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CHILD LABOR IN BARANGAY BANGKEROHAN,

CATARMAN, NORTHERN SAMAR

CATHY M. CULA
ERIKA C. HERNANDEZ

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

College of Arts and Communication
University of Eastern Philippines
University Town, Northern Samar

2022
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Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES
University Town, Northern Samar
Web: uep.edu.ph Email:uepsofficial@gmail.com

COLLLEGE OF ARTS AND COMMUNICATION

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis titled CHILD LABOR IN BARANGAY BANGKEROHAN,

CATARMAN NORTHERN SAMAR prepared and submitted by CATHY M.
CULA and ERIKA C. HERNANDEZ in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
CRIMINOLOGY is hereby recommended for acceptance and
approval.

JOY E. PRESADO, DPA JOY F. LORETO, MCJ

Research Professor Research Adviser
Date: _______________ Date:__________________

Recommended for acceptance and approval:

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

JOSE E. GABON, JR., DCJE

Chairman
Date: ______________

LOURDES A. OLMEDO, AB, PBET AVILA C. EREVERA, MAED

Member Member
Date: _____________ Date: ________________

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the degree BARCHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
CRIMINOLOGY.

JOSE E. GABON, JR, DCJE

Chair, Criminology Dep’t
Date: ________________

MARIA ALFE G. BANAWIS, DALL

Dean, College of Arts and Communication
Date: ________________
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The researcher, Cathy Moreno

Cula, was born on February 18, 1999

and is living in Barangay

Bangkerohan, Catarman Northern Samar

as a third child among the eight

children of Jerry Siago Cula,

private employee and Myla Moreno Cula, a business woman.

She took her primary education at Alegria Elementary

School in 2012 and finished her junior high school Galutan

National High School in 2016. She graduated in her senior

high school at the same school in 2018. She is now pursuing

her college years at the University of Eastern Philippines.

She is a member of Society of Future Criminologists of

the University of Eastern Philippines and Junior

Professional Criminologists Association of the Philippines.

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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The researcher, Erika Cardenas

Hernandez, was born on December 29,

1999 and is living in Barangay

Dalakit, Catarman Northern Samar as

a youngest among the three children

of Robert Erivera Hernandez, self-

employed and Erma Cardenas Hernandez, a business woman.

She took her primary education at Catarman I Central

School in 2012 and finished her junior high school at St.

Michael Academy in 2016. She graduated in her senior high

school at the same school in 2018. She is now pursuing her

college years at the University of Eastern Philippines.

She is a member of Society of Future Criminologists of

the University of Eastern Philippines and Junior

Professional Criminologists Association of the Philippines.

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ABSTRACT

Title : CHILD LABOR IN BARANGAY BANGKEROHAN,

CATARMAN NORTHERN SAMAR

Researchers : CATHY M. CULA

ERIKA C. HERNANDEZ
Adviser : JOY F. LORETO, MCJ

Degree : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

School : UNIVERISTY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES

School Year : 2022

This study was conceptualized to determine the child

labor in Barangay Bangkerohan, Catarman Northern Samar.

Specially, it sought to find out the profile of the

respondents in terms of; age, sex, education, income from

labor, type of work employed, and years of work. To

determine the practices of child labor, to find out the

causes of child labor as well as to find out the effect of

child labor. The respondents of the study were 30 child

laborers age 10 to 17 years old.

This study was conducted in the province of Northern

Samar particularly at Barangay Bangkerohan, Catarman Norther

Samar. Following the descriptive research design, a

questionnaire was used as the main tool for data gathering

with the respondents to validate the responses. The

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respondents were the child laborers that is randomly

selected. The questionnaire was personally administered and

retrieved. The data were treated statistically using

frequency counts, percentage, rank and weighted mean.

Apparently, most of the respondents were male, 17 years

old, majority of the type of work is construction worker and

regularly attending school.

Child laborers deals with this hazardous work for less

than one (1) year with an income from labor a sum of Php

2,000 or below per month, at a very young age, children go

to work, sacrifice their future and health risk just to

fulfill their day-to-day existence, most especially the

family needs. It is at home that the child is forced to go

to work at a very young age. The circumstances of the

families and the heavy works a child faces adding a lot of

complications not only to their physical appearance but also

their mental health. The health effects of which may be

evident until adulthood.

Overall, our study revealed that the respondents were

young male, informal workers with low monthly income and

attend school via module.

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The data implies that because of their being poor, the

respondents are forced by circumstances to work and help

their parents earn extra income.

The respondents go to work at an early because of the

need to help provide for their family needs.

This implies that they worked for their survival and

that their family depends on them because their parents’

income is sufficient to support the needs. This appears to

be the main reason children look for their own sources of

income. They see it as the best use of their time in

contributing to meet the needs of the family.

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ACKNOWLDGEMENT

This study would never be accomplished without the help

of special persons in the life of the researcher, who have

given inspiration to make this research an achievement:

To the Panel of Examiners: Jose E. Gabon, Jr., Chair,

Prof. Lourdes A. Olmedo and Prof. Avila C. Erivera, for

imparting their knowledge, comments, recommendations and

suggestions that helped improve this manuscript;

To Prof. Joy F. Loreto, Thesis Adviser, for her

support, guidance and suggestions as well as for her time

and effort in checking this manuscript;

To Dr. Joy E. Presado, Research Professor, for his

dedicated involvement in every step of this academic

undertaking by sharing his expertise, and for his sincere

and valuable guidance and encouragement to the researchers

for the completion of this study;

to Prof. Lourdes A. Olmedo, English Critic, for her

untiring support and patience in editing that boost this

manuscript;

To the Respondents: The child laborers of Barangay

Bangkerohan, for their time and cooperation in answering the

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questionnaire, without which this study would not have been

completed;

To all her friends, especially her gurl powers for

helping her topple the stress and struggles throughout the

past years and for sharing immeasurable friendship and

memories now and then;

To her brother and sister, nephews and niece, for their

comfort and laughter that cheered her up, for the support

and encouragement to finish this journey;

To her dear Mama and Papa, for the unceasing

encouragement, support and attention, for the unconditional

love and care from the start and up until now;

To her love one Mark Angelo, for his understanding,

patience and encouragement and for pushing her farther to

accomplish things; and

Most of all, to the Almighty God, for letting her

through all the difficulties and for the spiritual guidance

and endless blessings He gave.

Cathy
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ACKNOWLDGEMENT

This study would never be accomplished without the help

of special persons in the life of the researcher, who have

given inspiration to make this research an achievement:

To the Panel of Examiners: Jose E. Gabon, Jr., Chair,

Prof. Lourdes A. Olmedo and Prof. Avila C. Erivera, for

imparting their knowledge, comments, recommendations and

suggestions that helped improve this manuscript;

To Prof. Joy F. Loreto, Thesis Adviser, for her

support, guidance and suggestions as well as for her time

and effort in checking this manuscript;

To Dr. Joy E. Presado, Research Professor, for his

dedicated involvement in every step of this academic

undertaking by sharing his expertise, and for his sincere

and valuable guidance and encouragement to the researchers

for the completion of this study;

to Prof. Lourdes A. Olmedo, English Critic, for her

untiring support and patience in editing that boost this

manuscript;

To the Respondents: The child laborers of Barangay

Bangkerohan, for their time and cooperation in answering the

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questionnaire, without which this study would not have been

completed;

To all her friends, especially her gurl powers for

helping her topple the stress and struggles throughout the

past years and for sharing immeasurable friendship and

memories now and then;

To her brother and sister, nephews and niece, for their

comfort and laughter that cheered her up, for the support

and encouragement to finish this journey;

To her dear Mama and Papa, for the unceasing

encouragement, support and attention, for the unconditional

love and care from the start and up until now;

To her love one Aaron, for his understanding, patience

and encouragement and for pushing her farther to accomplish

things; and

Most of all, to the Almighty God, for letting her

through all the difficulties and for the spiritual guidance

and endless blessings He gave.

Erika
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DEDICATION

This work is heartily dedicated to the people who served

as our inspiration. From parents and love ones, to circle of

friends whom extended their help in the midst of problems

while doing this paper. A trillion thanks would not suffice

it all.

Cathy and Erika

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH iii

ABSTRACT v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT viii

DEDICATION xii

TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii

LIST OF FIGURES xvi

LIST OF TABLES xvii

Chapter

I INTRODUCTION

Problem and Its Setting 1

Statement of the Problem 5

Objectives of the Problem 6

Significance of the Study 6

Scope and Limitation of the Study 8

Theoretical Framework 9

Conceptual Framework 11

Paradigm 13

Definition of Terms 14
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II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 16

III METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study 29

Research Design 30

The Respondents 30

Research Instrument 31

Validation of Research Instrument 31

Population and Sampling Technique 31

Data Gathering Procedure 32

Statistical Treatment of Data 33

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATON 34

OF DATA

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 44

Conclusion and Implications 45

Recommendation 46

LITERATURE CITED 48
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APPENDICES PAGE

A – Letter to the College Dean 51

B – Letter to the Department Chair 52

C – Letter to the Respondents 53

D – Survey Questionnaire 54

E – Translated Questionnaire 58

F – Photo Documentation 62
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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1 A scheme showing the concept of the study 13

2 Map of the municipality of Catarman, 30

Northern Samar
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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1 Respondents Profile 36

2 Child Labor Practices 39

3 Causes of Child Labor 41

4 Effects of Child Labor 43