KENAF &

TOBACCO
 1) KENAF
 Scientific name: Hibiscus cannabinus
 Family: Malvaceae
 Native of Central Africa
 Other common names: Deccan Hump, mesta, Bimli
Patam jute, or Java jute

 Short term annual crops

 closely related to cotton and okra (Hibiscus genus)
 Morphologically : Kenaf also closely related to
roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
 Under taxonomical classification, both Kenaf and
Roselle are in the Fucaria section of hibiscus.
Kenaf replacing Tobacco – Big why ?

The background - Kenaf !

 As one of the efforts to reduce smoking habit, government keen to reduce

the tobacco plantation areas.
 But, it will affect the tobacco growers.
 One way to resolve this matter is by replacing tobacco with Kenaf.
 Kenaf replacing Tobacco – Big why ?

 Early effort: In Kedah, National Kenaf and Tobacco Board (NKTB) has
introduced Kenaf to replace tobacco since 2006.

 Atearly stage 2006, only 3 growers took part involving area of 7.4
hectares

 In2008, there are about 45 growers involved in Kenaf planting, covering

the area of about 80 hectares after the encouragement by NKTB
National Kenaf and Tobacco Board (NKTB) –
Kenaf - Significant date 2008 & 2010

 2008: the proposal of National Kenaf and Tobacco Board Act was presented
in parliament.

 April 1, 2010: implementation of National Kenaf and Tobacco Board Act 2009
to replace the National Tobacco Board (Incorporation) Act 1973.
 Tojustify the new regulation, the National Kenaf and Tobacco Board
(NKTB) officially founded, replacing the old agencies of National Tobacco
Board (NTB).
 The headquarters of this agency is located in Kelantan.
 Tobacco production: reduced from 7 tonnes (2009) to 4 tonnes (2010)
as early steps under new regulation
National Kenaf and Tobacco Board
(NKTB) – Controlling Tobacco !

 Also involve in control and supervise the tobacco industry besides

conducting research on other uses of tobacco like pharmaceutical
products (Bernama, 2010).

 Tobacco industry is not vanished completely

 NKTB responsible to plan, operate, coordinate, implement and

monitor all research and development activities relating to
cultivation, production, harvest, extraction, processing, storage,
transportation, usage and marketing of national tobacco
Tobacco in 2015 (DOA, 2016)
Industry background
Economic importance

 2014: 2,000 ha of planted area

 2020: 10,000 ha (Under ECER

program)
 Target by LKTN under Pelan
Induk Pembangunan
Industri Kenaf 2014-2025
 Estimated yield of 150,000
metric ton, RM75
million/year
Economic important - Its Various Uses !!
Economic important - Its Various Uses !!
Economic important - Its Various Uses !!
 Widely known for its fibrous characteristic.
 can be processed into many products such as paper, ropes, twines,
animal feeds, animal bedding, and the seed oil.

 Advance improvement also enabled Kenaf to be processed into high

quality products (e.g. vehicle dashboards and mobile phone housings)

 Particleboard manufacturing
 Kenaf strength was found that the internal bond strength of Kenaf has
satisfied the standard requirement set by European Standardization
Committee for general purpose and furniture manufacturing
 Young or immature Kenaf

 can be used as high quality

feed for livestock

 high proportion of ruminally

degradable protein which
can improve microbial
growth in rumen, dry
matter uptake, and
microbial protein synthesis
Further details
Morphology
 Morphology of Kenaf

 can grow up to 12 to 14 feets

in 4 to 5 months, with proper
management such as
adequate fertilization and
maintenance.
Propagation
Morphology of Kenaf

 Propagation: using seeds

 Under normal condition, the seeds

requirement is about 6-30 kg/ha.

 Good and viable seeds can reach up

to 75% to 80% of germination rate
Variety
Variety
 Seeds production
Optimum plant population is in the range of 250,000 to 400,000 plants/ha
Seeds production
 Kenaf yield & composition – Factors influence ?
Kenaf yield and composition are depending on certain factors. Beside
fertilizers, there are several other factors that also affecting the yield and
composition of Kenaf including (Anon., 2004).;-

 Cultivars,
 planting date,
 photosensitivity,
 length of rowing season,
 plant populations, and
 plant maturity
Field planting requirements
Crop requirement ?

 Optimum yield of Kenaf can be obtained if Kenaf receive at least 5 inches of water,
either by rainfall or irrigation

 optimum plant population is in the range of 250,000 to 400,000 plants/ha

 Fertilizer application rates :

150 kg nitrogen/ha,
20 kg phosphorus/ha and
50 kg potassium/ha
Pests and Diseases of Kenaf

 Leaf Deformation (geminivirus)

 Vector: White flies
 Leafspot
 Pathogen: Fungi
 Curvularia senegalensis, Nigrospora
oryzae, Exserohilum rostratum
 Powdery Mildew
 Pathogen: fungus
 Leveillula taurica
 leaf defoliation, abortion of floral
structures and early-stage seed pods
 TOBACCO
 Scientific name: Nicotiana tabacum or Nicotiana rustica
 Family: Solanaceae
 Native: South and North Americas
 In Malaysia: Tok Bali and Bachok (main areas)
Uses

 Mostly for cigarette production

 tobacco oils: used in biofuels
 extract from tobacco called solansole, for use in several drug types

 Tobacco industry is not vanished completely

 NKTB responsible to plan, operate, coordinate, implement and

monitor all research and development activities relating to
cultivation, production, harvest, extraction, processing, storage,
transportation, usage and marketing of national tobacco
Economic importance
 Market price: RM14-15/kg (Grade 1)
Morphology

 Grow up to 1-2 m
 Crop cycle: 4 months
 Leaves:
 Produce nicotine (up to 18%)
 28-32 leaves upon maturation
Length: up to 50 cm
Width: up to 25 cm
 Propagation : seeds
Pests of Tobacco
Disease of Tobacco

Black root rot caused by Thielaviopsis basicola