DRUGS & DOSAGES

Grace Angela S. Garcia, MD, DPPS, DPSAAI

20 OCT 2020

ANTICONVULSANTS II. Cephalosporins

• Diazepam a. 1st Generation
o IV: 0.2 – 0.5 mg/kg/dose • Cephalexin: 25-100
o Rectal: 0.5 mg/kg/dose mg/kg/day PO q6-8H
nd
• Phenobarbital b. 2 Generation
o LD: 15-20 mg/kg/dose IV/PO • Cefaclor: 20-40 mg/kg/day
o MD: 5-6 mg/kg/day IV/PO q8H
q12-24H • Cefuroxime:
o PO: 20-30 mg/kg/day
ANTIBIOTICS o Neonate IV: 40-100
I. Penicillin mg/kg/day q12H
• Aqueous PCN (Pen G Na): 100- o Beyond: 200-240
250,000 U/kg/day IV q4-6H mg/kg/day q8H
• Benzathine PCN: IM q28 days c. 3rd Generation
o < 30 kg: 600,000 U • Ceftriaxone: 50-100
o > 30 kg: 1.2 million U mg/kg/day q12-24H
• Isoxazole PCN • Cefixime: 8 mg/kg/day q12-
o Oxacillin: IV, q4-6 hrs 24H
th
§ Infants: 100-200 d. 4 Generation
mg/kg/day • Cefepime: 100-150
§ Child: 50-100 mg/kg/day IV q8-12H
mg/kg/day
o Cloxacillin: 50-100 mg/kg/day III. Aminoglycosides
• Ampicillin: 100-200 mg/kg/day; IV, • Amikacin: 10-15 mg/kg/day q8-
q6H 12H
o Meningitic dose: 200-400 • Gentamicin: 5-7.5 mg/kg/day q8-
mg/kg/day 12H
• Amoxicillin: 40-60 mg/kg/day PO,
q8H IV. Macrolides PO
o Otitis Media: 80-90 • Erythromycin: 30-50 mg/kg/day
mg/kg/day PO q8-12H
• Amoxicillin-Clavulanic (Co- • Clarithromycin: 15 mg/kg/day PO
Amoxiclav): 40-60 mg/kg/day, po, q12H
q8-12H • Azithromycin: 10 mg/kg/day PO
o 228.5mg/5mL = 200mg/5mL OD for 3 days
amoxicillin equivalent
o 457mg/5mL = 400 mg/5mL V. Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
amoxicillin equivalent • Piperacillin Tazobactam IV: 300-
400 mg/kg/day q6-8H
• Meropenem IV: 60 mg/kg/day
q8H

Pelayo, K.A.
DRUGS & DOSAGES
Grace Angela S. Garcia, MD, DPPS, DPSAAI
20 OCT 2020
o Meningitic dose: 120 MUCOLYTICS
mg/kg/day q8H • Ambroxol: 1.2-1.6 mg/kg/day q12H

ANTIVIRALS BRONCHODILATORS
• Aciclovir PO • Salbutamol: 0.1-0.15 mg/kg/dose
o Chicken Pox: 20 mg/kg/dose q8H
(max 800mg, 4x/day for 5 days) • Terbutaline: 0.05-0.075 mg/kg/dose
o Herpes Simplex: 15 mg/kg/dose, q8H
5x/day for 7 days
H2 BLOCKERS
ANTIPROTOZOALS • Ranitidine: 1-5 mg/kg/dose q6-8H
• Metronidazole • Famotidine: 1-2 mg/kg/day OD or
o PO: 35-50 mg/kg/day q8H BID
o IV: 30 mg/kg/day q6-8H
STEROIDS
ANTIHELMINTHIC • Prednisone: 1mg/kg/day OD
• Mebendazole: 100 mg BID for 3
days or 500 mg single dose
• Albendazole
o 12-23 mos old, 200 mg single
dose
o 24 mos and above, 400 mg
single dose
• Pyrantel Pamoate: 11 mg/kg single
dose

ANTIPYRETICS/ANALGESICS
• Paracetamol: 10-15 mg/kg/dose
q4H
• Ibuprofen: 5-10 mg/kg/dose q6H
• Aspirin: 10-15 mg/kg/dose q4-6H
o Acute phase of Kawasaki:
80-100 mg/kg/day q6H
o Rheumatic fever: 60-100
mg/kg/day q6H

ANTIHISTAMINES
• Hydroxyzine: 0.6 mg/kg/dose q6H
• Cetirizine: 0.25 mg/kg/dose q12-
24H
• Diphenhydramine: 5 mg/kg/day q6H

Pelayo, K.A.
DRUGS & DOSAGES
Grace Angela S. Garcia, MD, DPPS, DPSAAI
20 OCT 2020
DOSAGE REGIMEN
FORMULA FOR COMPUTATION Frequency:
• Every 24h -> once a day
Legend: • Every 12h -> 2x a day
AD: Actual dose • Every 8 h -> 3x a day
RD: Recommended dose • Every 6 h -> 4x a day
D: per day EXAMPLE OF DRUGS GIVEN PER DAY
d: per dose • Amoxicillin: 40-60 mg/kg/day PO q8H
WT: Weight • Cephalexin: 25-100 mg/kg/day PO q6-
#: Number 8H
• Metronidazole: 35-50 mg/kg/day PO
Concentration q8H
• Found by dividing the weight by the
volume
• Example: 250 mg/5 mL
• The answer will result in the • HOW TO CHECK THE DOSE PER DAY
concentration/ml of the medication
(50 mg/mL) AD = Dose x Prep/Conc x Freq
Wt
Example of the Concentration of Oral Meds
• Paracetamol 250mg/5mL > 50mg/mL = mL/dose x mg/mL x # of dose given
• Paracetamol 125mg/5mL > 5mg/mL Kg
• Ibuprofen 200 mg/5mL > 40mg/mL
= mg/kg/day

COMPUTATION PER DAY = 40 mg/kg/day x 10 kg ÷ 3

• ORAL MEDICATION PER DAY 250 mg/5mL
= 400 ÷ 3
Dose = RD x Wt (in kg) ÷ Frequency 50 mg/mL
Preparation = 2.7 mL/dose
round off to 3 mL/dose
=mg/kg/day x Kg ÷ # of dose per day
mg/mL Case 1:
Amber was diagnosed to have an URTI.
= mL/dose Compute for the amount of Cefaclor to be
given to him at 30 mg/kg/day, he weighs 19
Example: kgs. Preparation: 250 mg/5 mL
Amoxicillin 250 mg/5mL a. 2.5 mL 3x a day
RD: 40-60 mg/kg/day, TDS (3x a day) b. 11.4 mL 3x a day
Wt: 10 kg c. 3.8 mL 3x a day
d. 1.4 mL 3x a day
Dose = RD x Wt (in kg) ÷ Frequency
Preparation

Pelayo, K.A.
DRUGS & DOSAGES
Grace Angela S. Garcia, MD, DPPS, DPSAAI
20 OCT 2020
Example: Example:
Amoxicillin: 250mg/5mL, 6mL 3x a day Paracetamol 100 mg/mL
Wt: 20 kg RD: 10-15 mg/kg/dose q4H as needed for
fever
AD = Dose x Prep/Conc x Freq Wt: 4 kg
Wt
= 6mL/dose x 250mg/5mL x 3 dose/day Dose = RD x Wt
20 kg Prep
= 6 x 50 x 3 = 13mg/kg/dose x 4kg
20 100mg/mL
= 900 = 40
20 100
= 45 mg/kg/day = 0.4 mL/dose every 4 h

Case 2:
Anna, a 23 kg child, was given 15mL of
Metronidazole 123mg/5mL 3x a day
because she was diagnosed with intestinal
amoebiasis, what is the actual dose given
to Anna? (RD: 35-50 mg/kg/day)
a. 45 mg/kg.day
b. 49 mg/kg/day
c. 65 mg/kg/day
d. 35 mg/kg/day
Case 3:
Randy is having a toothache and was
prescribed with Ibuprofen 200mg/5mL
every 6 hours for pain. Compute for the
amount of Ibuprofen at 10mg/kg/dose to
be given to Randy. He weighs 20kgs.
a. 20 mL every 6 h
b. 4 mL every 6 h
c. 5 mL every 6 h
d. 10 mL every 6 h

EXAMPLE OF DRUGS GIVEN PER DOSE • HOW TO CHECK THE DOSE

• Paracetamol: 10-15 mg/kg/dose q4H
• Ibuprofen: 5-10 mg/kg/dose q6H AD = Dose x Prep/Conc
• Cetirizine: 0.25 mg/kg/dose q12-24H Wt
• Salbutamol: 0.1-0.15 mg/kg/dose q8H
= mL/dose x mg/mL
Wt
COMPUTATION PER DOSE
• ORAL MEDICATION PER DAY = mg/kg/dose

Dose = RD x Wt (in kg) Example:

Prep/Conc Paracetamol 100 mg/mL, 0.5 mL/dose for a
4-kg infant
= mg/kg/dose x kg
mg/kg AD = Dose x Prep/Conc
Wt
= mL/dose = 0.5 x 100
4

Pelayo, K.A.
DRUGS & DOSAGES
Grace Angela S. Garcia, MD, DPPS, DPSAAI
20 OCT 2020
= 50 b. 750 mg every 12h
4 c. 500 mg every 12h
= 12.5 mg/kg/dose d. None of the above

Case 4: • HOW TO CHECK THE DOSE

Jacob weighs 30kg, he was given 7.5mL of Example:
Ibuprofen 200mg/5mL every 6 hours for Ampicillin 500 mg IVTT q6H
fever, what is the actual dose given to him? Wt: 12 kg
RD: 5-10mg/kg/dose every 6 h
a. 60 mg/kg/dose every 6 h AD = Dose x Frequency
b. 40 mg/kg/dose every 6 h Wt
c. 20 mg/kg/dose every 6 h = 500 mg/dose x 4 doses/day
d. 10 mg/kg/dose every 6 h 12 kg
= 2000/12
COMPUTATION FOR IV MEDS (PER DAY) = 166.67 mg/kg/day
UTATION PER DOSE
Dose = RD x Wt (in kg) Case 6:
Frequency A 25 kg child was given Cefuroxime 750mg
IV drip q8H. What is the actual dose given
= mg/kg/day x kg to this child?
# of dose per day a. 30 mg/kg/day
b. 60 mg/kg/day
= mg/dose c. 90 mg/kg/day
d. 240 mg/kg/day
Example:
Ampicillin COMPUTATION FOR IV MEDS (PER DOSE)
RD: 100-200 mg/kg/day IV q6H
Wt: 12 kg Dose = RD x Wt

Dose = RD x Wt (in kg) = mg/kg/dose x kg

Frequency
= 100mg/kg/day x 12kg = mg/dose
4
= 1200/4 Check the dose:
= 300 mg/dose, Dose (in mg) divide by weight
round off to 500mg/dose
Example:
Case 5: Ranitidine
Jessie weighs 15kgs, he was admitted and RD: 1-2 mg/kg/dose q8H
was started on Ceftriaxone IV q12H at a Wt: 12 kg
recommended dose of 100mg/kg/day.
What is his dose? Dose = RD x Wt
a. 1200 mg every 12h = 2 mg/kg/dose x 12 kg

Pelayo, K.A.
DRUGS & DOSAGES
Grace Angela S. Garcia, MD, DPPS, DPSAAI
20 OCT 2020
= 24 mg, round off to 25mg every 8h Answers for cases:
1. C. 3.8 mL 3x a day
Dose = RD x Wt (in kg) ÷ Frequency
Check the dose: Preparation
25/12 kg = 2mg = 30mg/kg/day x 19 kg ÷ 3
50 mg/mL
= 3.8 mL, 3x a day
HOW TO WRITE A PRESCRIPTION
2. B. 49 mg/kg/ day
AD = Dose x prep x frequency
Wt
= 15mL x 125mg/5mL x 3
23 kg
= 48.9 mg/kg/day, round off to 49

3. C. 5 ml every 6h
Dose = RD x Wt (in kg)
Prep/Conc
= 10mg/kg/dose x 20 kg
200mg/5mL
= 200
40
= 5 mL every 6h

4. D. 10 mg/kg/dose every 6 h
AD = Dose x prep
Wt
= 7.5 mL x 200/5mL
30 kg
= 7.5 mL x 40mg/mL
30 kg
= 10 mg/kg/dose every 6 h

5. B. 750 mg every 12h

Dose = RD x Wt (in kg)
Frequency
= 100mg/kg/day x 15kg
2
= 1500/2
= 750 mg every 12h

6. C. 90 mg/kg/day
AD = Dose x Frequency
Wt
= 750 mg/dose x 3 doses/day
25 kg
= 2250/25
= 90 mg/kg/day

“Cure sometimes, treat often, comfort

always.” -Hippocrates

Pelayo, K.A.