Occidental Mindoro State College

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

PRINCIPLES OF AGRICULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND MARKETING

2nd Semester AY 2022-2023

CASE STUDY
Farming! For trading or for consumption?

Submitted by:
Comilang, Jerson
Morales, Angelo
Besana, Ezekiel
Javier, Patrick
Prado, Keijie
Section A

Submitted to:
Office of Campus Dean

Submitted on March 29, 2023

INTRODUCTION
Farming is the backbone of every economy. Human race relies in farming since they discovered
that a thing that can suppress their hunger is in the hand of farming. Raising livestock animals or
cultivating farmlands is attached to the name of farming. Agriculture is a general term which
farming belongs and this is the sector that the nation needs to improve to maximize its potential
and its ability to develop the economy. Farming is a typical job of some individuals whose
involve in farming activities. They are peasants that relies on farming for the sake of their
survival regardless whether they are growing crops or raising animals. Many farmers engaged in
farming on behalf of their different reasons, some engaged in farming for profits and some is for
private need. On this study, we will know what the respondents replied if their products are for
trading or for home consumption. In five interviewees, we’ll know the responds of majority.

PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY

This output conducted to gain insights about the positions of some farmers regarding the end
point of their agricultural products. Also, this study was done to know the situations of some
farmers before, during and after their cropping. It is focus on what is the main destination of their
commodities.

DISCUSSION
First Interviewee : Luckily, our mate has a neighbor who have agricultural land. We didn’t
spent so much time to seek responders far away. He is a lone farmer who manage his land near in
his home, Yawi Yawi 1, Murtha. He is Ryan Yadao, 38 year old, has three children and currently
he manage his land about almost 15 years. His land measured about 0.7 hectare and onion is his
main crop. After we got his identity and consent we started to asked him the assigned questions.
We asked him where is the source of his inputs. He replied that his seeds, fertilizers, pesticides
and other inputs is usually come from the nearest store in his farm, the store of SAGANA. He
bought seeds that ranges 2400 pesos per can. His fertilizer, Complete 14, is about 2300 pesos per
15 bags. And his pesticide called Pulsar is about 600 pesos. He irrigate his onion farm lightly to
maintain optimum soil moisture for proper growth and bulb development. He added that he used
pesticide, Movento, to eradicate onion thrips. He also spray fungicide to restraint leaf blight. He
encountered challenges in onion farming like when the severe storm with high wind injured his
crop. Recently, when onion price got high in the market he suddenly harvest his crop even it’s
not fully matured just to achieved the opportunity lurking. And luckily he earned his expected
price. Productive is the only word he can describe to himself because he gives his best to
accomplish his tasks and achieves the required time. During post-harvest, he harvests his crop
manually. His yield is almost ended for marketing and only one red bag or what they call reject
onions is for his own consumption. His final product is formed and closeted in red bags. He
typically sells his yield to a buyer from Nueva Ecija and prices it 55 pesos per kilo. He shared
that sometimes he experienced lack of buyer due to many competitors.

Second Interviewee : After we gathered our first data we decided to go to the landlord of one of
our groupmate who owns vast farmland. While we are walking we saw a woman sitting under
the tree and we asked her if she is farmer and we got our desired answer. She holds a notebook
containing the wages of her farm workers. She was writing something in that book and we
thought that is all about the earnings and expenses of her crop. We informed her that we want to
conduct a brief interview and she said yes. We asked questions while she still busy writing
something inside her note. Her name is Julien Glones, 35 year old, has five children and almost
10 years from now since she devoted herself in farming. She owns 2 hectares of farmland and
palay is her main crop. She said that her seeds, fertilizers and other inputs is coming from two
different suppliers. Her seed was supplied by her supplier, Conchita de Malaluan, and her
fertilizers and other inputs was came from what she called Mr. Louie Villanada. She said that she
bought seeds that worth of 1500 per 15 bags while fertilizer , Complete 14 is worth of 2100 per
30 bags. In management practices, she ensures that her rice field is well prepared so that the soil
provides soft mass and ready for transplanting. She added that rice stem borers are the most
destructive pest she encountered and leaf blight is the common disease exists in her rice farming.
She also shared some circumstances when she experienced lodging, the strong typhoon made her
crop fell to the ground and caused it massive losses. Additionally, she honestly said that she can’t
still see an opportunity in rice farming for the reason that the price of her product do not improve
in the market. She said that the peasants that works in his farm are effective because their
capabilities met her standards. On the other hand, combine harvester is her companion when
post-harvest started. Her yield is worth of 18 pesos per kilogram when its fresh and ranges 22
pesos when it is dried. Almost of her yield goes to the market and only two sacks of palay left for
her family consumption. He usually sells her product to a middleman. She said that marketing is
one of the difficult stage in rice farming, sometimes buyers lower their prices especially when
the yield was wet with rain. They can’t even give their own price.

Third Interviewee : And we already found the landlord of our groupmate who has wide
agricultural land and that was far from our previous interviewee’s household. We rested in a
moment inside the small bamboo house before we asked his permission that we want to
borrowed some of his time. Not long ago we started to seek answers and asked him some
questions. He is Daryl Ortega, 54 year old, has two sons and one daughter. He manage four
hectares of farmland, onion is his crop for now and he was 20 year old since he started to hold
sickle and wore rice hat. His inputs like fertilizers, seeds and others that usually worth of 2000
pesos is came from a large store from the hometown (he didn’t mentioned where exactly it is).
Regarding management practices, recently due to frequent rains he sprayed fungicide to his crop.
Armyworms and leaf blight disease are the common hindrance to the development of his crop, he
added. He said that he didn’t encountered serious problem in onion farming except in his past
cropping when the price was extremely low. Since he has a capital, he saw that opportunity to
keep his yield to the storage facility and sell it when the market price increased. He said that he
and his laborers are productive for the reason that every results are good. Manual harvesting is
his common post-harvest practices and sometimes his tenants serve as laborers. Most of his yield
ended in the market and other poor quality onions is for home consumption. Often, his buyer is a
middleman from other province. He releases his onion yield from storage facility and sell it
according to the deal or offer of the said buyer. Currently, the price of onion per kilogram is 52
pesos and he is planning to store his future yield and wait the price to increase. Sometimes, the
debt in storage facility increases and he confused how to pay it. But he thanked God that he
surpassed that difficulty.

Fourth Interviewee : Nearby, we saw a young man going to his farm. We asked him if we can
get some minute of his time. His name is Ryan Colobong from Yawi-yawi 1, Murtha, he is 27
year old and manage 1.5 hectare farm. He is a peasant for almost 8 years and his farmland is
from the heritage of his grandfather. For now, he focuses on onion farming and only few days
awaits to harvest it. We asked him what are the inputs he used and where it came from. He said
that fertilizer like organic fertilizer that worth of 1400 per sack is consistently come from
SAGANA store nearer than other stores. His seeds was came from what he said the Malaluan
store. He practice spraying nitrogen fertilizer like ammonium nitrate for the growth of his onion
crop. Armyworms are the most worst pest and leaf blight is the common disease he encountered
in his farming. There was a time when he experience a challenge that armyworms partially wiped
out his onion crop. In past cropping, he thought that higher price of onion will give him nice
opportunity and luckily he got what he wanted. He said that he is efficient regarding time
management because he works faster than the expected time and he thinks that he is absolutely
productive. On the other hand, during harvesting he does it manually with the help of his friends
and relatives. Every time he harvests, his yield will go to the market and only poor quality onions
left. His buyer is whoever who wants to buy his product, he do not have loyal buyer. He hopes
that the onion price do not get extremely low until he harvest his crop. He expecting that he can
sell his onion at least 55-60 pesos per kilogram. Lack of equal price in onion is the main problem
of him in marketing.
 Fifth Interviewee : And last, we walked a little bit far from our prior visited place. We saw a
stock house full of red bags of onion and knocked its front gate. A man with an age of mid 50’s
got outside to entertain us, he asked us what’s our intention and after he let us to enter inside his
house and that was the sign of his permission. We asked him that we’re going to conduct an brief
interview and we immediately followed certain questions. His name is Danilo Mansayao, 54 year
old married man from Yawi-yawi 1, Murtha and has 2 hectares of farmland. He added that his
farm is just a mortgage and until now for almost 4 years the real owner doesn’t have advice if
they still wanted to redeem the farm. We are right that onion is the main crop of him. He said
that his fertilizer either organic or not are from his supplier in town and his seeds and pesticides
and other inputs are typically coming from his nephew’s supplier. His inputs is worth of 1400
pesos like fertilizers and pesticide ranges between 1500-1700 pesos. He sanitize his farm
regularly to prevent or control onion maggots. He said that his productively level is definitely
high for the reason that every tasks was accomplished perfectly. He go to the farm earlier than
what we thought to manage his crop. During post harvest, he hired laborers and they doing it
manually. The whole portion of his yield is extremely for marketing and the residues like
rejected onions will left to his home and sometimes will be given to his neighbors and friends.
His buyer is from Oriental Mindoro and they buy it according to market price. He harvested his
crop last few days and he expected that they will buy his onion 55 pesos per kilogram. In
marketing, sometimes the lower price of onion is the major obstacle for the farmers to continue
farming.
For Home consumption
RESULT For Marketing

Yield

FARMER 1

4
Quantity

5
1 2 3 4

CONCLUSION
Regarding in our gathered data, we conclude that nowadays the farmers suffers in very unfair
opportunities and becomes slave by middlemen who controls marketing. We realized that
farmers can’t even produce large portions of their yield and can’t give themselves the lavish life
they desired. They can’t even provide their home the good quality yield needed for their
consumption instead they suffers from poor quality left overs. Still, farmers can’t experience
excess production with good marketing prices favored for them. We conclude that farmers’
situations must get too much intervention and benefits from the government because it will
contributes the country’s development. We gathered data details that farmers typically sells their
yield into the market and they do not care if they have something to get as own consumption.
Their mindset is to convert the yield into their target goal, money.

RECOMMENDATIONS
The government must implement more laws that will promote, process and market the farmer’s
products more efficient. Also, the government should build facilities that will make farming
activities easier and productive. We do not even have drying facilities. They can provide cash
assistance, subsidies or loans for starting. And consumers must patronize the own farmer’s
products to convince them that we support them and we do not let farming vanish in our country.

REFERENCES
https://www.landbank.com/loans/loans-to-farmers-fishers/for-farmers#:~:text=The
%20LANDBANK%20Agricultural%20and%20Fisheries,to%20finance%20their
%20economic%20activities
https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-11-
100#:~:text=A%20case%20study%20is%20a,particularly%20in%20the%20social
%20sciences
https://www.da.gov.ph/mandate/#:~:text=The%20Department%20is%20the
%20government,and%20export%2Doriented%20business%20enterprises.
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/farming#:~:text=Farming%20is%20the%20act
%20or,are%20in%20the%20agriculture%20industry
DOCUMENTATION