11th Grade

STATISTICS &
PROBABILITY
 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
If you took an examination, do you sometimes think of
where would be your score lie? Would it be below or above
the average score? Afterwards, you would like also to know
how far you are from the average score. Finally, you would
ask yourself what is the meaning of those locations from
the center or mean of the probability distribution? If your
interest caught by these questions, this learning module is
design for you.
In this module, you will understand the process on how
to illustrate the mean and variance of a discrete random
variable. Similarly, calculating the mean and the
variance of a discrete random variable will be
discussed. You may find this module as piece of good
fortune in acquiring brand new learning.
 Lesson 1 – illustrates the mean and variance of
a discrete Random variable
Let’s have this first for a review.
Suppose you tossed a fair coin twice. Let X be
the number of heads that are observed.
a. Construct the probability distribution of X.
b. Find the probability that at least one head is
observed
 ROLL A TOPIC
MECHANICS!
• The students form a circle in the center of the classroom.
• The students read and analyze first the situation given
below.
• The music starts and the dice will pass it to the next
students, if the music stop the student takes a turn rolling
the dice and answering the corresponding question based
in the number appears in the dice.
ROLL A TOPIC!
Read and analyze the situation given below:
During Town Fiesta, people used to go to Carnival
that most folks call it “Perya”. Mang Ben used to
play “Beto–beto” hoping that he would win.
While he is thinking about what possible
outcomes in every roll would be, he is always hoping
that his bet is right.
Let us help Mang Ben to know the probabilities of
each outcome by filling the table below.
ROLL A TOPIC
Is the probability of x
lies between 0 and 1?
What is the sum of all
probabilities of X?
 Is there a negative
probability? Is it possible
to have a negative
probability?
How will you illustrate the
average or mean of the
probabilities of discrete
random variable?
 Can you show a process where
you can illustrate the variance of
the probability?
Can you show a process where
you can illustrate standard
deviation of the probability?
Lesson 1 – illustrates the
mean and variance of a
discrete Random variable
From the figure above, it shows the
probability distribution for the
possible outcome in rolling a fair die.
Notice that they have equal
probabilities or chances to occur.
This distribution is symmetric and
the mean is 3.5 which found in the
middle of the distribution, it is in the
axis of symmetry.
We have noticed that the mean of a
random variable X is a measure of
the central location of the
distribution of X. If we are
summarizing highlights of the
distribution of X, it is evident that
location is not the only significant
aspect
Since we are comparing two elements this time (1 and 3
on the left side of the mean and 4 and 6 in the right.,
the 𝜇𝑥 3.5 will be doubled which became 7. Adding 1 and
3 elements gives us 4, similarly on the right side adding
4 and 6 gives us 10. Get the average value of 4 and 10
which resulted in 7 which is our new 𝜇𝑥. Subtract 7 by 4
which is 3, likewise subtract 10 by 7 which resulted in
3. This implies that the distance of the element from the
mean in either direction is 3 which describes the spread
of the elements in the observation.
And this is how we come up with the answer in
question under 1st Activity.