Identification of

Choice Patterns in
Children: A
Methodogical Study
CARLOS ADRIAN
PALOMERO JANDETE
 Research on decision-making has focused mainly on
generating models that allow representing the variables
involved in this process.

Introduction One of the most used procedures to study decision making

is: delay discounting.
These have allowed the identification of behavior patterns of
choice, which have been related to relevant social problems
such as behavioral problems or the use and abuse of
addictive substances.

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Temporary discount evaluations have been made based on the type of
reward thus exploring the nature of the choice trait.

The results seem to indicate a more pronounced discount in non-

monetary than in monetary rewards, however, there is no consensus
on the temporary discount as a possible predictor of behavior. (Odum
et Al, 2020)

There is evidence that people's choice of discount procedures can

change according to different parameters(Peters, Miedl. & Buchel,
2012)
 Establishing a procedure that allows to measure the
Justification: behavior of choice in a stable way can suggest a more
reliable marker to use the discount, as well as the
implementation of other animal models.

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General purpose:
Identify if there are differences in the delay discount rates, as well as
the behavior of choice in different procedures to measure behavior.
 Estimate the waiting parameters in which
each participant presents a lower
variability in the responses according to
the hyperbolic model.

Specific Analyze the stability of discount rates on

objectives time and over time.

Explore the stability 3 different

procedures.
Research design: Single case
Session 1. Delay discount evaluation
Session 2. Evaluation of delay discount
Session 3. Evaluation of delay discount
Session 4. Evaluation of delay discount + 20% requirement
Session 5. Evaluation of delay discount + 40% requirement
Session 6. Evaluation of delay discount
Procedures to be implemented in the
experiment
Traditional procedure Without contingencies

Experiential discount Apply inmediate contingencies

procedure

Experiential discount Apply inmediate contingencies

procedure with Food Give points that are exchanged for food
PARTICIPANTS

Behavior problems
were discriminated
8 kids A convenience through the Child
10 years old sampling was applied. Behavior Inventory
(Morales y Martínez,
2013).

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 Procedure
Visual
Analog Score
Instrutions Scale screen

Awards Discount Prize Store

Evaluation
 MÉTHOD

Values for discount tasks with actual contingencies and the number of trials

Discounting task

Baseline a RBL Increase 1 Increase 2

Delays 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 s 7, 13, 26, 39, 79 s 9, 17, 34, 51, 101 s

Trial 20 x 4 = 80 20 20

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 Procedure

You can choose the option that you like the most. You will use the mouse to make your choice. Look
at the example. You can choose the option that you like the most. “Win 1 prize now. Win 3 prizes in 3
seconds. " … You chose to Win 1 prize now ”...“ You won 1 prize ”. Look at another example. You
can choose the option that you like the most.
You will use the mouse to make your choice. “Win 1 prize now. Win 3 prizes in 3 seconds. " … You
chose to Win 3 prizes in 3 seconds… “You will have to wait 3 seconds”… “You won 3 prizes”. Now
you can play.

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(Manwaring et al., 2011)
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 Adjustable amount Standard quantity (Fixed)

Adjustable Amount (Du, Green, & Myerson, 2002) 15

 MÉTHOD
Quantity setting procedure (Du, Green, & Myerson, 2002)

POINT OF INDIFFERENCE = (4+3) / 2 = 3.5

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(Jimura et al., 2011)
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Results:
Tradicional
Videogame
Food
Videogame Task AUC
Rangos Tarea Average rangea
Videojuego
Rango N 8
  promedio Chi-
Square
6.143
Sesion1 5.00 FD 5
Sesion2 4.50
Sesion3 3.00 Sig. .293
Sesion4 3.25 a. Friedman Test
Sesion5 2.25
Sesion6 3.00
Food task AUC
Traditional Task Ranks Contrast statisticsa
Average range N 8
  Chi-Square 12.813
Session1 4.38 5
FD
Session2 4.88 Sig. .025
Session3 4.38 a. Friedman Test
Session4 4.00
Session5 1.75
Session6 1.63
 Traditional task
Traditional Task Ranks Contrast statisticsa
Average range
  N 8
Session1 5.25 6.522
Session2 2.50 Chi-Square
Session3 3.75
Session4 3.00 Fd 5
Session5 4.00 .259
Session6 2.50 Sig.
a. Friedman Test
Thanks
 Food
k r^2 k r^2 s Nombre AUC
Tienda-ses1 0.0008222 inf 1.6682 inf 0.1966 Camila 0.07950846
Tienda-ses2 0.0008222 inf 1.6682 inf 0.1966 Camila 0.07950846
Tienda-ses3 0.0008222 inf 1.6682 inf 0.1966 Camila 0.07950846
Tienda-ses6 0.0008222 inf 1.6682 inf 0.1966 Camila 0.07950846
Tienda-ses4 0.000634 inf 0.02473 inf 1.9771 Camila 0.64723558
Tienda-ses5 0.000489 inf 0.2348 inf 0.1706 Camila 0.64402847
Tienda-ses1 0.00251 0.7742336 0.03245 6.108287 1.81198 Chucho 0.07755534
Tienda-ses2 0.0008222 inf 0.03245 inf 1.81198 Chucho 0.07950846
Tienda-ses3 0.0008222 inf 0.03245 inf 1.81198 Chucho 0.07950846
Tienda-ses6 4.07 inf 0.03245 inf 1.81198 Chucho 0.04288737
Tienda-ses4 0.03236 0.2173948 2.04E+05 0.003954771 4.43E-02 Chucho 0.38401442
Tienda-ses5 0.06877 0.5717002 6.53E+05 0.01011058 6.14E-02 Chucho 0.20003094
Tienda-ses1 0.6107 0.06529453 37.3541 0.07201038 0.3145 Diego 0.04174805
Tienda-ses2 0.0008222 inf 37.3541 inf 0.3145 Diego 0.07950846
Tienda-ses3 0.006728 0.06514096 0.1396 0.1448428 0.1246 Diego 0.06811523
Tienda-ses6 0.0008222 inf 0.1396 0.1246 Diego 0.07950846
Tienda-ses4 0.0036 0.3742973 0.03515 0.3976641 0.16759 Diego 0.07958984
Tienda-ses5 0.5824 0.4620756 0.07535 0.02940851 0.31331 Diego 0.05929958
Tienda-ses1 0.007375 0.8349745 0.0766 0.9302635 2.1227 Rafa 0.50651042
Tienda-ses2 0.04182 0.5062041 0.0766 0.9913644 2.1227 Rafa 0.22526042
Tienda-ses3 0.09388 0.5874242 0.0766 0.9910508 2.1227 Rafa 0.12890625
Tienda-ses6 0.05928 0.1243866 0.0766 0.9930656 2.1227 Rafa 0.05859375
Tienda-ses4 0.06251 0.5338978 0.02473 0.5454611 1.9771 Rafa 0.21213942
Tienda-ses5 0.05675 0.5440836 0.2568 0.3864148 0.5118 Rafa 0.07998144
 Traditional
k r^2 k r^2 s
Tradicional-ses1 0.02436 0.5389769 0.01734 0.5403038 1.3164 Camila 0.05704753
Tradicional-ses2 0.6855 0.235863 0.01734 0.580208 1.3164 Camila 0.04288737
Tradicional-ses3 3.423 -1.763833 0.01734 -59.45005 1.3164 Camila 0.04418945
Tradicional-ses6 0.04576 0.2836466 0.139 0.3141033 0.4789 Camila 0.06404622
Tradicional-ses4 0.4767 0.6579356 0.02473 0.3972862 1.9771 Camila 0.24659455
Tradicional-ses5 0.0116 0.02294817 0.2348 0.08258136 0.1706 Camila 0.53542698
Tradicional-ses1 0.05461 0.706406 1.6682 0.6482 0.1966 Chucho 0.04679362
Tradicional-ses2 4.07 inf 1.6682 inf 0.1966 Chucho 0.04288737
Tradicional-ses3 1.063 0.9598031 1.1938 0.9605806 0.9542 Chucho 0.04337565
Tradicional-ses6 4.07 inf 1.1938 inf 0.9542 Chucho 0.04288737
Tradicional-ses4 0.000634 inf 0.02473 inf 1.9771 Chucho 0.06430288
Tradicional-ses5 2.267 inf 0.2348 inf 0.1706 Chucho 0.06389233
Tradicional-ses1 0.1172 0.1501156 3.1798 0.1414574 0.2439 Diego 0.05330404
Tradicional-ses2 0.001625 0.4273644 3.1798 0.9403063 0.2439 Diego 0.08032227
Tradicional-ses3 0.0008222 inf 3.1798 inf 0.2439 Diego 0.07950846
Tradicional-ses6 0.01951 0.6072572 0.002403 0.6222086 6.504443 Diego 0.05932617
Tradicional-ses4 0.0221 0.5454746 2.04E+05 0.334318 4.43E-02 Diego 0.07470703
Tradicional-ses5 0.01295 0.1170601 0.07535 0.1448706 0.31331 Diego 0.07525333
Tradicional-ses1 0.6514 0.48738 1.39E+05 0.02731208 1.32E-01 Rafa 0.13932292
Tradicional-ses2 0.01923 0.5577041 1.39E+05 0.9010826 1.32E-01 Rafa 0.37109375
Tradicional-ses3 0.1255 0.6679944 0.07936 0.972191 0.62962 Rafa 0.12109375
Tradicional-ses6 1.29 0.7954883 0.4602 0.8262033 1.613 Rafa 0.07161458
Tradicional-ses4 2.919 inf 0.1396 inf 0.1246 Rafa 0.06430288
Tradicional-ses5 0.2141 0.5638164 0.03515 0.8666962 0.16759 Rafa 0.12144183
 Videogame
k r^2 k r^2 s Name AUC
Videojuego-ses1 0.001649 0.6720406 0.002126 0.6720635 0.783952 Camila 0.0785319
Videojuego-ses2 0.549 0.214402 2.52E+06 0.006781528 1.01E-01 Camila 0.04353841
Videojuego-ses3 1.152 0.09144951 149.6571 0.07825914 0.3206 Camila 0.04223633
Videojuego-ses6 0.05861 0.09639152 1.6682 0.05073528 0.1966 Camila 0.07234701
Videojuego-ses1 0.1156 0.7824865 0.02473 0.3890408 1.9771 Camila 0.10196314
Videojuego-ses2 0.1362 0.2372202 0.2348 0.1704649 0.1706 Camila 0.32781559
Videojuego-ses3 0.01138 0.2635099 0.141 0.43019 0.1858 Chucho 0.06876628
Videojuego-ses6 0.04617 0.6657472 0.03082 0.6687218 1.35707 Chucho 0.06013997
Videojuego-ses1 0.0716 0.7475037 0.03245 0.7600578 1.81198 Chucho 0.05135091
Videojuego-ses2 0.0716 0.7475037 0.03245 0.7600578 1.81198 Chucho 0.04288737
Videojuego-ses3 2.919 inf 0.02473 inf 1.9771 Chucho 0.06430288
Videojuego-ses6 0.1932 0.1956263 37.0992 0.0661015 0.2257 Chucho 0.06327351
Videojuego-ses1 0.1593 0.197285 0.7619 0.2766993 0.4525 Diego 0.05281576
Videojuego-ses2 0.004331 0.6961821 0.7619 1.667171 0.4525 Diego 0.07560221
Videojuego-ses3 0.0008222 inf 0.7619 inf 0.4525 Diego 0.07950846
Videojuego-ses6 0.008313 0.5886716 0.7619 0.3332071 0.4525 Diego 0.07169596
Videojuego-ses4 0.0221 0.5454746 2.04E+05 0.334318 4.43E-02 Diego 0.07470703
Videojuego-ses4 0.01271 0.5503937 0.07535 0.0336165 0.31331 Diego 0.06167814
Videojuego-ses4 0.2404 0.9189284 0.0766 0.9618966 2.1227 Rafa 0.08463542
Videojuego-ses4 0.007593 0.5957182 0.0766 0.9602577 2.1227 Rafa 0.54036458
Videojuego-ses5 0.07675 0.6170543 0.0766 0.9936494 2.1227 Rafa 0.09505208
Videojuego-ses5 0.08183 0.6059238 0.0766 0.9938909 2.1227 Rafa 0.12369792
Videojuego-ses5 0.05064 0.6723618 0.1396 0.8057185 0.1246 Rafa 0.10316506
Videojuego-ses5 0.06614 0.1228482 0.2568 0.1307543 0.5118 Rafa 0.03542698