© 2023 IJRAR June 2023, Volume 10, Issue 2 www.ijrar.

org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SEED

SOWING MACHINE WITH FERTILIZER
DROPPING IMPLEMENTATION
1Yash Jadhav, 2Pritesh Kadam, 3Vishal Pawar, 4Akshay Hulage
1
Student 1, 2Student 2, 3Student 3, 4Student 4
1
Prof. S. V. Gosavi,
1
Mechanical Engineering,
1
P.E.S. Modern College of Engineering, Shivajinagar, Pune, India.

Abstract: Agriculture is a major sector worldwide that plays a vital role in the economic development of nations. In today's era,
there is a rapid growth across all sectors, including agriculture. Agricultural technology, known as agro technology, involves the
implementation of recent technologies to enhance crop production. When developing new products or processes, it is important to
consider the economic feasibility of the technology as well as its impact on society.
One crucial concern in the agricultural sector is the availability of labor. As labor costs increase and labor availability becomes a
significant issue for farmers, it is essential to address these challenges. Seed sowing is a fundamental and crucial operation in farming.
However, the current equipment used for seed sowing is difficult and inconvenient to handle. Therefore, there is a pressing need to
design and develop a machine that can reduce the efforts required by farmers. This machine aims to assist farmers in achieving the
best crop yield with minimal effort.
An ideal sowing machine should be suitable for all types of farms and crops, possess robust construction, and be reliable. These
are the basic requirements for a sowing machine. The primary objective of the sowing operation is to accurately place seeds and
fertilizer in rows at the desired depth and cover the seeds with soil, and provide proper compaction over the seeds. Our designed
sowing machine is manually operated and significantly reduces the efforts required by farmers, thereby increasing sowing efficiency
and mitigating the issues encountered during manual sowing. This machine allows for sowing various types of seeds and provides
flexibility in adjusting the spacing between two seeds during planting.

Keywords- Manual Seed Sowing, sowing disc, FEA, Chain and Sprockets, Agro-technology.
I. INTRODUCTION

India is known for its villages, where agriculture is the primary occupation for the majority of the population. Agriculture has
long been the backbone of the Indian economy and will continue to be so for the foreseeable future. It supports nearly 17% of the
world's population with only 2.3% of the world's geographical area and 4.2% of the world's water resources. Our entire economy is
based on agriculture, which involves the efficient production of food, feed, fiber, and other goods for humans and animals. It has
been observed that farmers in India primarily use hoes, axes, and shovels as their main farm tools for agricultural operations [4][5].
These tools are conventional and have been used for a long time without any improvements in agricultural practices. Therefore, it is
necessary to develop a system that reduces laborious tasks and is user-friendly for the agricultural community in India.

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The major sources of agricultural growth during recent years have been the adoption of modern crop varieties, increased input
usage, and investments leading to expansion in irrigated areas. However, in areas where the "Green Revolution" technologies had a
major impact, growth has now slowed down. To push the boundaries of yield, utilize inputs more efficiently, and diversify towards
more sustainable and higher-value cropping patterns, new technologies are needed. Future agricultural growth needs to be faster,
more widespread, and better targeted.
The primary objective of sowing operations is to place seeds and fertilizer in rows at the desired depth and spacing, cover them
with soil, and provide proper compaction. In order to save farmers' time and effort, it is important to develop methods that not only
save time but also reduce their workload. Farmers often face the challenge of not having access to bullocks or tractors during the
peak sowing period, which leads them to hire them at increased costs. Traditional methods of agricultural processes result in lower
productivity compared to other regions. This is often due to imbalanced fertilizer application without knowledge of the actual nutrient
requirements for specific crops.
It is now widely recognized worldwide that in order to meet the food requirements of the growing population and rapid
industrialization, modernizing agriculture is crucial. On many farms, production suffers due to improper seedbed preparation and
delays in sowing, harvesting, and threshing. Mechanization allows for better input conservation through precise metering, ensuring
improved distribution, reducing the quantity needed for optimal response, and preventing losses or wastage of applied inputs. In
regions where human labor and draft animals are the main sources of farm power, the timeliness of field operations, including seeding,
has been identified as a major factor in increasing cropping intensity.
The number of seeds to be sown per unit area depends on factors such as seed size, germination percentage, expected plant cover
at maturity, and intended use of the plant for either fodder or grain. Manual planting requires farmers to spend a significant amount
of time, which is often limited for them. Consequently, more manpower is required to complete the task within the designated time,
which can be costly. Additionally, manual planting leads to more wastage. Therefore, there is a need to develop a machine that can
assist farmers in reducing their efforts during planting.

II. OBJECTIVES
1. To design and fabricate manually operated seed sowing machine.
2. To analytically validate the working model.
3. Make this machine economical and user friendly for Indian farmers to operate.
4. To implement the functionality of sowing different types of seeds.
5. To improve the efficiency of sowing operation and reduce the farmer’s fatigue.

III. METHODOLOGY
 Literature review and market survey.
 Identification of market requirements and farmer’s needs from the literature study.
 Analytical calculations as per methods studied from research papers.
 3D modelling of the machine as per the calculations.
 Finite Element Analysis of the model on various iterations.
 Selecting the best possible mechanism and best possible layout.
 Fabrication of the machine according to the 3D design.
 Farm testing for validation of objectives and evaluation of the design.

IV. CALCUALTIONS FOR AVERAGE LOADING CONDITION

Curb weight of vehicle = 10 kg and active weight of the vehicle = 15kg Total weight = 25kg. Now assuming the active wight of 15 kg
of machineis acting on horizontal members of chassis. So, 15 kg/m = 15*0.65 = 9.75kg of point load acting on the horizontal truss
members. Therefore, point load acting on member = 9.75*9.81 = 95.64 N.

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Considering the condition of simply supported beam,

Fig. UDL acting on simply supported beam

By using the Flexural formula, we can find different parameters of it, like bendingmoment, bending stress and deflection of
member. Bending formula is given by

a) Maximum bending moment is given by, Mmax = WL2/8 = (95.64) *(0.65)2/8

Hence, Mmax = 5050.9 Nmm = 5.05 Nm
b) Bending stress is given by, σb = y*(M/I) = (1.45*5050.9)/16345.3 = 0.448N/mm2

c) Deflection is given by, δ= (5WL4)/(384*EI) = (5*95.64*6504)/ (384*2.1*105*16345.3)δ=64.761mm = 65mm

(approx.) = 0.065 m (At UDL=95.64N

V. DESIGN OF MODEL
3D Model

Fig. Side View Fig. Isometric View

Fig. 2D Draft of Seed Sowing machine

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FEA of chassis

Fig. Displacement Contour Fig. Strain Contour

Results of FEA
Based on the analysis and considering the operating conditions and material properties, it can be concluded that the design of the
seed sowing machine is suitable and meets the required safety criteria. The deformation and stress levels experienced during average
loading conditions are within acceptable limits.
The material used for the seed sowing machine is mild steel, which has a Young's modulus of 2 * 10^5 N/mm². Mild steel is known
for its strength and durability, although it may have a lower tensile strength compared to carbon steel.
In summary, the design of the seed sowing machine is considered safe due to the following factors:

1. Deformation: The deformation experienced under average loading conditions is less, indicating that the structural integrity of the
machine remains intact.

2. Stress Levels: The stress levels experienced during average loading conditions are within acceptable limits, even when using
mild steel.

3. Material Choice: Although carbon steel has a higher tensile strength than mild steel, the mild steel's tensile strength is still
adequate to handle the stress levels encountered during operation.

Therefore, based on the provided data, the design of the seed sowing machine is suitable and meets the required safety criteria, and
the use of mild steel ensures sufficient strength and durability for its intended purpose.

COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS

Sr. No. Component Specification

1 Hollow Square pipe rods Size =25*25*2, material = mild steel

2 Chain and Sprocket Length = 1.5 m and teeth’s of sprocket= 18

Material = stainless steel

3 Tank Capacity of tank = 15 L and material =

Plastic

4 Hopper Capacity of hopper = 3 kg and material= MS

sheet metal

5 Bearing Type = deep groove ball bearing, ID = 10

mm

6 Axel (shaft) Material = mild steel and Diameter = 10mm

7 Seed disk Material = plastic and no. of openings = 8

Component Specifications Table

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Actual Model after Fabrication

Fig. Actual model after fabrication

VI. RESULTS:

1. Consistent sowing rate: The machine consistently sows seeds at a steady rate, ensuring uniform distribution.
2. Varied seed spacing: The distance between consecutive seeds is approximately 10 cm, but it may vary depending on
the seed type. This indicates that the machine can be adjusted to accommodate different planting requirements.
3. Simultaneous sowing and fertilizing: The machine enable the simultaneous execution of sowing and fertilizing
operations, streamlining the planting process.
4. Seed quantity and time interval: Within a 30-minute time interval, the machine successfully sowed approximately 1.5
kg of seeds, highlighting its efficiency in terms of seed distribution capacity.
5. Comparatively lesser sowing time: It was observed that the machine's sowing time was lesser compared to manual
sowing done individually. This suggests that manual sowing may be slower for small-scale or precise planting scenarios.
6. Reduced human fatigue: The use of the machine significantly reduces human fatigue caused by lower back pain and
shoulder problems associated with manual sowing. This indicates that the machine offers ergonomic benefits and
reduces strain on the operator.
7. Cost-effective and low maintenance: The machine's cost is relatively lower compared to market competitors, and its
maintenance is minimal due to fewer components. Occasional oiling is the primary requirement for upkeep, making it
an affordable and easy-to-maintain option.

VII. CONCLUSION

This seed sowing machine has great potential for increasing the productivity of sowing operations. Until now, tractors
have been the primary source of power for farming. However, with the adoption of this seed planting machine, its purpose can be
fulfilled. Therefore, there is a need to promote this technology and make it available to small-scale farmers at affordable prices. The
design of this machine can be simplified, reducing the overall project cost and enabling easy manufacturing in existing workshops.
This manually operated seed sowing machine can fulfill the needs of poor and small-scale farmers. They can easily and effectively
sow their seeds in the field using these machines, which offer several advantages. It increases productivity, enhances sowing
efficiency, reduces human efforts, and minimizes the time and labor required for sowing.

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VIII. REFERENCES
[1] Adalinge N. B., Ghune G. P., Lavate G. B. and Mane R. R. (2017). Design and Manufacturing of Seed Sowing machine.
International journal of advance research ideasand innovation in technology. Vol. 3(2), 705-708.
[2] Kyada, A. R. and Patel D. B. (2014). Design and development of manually operated Seed planter machine. All India
Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research conference, IIT Guwahati, Assam, India. Vol.2(728), 1-7.
[3] Kanthiravan R. and P. Balashanmugam, (2019). Design and fabrication of manuallyoperated seed sowing machine. International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. Vol. 6 (6), 3767-3774.
[4] Renitha P., Vignesh P., Karthick Sories M. R. and Ramalingam D. (2018). A study about the design and fabrication of automatic
seed sowing and fertilizer Spraying machine. International journal of management, technology and engineering. Vol. 8 (4),
695-703.
[5] Marode R. V., Tayade G. P. and Agrawal S. K. (2013). Design and implementationof multi seed sowing machine. International
Journal of Mechanical engineering and robotics research. 2(4), 422-429.

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