Let’s Review!

1. What is the content of Chapter II?

2. Classifications of RL and RS.
3. Guidelines in making Chapter II.
 Chapter III
Research
Methodology
 Parts of Chapter 3
- Research Design
- Research Locale
- Population
- Sampling Technique
- Research Instrument
- Data Gathering Procedure
- Data Analysis Procedure
 Research Methodology
- The research methodology
discusses the steps and
procedures that you will use in
conducting your research.
 Research Methodology
This includes explaining:
- The type of research technique
- How will you get the data for the study
- Whom or where you will get the data
from
- How will you analyze the data that you
will gather
 Research Design
This section describes the specific
research approach or design you
will use in the study.
 MAJOR TYPES OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH DESIGN
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
It describes what is. It involves describing,
analyzing and interpreting the conditions that
now exist. It involves some kind of
comparison and contrast, and may attempt to
discover relationship between existing non-
manipulated variables.
 CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH
It attempts to determine the extent of a
relationship between two or more variables
using statistical data.
Examples of Correlational Research:
• The relationship between intelligence and
self-esteem
• The relationship between diet and anxiety
• The relationship between an aptitude test
and success in an algebra course
 Causal-comparative/Quasi-
Experimental Research
It attempts to establish cause-effect relationships
among the variables. These types of design are very
similar to true experiments, but with some key
differences.
Examples:
• The effect of preschool attendance on social
maturity at the end of the first grade.
• The effect of taking multivitamins on a students’
school absenteeism.
• The effect of gender on algebra achievement.
 Example of Research Design:
The study employed the quantitative research method. Quantitative research is about
collecting and analyzing data to explain phenomena. Information from a sample is used to
make generalizations or predictions about a population(Stephanie, 2016). Quantitative
methods are used to study the relationship between variables with the primary goal being to
analyze and to represent that relationship mathematically through statistical analysis. The
quantitative research method is best this for study and using questionnaire that will generate
quantitative data.
The nature of the study is descriptive and explanatory. According to Aquino,
descriptive research is fact-finding with adequate interpretation. The descriptive method is
something more and beyond just data gathering; the latter is not reflective thinking or
research (Cynthia Joy, 2014). Koh and Owen (2018)interpreted that one of the advantages of
descriptive research
—Someone is that the investigator can reach a large number of respondents with
Famous
relatively minimal expenditure, numerous variables can be measured by a single instrument.
When conducting the research, the researchers should be able to adapt themselves to the
new data and the new insight that they discover as they study the subject (Yousaf, 2018).
 Research Locale
• This section describes the setting or
location of your study.
• The specific description of the
setting is very important in a
research since the setting may have
an effect or impact on the behavior
of the students.
 ThisExample of Research
study was conducted Locale:Careers in
at Big Outsource
San Pablo City, Laguna.

—Someone Famous
Figure 3. Map of San Pablo City, Laguna
Source:
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Big+Outsource/
 Sampling
• Sampling is measuring a small
portion of something and then
making a general statement about the
whole thing.
 Purposes and Advantages of
Sampling
1. Sampling makes possible the study of
a large, heterogenous population.
2. Sampling is for economy.
3. Sampling is for speed.
4. Sampling is for accuracy.
5. Sampling saves the sources of data
from being all consumed.
General Types of Sampling
• 1. Probability
• 2. Non-Probability
Probability Sampling
• the sample is a proportion
of the population and
such sample is selected
from the population by
means of some
systematic way.
Non-Probability Sampling
• the sample is a not a
proportion of the population
and there is no system in
selecting the sample.
Types of Probability Sampling
• Pure random sampling
• Systematic Sampling
• Purposive Sampling
• Cluster Sampling
• Stratified random Sampling
 Pure Random Sampling
• every one in the population
has an equal chance of being
selected to be included in the
sample.
 Systematic Sampling
• every nth name in the list
may be selected to be
included in a sample.
 Purposive Sampling
• the respondents will be
chosen based on their
knowledge of the
information required by
the researcher.
 Cluster Sampling
• used when the population is big
or the geographical area of the
research is so large.
• In this technique, the selection
of sample units is not by
individuals but by groups called
cluster.
Stratified Random Sampling
• this method is applied when the
population is divided into
different strata or classes
wherein each class must be
represented in the study.
Stratified random Sampling
• To compute the sample size in
stratified random sampling, the
Slovin’s formula will be used:

N
n
1  Ne 2
 Example:
Suppose a researcher wants to
determine the average income of the
families in a barangay having 3,000
families, distributed in five purok’s.
Computing for the sample size at a 5%
margin of error:
 Solution:

N 3,000
n   353
1  Ne 1  3,000(0.05)
2 2
 Solution:
The Required Sample Size from each Purok
Purok Population Percentage Sample size, n
1 800 800 ÷ 3,000 = 0.27 × 100 = 27% 0.27 × 353 = 95
2 400 400 ÷ 3,000 = 0.13 × 100 = 13% 0.13 × 353 = 46
3 500 500 ÷ 3,000 = 0.17× 100 = 17% 0.17 × 353 = 60
4 600 600 ÷ 3,000 = 0.20 × 100 = 20% 0.20 × 353 = 71
5 700 700 ÷ 3,000 = 0.23 × 100 = 22% 0.22 × 353
23%= 810.23
N 3,000 100% 353
 Types of Non-Probability
Sampling
• Accidental Sampling
• Quota Sampling
• Convenience Sampling
 Accidental Sampling
• there is no system of selection in this
type of sampling.
 Quota Sampling
• in this type of sampling, specified
numbers of persons of certain types
are included in the sample.
• It is used in opinion polls.
 Convenience Sampling
• process of picking out people in the
most convenient and fastest way to
immediately get their reactions to a
certain issue.
 Sample or the respondents
• This section describes the
respondents of the study.
Example of Sample or respondents Section:

The participants of the study are the

employees of Big Outsource Careers,
located at Lot 1 & 2, Block 4, Guevarra
Subdivision, Brgy. Del Remedio, San
Pablo City, Laguna.
 Research Instruments
• This section outlines the instruments
you will use to collect quantitative
data.
• You must discuss the contents of
your research instrument.
 Research Instruments
The instrument used in this study was a data collection method in the form questionnaire. Since the
research aims to classify the employees’ point of view, the main focus, thus, are the agents of Big Outsource
Careers. A questionnaire was prepared to get perception of the employees towards the factors affecting
employee retention. The questionnaire was composed of three parts. The first part entails the demographic
profile of the employees;the second part includes the six factors affecting employee retention; and the third part
employed the compensation packages which they most prefer. A 5-point Likert scale with anchors ranging from
“1 – Strongly Disagree to 5 – Strongly Agree” were used.
Table 1
Likert Point Scale
Point
Weight Interpretation/Description
Scale
4.21-5.00 5 Strongly Agree
3.41-4.20 4 Agree
2.61-3.40 3 Fair
1.81-2.60 2 Disagree
1.00-1.80 1 Strongly Disagree
 Try this:
Suppose a researcher wants to
determine the average income of the
families in a barangay having 5000
families, distributed in seven streets.
Computing for the sample size at a 5%
margin of error:
Street Population Percentage Sample size (n)
1 800 0.16 59
2 900 0.18 67
3 600 0.12 44
4 500 0.1 37
5 400 0.08 30
6 1000 0.20 74
7 800 0.16 59
Total: 5000
 Thank you and
God bless us all po !