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ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ
١٤٣٣ – ١٤٣٢ﻫـ
١ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻉ
א
ﲨﻌﺎ ودراﺳﺔ(.
اﳌﻘﻨﻊ ﻷﰊ إﺳﺤﺎق ﺑﺮﻫﺎن اﻟﺪﻳﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﻠﺢ)ت ً (٨٨٤
אא W
ﻻ ﺷــﻚ أن ﻟﻜــﻞ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮع ﻣــﻦ اﻷﺳــﺒﺎب واﻟــﺪواﻓﻊ ﻣــﺎ ﻳــﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺑــﺔ ﻓﻴــﻪ واﳊــﺮص
ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ,وﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﻲ دﻋﺘﻨﻲ إﱃ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻫﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ:
-١أن ﻋﻠـ ــﻢ اﻟﺘﺨـ ــﺮﻳﺞ ﻋﻠـ ــﻢ ﻳﻨﻤـ ــﻲ اﳌﻠﻜـ ــﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴـ ــﺔ ,وﻳـ ــﺪرب اﳌـ ــﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻋـ ــﲆ اﻻﺳـ ــﺘﻨﺒﺎط
واﻟﱰﺟﻴﺢ ,وﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ وﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻷدﻟﺔ.
-٢أن ﲣﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔﺮوع ﻋﲆ اﻷﺻﻮل ﻣﻦ أﻗـﻞ ﳎـﺎﻻت اﻷﺻـﻮل ﺑﺤ ًﺜـﺎ ,ﻣـﻊ أﳘﻴﺘـﻪ واﳊﺎﺟـﺔ
إﻟﻴﻪ ,وﻏﺰﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺗﻪ.
ﻓــﺈن اﻟﻐﺎﻟــﺐ ﰲ ﻣﺆﻟﻔــﺎت ﻋﻠــﻢ أﺻــﻮل اﻟﻔﻘــﻪ اﲡﻬــﺖ إﱃ ﺗﻘﺮﻳــﺮ اﳉﺎﻧــﺐ اﻟﻨﻈــﺮي دون
اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘ ــﻲ ,ﺑﻤﻌﻨ ــﻰ أﳖ ــﻢ ﳞﺘﻤ ــﻮن ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳ ــﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ــﺪة اﻷﺻ ــﻮﻟﻴﺔ واﻻﺳ ــﺘﺪﻻل ﳍ ــﺎ ودﻓ ــﻊ
اﻻﻋﱰا ﺿــﺎت اﻟــﻮاردة ﻋﻠﻴﻬــﺎ ,دون اﻻﲡــﺎه إﱃ ﺗﻘﺮﻳــﺮ اﻷﻣﺜﻠــﺔ اﻟﺘــﻲ ﺗﻮﺿــﺢ اﻟﻘﺎﻋــﺪة,
وﺗﺒـ ــﲔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـ ــﺔ اﺳـ ــﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ,ﺑﺤﻴـ ــﺚ ﻳﻈﻬـ ــﺮ ارﺗﺒـ ــﺎط اﻟﻘﺎﻋـ ــﺪة اﻷﺻـ ــﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘـ ــﺎت
اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ.
وﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳــﺔ −إن ﺷــﺎء اﷲ −إﺳــﻬﺎم ﺑــﺈﺛﺮاء ﻋﻠــﻢ أﺻــﻮل اﻟﻔﻘــﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺜﻠــﺔ واﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘــﺎت
اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻷﺻﻮﻟﻴﺔ.
-٣ﱠ
إن ﻛﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﺪع ﰲ ﴍح اﳌﻘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ وأﺟﻮد اﻟﴩوح اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠـﺔ ﳌـﺘﻦ
ﻛﺜﲑا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳـﻊ
اﳌﻘﻨﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻓﻖ اﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ − ♫−وﻗﺪ ﺣﻮى اﻟﴩح ً
ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ,ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة ﻛﱪى ,وﺛﻤﺮة ﻋﻈﻤﻰ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ.
-٤ﱠ
إن ﻫــﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳــﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨــﺴﺒﺔ إﱠﱄ ﰲ ﻫــﺬه اﳌﺮﺣﻠــﺔ ,أﻛﺜــﺮ ﻓﺎﺋــﺪة وأﻋﻈــﻢ ﻧﻔ ًﻌـﺎ ,إذ أﻗــﻒ ﻣــﻦ
ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻷﺻﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ.
א
ﻣﻮﺿــﻮع ﻫــﺬه اﻟﺮﺳــﺎﻟﺔ ﻫــﻮ :ﲣــﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔــﺮوع ﻋــﲆ اﻷﺻــﻮل ﻣــﻦ ﻛﺘــﺎب اﳌﺒــﺪع ﰲ ﴍح
ﲨﻌﺎ ودراﺳﺔ.
اﳌﻘﻨﻊ ,ﻟﱪﻫﺎن اﻟﺪﻳﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُﻣﻔﻠﺢ )ت ً (٨٨٤
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ,وﲤﻬﻴﺪ ,وأرﺑﻌﺔ أ ﻮاب ,وﺧﺎﲤﺔ ,وﻓﻬﺎرس.
وﺟﺎءت ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﱠ
اﳌﻘﺪﻣــﺔ :ﻓــﺎﺣﺘﻮت ﻋــﲆ أﳘ ﱢﻴــﺔ اﳌﻮﺿــﻮع ,وأﺳــﺒﺎب اﺧﺘﻴــﺎره ,وأﻫﺪاﻓــﻪ ,وﻣــﻨﻬﺞ
ﻓﺄ ﱠﻣــﺎ ﱠ
اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﳋﺎص ,وﻣﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﺎم ,واﻟﺸﻜﺮ واﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ.
وأ ﱠﻣــﺎ اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴــﺪ :ﻓﺎﺷــﺘﻤﻞ ﻋــﲆ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳــﻒ ﺑﻌﻠــﻢ ﲣــﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔــﺮوع ﻋــﲆ اﻷﺻــﻮل ,وﺗﺮﲨــﺔ
ﻟﱪﻫﺎن اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﺑﻦ ُﻣﻔﻠﺢ ,وﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﺪع.
وأﻣﺎ اﻷ ﻮاب اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻵﰐ:
ﱠ
اﻟﺒ ــﺎب اﻷول :ﲣ ــﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔ ــﺮوع ﻋ ــﲆ اﻷﺻ ــﻮل ﻣ ــﻦ ﻛﺘ ــﺎب اﳌﺒ ــﺪع ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﺣ ــﺚ اﳊﻜ ــﻢ
اﻟﴩﻋﻲ.
اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ :ﲣﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔﺮوع ﻋﲆ اﻷﺻﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﺪع ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻷدﻟﺔ.
اﻟﺒــﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟــﺚ :ﲣــﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔــﺮوع ﻋــﲆ اﻷﺻــﻮل ﻣــﻦ ﻛﺘــﺎب اﳌﺒــﺪع ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﺣــﺚ دﻻﻻت
اﻷﻟﻔﺎظ.
اﻟﺒــﺎب اﻟﺮا ﺑــﻊ :ﲣــﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔــﺮوع ﻋــﲆ اﻷﺻــﻮل ﻣــﻦ ﻛﺘــﺎب اﳌﺒــﺪع ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﺣــﺚ اﻟﺘﻌــﺎرض
واﻟﱰﺟﻴﺢ واﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎد واﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ.
وأ ﱠﻣ ـ ــﺎ اﳋﺎﲤ ـ ــﺔ :ﻓﺎﺷـ ــﺘﻤﻠﺖ ﻋـ ــﲆ أﻫـ ــﻢ ﻧﺘـ ــﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺒﺤـ ــﺚ ,واﻟﺘﻮﺻـ ــﻴﺎت اﻟﺘـ ــﻲ ﺧـ ــﺮج ﲠـ ــﺎ
اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ.
وأﺧﲑا :اﻟﻔﻬﺎرس اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﳌﻨﻮﻋﺔ.
ً
واﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ اﻟﺬي ﺑﻨﻌﻤﺘﻪ ﺗﺘﻢ اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت,,,
The Study Abstract:
Study Title: Takhreej (concluding the legal rules) of Al-Frouaa Ala Al-Asoul
(the branches on the principals) from Kitab Al-Mubdaa bin Sharh Al-Muqnaa,
By Burhan Al-Din Ibrahim Bin Mohammed Bin Mufleh (D.884) collectively and
studying.
The study consists of an introduction, preface, four sections, conclusion, and
indexes.
The introduction includes the importance of the study, reasons of selecting this
topic, the objectives of this study, the special research method, general research
method and Acknowledgement.
The preface includes the definition of Takhreej Al-Frouaa Ala Al-Asoul (the
principals on the branches) and its translation by Brhan Al-Din Ibn Mufleh , and
an introduction to Kitab Al-Mubdaa (Al-Mubdaa Book).
While the four sections as the following:
The first section: includes Takhreej the Al-Frouaa Ala Al-Asoul (the principals
on the branches) from Al-Mubdaa book in legal rule subject.
The second section: includes Takhreej the Al-Frouaa Ala Al-Asoul (the
principals on the branches) from Al-Mubdaa book in semantics subject.
The third section: includes includes Takhreej the Al-Frouaa Ala Al-Asoul (the
principals on the branches) from Al-Mubdaa book in semantics subject.
The fourth section: includes Takhreej the Al-Frouaa Ala Al-Asoul (the
principals on the branches) from Al-Mubdaa book in opposition, preference, and
demonstration.
The conclusion includes the most important results and recommendations by the
researcher.
Finally , the various scientific indexes.
٦٢١ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻉ
א
اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﳌﻮﺿﻮع
اﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ١ ....................................................
أﳘﻴﺔ اﳌﻮﺿﻮع وأﺳﺒﺎب اﺧﺘﻴﺎره ٢ .............................
أﻫﺪاف اﳌﻮﺿﻮع ٣ ........................................
اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ٣ .......................................
ﺗﻘﺴﻴﲈت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ٣ ........................................
ﻣﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ٩ ...........................................
اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ :اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔﺮوع ﻋﲆ اﻷﺻﻮل ,واﻹﻣﺎم ﺑﺮﻫﺎن اﻟﺪﻳﻦ
اﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﻠﺢ ,وﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ :اﳌﺒﺪع ١٦ ...............................
اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول :اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔﺮوع ﻋﲆ اﻷﺻﻮل ١٧ ..........
اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ :ﺗﺮﲨﺔ اﻹﻣﺎم ﺑﺮﻫﺎن اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﻠﺢ٣٠ .............. .
اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﺪع٤٤ ...................... .
ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻉ
ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ٤٨.........................................
اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول :ﲣﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔﺮوع ﻋﲆ اﻷﺻﻮل ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﳊﻜﻢ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻔﻲ ٤٩ ......
اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول :ﲣﺮﻳﺞ اﻟﻔﺮوع ﻋﲆ اﻷﺻﻮل ﰲ اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ٥٠ ............
اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول :ﻣﺎﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﱠإﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ واﺟﺐ٥١ ............
اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ :اﻟﻌﺰم ﻋﲆ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ اﳌﻮﺳﻊ٥٨ .............. .
اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﻓﺮض اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﳚﺐ ً
ﻋﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻦ أن ﻏﲑه
ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻪ ٦٤ ..............................
٦٢٢ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻉ