11th Grade

GENERAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 1
2nd Quarter- 2ND SEM
 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
In this lesson, you will learn to apply the z-score in
finding probabilities and percentiles using the Table of
Standard Normal Distribution. Moreover, this self-learning
kit in this lesson will enable you to solve real-life problems
about probabilities and percentiles.
At the end of this module, the learner should be able to:
LESSON 1.1: Random Sampling
illustrates random sampling.
 WHAT I KNOW
Pre-Test
DIRECTIONS: Choose the correct answer, and write it on your notebook.
 WHAT’S NEW
DECODE ME!
Direction: Read and understand the questions.
WHAT’S NEW
LESSON 1:
Random
Sampling
 The population refers to the whole group under study or
investigation. In research, the population does not always
refer to people. It may mean a group containing elements of
anything you want to study, such as objects, events,
organizations, countries, species, organisms, etc.
A sample is a subset taken from a population, either by
random sampling or by non-random sampling. A sample is a
representation of the population where it is hoped that valid
conclusions will be drawn from the population.
 Random sampling is a selection of n
elements derived from the N population,
which is the subject of an investigation or
experiment, where each point of the
sample has an equal chance of being
selected using the appropriate sampling
technique
 Types of Random Sampling Techniques 1.
Lottery sampling is a sampling technique in
which each member of the population has an
equal chance of being selected. An instance of
this is when members of the population have their
names represented by small pieces of paper that are
then randomly mixed together and picked out. In the
sample, the members selected will be included.
2. Systematic sampling is a sampling technique in
which members of the population are listed and samples
are selected at intervals called sample intervals. In this
technique, every nth item in the list will be selected
from a randomly selected starting point. For example,
if we want to draw a 200 sample from a population
of 6,000, we can select every 3rd person in the list.
In practice, the numbers between 1 and 30 will be chosen
randomly to act as the starting point.
3. Stratified random sampling is a sampling procedure in
which members of the population are grouped on the basis of
their homogeneity. This technique is used when there are a
number of distinct subgroups in the population within which
full representation is required. The sample is constructed by
classifying the population into subpopulations or strata on the
basis of certain characteristics of the population, such as age,
gender or socio-economic status. The selection of elements is
then done separately from within each stratum, usually by random
or systematic sampling methods.
 Example:
Using stratified random sampling, select a sample of 400 students from
the population which are grouped according to the cities they come from. The
table shows the number of students per city.
Solution:
To determine the number of students to be taken as sample from
each city, we divide the number of students per city by total population
(N= 28,000) multiply the result by the total sample size (n= 400).
4. Cluster sampling is sometimes referred to
as area sampling and applied on a geographical
basis. Generally, first sampling is performed
at higher levels before going down to lower
levels. For example, samples are taken
randomly from the provinces first, followed by
cities, municipalities or barangays, and then
from households.
5. Multi-stage sampling uses a combination
of different sampling techniques. For example,
when selecting respondents for a national election
survey, we can use the lottery method first for
regions and cities. We can then use stratified
sampling to determine the number of respondents
from selected areas and clusters.
 WHAT’S MORE
Direction: Identify the terms being described and write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It refers to the entire group that is under study or
investigation.
2. It is a subset taken from a population, either by random
or non-random sampling technique. A sample is a
representation of the population where one hopes to draw
valid conclusions from about population.
3. This is a selection of n elements derived from a
population N, which is the subject of the investigation or
experiment, where each sample point has an equal chance of
being selected using the appropriate sampling technique.
4. A sampling technique where every member of the
population has an equal chance of being selected.
5. It refers to a sampling technique in which members
of the population are listed and samples are selected in
intervals called sample intervals.
 WHAT I CAN DO
DIRECTIONS: On your answer sheet, give one situation
where each of the sampling methods is being applied.

1. Lottery sampling
2. Systematic sampling
3. Stratified random sampling
4. Cluster sampling
5. Multi-stage sampling
 LESSON 2:
PARAMETERS
& STATISTICS
 WHAT’S IN
In this course, the parameters and statistics
are closely related terms that are important
for the determination of the sample size.
Many have trouble understanding the
difference between the parameter and the
statistic, but it’s important to know exactly
what these measures mean and how to
distinguish them.
 WHAT’S NEW
DIRECTIONS: Study the cases below. Identify which
of the cases involves measures from a population and
a sample.
1. A researcher randomly selected a sample of 1000
people in Barangay, 143 and asked if they used a
certain coffee product and 40% of them said yes.
2. A researcher interviewed all the students in a
certain school to identify their insights about their
favorite shoe brand.
DISCUSSION
A PARAMETER is a descriptive population measure. It is a
measure of the characteristics of the entire population (a mass
of all the units under consideration that share common
characteristics) based on all the elements within that
population.
Example:
1. All people living in one city, all-male teenagers worldwide,
all elements in a shopping cart, and all students in
a classroom.
2. The researcher interviewed all the students of a school for
their favorite apparel brand.
DISCUSSION

STATISTIC is the number that describes the

sample. It can be calculated and observed directly.
The statistic is a characteristic of a population or
sample group. You will get the sample statistic
when you collect the sample and calculate the
standard deviation and the mean. You can use
sample statistic to draw certain conclusions about
the entire population.
DISCUSSION
Example:
1. Fifty percent of people living in the U.S. agree with
the latest health care proposal. Researchers can’t
ask hundreds
of millions of people if they agree, so they take samples
or part of the population and calculate the rest.
2. Researcher interviewed the 70% of covid-19
survivors
To generalize your learned skills and
concepts, take note of the similarities
and differences of parameter and
statistic.
Directions:
Write in the Venn diagram of the
similarities and differences of parameter
and statistics.
 LESSON 2: ACTIVITY 1

DIRECTIONS:
Give 5 examples of parameter and 5
examples of statistic. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
 LESSON 2: ACTIVITY 2

DIRECTIONS: Answer the question

below.
In conducting a research, which
measure are you going to use?
Parameter or statistic? Why?
 LESSON 3:
SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION OF
THE SAMPLE MEAN
INTRODUCTION
This lesson introduces you to significant sampling
distribution that is considered in many experiments; that is, the
sample mean. You will be introduced to how interferences can be
made by using the sample mean as an estimate of the population
mean.
At the end of this module, the learner should be able to:
Lesson 3 Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
Identify the sampling distribution of the sample mean
Find the mean and the variance of the sampling distribution of
the sample mean
DISCUSSION
 DISCUSSION
B. Construct the sampling distribution of sample means. List all the 2
possible outcome and get the mean of every sample
POSSIBLE SAMPLE SAMPLE MEAN
2,3 2.5
2,6 4
2,10 6
2,12 7
3,6 4.5
3,10 6.5
3,12 7.5
6,10 8
6,12 9
10,12 11
C. This time, let us make a probability distribution of the sample
means. This probability distribution is called the sampling distribution of
the sample means
SAMPLE MEAN PROBABILITY
2.5 1/10 or 0.1
4 1/10 or 0.1
6 1/10 or 0.1
7 1/10 or 0.1
4.5 1/10 or 0.1
6.5 1/10 or 0.1
7.5 1/10 or 0.1
8 1/10 or 0.1
9 1/10 or 0.1
11 1/10 or 0.1
 DISCUSSION

A sampling distribution of sample

mean is a frequency distribution using
the means computed from all possible
random samples of a specific size taken
from a population.
 DISCUSSION
ANOTHER EXAMPLE

Construct a sampling distribution of sample mean

for the set of data below.
86 88 90 95 98
Consider a sample size of 3 that can be drawn from
a population.
DISCUSSION
 DISCUSSION
B. Construct the sampling distribution of sample means. List all the 2
possible outcome and get the mean of every sample
POSSIBLE SAMPLE SAMPLE MEAN
86,88,90 88
86,88,95 89.67
86,88,98 90.67
86,90,95 90.33
86,90,98 91.33
86,95,98 93
88,90,95 91
88,90,98 92
88,95,98 93.67
90,95,98 94.33
C. This time, let us make a probability distribution of the sample
means. This probability distribution is called the sampling distribution of
the sample means
SAMPLE MEAN PROBABILITY
88 1/10 or 0.1
89.67 1/10 or 0.1
90.67 1/10 or 0.1
90.33 1/10 or 0.1
91.33 1/10 or 0.1
93 1/10 or 0.1
91 1/10 or 0.1
92 1/10 or 0.1
93.67 1/10 or 0.1
94.33 1/10 or 0.1
 LESSON 3: ACTIVITY 1

A population consists of the numbers 2,

4, 8, 10 and 5. Let us list all the possible
samples of size 3 from this population
and construct the sampling distribution
of the sample mean
 LESSON 3: ACTIVITY 2
Construct a sampling distribution of sample mean and
answer the questions on your answer sheet. Samples of 3
cards are drawn from a population of five cards numbered
from 1-5.
1. How many are the possible outcomes?
2. What are the possible means?
3. What is the probability of getting 4 as a mean?
4. What is the probability of getting 2 as a mean?
5. What is the probability of getting 3.33 as a mean?
 WHAT I CAN SHOW
Tell Me!
Which category in 21st Century skills do you think the core
of our topic falls in? Explain why.
a) communication
b) collaboration
c) creativity
d) critical thinking
e) productivity
f) leadership
g) technology literacy