Name Septimo, Ricka Marie D.

Date 04/18/2020 Score:

Laboratory No 7: Frog Virtual Dissection
Frog Organ System
Objectives:
• Describe the appearance and function of various organs found in the frog.
• Name, locate, and identify the organs that make up various systems of the frog.
• To investigate how the internal structures of a frog adapt it to life on land and water.
• To compare body systems of a frog to those of a human

BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Frogs are classified as amphibians "live a double life". Frogs are part of the amphibian order, Anura.
Tadpoles are aquatic and herbivores. Adult frogs can live on land and in water and are carnivores.
Strong muscles and special fused bones help frogs be powerful swimmers and
jumpers. Frogs have loose, mucous lined skin to help them escape from predators, and keep
them wet which aides in cutaneous respiration (breathing through the skin). Tadpoles breathe
through gills. Frogs breathe though underdeveloped lungs and their skin. Cutaneous respiration
limits the frog’s body size. The backs of frogs are dark, while their undersides are light, to
camouflage them on land and water. Frog brains are smaller and less developed than other
vertebrates; they also have a 3 chambered heart.
Part 1: Digestive System
Go to the following website (Surgery Games-Frog Dissection):
http://www.surgery-games.org/43/Dissect-a-Frog.html
or download the Dissection Lab at Google Playstore

Click on the Screen to begin the game. Follow the directions to dissect the frog and identify key
organs. When you are done, answer the following questions:
a) What was your first step in beginning the dissection? The first step is placing the frog in the
dissection pan with the frog lying on its dorsal (back) side with the belly facing up. Then
pinning the frog by securing each of the four limbs to the pan.
b) How many cuts did you make to open the frog’s abdomen? __There are 8 cuts to open the
frog’s abdomen. 3 incisions in the frog’s skin and 5 cuts in the muscle.
c) What tools did you use to cut open the frog? __scalpel, scissors and forceps__
d) Label the organs you identified in the picture below: (10 points)

Tongue
Mouth

Esophagus
Liver
Pancreas
Gall Bladder
Small Intestine Stomach

Large Intestine
Matching Type:
Set A

Column A Column B
__A__1. pair of cartilages that guard the glottis A. eustachian tube
__H__2. catches the prey B. sulcus marginalis
__D__3. lodges the visceral organs C. stomach
__M__4. receives the pulvinar rostrale D. pleuro-peritonel cavity
__L__5. used to hold or grasp the prey E. arytenoids
__B__6. receives the lower jaw F. vocal cords
__N__7. increase the absorbing surface of the lungs G. pericardial cavity
__F__8. passageway of air needed H. tongue
__G__9.lodges the heart I. pancreas
__J__10. receives the tuberculum prelinguale J. median subrostal fossa
__I__ 11. secretes pancreatic juice K. pleura
__E__12. sound-producing organ L. maxillary teeth
__C__13. serves as temporary storage of food M. lateral subrostal fossa
__O_ 14. amplifies of sound N. alveoli
__K__15. membrane covering the lungs amplifiers of sound O. vocal sac
membrane covering of the lungs

Set B

Column A Column B
__L__1. lines the inner body wall A. mesorectum
_ D_ 2.anterior slit-like openings into the buccal cavity B. pylorus
__E__3. suspends an organ from the dorsal body wall C. omentum
__H_ 4. terminal opening of the digestive tract D. glottis
__A__5. mesentary of the large intestine E. mesentery
__I___6. passageway of bile from the gall bladder F. mesenterium or mesentery proper
__F__7. mesentary of the small intestine G. liver
__G__8. largest gland of the body H. anus
__D__9. slit-like opening of the larynx I. cystic duct
__K__10. mesentary of the stomach J. pharynx
__C__11. connects an organ to another organ K. mesogaster
__N_ 12. serves as temporary storage of bile L. parietal peritoneum
__O__13. longest and most coiled portion of the digestive tract M. internal nares
__J__14. common opening for both digestive and respiratory N. gall bladder
systems O. Ileum
__B__15. junction between the stomach and small intestine
Guide Questions:
1. How do you think the mouth and esophagus aid in the digestion process within a frog? 
The digestive system of a frog starts with the mouth. Mouth helps in consumption of food. This
process is known as ingestion. While the esophagus connects the mouth to the stomach. Thus, The
food mixed with saliva then moves from mouth into the pharynx, and then into the oesophagus. It
pushes the food further into the sac like structure stomach. This movement is food into the stomach is
known as deglutition or swallowing.
2. How does the stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, and small intestine aid in the digestive
process within the bullfrog?
Food particles in the stomach mix thoroughly with enzymes and other fluids due to contraction
of smooth muscles present in the stomach. The food which is partially digested in stomach then
proceeds in to the small intestine, where most part of the digestion occurs. It is divisible into
duodenum and ileum. Pancreatic juice is secreted from the pancreas and bile through the gallbladder
from the liver to the small intestine, which helps in completion of digestion. Absorption of the digested
nutrients in digestive system of a frog occurs in small intestine. Absorption unabsorbed nutrients and
reabsorption of water takes place in the large intestine.

Part II. Respiratory System

Label the diagram below:

Trachea
Mouth
Pulmonary Artery Esophagus
Right Lung
Left Lung

3. How does frogs respiratory system differ from a human’s respiratory system? Include the function
of the respiratory system in your answer
Through breathing, inhalation and exhalation, the respiratory system facilitates the exchange of gases
between the air and the blood and between the blood and the body’s cells. The respiratory system also
helps us to smell and create sound. In frogs, almost all of them have lungs but unlike humans the
diaphragm muscles are absent. In humans, the diaphragm muscle is use to push and pull the lungs
open and closed to aid in breathing. Frogs inhale air through their nostrils, inflating skin sacs in their
throats, then press down with the mouth muscles to force it into the lungs. Nevertheless, thhe major
difference is the ability of frogs to breathe underwater through their skin, in a process called
cutaneous respiration. Special blood vessels in the skin allow oxygen to be absorbed directly from the
water and carbon dioxide to be released through the skin into the water too.
Lateral aortae

External Carotid

Part III. Circulatory System Carotid Arch

Synangium
Carotid gland
Label the parts of the frog’s heart. Right carotid arch
Aortic trunk
Right systemic arch
Systemic Arch
Right pulmocutaneous arch Pulmonary Arch
Interatrial Septum
Right precaval Left precaval
Inter auricular septum
Opening leading to pulmocutaneous arch
Opening of pulmonary veins
Spiral valve
Left auricle
Cavum pulmocutaneoum Sinu-auricular aperture

Posterior row of semilunar valves A.V Aperture

A.V. Septum

Wall of Ventricle

Ventricle
Fissures
Pockets of ventricular cavity

4.How does the cardiovascular system work with other organ systems found within the frog
Posterior to keep it
vena cava

alive and maintain a homeostasis environment? Give examples of two body systems that work with
the cardiovascular system.
 The organ systems work together to help the body maintain homeostasis. The
cardiovascular and lymphatic systems transport fluids throughout the body and help sense
both solute and water levels and regulate pressure.Cardiovascular system also works with
respiratory system. Like humans, frogs have systemic circuits which pumps oxygenated
blood throughout the body. There is also pulmonary circuit which moves blood to the lungs to
pick up oxygen. Frogs also have a pulmocutaneous circuit, where deoxygenated blood is
transported to the skin to pick up oxygen and undergo gas exchange.

The organ systems also work together

Label the pathway of frog’s blood circulation.

Using the diagram explain the pathway of blood on frogs
A frog has three chambered heart. The
chambers include two atria and a single ventricle.
In the diagram, the arrows indicate the direction
Left Auricle
Right Auricle of the blood. The right atrium receives
deoxygenated blood from the veins and the
oxygenated blood from the lungs after purification
flows into the left atrium. Then, during atrial
Single Ventricle
contraction, blood flows into the single ventricle
and the deoxygenated bloodand oxygenated
Pericardium blood get mixed up. This is then pumped by the
ventricle to the rest of the body. Therefore, the
circulatory system in a frog can never carry
oxygen saturated blood.
Differentiate Human and Frog’s blood circulation
The frog’s heart is smaller than humans. A
frog only has a three-chambered heart, which
mixes oxygen rich and poor blood together
instead of keeping them separate. Their
circulatory system isn't as effective at oxygen
delivery as human’s four-chambered heart would
be. It doesn’t need to be as effective since they
can “breathe” through their skin as well, so there
are fewer demands on the heart for oxygen
delivery.