VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi, Karnataka - 590018

Mini Project Synopsis on

“ COST - EFFECTIVE ELECTRONIC SETHOSCOPE

USING ARDUINO ”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for award of Degree
Bachelor of Engineering
in
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Submitted by
Monika S V 4GK20EC018
Jahnavi B R 4GK21EC406
Soundarya H G 4GK21EC419
Sundareshan P 4GK20EC036

Under the guidance of

Prof. Dr. Raveendra K
Head Of the Department

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Government Engineering College, K R Pet -571426
2022-2023
 CONTENTS
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Literature survey
4. Problem statement
5. Future scope
6. References
 COST - EFFECTIVE ELECTRONIC SETHOSCOPE USING ARDUINO UNO 2022 - 2023

ABSTRACT

The medical device used for auscultation is known as a stethoscope. An

ordinary acoustics-based stethoscope is limited in its ability to provide
high-quality sound in noisy environments. To deal with this problem
digital stethoscopes have been developed. A digital stethoscope enables
the use of advanced noise cancellation techniques resulting in high quality
sound compared to a conventional stethoscope. Currently, conventional
stethoscopes are commonly used by physicians due to their low cost
compared to the digital ones. This paper presents an Arduino UNO based
cost-effective digital stethoscope with real-time realization of cardiac
sounds. The proposed design is considerably low-cost compared to the
commercially available digital stethoscopes. By digitally we storing the
cardiac and lung sounds , it will be big aid for medical , nursing students
to understand the auscultation.
Index Terms - Auscultation, digital stethoscope, heart sounds, Arduino
UNO.

Department of ECE. K.K.GEC.K.R.PET

 COST - EFFECTIVE ELECTRONIC SETHOSCOPE USING ARDUINO UNO 2022 - 2023

INTRODUCTION

Auscultation is the process of listening to internal body sounds and it is

achieved by using a device known as stethoscope. Two types of heart
sounds are produced under normal heart conditions; the first sound is S1
that corresponds to mitral and tricuspid valves closure after receiving
blood from lungs and body. This initiates the systolic process. The second
sound is S2 that shows the initiation of diastolic process and termination
of systole and is produced by the aortic and pulmonic valves closure after
pumping blood to the body and lungs. The frequency ranges of S1 and S2
sounds is between 20 to 175 Hz. According to the peaks of S1 sound like
in the lower frequency range (10 to 50 Hz) and medium frequency range
(50 to 140 Hz), where the S2 peaks are observed in lower frequency range
(10 to 80 Hz), medium frequency range (80 to 200 Hz), and higher range
of frequency (220 to 400 Hz). Similarly, there are also two other sounds;
S3 sound is obtained by the passive filling of ventricles known as early
diastolic process, and S4 sound by active filling of ventricles known as
late diastolic process. The peaks of S3 and S4 sounds are usually observed
within the frequency range (20 to 70 Hz). These sounds should be
carefully observed because they may suggest the heart abnormalities. As
the beating of heart and blood flow through it results in the generation of
Heart sounds. Similarly, in abnormal cases, there might be additional
signal activities between S1 and S2 sounds e.g. S3, S4, and murmurs. The
S3 sound is produced when there is a sudden deceleration of blood flow
from atrium into left ventricle. This sound behaves like normal heart
sounds in children and adults up to 35 to 40 years. But, after 40 years, this
sound acts like an abnormal hear sound and is correlated with the
dysfunction and volumetric overloading of ventricles. The vibration of
valves, supporting structures, and walls of ventricles cause the S4 sound.
It has been proved that S4 during the diastolic period is the symptom of
heart failure. Additionally, heart problems or diseases may cause
numerous heart murmurs that are extra or unusual sounds heard during the
beating of heart and are classified as systolic, diastolic and continuous
murmurs. During the mid-systolic process, a high frequency sound named
as mid-systolic click (MSC) is produced by the abrupt halting of
prolapsing mitral valves leaflets excursion into the atrium by chordae . In
, the authors developed a low-cost digital stethoscope what was able to be
interfaced with the mobile communication devices. In this instrument, the
sounds from various locations could be captured with the help of an
electret condenser microphone which were later filtered, amplified and

Department of ECE. K.K.GEC.K.R.PET

 COST - EFFECTIVE ELECTRONIC SETHOSCOPE USING ARDUINO UNO 2022 - 2023

processed digitally by using an adaptive line enhancement technique to

gain the audible and distinct heart sounds. Here we used direct acoustic
coupling technique which quickly and conveniently converted the
smartphones into simple, user friendly high quality, and affordable digital
stethoscope. The device enabled the heart patients to send their heart sound
to doctor’s chamber from their home instead of travelling from faraway
places.We have proposed a prototype model of a smart real-time digital-
stethoscope system to monitor the patient’s heart sounds.The designed
digital stethoscope was able to detect the heart and lung sounds along with
measuring heart rate. The heart sound was detected using a microphone,
analog signal was filtered and stored in a computer. This helped in
performing feature extraction from the signal.

Department of ECE. K.K.GEC.K.R.PET

 COST - EFFECTIVE ELECTRONIC SETHOSCOPE USING ARDUINO UNO 2022 - 2023

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. B. Malik Et.al IEEE 2017. The main aim of this paper is to research,
design and systematically develop an electronic stethoscope which will
allow healthcare professionals to be able to capture, amplify and process
sounds generated by the heart and lungs and to analyse and visualise the
signal through advanced digital signal processing techniques

2. Max Q.-H Meng and Frank, P.-W Lo Et.al IEEE 2016. Aim of this paper
is a low-cost and effective wearable digital stethoscope for healthcare
monitoring through wireless transmission module is proposed in this paper.
The design integrates heart and lung sound signal acquisition,
amplification, wireless transmission and signal processing using National
Instruments Labview.

3. Ramesha M, DankanGowda V, Jeevan KM, Sathisha B M Et.al IEEE 2020

. In this paper, some of the aspects with respect to stethoscope are
considered for the advancement with the help of IoT (Internet of Things).
Till date, many electronic stethoscopes designed were based on various
technologies such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, neural network, and Micro-
Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), etc.

4. Szot, S., Levin, A., Ragazzi, A. and Ning, T Et.al ICSP 2018. This paper
presents a design and implementation of a digital stethoscope using a
mobile device and wireless transmission

5. Shreyas S. Joshi, Manoj R. Pati, Nikhil P. Kanawade, Aparna P.Et.al ESCI

2021. In this paper, an alternative design for wireless digital stethoscope
based on Bluetooth communication is proposed. It intends to enable the
user to record and share the auscultation results remotely to avoid physical
commute to the clinic.

SUMMARY: Finally, by considering all those above papers “Designing

and Implementing a Low Cost Electronic Sethoscope ” using various methods
and techniques is depicted.

Department of ECE. K.K.GEC.K.R.PET

 COST - EFFECTIVE ELECTRONIC SETHOSCOPE USING ARDUINO UNO 2022 - 2023

Department of ECE. K.K.GEC.K.R.PET

 COST - EFFECTIVE ELECTRONIC SETHOSCOPE USING ARDUINO UNO 2022 - 2023

PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Acoustic stethoscope scopes do not have the ability to amplify the

sounds, provide more attenuation for higher-frequency sounds, or
induce a high pressure on the ears for isolating heart sounds.

• Current electronic stethoscope price is in sky high

Department of ECE. K.K.GEC.K.R.PET

 COST - EFFECTIVE ELECTRONIC SETHOSCOPE USING ARDUINO UNO 2022 - 2023

FUTURE WORK

A promising development of a digital stethoscope equipped with mobile

signal processing that utilizes modern computing technologies. With this
mobile implementation, physicians can now utilize an additional visual
aspect to detect heart diseases. In addition, mobile devices can engage in
complicated processing tasks to provide further analyses which are not
possible with human ears nor eyes. The underlying effort can assist
physicians and make cardiac auscultation more accessible to medical
professionals

Department of ECE. K.K.GEC.K.R.PET

 COST - EFFECTIVE ELECTRONIC SETHOSCOPE USING ARDUINO UNO 2022 - 2023

REFRENCE

▪ B. Malik Et.al IEEE 2017. Design and Development of an Electronic

Stethoscope

▪ Max Q.-H Meng and Frank, P.-W Lo Et.al IEEE 2016. A Low Cost
Bluetooth Powered Wearable Digital Stethoscope for Cardiac Murmur

▪ Ramesha M, DankanGowda V, Jeevan KM, Sathisha B M Et.al IEEE

2020 . Implementation of IoT Based Wireless Electronic Stethoscope

▪ Szot, S., Levin, A., Ragazzi, A. and Ning, T Et.al ICSP 2018. A
Wireless Digital Stethoscope Design

▪ Shreyas S. Joshi, Manoj R. Pati, Nikhil P. Kanawade, Aparna P.Et.al

ESCI 2021. Bluetooth-based Wireless Digital Stethoscope

Department of ECE. K.K.GEC.K.R.PET