in four years. It is mixed
working to provide growers with highly with water and sprayed using
effective tools to use within their normal standard agricultural practice over
cultural practices that avoid disrupting crops at a rate of 9.9 grams per
non-target organisms. hectare—less than one-tenth the
rate at which many conventional
Our product pipeline is based on industrial chemicals are normally
double-stranded RNA, or dsRNA, which used on fields.
<$1/gram works by regulating the expression of a
carefully selected protein in the target We are also developing an RNA-
Projected cost of organism. This method can potentially based formulation and field testing
dsRNA active ingredient at it for the parasitic Varroa destructor
be used to control a wide range of
commercial scale
unwanted pests and problems. mite, which many beekeepers
consider to be the top threat to
These projects are distributed honeybees, with the assistance of
across various phases ranging from commercial beekeepers in Georgia,
the most advanced, which is in the California, Florida, Louisiana, North
pre-commercial phase awaiting Carolina, and Maine.
regulatory approval, to candidates in
By 2026, we aim to launch
early discovery.
7 products addressing key
agricultural challenges.

13 1
Savary et al., 2019. The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops. Nature Ecology & Evolution.; 2 Science Daily, 2020. How Colorado potato beetles beat pesticides.
*Total amount spent on environmental research and development costs relative to net revenue equal to 430% for 2022.
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

A change of paradigm in crop protection:

Increasing food productivity while respecting the environment

GreenLight is working on solutions
for farmers and beekeepers
designed to stop crop damage
resulting from specific pests and
that degrade quickly, respecting
biodiversity and ecosystems.
Conventional crop-protection products
are generally broad spectrum and can
affect not only the targeted pest but
other organisms in the environment.
Any off-target effects are exacerbated
by persistence—for example,
neonicotinoids can persist for years
in the environment1, which may lead
to a higher risk for negative impacts
on biodiversity and ecosystems as
organisms are exposed to the chemistry
for longer periods of time.
GreenLight’s RNA products are
unique because they are designed to
control only the intended pests and to
degrade quickly in the environment
with neither the RNA nor its constituent
nucleic acids accumulating in soil or
water. The solutions GreenLight is
developing could potentially represent
a fundamental change in how pest pending regulatory approval, is designed
control respects surrounding biodiversity to control only the Colorado potato
and ecosystems. beetle and degrades in the environment
within three days. It highlights the
GreenLight scientists now have the tools potential of precise technology
to design and develop pest-specific and represents exciting progress
products that protect crops by targeting in GreenLight’s journey of bringing
only the intended invasive pests. Our first effective, environmentally responsible
product, CalanthaTM, which is currently products to market.
Representing a paradigm
shift for the environment
when compared to other
tools available today,
the active ingredient
in CalanthaTM is not
detectable in soil 4 days
after application–in
sharp contrast to one of
Europe's market leaders,
which is still detectable
1,766 days (4.8 years)
after application.2

1
Wood TJ, Goulson D., 2017; 2 The active ingredient in CalanthaTM degrades in the environment to 50% of initial concentration (DT%) in less than 3 days and is not
14 detectable after 4 days. Existing competitor products persist in the environment much longer. One of the market leaders in Europe has a DT50 of 204 days and a DT90
of 1,766 days (4.8 years) whereby 10% of the applied dose remains (Pesticide Properties DataBase).
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

2022 Plant Health Working to help beekeepers

highlights
CalanthaTM is under review
by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency; subject to
regulatory approval, GreenLight
plans to launch this product
commercially in the following
growing season
Completed a Tier 2
toxicity study in 2022 for our
honeybee solution to submit
an application for regulatory
approval in 2023
Conducted confirmatory
field trials at our Seville, Spain,
facility and other locations
for the Botrytis, Diamondback
Moth, and Powdery
Mildew programs
Announced a partnership
with Queensland University of
Technology (QUT) in Australia
using an RNA-based solution
to tackle Fall armyworm, which
causes more than US$2 billion
in annual global crop loss1
protect honeybees
With the world's population set to hit 9
billion by 20502, we cannot and should
not increase arable land use at the
expense of forests or wetlands. Climate
change and ever-increasing insecticide
resistance are creating further
challenges to crop yields. Meanwhile,
consumers are wary of the residues
left on crops by current pesticides, and
pollinators are diminishing globally,
caused by threats such as climate
change, chemicals, and pests. One
such pest is the Varroa destructor mite,
which beekeepers worldwide say is the
number one threat to honeybees3 and
can decimate whole colonies rapidly.
In the US alone, honeybee colonies
contribute to the pollination of more
than 100 crops annually, worth an
estimated $18 billion4. GreenLight has
been working to develop a solution to
the Varroa mite problem. With a topical
RNA intellectual property portfolio,
which includes bee-health assets,
GreenLight is developing an RNA-based
syrup that targets reproductive mites, is
easy to use, and will add another tool in
the limited Varroa-control market.
Our field trials have demonstrated a
measurable improvement in hive health:
12 weeks after application, there was
a 20% improvement in open brood
health, a 20% improvement in closed
brood health, and a 17% improvement
in overall hive health, compared to
hive health measured 12 weeks after
application of the commercial standard
chemical product. As part of our hive
health assessments, we also assess
mite population and control before and
after application of our product, using
guidelines from the USDA’s Agricultural
Research Services for measuring mite
populations. Under this assessment, we
observed a decline in mite population
of 80% and 77%, 6 weeks and 12
weeks, respectively, after treatment in
our field tests.
We are completing additional studies
in order to submit a registration dossier
to the Environmental Protection Agency
(the “EPA”) and, subject to EPA approval,
we plan to launch the product in 2024.

15 1
CABI, 2021.; 2 United Nations World Population Prospects, 2022.; 3 Halvorson et al., 2021.; 4 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2022
Business Area:

Human Health

New vaccines and

therapies to improve
global health outcomes

16
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Human Health
More than half the world’s
population now lives in close
proximity in cities1, thereby
allowing for rapid outbreak
of infectious disease from
communicable pathogens,
while access to good health
care often remains inaccessible.
12g/L
High-yielding mRNA
synthesis reaction is key
to unlocking anticipated
low cost per dose to
support low- and middle-
income countries
17
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
GreenLight’s goal is to address these
issues by applying its mRNA platform
technology and scalable production
capabilities to rapidly develop cost-
effective vaccine and therapeutic
candidates for diseases prevalent in
underserved and emerging markets.
Beyond independent efforts, GreenLight
has numerous research collaborations in
place to support this work, including with
Serum Institute of India (SII), National
Institutes of Health (NIH), the Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation, and others.
05 / Environment
We are designing mRNA vaccine
candidates for Covid-19 to produce
more broadly accessible vaccines.
We are also designing antigens and
conducting preclinical research on a
potential shingles vaccine candidate
and currently anticipate nominating
a clinical-development candidate for
shingles in early 2023.
mRNA advantages for
Human Health
We have identified significant
advantages with our platform-
based mRNA solutions, ranging
from rapid lead identification
and iterations and a smaller
footprint to lower capital costs
and higher productivity per
volume as compared to other
platforms. We are also focusing
on developing cost-efficient
mRNA vaccine solutions
for illnesses that have been
overlooked or require vaccine
development efforts in LMICs.
One such example is shingles,
where we have partnered with
Serum Institute of India.
1
UN World Urbanization Prospects, 2018
06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
2022 Human Health
highlights
Completed preclinical testing
for GLB-COV2-043, our vaccine
product candidate for Covid-19
Completed two commercial-
scale engineering runs with
our Covid-19 vaccine. Our
mRNA synthesis reaction
demonstrated a titer of
12g/L at scale
Continued to work toward
initiating a Phase I/II clinical
trial to evaluate our Covid-19
vaccine candidate as a single-
vaccination booster
Collaborated with the U.S.
National Institute of Health to
test next-generation Covid-19
vaccine candidates that are
more broadly protective
against new variants
Designed an mRNA vaccine
candidate for shingles as part
of our partnership with Serum
Institute of India
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

Collaboration for access to affordable

Covid-19 vaccines
As SARS-COV-2 and Covid-19 become
endemic with ever-evolving variants,
vaccinations will remain vital in the
years to come. However, vaccination
rates in low- and middle-income
countries are less than half the rates in
high-income countries. Key reasons for
this discrepancy include affordability
and access. Most existing Covid-19
vaccines are five to 10 times more
expensive than an average vaccine
TOTAL COVID-19 VACCINE DOSES ADMINISTERED PER 100 PEOPLE,
BY INCOME GROUP
All doses, including boosters, are counted individually.
200
150
100
50
in Africa, and vaccination of 40% of
the population in sub-Saharan Africa
required an investment of nearly 100%
of the region’s Gross Domestic Product
(GDP). In contrast, vaccination of 40%
of the population in North America,
Europe, and Central Asia required less
than 5% of GDP1.
These costly vaccines, even at
discounted prices, were not available
High income
Lower middle income
Low income
to most in low-income countries until
many months after they were available
in high-income countries, and low- and
middle-income countries still lag behind
high-income countries in total Covid-19
vaccine doses administered.
GreenLight aims to correct these
inequities and is developing a Covid-19
vaccine candidate that will be modifiable
to address new variants. We are
preparing to initiate a Phase I/II clinical
trial in a low- to middle-income country,
with a vaccine candidate that has shown
strong preclinical performance by
displaying a clear dose response after
boost and inducing humoral responses
that exceed WHO standards and show
promise for protection.
GreenLight has partnered with
collaborators in Africa, including leading
clinical investigators, laboratories, and
clinical research sites, to help prepare
and enable us to evaluate this vaccine
candidate in Africa—a critical first step to
contribute to equitable global access to
highly effective Covid-19 vaccines.

Note: Country income

groups are based on the
0 World Bank classification.
Dec 2, 2020 Jun 4, 2021 Dec 21, 2021 Dec 23, 2022

Source: Official data collated by Our World in Data accurate as of 23 December 2022

18 1
Brookings Institution, Foresight Africa, 2022
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Quality and patient safety
during clinical trials
GreenLight has mechanisms in
place to protect all trial participants
consenting to the research,
including ensuring that each
participant executes a voluntary
informed consent to the research,
and providing such participant the
right to withdraw from the trial at
any time and the right to withdraw
consent for the collection and use
of their personal data.
GreenLight has medical and scientific
professionals with extensive safety and/
or clinical or healthcare experience
who are trained in pharmacovigilance
19
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
and global health authority regulations
relevant to investigational product safety.
We train employees and clinical sites on
the proper conduct of clinical studies
and employ both external and internal
oversight of studies. GreenLight has
established a Data Review Team that
regularly reviews treatment-blinded
safety data and an independent Data &
Safety Monitoring Board that regularly
reviews treatment-unblinded trial data,
including safety data; each body advises
on safety and benefit/risk decisions
for GreenLight investigational products
in clinical trials. The conduct of our
clinical trials adheres to the International
Council for Harmonization Good Clinical
Practice (ICH GCP) standards and to the
principles that have their origin in the
Declaration of Helsinki.
05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
We monitor our studies on an ongoing
basis to ensure compliance with
GreenLight and international standards
and to identify any unforeseen risks to
patient safety. This includes audits of
contract research organizations (CROs)
that conduct or manage studies on
behalf of GreenLight. If GreenLight
becomes aware of study misconduct,
we will report it to the appropriate
authorities. The GreenLight safety/
medical team also collaborates with
regulatory affairs staff to communicate
product information in a timely,
transparent and accurate manner to
applicable regulatory agencies.
Each country has its own regulatory
authority with its own regulations, or
laws, for conducting a clinical trial.
The regulatory authority reviews and
approves our protocol(s) and ensures
that the clinical trial follows national
regulations. A regulatory Institutional
Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee
(EC) is an independent committee
that includes medical, scientific, and
non-scientific members, who are
responsible for protecting the rights,
welfare, safety and well-being of
clinical trial participants. Each clinical
trial location is monitored by a specific
IRB/EC responsible for reviewing all
clinical trials. in its jurisdiction as well as
conducting ongoing reviews of active
clinical trials.
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Animal welfare
We follow the principles of 3Rs
(Replacement, Reduction, and
Refinement) as our guiding principles
for more ethical use of animals in
product testing and scientific research
as well as institutional and state/federal
guidelines for animal welfare when
conducting our studies.
We use animal/human cell lines and
human primary cells in our scientific
research for initial product screening to
avoid the use of animals in areas where
they otherwise would have been used.
When animal studies are absolutely
required, we conduct those studies
20
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
at a contract research organization
(CRO) but use the minimal number of
animals necessary for addressing the
scientific aim of the study. All our animal
study protocols are approved by the
CRO’s Institutional Animal Care and Use
Committee (IACUC).
During the study, the care and use of
animals is conducted in accordance
with the guidelines of the USA National
Research Council. Non-GLP (Good
Laboratory Practices) studies comply
with all applicable sections of the
Final Rules of the Animal Welfare
Act regulations (Code of Federal
Regulations, Title 9), the Public Health
Service Policy on Humane Care and
05 / Environment 06 / People
Use of Laboratory Animals from the
Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare
and the Guide for the Care and Use of
Laboratory Animals from the National
Research Council.
Supply chain governance
We are committed to continually
advancing our supply chain governance
efforts in order to ensure we engage
in a supply chain which is reliable, safe
and sustainable.
As we look to make the transition to
becoming a commercial company, we
have identified a set of core initiatives
to carry out in 2023 including the
07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
development of a Business Partner
Code of Conduct which, among other
areas, outlines our expectations in the
supply chain, as well as upholding
environmental, labor, human rights and
governance principles among others.
Additionally, in 2023 we plan to join the
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Initiative
(PSCI) and uphold the Principles for
Responsible Supply Chain Management
as well as execute a master services
agreement with a well-established
vendor to conduct diligence on selected
vendors and partners.
Governance

Holding ourselves to the

highest standards and
ensuring accountability

21
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Governance
Daily work at GreenLight is governed
by our Code of Business Conduct and
Ethics (“the Code”). The Code has been
adopted by our Board of Directors,
and it is applicable to all our directors,
officers, and employees. The Code,
communicated to our employees on a
yearly basis, sets out the requirements
that employees are expected to
meet in conducting business and
was put in place to promote honest
and ethical conduct, fair, accurate,
and timely disclosure practices, and
compliance with applicable laws, rules
and regulations, deter wrongdoing,
and require internal accountability and
22
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
reporting for breaches of the Code.
Specifically, the Code outlines standards
of honest, ethical, and fair conduct and
disclosure and sets forth reporting and
accountability obligations and process
for directors, officers, and employees
to follow as well as prohibited conduct
with respect to insider trading and
dissemination of inside information,
financial statements, and other records,
improper influence on the conduct
of audits, and anti-corruption laws
(including the prohibition of personnel
from offering or receiving bribes or other
financial incentives). Furthermore, to the
extent that we collect any data from
05 / Environment 06 / People
our customers, we do not provide or
otherwise release such data to any third
parties without consent.
GreenLight has zero tolerance for all
forms of corruption. GreenLight has
adopted a whistleblowing policy with the
purpose of reinforcing the company’s
business integrity by providing a safe
and reliable means for employees and
those doing business with GreenLight
to report concerns they may have
about the company’s conduct. Under
our policy, employees, contractors, and
third-party business partners can report
incidents of suspected non-compliance
07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
through a whistle-blowing function
available through an external party on
an anonymous basis by phone or online
(https://www.whistleblowerservices.
com/greenlightbiosciences). Our policy
sets forth clear procedures for how
complaints and reports are handled and
investigated. We take all such reports
seriously and have zero tolerance for
retaliation against any person reporting
any violations or suspected violations.
We actively monitor compliance
with our Code throughout each year,
including reviewing any complaints
and/or reported incidents with our
Audit Committee on a quarterly
basis or immediately as they arise if
necessary. While no cases of suspected
or confirmed corruption or violations
of our ethical norms were reported
during 2022, we recognize the need for
continuous improvement regarding anti-
corruption, bribery, money laundering,
and human rights. Therefore, we plan
to implement additional training for our
employees regarding these issues in
the coming years.
Our Environmental, Social, Governance,
and Impact Committee (“ESGI
Committee”) oversees our sustainability
strategy and related activities to
advance our initiatives. During 2022,
we initiated the first ESG assessment of
our company, led by a third party that
specializes in ESG assessments.
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Board Committees
As a public-benefit corporation,
GreenLight’s Board of Directors
is responsible for managing and
directing the company in a way that
balances the pecuniary interests of
the stockholders, the best interests
of those materially affected by the
company’s conduct, and the specific
public benefits identified in our charter.
Furthermore, one of the key functions
of GreenLight’s Board of Directors is
administering informed oversight of
the risk management process and for
monitoring and assessing strategic risk
exposure both directly and through its
various committees.
GreenLight’s Board of Directors has
three key committees, each of which
is important to the overall function
and oversight of our company and
its operations. GreenLight’s Board
Committees are as follows:
• Audit Committee
• Environmental, Social, Governance,
and Impact Committee
• Compensation Committee
The Audit Committee has the
responsibility to consider and discuss
major financial risk exposures and
the steps its management will take to
monitor and control such exposures,
including guidelines and policies
to govern the process by which risk
assessment and management is
undertaken. Its primary role is to oversee
23
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
the financial reporting and disclosure
process as well as reviewing and
receiving briefings with respect to certain
risks associated with issues arising from
the company’s operations. Specific
duties and responsibilities include:
• Selecting, retaining, and overseeing
the company’s independent auditors;
• Reviewing the adequacy and
effectiveness of the company's
internal controls;
• Overseeing the company’s
accounting and financial reporting,
including the quality and integrity
of the company’s financial
statements, and the overall audit
process and strategy;
• Evaluating auditor performance,
qualification, and independence;
• Reviewing and overseeing the
company’s policies, procedures, and
programs designed to promote and
monitor legal, ethical and regulatory
compliance; and
• Reviewing and overseeing any
transaction between the company
and any related person and other
potential conflict of interest situations.
• Reviewing material whistleblower
complaints of all types, including
those related to environmental,
employment, and financial concerns.
GreenLight’s Board of Directors
has determined that each member
of the Audit Committee qualifies
as an independent director for
audit committee purposes under
applicable rules.
05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
The Environmental, Social, Governance,
and Impact Committee (formerly
known as our Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee) has oversight
responsibility for GreenLight’s strategies
and activities relating to new director
elections, corporate governance,
environmental, social, and sustainability
policies and initiatives and related
disclosures and communications, among
other duties. Given the size and stage
of business of the company and the
close linkage between these important
areas, we believe that it is appropriate for
the ESGI Committee to be responsible
for both corporate governance and
sustainability initiatives. Specific duties
and responsibilities include:
• Determining qualifications, qualities,
skills and other expertise required to annual review of GreenLight’s corporate
be a director on the Board and assist goals and objectives. Specific duties and
with the selection and approval of responsibilities include:
director nominees; • Reviewing and making
• Overseeing corporate governance recommendations to the Board
practices and procedures; regarding incentive compensation
• Reviewing Board committee and equity-based plans and
structure and composition; and administering such plans;
• Overseeing sustainability, • Evaluating the CEO’s performance
environmental impact and social in light of corporate goals and
responsibility policies and practices. objectives and reviewing and
approving compensation of all other
In 2022, the ESGI Committee met four
executive officers; and
times, all of which were attended by all
members, except for one meeting in • Reviewing and recommending to
which one director was absent. the Board all employee benefit plans
for the company.
The Compensation Committee is
responsible for matters relating to
executive compensation and human
capital management, including an
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Board diversity
Our Board is composed entirely of
independent directors other than
our Chief Executive Officer, Andrey
Zarur, and is diverse, with diversity
reflecting gender, age, race, ethnicity,
background, professional experience
and perspectives. Each director on our
Board provides a unique set of skills,
experiences, and viewpoints that create
an effective, well-rounded, and strategic
Board. As we pursue future Board
recruitment efforts, our ESGI Committee
will continue to seek out qualified
and experienced candidates that can
contribute to the diversity of views and
perspectives of the Board.
57%
of GreenLight’s
Board is racially and
ethnically diverse
29%
of GreenLight's Board
identifies as female
24
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
Policies and charters
We are committed to maintaining a high
standard of governance, ethics, and
accountability across our operations
and our policies and charters have been
developed to support this commitment.
We aim to make our policies clear
and easy to understand, and we will
continually review such policies and
charters and update them from time to
time as we believe appropriate.
Our policies and the charters of each
of our committees are available for
review on the corporate governance
page of our website https://investors.
greenlightbio.com/corporate-
governance/overview
05 / Environment 06 / People
Expanding globally
As we expand our business and
partner with leading institutions
around the globe, it is important that
we continuously identify and assess
corruption risks. Potential partners
located in high-risk countries will require
a robust system in place in order to limit
the possibility of wrongful conduct.
Respect for human rights
Additionally, we follow the UN Guiding
Principles on Business and Human
Rights. We recognize and uphold
the responsibility that we have as
an organization to comply with all
applicable laws and to respect human
07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
rights. Through our business activities,
we take into consideration human
rights factors when we review potential
projects, programs, and strategic
collaborations, and these factors
are often a driving force behind the
projects and programs we review.
Furthermore, consistent with the UN
Guiding Principles on Business and
Human Rights, we avoid causing or
contributing to adverse human rights
impacts through our activities and seek
to prevent or mitigate adverse human
rights impacts directly linked to our
operations by our business relationships,
including terminating a relationship
with a business partner or supplier who
we become aware is responsible for a
known or proven human rights violation.
In the event that we conduct an external
human rights inspection or audit, we are
willing to disclose the results of those
inspections or audits.
Environmental
impact

Designing RNA-based products

to support human, animal, and
plant health

25
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Environmental impact
We recognize the importance of
managing our environmental impact and
upholding the highest environmental
standards throughout our value chain.
We operate in a highly regulated
industry, where the Environmental
Protection Agency and the Food and
Drug Administration are the main
regulators. We are committed to
continue assessing, and improving on,
the environmental impact we have
through our operations, including putting
safeguards in place to remedy negative
impacts such as insurance coverage for
pollutant clean-up and removal. With
the goal of holding ourselves to the
highest standards, we will continually
review all steering documents to ensure
that environmental accountability is
fully captured.
26
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
Setting a base year Impact as a result of Greenhouse-gas emissions
One element of GreenLight’s
commercialization (metric tons CO2e)
2022
environmental impact is the energy As of 2022, we have yet to initiate
consumption of our facilities and the Scope 1 (direct emissions) 658
commercial manufacturing. As we scale
associated emissions of greenhouse up our commercial activities, we will Scope 2 Location-based 3,695
gases. In 2022, we started to collect have to further investigate the actual (energy indirect emissions)
and report available data on energy and potential environmental impact Total 4,353
consumption and greenhouse gas of our operations and our value chain,
emissions for our primary locations. and continuously monitor and follow Scope 1 includes natural gas used onsite.
up on key metrics. In 2023, we will be Emission factor: DEFRA 2022
Water as a resource able to collect a complete data set on Scope 2 includes emissions from electricity,
By volume, water is the largest energy, water usage, hazardous wastes, district heating, district cooling, and steam.
input material of our operations, and and emissions data from our R&D and Emission factors: IEA 2020 and DEFRA 2022.
GreenLight will be looking for ways business operations.
Scope 3: GLB has yet to collect and report
to improve our water use metrics. data for Scope 3, this will be addressed in the
Wastewater is handled in accordance upcoming year.
with local and national legislation.
Our Rochester facility, where dsRNA
manufacturing will take place, is in an Energy Consumption (MWh) 2022 Waste (US short tons) 2022
industrial park that manages wastewater
Fuel (natural gas) 3,577 Hazardous 7
and waste on behalf of its tenants.
Electricity 7,631 Non-hazardous 12
Heating 1,273 Total 19
Cooling 292
Steam 1,045
Water usage (Megaliter) 17.39
Total 13,818
• The above data is incomplete in some cases as data resides with our landlords and is not readily available
to us for all facilities. We are correcting that deficiency for 2023 data.
• Certain new facilities were not included in the data (i.e. the Spain Field Research Station).
• Based on when the Lexington site came online, data for energy and waste represents a portion of the year;
water data was not available for 2022.
Caring for
people

United by a common
purpose of creating a more
sustainable future

27
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

Caring for people

The employees at GreenLight are key
to our success. We are a knowledge-
and science-based enterprise.
Therefore, it is essential that we attract
and retain the best talent by providing
benefits, rewards, programs and
progression that enable their health
and happiness, and support them in
achieving both their personal and
professional goals.
GreenLight is committed to providing fair
and equitable wages,* including paying
above minimum wage requirements
across all locations, for all employees
and regularly assessing our health and
wellness offerings to ensure they meet
the diverse needs of our population.
We strive to follow the highest
standards and practices with respect
to our employees, including, without
limitation, following the guidelines of
the International Labour Organization’s
International Labour Standards.
The foundation for
a stimulating and
sound workplace
Our Employee Handbook stipulates
the principles and rules that outline our
work to create and uphold a healthy
and stimulating workplace. The work is
led by our experienced and committed
People Team, managed directly by our
CEO. GreenLight strives to set the tone
for a respectful and inclusive workplace
from the top of the organization, through
all levels of employment. Designated
Employee Experience Ambassadors
work to create the experience we
want for our employees. We have
established formal Employee Resource
Groups, which act under the Equality,
Diversity, and Inclusion committee. The
Employee Resource Groups consist of
employees advocating for the needs,
passions, and commonalities of various
individuals and groups of individuals
within the company. In all actions we
take, we make sure that every part of
the organization and all our sites are
included in the journey.

Our 2022 workforce

Female Male Total

Employees 123 146 269

Permanent employees 123 145 268
Temporary employees 0 1 1
Full-time employees 122 145 267
Part-time employees 1 1 2
Gender as specified by the employees themselves
Figures are accurate as of December 31, 2022

28 *GreenLight complies with all applicable labor laws.

01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

Promoting diversity
and inclusion
As an organization, we value diversity,
equality, and inclusion and strive to
cultivate a culture that reflects these
values. We embrace different talents,
backgrounds, skills, perspectives, and
cultures and believe that our differences
are key to the company’s success. Our
efforts in having diverse talent can
be seen throughout the organization,
including at the Board and management
levels. During 2022, we have increased
our ratio of female employees across
all levels to 46%. Despite our progress,
we recognize there is more work to do.
We will continue supporting our minority
employees in their efforts to achieve
management positions, and we will
increase representation at more senior
levels in the years to come.
GreenLight is an Equal Opportunity
Employer. From the very beginning,
our founders believed that our way
forward would be based on equality,
diversity, and inclusion. Discrimination
and/or harassment in any form based
on race, creed, color, religion, alienage
or national origin, ancestry, citizenship
status, age, disability or handicap, sex,
marital status, veteran status, sexual
orientation, genetic information, or
any other characteristic protected by
applicable federal, state, or local laws
is strictly forbidden. In such cases,
immediate action will be taken. We
do not allow any form of retaliation
against individuals who raise issues of
concern to management.

Employees broken down by gender, age, and ethnicity (%)

Ethnic
Employment Category Women Men Age <30 Age 30-50 Age >50
minorities

Board of Directors 28.6% 71.4% 0.0% 42.9% 57.1% 57.1%

Executive management team 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 12.5% 87.5% 37.5%

Managers with direct line reports 33.0% 66.0% 2.4% 76.8% 20.7% 42.7%

Other Employees
51.4% 48.6% 40.2% 48.0% 11.7% 48.6%
(not included above)

29 *As of December 31, 2022, 30% of all ethnic and racial minorities and 33% of all women at GreenLight are in management-level positions.
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Attracting, developing, and
retaining the best talent
At GreenLight, we believe in attracting
the best talent possible. We offer
well-rounded benefits packages to our
employees, including competitive wages
and remuneration, career development,
healthcare, life insurance, paid holidays,
minimum of 15 days paid vacation, paid
parental leave (12 weeks for birthing
and non-birthing parents), a mental
health program, relocation bonuses,
reimbursement for tuition expenses
(up to $5,250 annually), company stock
options*, and other competitive benefits.
Additionally, we offer our employees a
variety of flexible work arrangements.
For example, we provide all employees
who are returning from parental leave
with a phase-back-to-work option that
allows them to work 4 days a week for
4 weeks at full pay, providing them with
flexibility they may need as new parents.
We regularly review the pay ranges
associated with each level to ensure we
are compensating competitively, and in
100%
Retention rate of
employees who
30 took parental leave
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
turn, we closely review that each person
is levelled correctly and positioned
appropriately within market ranges
as compared to the industry and their
peers**. At 90%, our unadjusted gender
pay gap is better than the national pay
gap, which is reported as 82% in recent
years1. In 60% of the pay grades in our
job structure, women are paid as much
or more than the men on average. We
are committed to equal employment
opportunity and non-discrimination for
all employees and to increasing the
monitoring and reporting of company-
wide gender and ethnicity data. With
every hire, promotion and annual salary
review cycle, we will continue to closely
review the pay equity analytics with the
goal of providing equitable pay.
We are committed to supporting our
employees and the outcomes of our
employee survey measuring the overall
health and satisfaction of the company
indicate that we are on the right track.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE&I) and
the measure of manager effectiveness
ranked as the highest performing
metric in the most recent employee
engagement survey in 2021. For
example, 89% of responding employees
agreed that “I feel our organization is
actively working to create an inclusive,
diverse, and equitable workplace.” In
2022, we leveraged the feedback from
the engagement survey to develop
programs that would best support our
employees. We plan to do an employee
satisfaction survey in 2023.
1
U.S. Census Bureau, 2021
*Long-term employee benefits equate to 13.6% of the total amount spent on salaries, wages and benefits.
**Management compensation as a share of total amount spent on salaries, wages and benefits is equal to 9.5%
05 / Environment 06 / People
In addition, we have deployed various
Employee Resource Groups which
include, a Women’s network, an LGBTQ+
group and others, to help us understand
the diverse needs of our employee
population. These grassroots efforts
inform us on how to improve upon our
benefits and talent programs.
We communicate the available career
paths and engage in a two-way dialogue
on career aspirations. At the time of
publishing this report, 87% of employees
received a written performance review
and we expect additional reviews will
be completed within Q1. Reflection and
continuous improvement are important
to our culture and growth and so we
provide follow-up, resources and tools to
facilitate these productive conversations
and ensure they happen. We were proud
to see that the same percentage of both
men and women were promoted during
our annual promotion process (27%).
At GreenLight, we are focused on
developing tools and programs that
build and retain a diverse talent pipeline.
We do this in many ways throughout
the employee lifecycle starting with
the recruitment process. Since our
inception, we have had and maintained
a practice of including a wide cross-
section of employees from various
functions, backgrounds, experiences,
skills and levels in the panel interview
process to ensure the most unbiased
outcome and that different views are
represented and heard. We continued
07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
this practice even as we experienced
hyper growth when we hired more than
100 employees in the first six months
of 2022. Additionally, we have rolled
out and trained all managers on the
“GreenLight Way” of hiring to ensure
that we have a common understanding
of the biases we might have, how to
overcome them and how to ensure we
execute on a consistent, structured and
equitable process. Training our teams on
these concepts and skills, including how
to craft an unbiased job description, how
to appropriately screen a resume, and
behavioral interviewing skills, combined
with our regular reinforcement of the
company’s values and mission, has
yielded a 46% representation of females
in our workforce. Throughout 2020 and
2021, we were able to further improve on
achieving greater equality in our gender
representation.
Leadership at GreenLight is
characterized by three Cs: care, courage,
and collaboration, concepts that are
core to the company culture we want to
nourish. Across our locations, we offer
professional development paths, and we
work diligently to create strong leaders.
For example, we provided a dedicated
leadership training program in 2022,
aimed at teaching our leaders crucial
skills. This was a virtual program hosted
by a well-established third party, with
training modules designed and led by
experienced leadership experts from
academia and businesses.
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Occupational health
and safety
The health and safety of our workforce
is critical. GreenLight provides safety
training for employees upon hiring as
well as annual refreshers. Our training
covers a variety of relevant areas aligned
with the work we do, such as biosafety,
chemical hygiene, hazardous waste
training, among others. The average
time spent on health and safety training
courses was 8 hours per employee
(including contract workers). In addition
to our core training, we offer optional
training in CPR/First Aid/AED training,
and we complete and report on several
lab safety inspections at all our sites
and have safety committees that meet
monthly at each site.
31
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
During 2022, GreenLight recorded two
workplace accidents or a Lost Time
Frequency Injury Rate of 2.96. Both
accidents were minor with one requiring
an out-patient medical check and the
other requiring one week of light duty
work. In 2022, the average number of
days lost due to unplanned absenteeism
was 1.6 days per employee.
We continue to strive for the safest
possible workplace and, to take our
employee health & safety (EHS) work
to the next level, we launched a new
EHS system in November 2022. This was
supplemented by an updated Chemical
Hygiene Plan and Chemical Risk
Assessment forms. Third-party vendors
and contractors are also required to
have training before they commence
work. Programs vary depending on cleanup days, and donations to Feeding community is through the hosting of
the type and duration of the work America through our office meal- interns. In 2022, 26 students joined
to be performed. ordering service, among other initiatives. GreenLight as interns. The internship
Each of our Employee Resources Groups program provided GreenLight with
Community engagement (seven in all) has a senior-level sponsor an opportunity to collaborate with
and/or leader who provides guidance new talent from universities and
GreenLight is deeply invested in both and acts as a sounding board to ensure colleges nationwide and to participate
the communities where we operate, as that the committee’s goals, programs, in a productive exchange of ideas.
well as the extended global community. and activities align with our mission and When active, it can also create brand
Initiatives are channeled through the values and that they continue to have ambassadors to enhance our future
Global Community Service Committee the desired impact on our GreenLight recruitment efforts for Research
(one of our Employee Resource Groups). community and community at large. Associate and other entry and mid-level
Our CEO is the Executive Sponsor of the Furthermore, as GreenLight continues positions. The program also aligns with
committee, which has realized initiatives to expand globally we aim to hire key our DE&I efforts and supporting women
like fundraisers for Ukraine relief, Haiti positions from the local community, as in STEM positions—50% of our 2022
earthquake relief, local organizations we achieved this year with the opening interns identified as female. Furthermore,
working to support victims of trafficking of the field research station in Spain. we offer housing assistance to our
and sexual exploitation, farm volunteer student interns in order to help facilitate
days that have helped grow food for Another way in which we are able to their in-office experience at our
200+ families in need, local community support and engage with the broader respective locations.
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Looking ahead
The world is ever changing, and the year
2022 has been no different.
At GreenLight, we take important
learnings with us into the new year. We
are determined to further advance how
we work with sustainability, and the first
ESG assessment conducted under 2022
will form the basis of our upcoming
32
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
sustainability strategy, which includes
elaborating on how we can contribute
to the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable
Development Goals.
We will regularly assess the quality
of our sustainability data, focusing on
continuous improvements and meeting
the expectations of prospective investors
05 / Environment 06 / People
and other stakeholders. We believe in
the potential of our RNA platform and
the solutions that we can offer, yet we
recognize the core expectation of us to
be a credible actor and partner.
To do that, we need to ensure that we
have high-quality sustainability data
from our organization and across the
07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
value chain, from well-established
processes to follow-up on progress.
The key will also be to build company-
wide competences and capacity to
work with sustainability in a systematic
and strategic manner, while working to
realize our human health and animal and
plant health pipelines.
Sustainability
Accounting
Standards
Board
(SASB) Index

33
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

SASB Index
The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) is an independent nonprofit organization that develops and sets sustainability accounting standards in an effort to
provide consistent reporting on environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) matters by companies. GreenLight has elected to report under the SASB framework for our
industry—biotechnology and pharmaceuticals—as we strive to provide relevant ESG information to our investors and stakeholders. We are committed to ESG transparency
and continuing to strengthen our disclosures in the coming years.

SASB
Topic Accounting Metric Description 2022 Disclosure
Code
Safety of HC-BP- Discussion, by world region, of management process for ensuring See page 19.
Clinical Trial 210a.1 quality and patient safety during clinical trials
Participants
HC-BP- Number of FDA Sponsor Inspections related to clinical trial 0; no trials have commenced in the United States.
210a.2 management and pharmacovigilance that resulted in (1) Voluntary
Action Indicated (VAI) and (2) Official Action Indicated (OAI)

HC-BP- Total amount of monetary losses as a result of legal proceedings 0; no clinical trials have commenced in any developing country as of 2022.
210a.3 associated with clinical trials in developing countries

Access to HC-BP- Description of actions and initiatives to promote access to Despite prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against Covid-19, it still remains an area
Medicines 240a.1 healthcare products for priority diseases and in priority countries for active vaccine R&D to generate improved booster with greater breadth and durability
as defined by the Access to Medicine Index against SARS-CoV-2 and other related viruses (e.g., betacoronaviruses or sarbecoviruses
more broadly). GreenLight is laying the groundwork to conduct a Phase I/II study to support
clinical trial conduct, capacity building, and—through clinical studies and approval—allow
access to health care products.

HC-BP- List of products on the WHO List of Prequalified Medicinal GreenLight has no products on the WHO List of Prequalified Medicinal Products as we do
240a.2 Products as part of its Prequalification of Medicines Program not yet have commercial products. However, GreenLight’s core strategy entails partnering
(PQP) with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to advance access to WHO high- and mid-
priority vaccines.

Affordability & HC-BP- Number of settlements of Abbreviated New Drug Application 0; GreenLight’s products are in development and are not yet commercially available.
Pricing 240b.1 (ANDA) litigation that involved payments and/or provisions to
delay bringing an authorized generic product to market for a
defined time period

HC-BP- Percentage change in: (1) average list price and (2) average net 0; GreenLight’s products are in development and are not yet commercially available.
240b.2 price across U.S. product portfolio compared to previous year

HC-BP- Percentage change in: (1) list price and (2) net price of product 0; GreenLight’s products are in development and are not yet commercially available.
240b.3 with largest increase compared to previous year

34
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

SASB Index
SASB
Topic Accounting Metric Description 2022 Disclosure
Code
Drug Safety HC-BP- Number of settlements of Abbreviated New Drug Application 0; GreenLight’s products are in development and are not yet commercially available.
250a.1 (ANDA) litigation that involved payments and/or provisions to
delay bringing an authorized generic product to market for a
defined time period

HC-BP- Percentage change in: (1) average list price and (2) average net 0; GreenLight’s products are in development and are not yet commercially available.
250a.2 price across U.S product portfolio compared to previous year

HC-BP- Percentage change in: (1) list price and (2) net price of product 0; GreenLight’s products are in development and are not yet commercially available.
250a.3 with largest increase compared to previous year

HC-BP- Total amount of product accepted for takeback, reuse, or disposal 0; GreenLight’s products are in development and are not yet commercially available.
250a.4

HC-BP- Number of FDA enforcement actions taken in response to 0; no FDA enforcement actions to date.
250a.5 violations of current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) by
type

Counterfeit HC-BP- Description of methods and technologies used to maintain GreenLight’s products are in development and are not yet commercially available.t
Drugs 260a.1 traceability of products throughout the supply chain and prevent
counterfeiting

HC-BP- Discussion of process for alerting customers and business GreenLight’s products are in development and are not yet commercially available.
260a.2 partners of potential or known risks associated with counterfeit
products

HC-BP- Number of actions that led to raids, seizure, arrests and/or filing 0; GreenLight’s products are in development and are not yet commercially available.
260a.3 or criminal charges related to counterfeit products

Ethical HC-BP- Total amount of monetary losses as a result of legal proceedings 0; no legal proceedings associated with false marketing claims.
Marketing 270a.1 associated with false marketing claims

HC-BP- Description of code of ethics governing promotion of off-label use No off-label use of products in current proposed clinical trial
270a.2 of products

35
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance 03 / Business areas 04 / Governance 05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB

SASB Index
SASB
Topic Accounting Metric Description 2022 Disclosure
Code
Employee HC-BP- Discussion of talent recruitment and retention efforts for scientists See page 30.
Recruitment, 330a.1 and research and development personnel
Development &
Retention

Employee HC-BP- (1) Voluntary and (2) involuntary turnover rate* for: (a) executives/
Avg. # of #Involuntary Involuntary #Voluntary Voluntary
Recruitment, 330a.2 senior managers, (b) midlevel managers, (c) professionals, and
Employees Departures Turnover % Departures Turnover %
Development & (d) all others. Shown below as percentages of total turnover (e.g.,
Retention number of involuntary professional-level leavers/total average Exec/Sr
58 9 15.6% 8 13.9%
2022 headcount). Management

Mid-Level 45 11 24.6% 8 17.9%

Professional 98 17 17.4% 22 22.5%

Other 115 38 32.9% 14 12.1%

*The involuntary turnover figures include those who were
impacted by the restructuring that took place in October 2022. Total 315 75 23.8% 52 16.5%

Supply Chain HC-BP- Percentage of (1) entity's facilities and (2) Tier 1 suppliers' facilities 0%
Sustainability 430a.1 participating in the Rx-360 International Pharmaceutical Supply
Chain Consortium audit program or equivalent third-party audit
programs for integrity of supply chain and ingredients

Business Ethics HC-BP- Total amount of monetary losses as a result of legal proceedings 0; no legal proceedings associated with corruption and bribery.
510a.1 associated with corruption and bribery

HC-BP- Description of code of ethics governing interactions with See page 19.
510a.2 healthcare professionals

Activity Metrics HC-BP- Number of patients treated 0; GLB has not commenced any human clinical trials yet.
000.A

HC-BP- Q: Number of drugs (1) in portfolio and (2) in research and (i) In portfolio – 3 drug development candidates in the portfolio (ii) in R&D - 1 drug
000.B development (Phases 1-3) development candidate preparing to begin a Phase I/II clinical trial.

36
01 / CEO letter 02 / At a glance
Disclaimer on forward-looking statements
Certain statements in this report
may constitute “forward-looking
statements” for purposes of the federal
securities laws. Our forward-looking
statements include, but are not limited
to, statements regarding our or our
management team’s expectations,
hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies
regarding the future, including those
relating to the success, cost and timing
of our research and development
activities in our plant and human health
programs, the acceptance of RNA-
based technologies by regulators
and the public, our ability to raise and
productively deploy capital and the
rate at which we can successfully bring
products to market, our projected
cash runway and our ability to obtain
funding for our operations when
needed. Forward-looking statements
include statements relating to our
management team’s expectations,
hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies
regarding the future. In addition, any
statements that refer to projections,
forecasts or other characterizations
of future events or circumstances,
including any underlying assumptions,
are forward-looking statements.
37
03 / Business areas 04 / Governance
The words “anticipate,” “believe,”
“contemplate,” “continue,” “could,”
“estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,”
“might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,”
“predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would”
and similar expressions may identify
forward-looking statements, but the
absence of these words does not mean
that a statement is not forward-looking.
These forward-looking statements are
based on current expectations and
beliefs concerning future developments
and their potential effects. There can be
no assurance that future developments
affecting us will be those that we have
anticipated. These forward-looking
statements involve a number of risks,
uncertainties (some of which are beyond
our control) or other assumptions that
may cause actual results or performance
to be materially different from those
expressed or implied by these forward-
looking statements. These risks and
uncertainties include, but are not limited
to, those factors described under the
heading “Risk Factors” in the company’s
most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K
filed with the SEC, as well as discussions
of potential risks, uncertainties, and
other important factors included in
05 / Environment 06 / People 07 / Looking ahead 08 / SASB
our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-
Q, periodic filings on Form 8-K, and
any of our future filings with the SEC.
Should one or more of these risks or
uncertainties materialize, or should any
of our assumptions prove incorrect,
actual results may vary in material
respects from those projected in these
forward-looking statements. Some of
these risks and uncertainties may in
the future be amplified by the ongoing
COVID-19 pandemic and current
macroeconomic conditions and there
may be additional risks that we consider
immaterial, or which are unknown. It
is not possible to predict or identify
all such risks. Our forward-looking
statements only speak as of the date
they are made, and we do not undertake
any obligation to update or revise any
forward-looking statements, whether as
a result of new information, future events
or otherwise, except as may be required
under applicable securities laws.
GreenLight's SEC filings can be found
at https://investors.greenlightbio.com/
financial-information/sec-filings.
About this report

This sustainability report details

the performance of GreenLight
Biosciences Holdings, PBC, a
Delaware public benefit corporation,
together with its wholly-owned
subsidiary, GreenLight Biosciences,
Inc., a Delaware corporation. It covers
the financial year of 2022 (January
1, 2022, through December 31,
2022). Emission factors used: Scope
1 DEFRA 2022, Scope 2: IEA 2020
and DEFRA 2022.

GreenLight Biosciences
29 Hartwell Avenue
Lexington, Massachusetts 02421

www.greenlightbiosciences.com