Naima Bukhari

Professor Sean Wilcox

General Biology M02B
7 November, 2020
Fetal Pig Dissection

1. Based on the external anatomy is your pig male or female? How can you tell?
The pig is male, and just like females it can have nipples, an umbilical cord, a bulge. A
genital papilla, urogenital opening is reflective of a female pig.

2. Can you locate any hair on your pig, a common characteristic of mammals? Where is
there the most hair?
Pigs usually have the most hair down the middle of the back.

3. What do the hard and soft palate separate?

The hard palate separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities. The surface of the soft
palate is a posterior continuation of the mucous membrane, but it contains no bone.

4. Is the trachea in front of or behind the esophagus?

The esophagus runs behind the windpipe/trachea) and heart, and in front of the spine. Just
before entering the stomach, the esophagus passes through the diaphragm.

5. How many chambers does the pig heart have?

Pigs, like other mammals, have four chambers in the heart. The right side of the heart
pumps blood to the lungs and the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body.

6. How does the size of the pig lungs compare to the size of the frog lungs you dissected
previously?
The main difference between a pig's and a frog's lung is that frogs are small for it to
breathe through their skin as well as their lungs. Like pigs, frogs have this system, but they
also breathe through their skin. When frogs are out of water, their bodies cover in a fine
mucus which absorbs O2 and transmits it through the skin and into the bloodstream. Pigs
have a standard structure such as bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs allowing it to inhale
oxygen and exhale CO2.

7. What role does the diaphragm play in respiration?

The diaphragm, located below the lungs, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a dome-
shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically, continually, and involuntarily. During
inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges.

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 8. What cavity contains the lungs?
The Thoracic Cavity is the ventral body chamber that contains the pleural cavity (the
lungs).

9. What cavity contains the heart?

The Thoracic Cavity is the ventral body chamber that contains the pericardial cavity (the
heart).

10. What is the function of the liver?

The liver produces bile with digestive enzymes. The liver's main job is to filter the blood
coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. The liver also
detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. As it does so, the liver secretes bile that ends
up back in the intestines.

11. What is the function of the gallbladder?

The gallbladder stores concentrated reservoir for bile and releases into small intestines.

12. What type of digestion occurs in the stomach?

Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth as the food is chewed. Chemical digestion
involves breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used by the cells.
Chemical digestion begins in the mouth when food mixes with saliva.

13. Name the three sections of the small intestines in order.

The three main regions of the small intestine are the duodenum, the jejunum, and the
ileum. The small intestine is where digestion is completed and virtually all absorption
occurs.

14. Name one process that occurs in the large intestine.

The large intestine absorbs water and salts and concentrates undigested materials.

15. Which digestive organs located in the abdominal cavity are considered to be
accessory organs?
The accessory organs of the abdominal cavity are liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen,
kidneys, adrenal glands, and mesentery. The digestive organs would be the liver, pancreas,
gallbladder, and salivary glands.

16. Where does the renal vein transport blood?

The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior
vena cava and carry oxygenated blood filtered by the kidney.

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 17. Where does the pulmonary artery transport blood?
Pulmonary arteries carry blood low in oxygen from the right side of the heart to the lungs
and often contain blue latex. Pulmonary veins carry blood rich in oxygen to the left side of
the heart and rarely contain any latex.

18. List three similarities between the pig internal anatomy and human internal
anatomy.
a. Lungs – Like humans, pigs have multi-lobed lungs.
b. Pericardium, vena cava, esophagus, phrenic nerve – these other thoracic organs
are basically the same in pigs and humans.
c. Stomach, spleen, bile duct system, small intestines, kidneys, bladder– the
remainder of the abdominal organs found in the fetal pig are basically the same as
found in humans.

19. List three differences between the pig internal anatomy and human internal
anatomy.
a. Liver – the human liver has four lobes: right, left, caudate and quadrate. The fetal
pig liver has five lobes: right lateral, right central, left central, left lateral, and
caudate.
b. Intestines – there is a significant difference in the structure of the fetal pig colon
compared to the human colon. The pig colon is spiral.
c. Adrenal glands – In the fetal pig, the adrenal glands are found near the aorta
towards the cephalic end of the kidneys, instead of on top of the kidneys as is the
case in humans.

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