INTRODUCTION

Variability on a Small
Scale
Optimizing Sampling Protocol

Implementing Sampling Protocol

Preserving Sample Integrity

Analytical Error
Intro 1
Optimizing Sampling
Protocol

In Situ Nugget Effect

Fundamental Sampling Error

Grouping & Segregation Error

Intro 2
 Implementing
Sampling Protocol

Increment Delimitation Error

Increment Extraction Error

Increment Weighting Error

•Intro 3
Preserving Sample
Integrity

Increment Preparation
Errors

• Contamination Error
• Loss Error
• Alteration Error
• Human Error
• Fraud & Sabotage

Intro 4
 Analytical Error
Scope Versus Principle

Additive Interferences

Proportional Interferences

Drying Temperature Baseline

Dissolution Technique

Composition of Dissolution Residues

Contamination and Losses

Intro 5
Variability on a Large
Scale

Interpolation Error
• Time
• Space

Periodic Error

Increment Weighting Error

Intro 6
 Setting Priorities

Effect of
Problem
Yes Yes

Large
by all means! but do a
feasibility study

Yes

No
Small nothing to
loose

Small Large

Cost of fixing problem

Intro 7
 Setting Priorities for
Sampling Gold,
or base metals
Effect of
Problem IDE IEE
SPC 6 sigma
AE
TQM
Large Sampling Interval
FSE
In Situ Nugget
IPE GSE
Effect

Sampling Mode Bias Test

Small Correcting Factor

IWE Round Robin

Small Large

Cost of fixing problem

Intro 8
 The Three-legged
Table

Company Benefits

Effective Correct Understanding

Management Variability
Sampling

Intro 9
Effective Management

Identify Structural Problems

Invest in Solutions to
Structural Problems

Identify Circumstantial Problems

Time & Money Can Be Saved on

Circumstantial Problems

Understand and Act on All

Sources of Variability

Be Proactive Instead of Reactive

Intro 10
Correct Sampling
In Situ Nugget Effect
Fundamental Sampling Error

Grouping & Segregation Error

Increment Delimitation Error

Increment Extraction Error

Increment Preparation Errors
Interpolation Error

Periodic Error

Increment Weighting Error

Analytical Error
Intro 11
 Understanding
Variability
Variability Generates Visible
and Invisible Costs

Variability is a Problem
and an Opportunity

There are Many Kinds of Variability

All Sampling Errors

Magnify Variability
Geostatistics Analyzes Variability
at the Mine
Chronostatistics Analyzes Variability
at the Plant

Minimize Variability by a Constant

Improvement Strategy
Intro 12