Chapter1 3

Capitol University
Senior High School

Corrales Ext. St., Cagayan de Oro City
Knowledge Level of Middle and Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate
Maritime and HUMSS Criminology Students on Sexual Health Education
in a Private Non-Sectarian Institution
By:
Biola, Althea D.
Caare, Isaleah B.
Lugar, Myrine
Luis, Gian Matteo Fernan L.
Macapundag, Jeri Carmen Marie G.
Zurita, Rishi Rayland A.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
i. Acknowledgement
ii. Approval Sheet
iii. Abstract of the Study
iv. Research Instrument
v. Communication Letter
vi. Documentation
vii. Researchers’ Curriculum Vitae
Chapter I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
1.2 Theoretical Framework
1.3 Conceptual Framework
1.4 Statement of the Problem
1.5 Research Objective
1.6 Significant of the Study
1.7 Scope and Limitation
1.8 Definition of Terms
Chapter II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Chapter III. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design

3.2 Research Respondents
3.3 Research Locale
3.4 Sampling Technique
3.5 Research Instrument
3.6 Data Gathering Procedure
3.7 Statistical Treatment
3.8 Research Parameter
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for His
showers of blessings throughout our research and its successful completion.
The researchers would also like to express our deep and sincere gratitude
to our research adviser, for providing us invaluable supervision, support, and
tutelage during our research study. We would also like to thank him for his
empathy, patience, and knowledge that he imparts unto us. It was a great
privilege and honor to work and study under his guidance.
The researchers’ gratitude also extends to Capitol University for giving us
this learning opportunity that helped us develop valuable life lessons of
patience perseverance, teamwork, resilience, cooperation, and most of all, the
endless pursuit of knowledge. Also, to the senior high teachers who have given
their consent for the full participation of the grade 12 Pre-Baccalaureate
Maritime and HUMSS Criminology students. Without their help, our research
paper would not be possible. Our thanks and appreciations also go to our
respondents who willingly helped with their full cooperation which has made
the research study achieve its smooth completion.
Last but not the least, to our dearest parents for their deep consideration
for the finances and undying support throughout the making of the research
study. As well as for their words of encouragement to all those nights that
we’ve spent making the research study.
The Researchers
APPROVAL SHEET
APPROVAL SHEET
This research paper entitled “Students’ Perception on the Disaster Preparedness
of a
Private Institution in Cagayan de Oro City” prepared and submitted by Howell
Gorgolon, Alysha Mae Cabugsa, Ivy Grace Malacaya, Nikka Salan, Crisem Kyth
Barbado, Judy Abiva, and Jude Roxas, in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for
the Practical Research 02 has been examined and recommended for acceptance
and
approval for oral examination.

ABSTRACT OF THE STUDY
This study was conducted to determine the Knowledge Level of Middle
and Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology
Students on Sexual Health Education respondents enrolled in the selected
Private Non-Sectarian Institution at Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. An
adopted survey questionnaire was the main instrument in gathering the data
used in answering the research problems and in testing the hypothesis. The
questionnaires were distributed to Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS
Criminology Students. A total of 99 samples were the respondents of the study.
They were chosen using random sampling techniques. Thereafter the raw data
were encoded and statistically treated for analyses and interpretation to find
answers to the research problems and test the hypotheses. The assessment of
the respondents was quantified using the weighted mean.
Index Terms: Knowledge Level, Sexual Health, Middle and Late Adolescence.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
In this study, the researchers used a survey questionnaire with two (2)
parts to get the appropriate data needed. Part I is about the Personal Data of
the respondents. The researchers made the tool for profiling; it determines
their strand and gender.
Part II consists of four (4) sub-topics: Gender identity, Self-Protection
Education, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Sex Prevention. Each sub-topic
consists of five (5) statements. The researchers used Likert Scale Method in the
survey questionnaire. This tool determined the knowledge level of Middle and
Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology
Students on Sexual Health Education in a Private Non-Sectarian Institution.

COMMUNICATION LETTER
March 30, 2023
Amor Q. de Torres, PhD

Vice President for Academic Affairs
Capitol University
Dear Ma’am:
The researchers are currently conducting a study entitled “Knowledge Level of

Middle and Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS
Criminology Students on Sexual Health Education in a Private Non-Sectarian
Institution” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course Inquiries,
Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, the undersigned respectfully seek permission to solicit some

vital information from the Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS
Criminology Students of your school. The process of data collection will only
take an approximate 10-15 minutes of their time. The data and result of this
study will be treated with strict confidentiality and will be used for educational
purposes only.
Thank you very much in anticipation of your favorable approval and support.
Respectfully yours,
ALTHEA D. BIOLA ISALEAH B. CAARE

MYRINE LUGAR
GIANMATTEO FERNAN L. LUIS
JERI CARMEN MARIE G. MACAPUNDAG RISHI RAYLAND A.
ZURITA
Researchers
Noted:
Erwin B. Langam
Research Paper Adviser
Approved:
Amor Q. de Torres, PhD

Vice President for Academic Affairs
Capitol University
DOCUMENTATION
RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE
ALTHEA D. BIOLA
Address: Bobontugan, Jasaan, Misamis Oriental
Contact Number: 09263996992
E-mail Address: 2079880@g.cu.edu.ph
PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth: May 17, 2005 Father’s Name: Marlon L. Biola

Religion: Roman Catholic Sex: Female
Mother’s Name: Ediltha D. Biola Height and Weight: 5’2, 56 kg
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary School Bobontugan Elementary School

Zone 6, Bobontugan, Jasaan Misamis Oriental
June 2011 - April 2017
Junior High School St. Mary’s Academy of Jasaan
Zone 9, Upper Jasaan, Jasaan, Misamis Oriental
June 2017 - March 2021
Senior High School Capitol University

Corrales- Osmeña Extension, Cagayan de Oro City
August 2021 - June 2022
Awards and Achievements:

Consistent Honor Student (Grade 1-6, BES)
Second Honor (Grade 11, CU)
ISALEAH B. CAARE
Address: Tablon, Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental
PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth: July 8, 2004 Father’s Name: Jessie Rey O. Caare

Mother’s Name: Marissa B. Caare Height and Weight: 5’4, 51 kg
Elementary School Tablon Elementary School

Zone 1, Tablon, Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental
June 2011 - April 2016
Junior High School Tablon National High School
Zone 1-A, Tablon, Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental
June 2016 - March 2021

Corrales-Osmeña Extension, Cagayan de Oro City
August 2021 – Present
Awards and Achievements:

Consistent Honor Student (Grade 1-6, TES)
First Honor (Grade 11, CU)
MYRINE LUGAR
Address: Zone 4, Gaston, Lagonglong,
Misamis Oriental
Contact Number: 0943 2790 875
PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth: July 19, 2005 Father’s Name: N/A

Mother’s Name: Arlene L. Gardonez Height and Weight: 5’0, 59 kg
Elementary School Gaston Elementary School
Gaston, Lagonglong, Misamis Oriental
June 2011 – March 2017

Junior High School St. John the Baptist High School
Poblacion, Lagonglong, Misamis Orientall
Corrales-Osmena Ext., Cagayan de Oro City
August 2021 – June 2022
Awards & Achievements:
With Honor (Grade 7 ,8, 10)
With High Honor (Grade 9)
1st Honor, CUSHS
GIANMATTEO FERNAN L. LUIS
Address: Poblacion 3, Villanuevea,
Misamis Oriental
PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth: April 30, 2005 Father’s Name: N/A

Religion: Born Again Sex: Male
Mother’s Name: Riojean L. Suaiban Height and Weight: 5’6, 55 kg
Elementary School Liberty Christian School
Katipunan, Villanueva, Misamis Oriental

Junior High School Villanueva National High School
Villanueva, Misamis Oriental
With Honor (Grade 7-8)
JERI CARMEN MARIE G. MACAPUNDAG
Address: Zone 5, Bobontugan, Jasaan, Misamis
Oriental
PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth: April 30, 2005 Father’s Name: N/A

Religion: Born Again Sex: Male
Mother’s Name: Riojean L. Suaiban Height and Weight: 5’6, 55 kg
Elementary School Liberty Christian School
Katipunan, Villanueva, Misamis Oriental

Junior High School Villanueva National High School
Villanueva, Misamis Oriental
Acolytes Award (Grade 8, 9, 10)
Drum and Lyre Corps
2nd Honor (Grade 11)
RISHI RAYLAND A. ZURITA
Address: Zone 5, Acacia St., Tablon, Cagayan
de Oro City
PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth: August 7, 2004 Father’s Name: Romland M. Zurita

Religion: Roman Catholic Sex: Male
Mother’s Name: Coronacion A. Height and Weight: 5’6, 55 kg
Zurita
Elementary School Sacred Heart Academy of Bugo

Reyes Village, Bugo, Cagayan de Oro City
Junior High School Saint Mary’s Academy of Tagoloan
Poblacion, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental
With Honors Grade 11
CHAPTER I
1.1. INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Adolescence is one of life's most complex stages, when young people take
on new responsibilities and experiment with independence. When engaged and
supported, adolescents thrive and contribute to communities and families.
When encouraged, they have the potential to change negative social norms and
pave a brighter future for themselves and their future families. According to the
World Health Organization, there are currently around 1.2 billion teenagers
totaling one-sixth of the global population living in the globe today, regarded as
great resources for socio-economic development of countries. Adolescence is a

life period characterized by physical and hormonal changes that might lead to
sexual maturation and fertility. Yet as adolescents around the world enter
puberty, taboos, discomfort, and fear prevent parents and other trusted adults
from teaching relevant information to help adolescents navigate the
complexities of their emerging sexuality. These modifications also render them
susceptible to risks. Today, sexual, and reproductive health issues, such as
unintended pregnancies, infections with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS), and hepatitis, are among the leading causes of adolescent mortality
worldwide. The prevention of most of these deaths justifies the adoption of
significant measures to enhance adolescent health worldwide, including in the
Philippines. It should be acknowledged that adolescence is a time when
individuals can be aided in realizing their full potential, making educated
decisions about their sexual and reproductive health, and being protected from
connected disorders. Families, schools, and communities may encounter
difficulties discussing sexual and reproductive matters. In many poor nations,
negative attitudes toward sexual health education, ineffective communication
skills, inadequate teaching materials, and a lack of parental and educator
awareness have impeded teenagers’ access to fundamental knowledge in this
area.
Consequently, adolescents engage in sexual activity, followed by
sexually transmitted diseases or unintended pregnancies. In terms of sexual
health education, there is also evidence that boys are treated with less respect.
Teenage boys and young men have frequently been overlooked, they represent
half of the issue and half of the solution. According to the Department of
Health in the Philippines, 874 confirmed HIV-positive people were reported to
the HIV/AIDS & ART Registry of the Philippines (HARP) in January 2022,
contributing to the total number of reported cases (95,212) since January
1984.
1.2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This study is related to Stephan Mueller's psychological sex education
symbolic theory, in which he states that what society says and does, affects the
integrity of young people. The individual's actions affect the understanding of
the social world in which they live. This theory explains that adolescents do
what they are vulnerable to do. It accentuates that people follow what they
have seen through others that they think is appropriate. (Mueller, 2018). This
theory relates to our research regarding the fact that our research is about
collecting data about the perception of students, which relates to the use of
knowledge regarding sexual health education.

Basic knowledge of morality begins at home. Children that are the
offspring of young parents are less educated about open issues due to their
parents' low level of educational attainment. Teenage parents have lower
chances of finishing their degrees. Lack of expanded knowledge to pass on to
their children. Young people at the age range of 12-18 years old receive sex
education from multiple sources. Religious institutions were commonly
reported in 2015–2018 as a source of sex education, but they rarely offered
comprehensive information. Sexual health education can be obtained first at
home, in religious institutions, schools, and community settings.
Dicenso (2018) stated that the primary goal of sex education is to inform
and guide youth in making informed life decisions. Young people are at risk for
misinformation, poverty, STDs, and unintended pregnancies due to the lack of
comprehensive sexual health education. Implementing sexual health education
in schools will help the students be guided and prevent them from
encountering these types of inconveniences in the future.

1.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
“Knowledge Level of Middle and Late Adolescence of Pre-Baccalaureate
Maritime and HUMSS Criminology Students on Sexual Health Education in a
Private Non-Sectarian Institute”

Output
Input Process
Demographic profile of
respondents: Secure letter of approval
1.1 Gender from schools’ Knowledge Level of
1.2 Section administration for data Middle and Late
1.3 Strand
gathering.
Knowledge Level of Middle Adolescence Pre-
and Late Adolescence
Administer data Baccalaureate Maritime
Pre-Baccalaureate
Maritime and HUMSS on collection using self- and HUMSS Criminology
Sexual Health Education. formulated survey
Students on Sexual
In terms of: questionnaires.
2.1 Gender Identity Health Education in a
2.2 Sex Protection Gather data from the Private Non-Sectarian
Education
respondents. Institution
2.3 Sexually
Transmitted Disease
2.4 Sex Prevention
Implication of the
demographic profile of the
respondents to the
knowledge level on Sex
Education.
The figure shows the conceptual framework of the study Knowledge
Level of Middle and Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS
Criminology Students on Sexual Health Education in a Private Non-Sectarian
Institute.
Input
The input phase or the gathering of personal information and opinion
stage consists of the demographic profile of respondents, knowledge about

sexual health, and the comparison of knowledge levels in sexual health
education.
Process
The process phase, or the requirements and stages the researchers need
to perform and accomplish to be legally permitted and to proceed with their
research study.
Outputs
The final product of the study is the knowledge level of Middle and Late
Adolescence of Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology students
and the average level of awareness a student should perceive in Sexual Health
Education. Implementation of awareness in Sexual Health Education is highly
encouraged.
1.4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study was conducted by the researchers to attempt to assess the
Knowledge Level of Middle and Late Adolescents of Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime
and HUMSS Criminology Students on Sexual Health Education in a Private
Non-Sectarian Institute. This study seeks to address a multitude of issues in

the modern world, primarily focusing on high rates of teen pregnancy, and the
rise of HIV.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following research questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of grade 12 Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime
and HUMSS Criminology students on Sexual Health Education in terms
of:
1.1 Gender
1.2 Section
1.3 Strand
2. What is the knowledge level of middle and late adolescence Pre-
Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS on Sexual Health Education. In
terms of:
2.1 Gender identity
2.2 Sex Protection Education
2.3 Sexually Transmitted Disease
2.4 Sex Prevention
3. What is the implication of the demographic profile of the respondents to
the knowledge level on Sex Education?

1.5. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The objective of this research is to know the knowledge level of Middle
and Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology

students about sexual health education. The objective of this research will be
to explore and critically analyze important studies on the topic of school-based
sex education. Unintended pregnancies, and sexually transmitted illnesses like
HIV, and AIDS, are some of the risks connected with unsafe sex that can be
taught. It is important to educate the students so that they can arm
themselves with knowledge and be better prepared. The objective of this study
is the following:
 To determine the demographic profile of grade 12 Pre-Baccalaureate
Maritime and HUMSS Criminology research study respondents in terms
of their Gender, and Section and Strand
 To recognize the knowledge level of Middle and Late Pre-Baccalaureate
Maritime and HUMSS Criminology students on sexual health education.
 To recognize what is the implication of the demographic profile of the
respondents to the knowledge level on Sex Education.
1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study was conducted inside the Capitol University School premises
to know the knowledge level of Middle and Late Adolescence Pre -
Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS criminology Students about Sexual
Health Education. Also, to perceive and let the students understand the issues
of sexual health education circulating in the country.
The researchers
This study adds knowledge to the thoughts or perceptions of the students
gathered by the researchers resulting in more information about the topic that
made this research paper relevant and helped aspiring researchers gain
knowledge and ideas for their research papers when conducting a similar
issue.
The readers
This paper was intended to spread a message and awareness to the
readers to be open-minded and to broaden their thoughts and opinions about
the issues of sexual health education in the Country, the lack of knowledge
among teens and pre-adult people about safe sex practices, and the absence of
some schools to educate students about sex education.
The students
This study helped the students to be aware of sexual health education
issues so that problems related to sex education will be lessened soon.
The Teachers, Staff, and Higher-ups

This study was beneficial to the teachers and higher-ups inside the
school because it gave them the idea to propose an optional subject that can
benefit the learners, especially the Grade 12 Senior High School Students.
1.7. SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study focused on the Knowledge Level of Middle and Late
Adolescence Grade 12 Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology
Students on Sexual Health Education in a Private, Non-Sectarian Institution.
Recent research and studies related to the topic was used as a reference for
this study as the source of information. This study's primary focus was the
students' views and responses to questions about sexual health education. The
research is descriptive, and the researcher didn’t delve further into how to
assess students' understanding of sexual health education issues. The primary
weakness of this research was there's a limited amount of information. We only
included the co-educational school; hence it cannot be generalized to all
adolescence schools because sex education is a sensitive subject, and we
cannot guarantee that the answers will be truthful.
1.8. DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are defined for the purpose of this study:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). A virus that attacks cells that
help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other
infections and diseases. (HIV.gov, 2022)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Infections that are passed from
one person to another through sexual contact. The contact is usually vaginal,
oral, or anal sex. (Medline Plus, 2021)
Sexual Health Education- Sex education involves teaching young people
how to talk about and make decisions about sex and their sexual health as well
as providing information about body development, sex, sexuality, and
relationships.
Middle Adolescence and Late Adolescence – Ages fifteen (15) to seventeen
(17); and late adolescence, ages eighteen (18) to twenty-one (21).
Gender Identity - Gender identity is the personal sense of one's own gender.
Gender identity can correlate with a person's assigned sex or can differ from it.
In most individuals, the various biological determinants of sex are congruent,
and consistent with the individual's gender identity.

CHAPTER II.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The review of literature for this study focuses on sexual health education
issues being tackled around the globe. This study will give the knowledge level
of Middle and Late Adolescents Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS
Criminology students on sexual health education. In this contemporary world,
sexual health education is a topic that is being avoided much in the public.
Much of the people, children, young adults, and teens are becoming exposed
without a proper orientation of sex Weksler (2021). Wilson (2019) said that
communication is the key that young people must use to express themselves in
the right way. As Michael (2022) stated, sex education began to be taught in
school as an initiative to stop the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Also,
its objectives are to help the young generation to have a healthy relationship as
they may choose to abstain or practice responsible sexual behavior. (Forrest,
Strange, Oakley, and the RIPPLE team, p. 200). But this is not the case. Some
schools are not teaching or informing their students about sexual health
education. Some of it lacks teaching which results in ignorance. Being exposed
so easily without knowing the consequences of it is the problem. They lack
assistance in terms of sex. Students or teens began to read about articles that
having sex is healthy or can benefit them, on the other hand, it says, prevent
sex to avoid pregnancies and contracting diseases. This will result in their
confusion of beliefs and end up trying it. Sexual education comes in. In sexual
health, facts should be stated, and biased words are not welcome. Not only
schools but in the house. Education begins inside the house and parents are
responsible to teach their children such manners, traits, attitudes, and other
life or school related purposes. Since parents are the closest people to their
children and can transmit sources with authority (Swan 2013). Parents should
be open minded to such topics and not avoid topics such as sex that can make
their children ignorant. Parents who avoid sex-related topics will make their
children do such things without being aware of the consequences. Children
exposed to knowledge they have discovered without the guidance of their
parents about sex, they will start experimenting young, this will result in
unwanted pregnancies. Therefore, communication and proper education is
important to younger generations or students because of technology, they are
highly exposed to such topics without the basic knowledge of it.
This study aims to; recognize the knowledge level of Middle and Late
Adolescents Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology students on
sexual health education, to assess the problems and issues of sex education in
the Philippines, and to quantify the advantages of introducing Sexual Health
Education in Middle and Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and
HUMSS Criminology.
According to (Diaz & Fiel, 2019), their study concluded that the
respondents who become pregnant between the ages of 11 - 14 are more
disadvantaged than other respondents in terms of their characteristics,

parental influence and home environment, contextual factors, and socio-
demographic background. They also have different attitudes and behaviors
regarding fertility. Pregnant teenagers also have significantly poorer
educational performance and wages than young adults in the same study.
Mainly, behavior issues and criminality were more prevalent among pregnant
teenagers, and they also had lower self-worth, academic prowess, risk aversion,
and educational expectations for their offspring. It's stated that at home, kids
had less mental and emotional stimulation, shared fewer significant life events
with their parents, & Fiel, 2019). Students in the traditional teaching method
group were subjected to reduced expectations for their future. (Diaz appeared
to be more satisfied with their teaching approach to imparting sexual health
knowledge. (Haruna, 2018). Although all students agreed that the three
teaching methods could be used to teach sexual and reproductive health
issues, their perspectives on their effectiveness differed, with one participant in
the gamification condition reporting that “it is easy to understand and catch-up
learning”. These findings support the use of gamification teaching methods to
effectively deliver and improve adolescents' sexual health knowledge, as stated
(Haruna, 2018). In the findings of different studies, teenagers should be
taught about healthy relationships, birth control options, and sexual
development. Additionally, it must discuss abortion in detail and provide
examples from real life. Young people will receive sufficient concepts from this
material to help them make wise decisions in their life. According to A Review
of Psychological Theories That Underlie Sex Education. (n.d). Sex education is

administered by the parents, guardians, society learning institutions and
young people themselves. They must work together to influence the youths
positively by encouraging what is morally accepted. (Hayek, 2020) Since
children who receive sexual health education are less likely to engage in risky
sexual activities. If a youth chooses to remain sexually active then they should
use contraceptives and protection (pills, condoms) to prevent STDs, and
unplanned pregnancies. Dr. Randhir Kumar stated that students felt that sex
education is necessary and should be introduced in school curriculum (2019).
In which we agree because it is important for students to have knowledge
about sexual health education. Age- and sex-appropriate health education
programs can facilitate the development of healthy reproductive and sexual
behavior patterns among adolescents through the enhancement of knowledge
and development of right attitude. (Phalke, 2019)
Sexual health education programs can provide an important bridge to
local clinic services and address adolescents' concerns (Decker, 2021). Because
they are already open-minded about sexual health education, those who are
dealing with something won't be ashamed to inquire about it at the local clinics
in their area. It is better to seek professional assistance than to keep your
worries to yourself because you may not realize how serious they are at this
point. Education on sexual health should be taken seriously in all aspects.
Teenage pregnancy remains a contentious issue, depicted as everything from a
pathological problem contributing to intergenerational disadvantage to a trivial

event that diverts attention from greater barriers to attainment and mobility
(Furstenberg 2003; Geronimus 2021).
In conclusion, this literature review gives the idea that many different
factors result in the issues of sexual health education. It demonstrates that
when it comes to sexual-related issues, most young people are embarrassed to
tackle this topic, which will relate to our research about getting the perception
of grade 12 students in sexual health education. The problems with the related
literature include that it solely concentrates on providing sexual health
education in school programs while ignoring the reality that there are children
who are already impacted by the issue, resulting in poverty and the inability to
attend school, wherein our study aims to determine grade 12 students'
perception of sexual health education. We agree that establishing sexual health
education as a curriculum will also be accurate. According to the literature
review, students believe sex education is vital and should be in the school
curriculum. We agree because students must comprehend sexual health
education by implementing information and developing the proper attitude
according to their age and physical intimacy. Health education programs can
help teenagers establish healthy, reproductive, safe sexual behavior patterns,
healthy life, and a better life.

CHAPTER III.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research methods and necessary data and
information throughout the entire duration of this conducted research study.
Reasons and presentations for the research design, research locale, research
respondents, sampling technique, and data-gathering procedure are also
stated.
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
This study involved a descriptive quantitative method of research to
investigate the knowledge level of Middle and Late Adolescence Pre-
Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology students on sexual health
education. The number of cases involving sexual health education during the
past years inspired the researchers to investigate further the knowledge level of
Criminology students. Another concern is that the relevance of sexual health
education may not be that well implemented in some circumstances due to a
lack of implementation among some citizens, especially teenagers, leaving them
unable to understand the importance of sexual health education knowledge.
This research study seeks to discover and quantify the knowledge level of
Criminology students in private non-sectarian institutions that have their own
opinions on understanding sexual health education and how they understand

and cope with the issues of sexual health education. This study aims to learn
about students' perceptions of sexual health education and to investigate
whether implementing sexual health education in schools and public programs
is critical, especially now that cases involving sexual health education are on
the rise, such as teen pregnancy, HIV, and STDs. Researchers can accurately
explain quantitative data using unbiased statistics. The analysis, when done
correctly, allows researchers to make predictions and generalizations about
populations that are bigger and more general than the test sample.
3.2 RESEARCH RESPONDENTS
Figure 1. The Vicinity Map of Capitol University
https://www.google.com.ph/maps/place/Capitol+University/
The researchers selected the enrollees under the Senior High School
Program peculiarly, Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology
students at Capitol University Basic Education to participate as the
respondents of the research study. The respondents of the study are composed
of all the sections under Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology,
namely, Aquila, Boötes, Cassiopeia, Achilles, and Apollo. Those sections that
stated have a total of 119 students. Given the topic of the study, broad-minded
and mature respondents are necessary.

3.3. RESEARCH LOCALE
Cagayan de Oro is considered the melting pot of Northern Mindanao, as
people from the provinces seek greener pastures here, thus diversifying the
people who live in the city and the students who study in schools located in
Cagayan de Oro, and Capitol University is no exception to this condition.
Capitol University, formerly Cagayan Capitol College (1971-2003), is a co-
educational private academic institution located at Osmena-Corrales Ext.,
Barangay 23, Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental. It is a stock corporation
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and it works with the
Department of Education for its primary and secondary programs, besides the
Commission on Higher Education for its tertiary, graduate, and postgraduate
programs. Capitol University is a non-sectarian institution that offers courses
and programs that lead to officially recognized higher education degrees such
as bachelor's, master's, and doctorate degrees in different fields of study.
The university is segmented into colleges such as Education and Marine.
Education, Business Administration, Nursing, Engineering, Marine
Engineering, Criminology, Liberal Arts, and Computer Studies are all master
and Doctorate Degree programs that offer a variety of master's and Doctorate
Degree programs in different fields. The school opened its Senior High School
in 2016-2017, which included several tracks and strands, including the
General Academic Strand (GAS), Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics (STEM) strand, which segregated into subspecialties that fall
under the category of STEM, which is as follows: STEM-IT, STEM-Engineering,
and STEM-Nursing Aide, Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
strand, Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), and Pre-Baccalaureate
Maritime.
3.4. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
The respondents for the study were chosen using a simple probability
sampling method. Simple random sampling, as the name suggests, is a fully
random way of selecting the sample. It is as simple as assigning numbers to
the persons (sample), and then randomly choosing from those numbers
through an automated procedure. In this sampling technique, the samples are
chosen by the researchers using either the lottery system or a random number
generator/table. This sampling method typically works with a large population
and has both benefits and drawbacks.
Simple probability sampling was employed in selecting the respondents
for the study. This sampling method is as easy as assigning numbers to the
individuals (sample) and then randomly choosing from those numbers through
an automated process. Finally, the numbers that are chosen are the members
that are included in the sample. Simple random sampling, as the name
suggests, is an entirely random method of selecting the sample.
There are two ways in which researchers choose the samples in this
method of sampling: The lottery system and using number-generating
software/ random number tables. This sampling technique usually works
around a large population and has its fair share of advantages and
disadvantages as this research aims to study the knowledge level of Middle and

Students on Sexual Health Education in a Private Non-Sectarian Institution,
the targeted population would be 119 students. The said population contains
students from (5 sections) different sections of 12 Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime
and HUMSS Criminology. Of the targeted population the sample size was
determined by utilizing Slovin’s Formula:
n = N / (1 + Ne²)
where: n = sample size
N = population size
e = margin of error
n = 119 / [1 + (119) (0.5²)]
n = 119 / [1 + (119) (0.0025)]
n = 119 / (1 + 0.2975)
n = 119 / 1.2975
n = 91.71483622
n = 91
As conveyed by Slovin's formula, the sample size will be 91 students from
the Grade 12 Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology population
of 119.
3.5. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
In this study, the researchers used a survey questionnaire with two (2)
parts to get the appropriate data needed. Part I is about the Personal Data of
the respondents. The researchers made the tool for profiling; it determines
their strand and gender.
Part II consists of four (4) sub-topics: Gender identity, Self-Protection
Education, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Sex Prevention. Each sub-topic
consists of five (5) statements. The researchers used Likert Scale Method in the
survey questionnaire. This tool determined the knowledge level of Middle and
Students on Sexual Health Education in a Private Non-Sectarian Institution.

3.6. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The researchers make an unexceptional effort by formulating survey
questionnaires. The contents to be contemplated inside the questionnaire are
the names of the respondents and its sections, followed by the formulated
questions constructed by the researchers. Researchers will then make a letter
of request to survey the campus. If approved, researchers will distribute the
questionnaires using an online tool called Google Forms when given a signal. A
survey form will be distributed to the respondents to answer the survey
voluntarily with a formal letter of promise to keep their answers confidential.
The minimum number of respondents that expected is 80, and the maximum
number of respondents is 100. This questionnaire will be distributed to the
Grade 12 Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology students inside
Capitol University. The goal is to gather information about the study,
‘Knowledge Level of Middle and Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime
and HUMSS Criminology Students on Sexual Health Education in a Private
Non-Secular Institution.' The responses will be kept confidential, and they will
not share personal information with the public. The researchers will do their
very best to formulate a satisfactory conclusion to the study.

3.7. STATISTICAL TREATMENT
After the researchers collected their data, it was compiled and tabulated.
They were subjected to statistical analysis to answer the study's questions. The
mean, number of responses, and standard deviation were used as statistical
tools.
1. Mean is used to get the average or central value.
Formula:
∑X
X= X = N
Where:
X = Mean
∑ X = Sum of all scores
N = Number of cases
2. Number of responses is the actual number of respondents that
answered the survey.
3. Standard deviation provides insight into how much variation there is
within a group of values.

Formula:
√ ∑ ( X −M 2)
N −1
Where:
X = The individual score
M = The mean of the sample
N = The sample size

3.8. RESEARCH PARAMETER
(2.1.1, 2, 3, 4, & 5) (2.2.4,) (2. 3. 2 &3) (2.4. 1, 2, 3, & 5)
Range Description Interpretation

4.3 - 5.0 Strongly Agree Very Knowledgeable
3.5 - 4.2 Agree Knowledgeable
2.7 - 3.4 Neutral Neutral
1.9 - 2.6 Disagree Somewhat Poor
1.0 - 0.8 Strongly Disagree Not Poor
(2. 2. 1, 2, 3 & 5) ( 2.3. 1, 4, & 5) (2.4. 4)
Range Description Interpretation
4.3 - 5.0 Strongly Agree Very Knowledgeable
3.5 - 4.2 Agree Knowledgeable
2.7 - 3.4 Neutral Neutral
1.9 - 2.6 Disagree Somewhat Knowledgeable
1.0 - 0.8 Strongly Disagree Not Knowledgeable

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Capitol University

Senior High School

Knowledge Level of Middle and Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate

Maritime and HUMSS Criminology Students on Sexual Health Education

in a Private Non-Sectarian Institution

Luis, Gian Matteo Fernan L.

Macapundag, Jeri Carmen Marie G.

Zurita, Rishi Rayland A.

ii. Approval Sheet

iii. Abstract of the Study

iv. Research Instrument

vii. Researchers’ Curriculum Vitae

1.1 Background of Study

1.2 Theoretical Framework

1.3 Conceptual Framework

1.4 Statement of the Problem

1.5 Research Objective

1.6 Significant of the Study

1.7 Scope and Limitation

1.8 Definition of Terms

Chapter II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Chapter III. METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

3.3 Research Locale

3.4 Sampling Technique

3.5 Research Instrument

3.6 Data Gathering Procedure

3.7 Statistical Treatment

3.8 Research Parameter

showers of blessings throughout our research and its successful completion.

to our research adviser, for providing us invaluable supervision, support, and

privilege and honor to work and study under his guidance.

The researchers’ gratitude also extends to Capitol University for giving us

this learning opportunity that helped us develop valuable life lessons of

patience perseverance, teamwork, resilience, cooperation, and most of all, the

their consent for the full participation of the grade 12 Pre-Baccalaureate

the research study achieve its smooth completion.

we’ve spent making the research study.

This research paper entitled “Students’ Perception on the Disaster Preparedness

approval for oral examination.

This study was conducted to determine the Knowledge Level of Middle

and Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology

Students on Sexual Health Education respondents enrolled in the selected

Private Non-Sectarian Institution at Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. An

questionnaires were distributed to Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS

Criminology Students. A total of 99 samples were the respondents of the study.

the respondents was quantified using the weighted mean.

their strand and gender.

Part II consists of four (4) sub-topics: Gender identity, Self-Protection

Education, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Sex Prevention. Each sub-topic

Late Adolescence Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime and HUMSS Criminology

Students on Sexual Health Education in a Private Non-Sectarian Institution.

March 30, 2023

Amor Q. de Torres, PhD

The researchers are currently conducting a study entitled “Knowledge Level of

In this regard, the undersigned respectfully seek permission to solicit some

ALTHEA D. BIOLA ISALEAH B. CAARE

Amor Q. de Torres, PhD

Address: Bobontugan, Jasaan, Misamis Oriental

Contact Number: 09263996992

E-mail Address: 2079880@g.cu.edu.ph

Date of Birth: May 17, 2005 Father’s Name: Marlon L. Biola

Elementary School Bobontugan Elementary School