Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Module 1 GEN BIO 2

    Uploaded by

    cuasayprincessnicole4
    10 views18 pages

    Original Title

    Module-1-GEN-BIO-2

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    10 views18 pages

    Module 1 GEN BIO 2

    Uploaded by

    cuasayprincessnicole4

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 18
    ) What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you identify the distinctive characteristics of a specific taxon about the other taxa. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course, But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using, Directior After going through this module, you are expected to: describe processes in the life cycle of animals and explain the process of buman development (STEM_BIO11/12-1Va-h-1) Specific Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to: 1. describe the different stages of animal development; differentiate the developmental process in monozygotic and dizygotic twins describe human reproductive organ systems; illustrate the human female menstrual eyele; explain processes in human development; and differentiate various forms of contraception in humans to compare different types of plant life cycles and explain processes in flowering plant reproduction and development (STEM_BIO11/12-1Va-h-1) Specific Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to: 1, enumerate the different types of reproductive cycles 2. illustrate the life cycles of moss, fern, and flowering plant 3. deseribe double fertilization in flowering plants; and 4, explain processes in plant development. What I Know Read each question and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1 Involves the formation of sex cells, zygote formation, subsequent stages in one's life span, Development is terminated by death, A. Development ——-B, Gastrulation . Fertilization —D. Growth 2. Stage of development that results in a unicellular diploid zygote. A. Development —_B, Gastrulation C, Fertilization —D, Growth 3. Ahuman blastula made up of a solid ball of cells A. Embryo B, Blastocyst C. Morula D. Zygote 4. Process where the blastocyst implants itself in the endometrium; this signals the start of pregnancy. A. Fertilization B, Development C. Gestation Implantation 5. Part of the menstrual eyele of the uterus; corresponds to the latter part of the follicular phase of the ovaries (days 8-14) when the endometrium heals and begins to thicken because of estrogen secretion, A. Follicular Phase C, Menstrual phase B. Luteal phase D. Proliferative phase 6. Process that blocks any one of the following stages of reproduction in humans: (1) release and transport of gametes; (2) fertilization; (3) implantation; (4) actual completion of development of the embryo/ fetus A. Contraception —_B. Gestation ©. Ovulation, Implantation 7. Which of following is the first stage in reproduction, A. Fertilization C. Release and transport of gametes B. Implantation D. Development of embryo 8. Type of contraception that prevents fertilization ‘A. Barrier method —B, Oral contraceptive. Abstinence D. all ofthe above 9. Which of the following is not a stage of uterine cycle ? A. Menstrual cycle B. Proliferative cycle C. Secretory cycle D. Luteal phase 10,What are the 2 stages of ovarian cycle. A, Follicular and luteal phase C. Luteal and secretory phase B, Menstrual and follicular phase D. Proliferative and secretory phase LLLIt is defined as a biological process in which an organism gives rise to young ones (offspring) like itself, A. Breeding B, Fertilization C. Reproduction _D. Vegetative 12.1n plant, the fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells) from different individuals of ‘the same species is called ‘A. Asexual reproduction C. Self-fertlization B. Cross-pollination D. Sexual reproduction 13.The male reproductive part of the flower is A. Petal B. Pistil ©. Sepal D. Stamen 14,The female reproductive part of the flower is A. Petal B, Pistil ©. Sepal D. Stamen 15.The following are parts of the pistil except _ A. Anther B. Ovary, ©. Stigma D. Style 16,Seeds are matured A. Ovary B, Ovules ©. Stigma D. Style 17.Seeds are capable of germinating if given the following, A. Water and soll C. Temperature and pH B, Water and heat D. Temperature and soil 18, Pollen grains are produced in the A. Anther B, Filament ©, Ovary D. Stigma 19,Stage of the life cycle of a plant that is haploid; stage that produces gametes via mitosis, ‘A. Angiosperms —_B. Gametophyte ©.Germination _D, Sporephyte 20.Also known a8 flowering plants; group of plants that produce reproductive structures called flowers in their sporophyte stages, A. Angiosperms _B. Gametophyte C.Germination —_D, Sporophyte Human Reproductive System ‘The reproductive System Of an Organisin, also known as the genital eystem, le the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction, Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive ayster, wee What’s In ex) Sa Activity 1.1: What am 1? Directions: Define the following terms using the dictionary. 1, Development 2.Fertilization S.Organogenesis 4.Development 5.Growth 4 What's New Activity 1.2: Who am 1? Directions: Define stages of development. Explain your answer in the space provided A. Stages of Animal Development 1. Gametogenesis, HL Fertilization HL. Cleavage IV. Gastrulation V. Organogenesis Qs) What is It Reproduction is the creation of new individuals, which is exactly from the same kind. Different organisms use different modes of reproduction depending on the complexity of their form and structure, Development starts with formation of sex cells and cends only by death. Until the old age of a person, for example, some cells still develop or divide STRUCTURE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM What’s More Human Development To initiate the developmental process, these two gametes fuse together in via fertilization. In animal zygote (fertilized ee) formation occurs once a sperm cell successfully fused to an ovum, which in tum allows embryo development to take ‘A soul fein ate place. Occur in the fallopian tube, results in sinezimaluancemyaetbumen: | ar aygot, The development process occurs in a highly organized and regulated manner called embryogenesis in which embryo forms and develops and eventually give rise to a mature organism, However, the process refers primarily to pre-natal development in mammals preceding fetal development Fertilization initiates. embryonic development allowing cleavage to take place. Cleavage is the Site fran an he sry emilee ix muna rapid series of mitotic cell ‘eNGCT-RUNE RE ZL divisions of the developing embryo leading to multicellular ball mass. In mammals, this continuously happens as the embryo traverses the oviduct toward the uterus, Once more than 100 cells are present, the embryo is now a blastocyst, characterized by having a distinct inner mass cell, which eventually forms the fetus, After this, the cells formed are now ready to migrate in an organized manner called gastrulation 10 which they localize to establish basic body plan-the germ layers. In mammals and other higher vertebrates, three germ layers namely, the ectoderm, 8 ‘mesederm, and the endoderm commonly referred to aa triploblaatic. In diploblastic animals, only ectoderm and the endoderm forms in which organs and different parts of the body originates. MENSTRUAL CYLE ‘The average length of the menstrual cycle is 28-29 days, but this can vary between ‘women and from one cycle to the next. The length of your menstrual cycle is calculated {irom the first day of your period to the day before your next petiod starts, Girls get their first poriod (menarche), on average, betwoen the ages of 11 and 14 years. By this stage, other sexual characteristics have developed, sch as pubic hair and budding breasts. PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE, 1, Menstrual phase (day 1-5) Menistrual phase begine on the first day of menstruation and lasts till the Sth day of the menstrual eycle. The following events occur during this phase: (© ‘The uterus sheds its inner lining of soft tissue land blood vessels which exits the body from the vagina in the form of menstrual ud, (© Blood loss of 10 ml to 80 mil is considered , Janta aia loa seueohases @ You may experience abdominal cramps. These cramps are caused by the contraction of the uterine nd the abdominal ‘muscles to expel the menstrual ud. 2, Follicular phase (day 1-13) This phase also begins on the first day of menstruation, 6 but it ass i the 19th day ofthe menstrual yee. The following events oecur rng this phase @ arcphniiny gland pert namo toc troy nn the opin — © Oe of these ea cells begins to mature in a saccke-stricture called fll, It ‘takes 13 days forthe eg cell to reach maturity: © writ"2"SBPE matures, its flicle secretes a hormone that stimulates the tera devel a Ksing ec yous ond alten cali endomatsum, 3. Ovulation phase (day 14) ng) On the 14th day of the cycle, the pituitary gland secretes a hormone that causes the ovary to release the matured egg cell. The released egg eel is swept into the fallopian tube by the cilia ofthe imbrie. Fimbriae are finger like projections lacated at the end of the fallopian tube close to the ovaries and cia are slender hair like projections on each Fimbria 4. teal phase (day 15-28) sabes mnie aes ranceage This phase begins on the 15th day and lasts till the end ofthe cycle, The following events occur during this phase: @ The egg cell released during the ovulation Ba phase stays inthe fallopian tube for 24 hours wei" @ Ifa sperm cell does not impregnate the egg cell within that time, the egg cll disintegrates © ‘Te hormone that causes the uterus to retain am ‘ts endometrium gets used up by the end of the ‘ped Jmensnmeia comics ‘menstrual cycle. This causes the menstrual phase of the next eye to begin. CONTRACEPTION AND ITS TYPES: mL. Ovulation-suppressing methods Oral contraceptives - Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) are hormone-containing medications that are taken by mouth to prevent pregnancy. ‘They prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation and by preventing sperm from penetrating through the cervix, Barrier methods- contraceptives prevent sperm cells entering the female reproductive twact during sexual intercourse, e.g., Physical (Condom, Diaphragm, Cervical cap) A. -Condomconsists of thin latex or natural membrane sheath placed over the erect penis to prevent semen from entering the vagina upon ejaculation B, Diaphragm The diaphragn is an attractive birth control alternative for women who are looking to avoid the hormonal impact of injections or oral contraceptives. When properly fitted and used appropriately, they are approximately 90% effective in preventing pregnancy. However, they do nat provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). They do not require a prescription but must be customized for each woman and checked by a healthcare provider every year, ©. Cervical cap-similar but smaller than the diaphragm. It adheres to the cervix by suction. The cervical cap is a birth control (contraceptive) is a small plastic dome that fits tightly over the cervix and stays in place by suction, that prevents sperm from entering the uterus. The cervical cap is a reusable, deep silicone cup that is Inserted into the vagina and fits tightly. The cervical cap is held in place by suction and has a strap to help with removal Chemical barriers. contraceptives include creams, foam, and jellies with spermicidal properties. These chemicals create an unfavorable environment in the vagina for sperm vegectorny cells. Surgical methods sterilize the male or female. A. Vasectomy-A vasectomy is a simple procedure that makes a man unable to father children. It is nearly 100% effective (99.85% to be exact). It takes about 15 minutes to perform in a urologist’s office, and it is usually covered by health insurance. Vascowmy ste B. Tubal Ligation. 1s somisscismy a surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy. It has commonly been called "getting your tubes tied.” It is also called a female sterilization, Tubal refers to the fallopian tubes, Fach month, an egg is released from an ovary and travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus. ‘ba gation fhm no niin eee eee ae V. Implantation-A contraceptive thptant is placed under the skin of the upper arm.The émplant releases a low, steady dose of a pregestational hormone to thicken cervical mucus ‘and thin the Lining of the uterus (endometrium). VI. Others A. Abstinence-refers to voluntary prevention of oneself from indulging in bodily activities that provide pleasure, a oe) What I Can Do Activity 1.3: Directions: Compare and contrast the different types of contraception. Birth Methods | Advantages | Disadvantages | Percentage | Procedures | Example/s of conception 1. Ovulation 2. Barrier methods 3, Chemical 4. Surgical ‘Methods 5. Implantation ©. Abstinence What I Have Learned Activity 1.4: Directions: Check your recall: 1. Describe two methods of contraception that use mechanical barrier. 2. How does IUD prevent pregnancy? 3, What are the major events in reproductive cycle? @ NS (By >) Additional Activities SS Direction: Trace the events of the female reproductive system, Reproduction and Development in Plants Like all other living en existence of another generation, Like animals, they can reproduce both sexually and plants also must reproduce for the continuity of the asexually, thus maximizing their potential to flourish on the surface ofthe earth () What’s In Activity 2.1: Plantifier!!! Directions: Identify the name of each plant and write if it is sexual or asexual reproduction, a ~) What’s Ne & at’s New Activity 2. Directions: Encircle the words given below. It can be horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Word Search Angiosperm Anther Embryo Sac Endosperm Bpicotyl Filament Flower Gametophyte Monacot Monoccious Ovule Pollination Phumule Stamen Sporophyte Zygote n ey] (SAME oP yap te wlelP[Nfelmla[tis[ [klRlelele m[ATo[R ele lu[R|N[Z|H]e|PIA[N elely wy [tint tl [Rik IwL slo N[Alulm[s|x|y]o[v|[elxlolelols efete[ fR[wle[Hlol[H]s[eloly[t eltfele[slelelKlelsly[Flt[RlA elsfols/als/Plelslole[K|y[s[n TTP [cfelelN[sls[olM[Rfel[e [|e olelv[zlolelt[Rl[ole|wlolrRfe[e ulwfelc[yInis[slol fet fel io s[kfelel + {slol[Fle[clslalufslo xfolAlPlaAl=felm[ [RIV IN TP Lele Ec fulm[ultle|tlPlalK[slal[wlo FL LIA eINttleiwL f

    You might also like