LABORATORY EXERCISE NO.

3
SIMULATION OF HYBRID SOLAR PV SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION:
A hybrid solar system combines the benefits of both on-grid (grid-tied) and off-grid
systems. It allows for the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, with a
backup power source, usually batteries or a generator. The hybrid system can operate connected
to the grid but also can function independently during grid outages or when the grid supply is
unreliable.

System Production
In a solar project, system production provides a comprehensive set of performance
metrics that are used to evaluate the energy output, efficiency, and sustainability of a solar PV
system. These parameters include produced energy, specific production, performance ratio, and
solar fraction ratio.
1. Produced Energy refers to the overall amount of electrical energy generated by a solar
PV system over a given period. This is an important parameter since it provides an estimate of
the system's annual energy output and enables comparison with other solar projects.
2. Specific Production is the ratio of the produced energy to the installed capacity of the
solar PV system. It indicates the system's energy output per unit of installed capacity and is
important in comparing different solar PV systems of varying capacities and measuring the
system's overall efficiency.
3. Performance Ratio (PR) indicates a PV system's efficiency in converting solar energy
into usable electrical energy. It is the ratio of the solar PV system's actual energy output to its
theoretical energy output. PR is critical in determining the system's predicted energy output and
comparing the performance of different solar PV systems under similar conditions. A high PR
shows that the system is efficient.

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 4. Solar Fraction Ratio (SF) is the ratio of the energy produced by the solar PV system to
the total energy consumed by the system, including backup sources. It indicates the extent to
which the solar PV system can meet the site's energy needs and so reduce reliance on grid power
or other backup sources. A high SF implies that the system is meeting a greater proportion of the
site's energy demand.

Energy Losses
On the other hand, to precisely evaluate the energy production of a solar PV system under
real-world operating conditions, we can use simulation software to find the following:
1. Array Nominal Energy at STC is the amount of energy that the solar PV system would
produce if all of its components were operating under standard test circumstances (STC), which
typically involve a solar irradiation of 1000 W/m2 and a cell temperature of 25°C. This parameter
represents the system's optimal energy production. Array Virtual Energy at MPP considers the
impact of operational conditions on system performance. In the real world, solar irradiance and
temperature vary throughout the day, and these variations affect system performance as well as
module, mismatch, and wire losses.
2. Available Energy at Inverter Output measures the amount of energy that is available at
the inverter's output and may be utilized by the load. Using these, we can calculate the system's
real energy output after accounting for all of the energy losses that occur within the system.
To calculate the percentage losses in the array and inverter in our system, we can use the
formula:

% Array and Inverter Loss = Array Nominal Energy − Array Energy at Inverter Output
𝑥 100
Array Nominal Energy

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Economic Evaluation:
To determine the viability and profitability of the solar PV system, assessing its financial
performance is necessary. This can be done by analyzing:
Total Investment represents the overall cost of the solar PV system and serves as a
baseline for measuring the system's economic performance.
1. Payback Period length of time it takes a solar PV system to make enough money to
recover its total cost. As it provides an estimate of how long it will take to recover the initial
investment and start making a profit, this parameter is crucial in establishing the system's financial
viability.
2. Return on Investment (ROI) is a metric used to assess how profitable a solar PV system
is. An indicator of how well a system generates revenue is its return on investment (ROI).
3. Cost of Produce Energy (LCOE) is the average cost of generating one unit of energy
during the lifespan of a solar PV system, taking into account all system-related expenses such as
installation, upkeep, and operations.

OBJECTIVES:
• Learn how to use PVsyst software to choose components, simulate and optimize a
hybrid solar PV system.
• Analyze and compare the energy production and losses of a hybrid solar PV system

CONSIDERATIONS:
1. Energy Load Demand
Consumption: Daily load demand from your household’s monthly
electricity bill
2. PV Array Orientation:
Azimuth: 0° (Due South)
Roof Tilt Angle: 20°

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PROCEDURE:
1. Design a hybrid solar PV system for your house capable of meeting the 50% of daily
load demand. From your electricity bill, calculate the daily energy load demand (the
morning energy needs only)
2. Calculate the size of the solar PV system.
3. Calculate the size of the inverter:
4. On PVsyst, create first a New Grid-Tied Solar PV project, import the geographical
location and monthly meteo.
5. In the orientation, select a fixed tilted plane for the field type, and input the values of
azimuth and tilt angle.
6. Choose a brand and size solar PV Module from the PVsyst database, then calculate
its quantity.
7. Choose a brand and size of the hybrid inverter from the PVsyst database.
• At least a single phase, 230 VAC, and 60 Hz inverter
• Has a built-in 2 MPPT charge controller
8. On self-consumption, input the given energy demand.
9. Calculated the size of the battery system. Then, choose a brand and size of the battery
as well as its rating.
10. Choose a brand and rating for a charge controller.
11. Include the economic evaluation.
For the investment, consider various expenses, but not limited to:
• Components
• Installation
For the financial parameters
• Project Lifetime: 20 years
• Start year: 2024
• Inflation: 4%
• Financing: Own Funds

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 • Tariff: 4.5 Php/kWh
12. Run the simulation.
13. Generate and save the PDF report
14. Input the generated data that are required in the tables below.

RESULTS:

Monthly kwh demand = 1227 kwh

Daily kwh demand = Monthly demand/30 days
Daily kwh demand = 40.9 kwh
Daily kwh demand = 20.5 AM kwh

a). Size of the Solar PV System (kwp)

1. Total Daily Demand (kwhr) = 20.5 kwh

2. Peak Sun (hrs) = 4.5 hrs
3. Losses (%) = 10%

Size of the Solar PV System

(kwp) = total daily demand /
peak sun * losses

Size of the Solar PV System

= 4.54 kwp
w/out considering losses
Size of the Solar PV System
= 5 kwp
considering losses

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 b). Size of the Grid-tied PV Inverter (kw)

Considerations:
AC/DC ratio = kw rating of the inverter /
DC kwp of solar pv
system

AC/DC ratio = 1.2

PV inverter size
= 5.45 kw
w/out considering losses
PV inverter size
= 6 kw
considering losses

Jinko Solar JKM370M-72-V (370W)

Nominal Max. Power (Pmax) = 370 Wp
Opt. Operating Voltage (Vmp) = 39.9 V
Opt. Operating Current (Imp) = 9.28 A
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) = 48.5 V
Short Circuit Current (Isc) = 9.61 A

Size of the PV system

No. of Solar Panels = considering lossess /
Pmax
No. of Solar Panels = 13.5105
approx.
No. of Solar Panels = 14 pcs
Total Array Power = 5180 W

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 Solaxpower Hybrid Inverter 6 kW

Max. PV Input DC power = 6000 Wp

Max. input DC voltage (B) = 500 V
Max. input current (D) = 27 A
Number of MPP tracker/strings = 1 strings/inverter
MPPT operating voltage range (F) = 120-450 V

Nominal AC Power = 6000 VA

Power factor = 0.95
Rated output power = 5700 W
Rated output voltage = 220/230/240 V
Max. AC output current = 26 A
Nominal grid frequency/range = 50/60 hz
Nominal Battery Voltage (E) = 48 VDC

No. of PV Inverters = PV inverter size/rated output power

No. of PV Inverters = 0.30877193 apprx. 1 pc
AC generating Capacity = 5700 W

No. of Strings of Solar Panel = 1 strings

No. of Solar panels in series per string = 7 pcs panels/string
No. of Solar Panels string in Parallel = 2 pcs
Total String Voltage of Solar Panel (A) = 339.5 V
Total String Current (C) = 19.22 A

A<B OKAY
A<F OKAY
C<D OKAY
E=G OKAY

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 Battery

Nominal Battery Voltage (G) = 48 V

Depth of Discharge = 60% LA
Day of Autonomy = 1

Battery Bank Capacity Total watt-hour per day x day of autonomy

0.85 x 0.6 x Nominal Voltage
Battery Bank Capacity 245.098 Ah

Battery Specifications: Narada MPG 12V 200Ah, Lead-Acid, sealed Gel

12 VDC
200 Ah

Nominal Energy
= ((12V x 4 )(200 AH) ) x 2
Storage Capacity
Nominal Energy
= 19200 Wh
Storage Capacity

Usable Energy @ 60%

11520
(G) = Wh
50% Total Wh in 1 day
(H) = 3000 Wh

G > H OKAY

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 Mounting Structure Components
Mounting rails = 8 pcs of 3.3m length
plus 2 pcs of 2.2m length
L-foot = 28 pcs
middle / inter clamp = 18 pcs
end clamp = 20 pcs
end cap = 8 pcs
grounding clip = 18 pcs
grounding lugs = 4 pcs
splice kit = 6 pcs

Energy Loss Percentage

8.84 − 7.38
x 100 = 16.52%
8.84

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 Table1:
Selected PV Module, Inverter and Battery
PV Module

Manufacturer: Jinkosolar
Model: JKM 370M-72-V\
Type: Monocrystalline
Rating: 370 Wp, 5.18 kWp
Modules: 2 strings x 7 in series

Inverter
Solaxpower
Manufacturer: X3-Hybrid-6.0kW
Model: 2 MPPT
MPPT: 6 kWac
Rating:

Battery

Manufacturer: Narada
Model: MPG 12V 200Ah
Technology: Lead-acid, sealed Gel
Nb. of units: 2 in parallel x 4 in series
System Voltage: 48V
Stored Energy: 7.9 kWh

Table 1 presents the utilized components for the hybrid solar PVS system. The solar

modules employed were manufactured by Jinkosolar. These modules are monocrystalline, rated

at 370 Wp, and have a total capacity of 5.18 kWp. They are configured in 2 strings, with each

string consisting of 7 modules in series. The chosen hybrid inverter is the X3-Hybrid-6.0kW model

from Solaxpower. This inverter features 2 maximum power point tracking (MPPT) inputs to

optimize power output and has a rating of 6 kWac for maximum alternating current output

capacity. Additionally, the battery system utilized Narada's MPG 12V 200Ah model, which

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employs lead-acid, sealed Gel technology. The battery system comprises 2 units connected in

parallel and 4 units in series, resulting in a system voltage of 48V. Notably, the battery system

has a stored energy capacity of 7.9 kWh. These details are essential for understanding the

configuration of the solar energy system and its energy storage component in the research.

Table 2.
System Production

Item

Produced Energy
7.38 MWh/year
(MWh/year)

Specific Production 1425 (kWh/kWhp/year)

(kWh/kWhp/year)

Performance Ratio 81.44 %

(PR) (%)

Solar Fraction Ratio 39.74 %

(SF) (%)

Table 2 presents the energy production of the hybrid solar PV system. The produced

energy recorded was 7.38 MWh/year. The specific production which signifies the energy

generated per installed kilowatt-peak, is 1425 kWh/kWhp/year. The performance ratio (PR) which

measures the system's efficiency, showed 81.44%. The solar fraction ratio (SF), which illustrates

the proportion of total energy consumption fulfilled by solar energy is 39.74%. These metrics yield

valuable insights regarding the overall performance and efficacy of the hybrid solar PV system.

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 Table 3.
Array and Inverter Energy Loss

Item

Array Nominal
8.84 MWh
Energy at STC (MWh)

Array Virtual Energy 7.62 MWh

at MPP

Available Energy at 7.38 MWh

Inverter Output (MWh)

Energy Loss 16.52%

Percentage

Table 3 presents the parameters related to the energy production and loss in the simulated

hybrid solar PV system. The array nominal energy at STC represents the expected energy output

under standard test conditions, with a value of 8.84 MWh. The array virtual energy at MPP refers

to the virtual energy production at the maximum power point, with a value of 7.62 mwh. the

available energy at inverter output indicates the actual energy available at the inverter's output,

with a value of 7.38 MWh. Lastly, the energy loss percentage represents the percentage of energy

loss in the system, calculated as 16.52%. These provide insights into the energy generation and

efficiency of the solar energy system, highlighting the energy losses that occur during the

conversion and transmission processes.

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 Table 4.
Economic Evaluation

Item

Total Investment Php 192, 384

Payback Period 16.7 years

Return on Investment 9.3 %

Cost of Produce Energy 2.805 Php/kWh

(LCOE)

Table 4 presents parameters related to the economic evaluation of the hybrid solar PV

system. The total investment for the system is Php 192,384, indicating the initial capital

expenditure required for installation and setup. The payback period is 16.7 years, which

represents the time required to recover the initial investment through energy savings or revenue

generated from the system. The return on investment (ROI) is calculated as 9.3%, indicating the

percentage return on the investment over a specified period. This metric helps assess the

profitability and financial viability of the solar energy system. The cost of produced energy,

represented as the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), is 2.805 Php/kWh. This metric provides an

estimation of the average cost of producing one kilowatt-hour (kWh) of energy from the solar

system, considering both the upfront investment and the operational costs over the system's

lifespan. A lower LCOE value suggests a more cost-effective energy production.

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ANALYSIS:

1. What impact do losses in PV modules, inverters, and batteries have on the overall

energy production of the hybrid solar PV system?

Losses in PV modules, inverters, and batteries can significantly affect the overall

energy production of the hybrid solar PV system. PV module losses, such as shading, dirt,

or degradation, can reduce the efficiency of solar energy conversion and subsequently lower

the energy output. Inverter losses, including conversion and transmission losses, can also

impact energy production by reducing the efficiency of converting direct current (DC) from

the solar panels into alternating current (AC) usable by the electrical grid. Battery losses,

such as self-discharge or internal resistance, can further decrease the available energy

stored and supplied by the battery system. Therefore, minimizing losses in PV modules,

inverters, and batteries is crucial for optimizing the energy production and overall

performance of the hybrid solar PV system.

2. Based on the results, do you consider the simulated design of the hybrid solar PV

system to be a feasible and valuable solution for meeting energy demands and

reducing dependence on the grid?

The simulated design of the hybrid solar PV system appears to be a feasible and

valuable solution for meeting energy demands and reducing dependence on the grid.

The system demonstrates significant energy production, with an annual production of

7.38 MWh/year and a specific production of 1425 kWh/kWhp/year, indicating its capability to

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 generate a substantial amount of electricity. Furthermore, the system operates efficiently with

a performance ratio (PR) of 81.44%, maximizing energy output compared to standard test

conditions. The solar fraction ratio (SF) of 39.74% highlights the system's ability to fulfill a

significant portion of total energy consumption through solar energy, reducing reliance on the

grid.

In terms of economic viability, the system shows positive indicators. The return on

investment (ROI) of 9.3% suggests the potential for a favorable financial return over the

specified period. Additionally, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 2.805 Php/kWh

indicates relatively cost-effective energy production, considering both upfront investment and

operational costs.

Considering the system's energy production, efficiency, solar contribution, and

economic viability, it is reasonable to conclude that the simulated design of the hybrid solar

PV system holds promise as a feasible and valuable solution.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, the laboratory experiment successfully achieved its objectives by simulating

a hybrid solar PV system and analyzing its energy production and losses using PVsyst software.

The experience provided us with valuable knowledge and skills in component selection, system

simulation, and optimization. The analysis of the simulated hybrid solar PV system revealed

promising results. With an annual energy production of 7.38 MWh/year and a specific production

of 1425 kWh/kWhp/year, the system showcased its capability to meet energy demands

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effectively. Furthermore, the system operated with a performance ratio (PR) of 81.44%, indicating

its efficiency in maximizing energy output compared to standard test conditions. The solar fraction

ratio (SF) of 39.74% emphasized its contribution to reducing grid dependence.

Economically, the hybrid solar PV system showed positive indicators. The return on

investment (ROI) of 9.3% indicated a favorable financial return over the specified period, while

the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 2.805 Php/kWh suggested a cost-effective energy

production.

By utilizing PVsyst software, we gained practical insights into designing, simulating, and

optimizing hybrid solar PV systems. The experiment highlighted the significance of component

selection, energy production analysis, and economic evaluation in determining the feasibility and

value of such systems. Overall, this hands-on activity enhanced our understanding of hybrid solar

PV systems and their potential to meet energy demands while reducing dependence on the grid.

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 Version 7.1.5

PVsyst - Simulation report

Grid-Connected System

Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant
No 3D scene defined, no shadings
System power: 5.18 kWp
Batangas - Philippines

Author
 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

Project summary
Geographical Site Situation Project settings
Batangas Latitude 13.77 °N Albedo 0.20
Philippines Longitude 121.06 °E
Altitude 30 m
Time zone UTC+8

Meteo data
Batangas
Meteonorm 7.3, Sat=43% - Synthetic

System summary
Grid-Connected System No 3D scene defined, no shadings

PV Field Orientation Near Shadings User's needs

Fixed plane No Shadings Monthly values
Tilt/Azimuth 20 / 0 °

System information
PV Array Inverters Battery pack
Nb. of modules 14 units Nb. of units 1 Unit Storage strategy: Self-consumption
Pnom total 5.18 kWp Pnom total 6.00 kWac Nb. of units 8 units
Pnom ratio 0.863 Voltage 48 V
Capacity 400 Ah

Results summary
Produced Energy 7.38 MWh/year Specific production 1425 kWh/kWp/year Perf. Ratio PR 81.44 %
Solar Fraction SF 39.74 %

Table of contents
Project and results summary 2
General parameters, PV Array Characteristics, System losses 3
Main results 6
Loss diagram 7
Special graphs 8
Cost of the system 9
Financial analysis 10
CO₂ Emission Balance 12

01/06/23 PVsyst Licensed to Page 2/12

 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

General parameters
Grid-Connected System No 3D scene defined, no shadings

PV Field Orientation
Orientation Sheds configuration Models used
Fixed plane No 3D scene defined Transposition Perez
Tilt/Azimuth 20 / 0 ° Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
Circumsolar separate

Horizon Near Shadings User's needs

Free Horizon No Shadings Monthly values

Storage
Kind Self-consumption
Charging strategy Discharging strategy
When excess solar power is available As soon as power is needed

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year
20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 kWh/day

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Inverter
Manufacturer Jinkosolar Manufacturer Solaxpower
Model JKM 370M-72-V Model X3-Hybrid-6.0kW
(Original PVsyst database) (Original PVsyst database)
Unit Nom. Power 370 Wp Unit Nom. Power 6.00 kWac
Number of PV modules 14 units Number of inverters 2 * MPPT 50% 1 units
Nominal (STC) 5.18 kWp Total power 6.0 kWac
Modules 2 Strings x 7 In series Operating voltage 180-950 V
At operating cond. (50°C) Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 0.86
Pmpp 4690 Wp
U mpp 255 V
I mpp 18 A

Total PV power Total inverter power

Nominal (STC) 5 kWp Total power 6 kWac
Total 14 modules Nb. of inverters 1 Unit
Module area 27.2 m² Pnom ratio 0.86
Cell area 23.9 m²

Battery Storage
Battery
Manufacturer Narada
Model MPG 12V 200
Battery pack Battery Pack Characteristics
Nb. of units 4 in series Voltage 48 V
x2 in parallel Nominal Capacity 400 Ah (C10)
Discharging min. SOC 60.0 % Temperature Fixed 20 °C
Stored energy 7.9 kWh

01/06/23 PVsyst Licensed to Page 3/12

 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

PV Array Characteristics
Battery Storage
Battery input charger
Model Generic
Max. charg. power 0.0 kWdc
Max./Euro effic. 97.0/95.0 %
Battery to Grid inverter
Model Generic
Max. disch. power 0.9 kWac
Max./Euro effic. 97.0/95.0 %

01/06/23 PVsyst Licensed to Page 4/12

 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

Array losses
Thermal Loss factor DC wiring losses Module Quality Loss
Module temperature according to irradiance Global array res. 233 mΩ Loss Fraction -0.8 %
Uc (const) 20.0 W/m²K Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K/m/s

Module mismatch losses Strings Mismatch loss IAM loss factor

Loss Fraction 2.0 % at MPP Loss Fraction 0.1 % ASHRAE Param: IAM = 1 - bo(1/cosi -1)
bo Param. 0.05

01/06/23 PVsyst Licensed to Page 5/12

 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

Main results
System Production
Produced Energy 7.38 MWh/year Specific production 1425 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 81.44 %
Solar Fraction SF 39.74 %
Battery aging (State of Wear)
Cycles SOW 100.0 %
Static SOW 91.7 %
Battery lifetime 12.0 years

Economic evaluation
Investment Yearly cost LCOE
Global 192'384.00 PHP Annuities 0.00 PHP/yr Energy cost 2.80 PHP/kWh
Specific 37.1 PHP/Wp Running Costs 8'933.42 PHP/yr
Payback period 16.7 years

Normalized productions (per installed kWp) Performance Ratio PR

Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_User E_Solar E_Grid EFrGrid
kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh MWh MWh MWh
January 124.8 59.22 25.57 143.5 140.2 0.631 0.636 0.240 0.371 0.396
February 132.0 58.51 25.96 146.4 143.2 0.639 0.574 0.219 0.401 0.355
March 178.0 76.19 27.12 184.6 180.1 0.797 0.636 0.268 0.506 0.368
April 182.8 70.89 28.12 176.8 171.7 0.757 0.615 0.261 0.475 0.354
May 167.3 78.89 28.48 151.2 145.8 0.653 0.636 0.266 0.367 0.370
June 155.6 75.12 27.78 137.9 133.0 0.599 0.615 0.251 0.329 0.364
July 146.4 80.69 27.74 132.1 127.4 0.577 0.636 0.252 0.305 0.383
August 134.9 71.99 27.78 127.2 123.0 0.554 0.636 0.245 0.290 0.391
September 135.5 71.49 27.10 135.4 131.6 0.591 0.615 0.239 0.333 0.376
October 129.7 79.55 27.26 136.7 133.0 0.600 0.636 0.252 0.329 0.384
November 121.6 62.19 26.59 137.0 133.6 0.600 0.615 0.239 0.342 0.376
December 121.6 66.18 25.87 140.6 137.2 0.621 0.636 0.244 0.358 0.392
Year 1730.3 850.92 27.12 1749.4 1699.8 7.618 7.483 2.974 4.406 4.509

Legends
GlobHor Global horizontal irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation E_User Energy supplied to the user
T_Amb Ambient Temperature E_Solar Energy from the sun
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane E_Grid Energy injected into grid
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings EFrGrid Energy from the grid

01/06/23 PVsyst Licensed to Page 6/12

 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

Loss diagram
1730 kWh/m² Global horizontal irradiation
+1.1% Global incident in coll. plane

-2.83% IAM factor on global

1700 kWh/m² * 27 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors

efficiency at STC = 19.14% PV conversion

8.84 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-0.79% PV loss due to irradiance level

-10.98% PV loss due to temperature

+0.75% Module quality loss

-2.10% Mismatch loss, modules and strings

-1.05% Ohmic wiring loss

7.62 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP
-3.00% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power

0.00% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
-0.01% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
-0.12% Night consumption
7.38 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

0.00% Battery IN, charger loss

Stored Direct use
grid Battery Storage
0.0%
consumption 100.0%
0.00% Battery global loss
66.0%
(0.00% of the battery contribution)
of time
0.00% Battery OUT, inverter loss

4.51 2.97 4.41 MWh Dispatch: user and grid reinjection

to user to user to grid

from grid from solar

01/06/23 PVsyst Licensed to Page 7/12

 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

Special graphs
Daily Input/Output diagram

System Output Power Distribution

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 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

Cost of the system

Installation costs

Item Quantity Cost Total

units PHP PHP
PV modules
JKM 370M-72-V 14 4'000.00 56'000.00
Inverters
X3-Hybrid-6.0kW 1 50'000.00 50'000.00
Batteries 8 10'000.00 80'000.00
Other components
Rails 10 400.00 4'000.00
L-foot 28 33.00 924.00
Middle Clamp 18 17.00 306.00
End Clamp 20 22.00 440.00
End Cap 8 10.00 80.00
Grounding Clip 18 22.00 396.00
Grounding Lugs 4 22.00 88.00
Splice Kit 6 25.00 150.00
Total 192'384.00
Depreciable asset 186'000.00

Operating costs

Item Total
PHP/year
Maintenance
Cleaning 6'000.00
Total (OPEX) 6'000.00
Including inflation (4.00%) 8'933.42

System summary
Total installation cost 192'384.00 PHP
Operating costs (incl. inflation 4.00%/year) 8'933.42 PHP/year
Unused energy 2974 kWh/year
Energy sold to the grid 4406 kWh/year
Cost of produced energy (LCOE) 2.805 PHP/kWh

01/06/23 PVsyst Licensed to Page 9/12

 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

Financial analysis
Simulation period
Project lifetime 20 years Start year 2024

Income variation over time

Inflation 4.00 %/year
Production variation (aging) 0.00 %/year
Discount rate 2.00 %/year

Income dependent expenses

Income tax rate 0.00 %/year
Other income tax 0.00 %/year
Dividends 0.00 %/year

Financing
Own funds 200'000.00 PHP

Electricity sale
Feed-in tariff 4.50 PHP/kWh
Duration of tariff warranty 20 years
Annual connection tax 0.00 PHP/kWh
Annual tariff variation 0.0 %/year
Feed-in tariff decrease after warranty 50.00 %

Self-consumption
Consumption tariff 0.00 PHP/kWh
Tariff evolution 0.0 %/year

Return on investment
Payback period 16.7 years
Net present value (NPV) 17'886.75 PHP
Return on investment (ROI) 9.3 %

Detailed economic results (PHP)

Gross Run. Deprec. Taxable Taxes After-tax Self-cons. Cumul. %

income costs allow. income profit saving profit amorti.

2024 19'828 6'000 0 13'828 0 13'828 0 -186'172 7.2%
2025 19'828 6'240 0 13'588 0 13'588 0 -172'584 14.3%
2026 19'828 6'490 0 13'338 0 13'338 0 -159'246 21.2%
2027 19'828 6'749 0 13'079 0 13'079 0 -146'168 28.0%
2028 19'828 7'019 0 12'809 0 12'809 0 -133'359 34.6%
2029 19'828 7'300 0 12'528 0 12'528 0 -120'831 41.2%
2030 19'828 7'592 0 12'236 0 12'236 0 -108'595 47.5%
2031 19'828 7'896 0 11'932 0 11'932 0 -96'663 53.7%
2032 19'828 8'211 0 11'616 0 11'616 0 -85'047 59.8%
2033 19'828 8'540 0 11'288 0 11'288 0 -73'759 65.6%
2034 19'828 8'881 0 10'946 0 10'946 0 -62'813 71.3%
2035 19'828 9'237 0 10'591 0 10'591 0 -52'222 76.8%
2036 19'828 9'606 0 10'222 0 10'222 0 -42'000 82.1%
2037 19'828 9'990 0 9'837 0 9'837 0 -32'163 87.2%
2038 19'828 10'390 0 9'438 0 9'438 0 -22'725 92.1%
2039 19'828 10'806 0 9'022 0 9'022 0 -13'703 96.8%
2040 19'828 11'238 0 8'590 0 8'590 0 -5'113 101.3%
2041 19'828 11'687 0 8'140 0 8'140 0 3'027 105.5%
2042 19'828 12'155 0 7'673 0 7'673 0 10'700 109.5%
2043 19'828 12'641 0 7'187 0 7'187 0 17'887 113.3%
Total 396'555 178'668 0 217'887 0 217'887 0 17'887 113.3%

01/06/23 PVsyst Licensed to Page 10/12

 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

Financial analysis
Yearly net profit (Electricity salePHP)

Cumulative cashflow (Electricity salePHP)

01/06/23 PVsyst Licensed to Page 11/12

 Project: LAB 3
Variant: New simulation variant

PVsyst V7.1.5
VC0, Simulation date:
01/06/23 17:07
with v7.1.5

CO₂ Emission Balance

Total: 82.6 tCO₂
Generated emissions Saved CO₂ Emission vs. Time
Total: 9.64 tCO₂
Source: Detailed calculation from table below:
Replaced Emissions
Total: 106.3 tCO₂
System production: 7379.89 kWh/yr
Grid Lifecycle Emissions: 480 gCO₂/kWh
Source: IEA List
Country: Philippines
Lifetime: 30 years
Annual degradation: 1.0 %

System Lifecycle Emissions Details

Item LCE Quantity Subtotal

[kgCO₂]
Modules 1713 kgCO2/kWp 5.18 kWp 8872
Supports 3.20 kgCO2/kg 140 kg 448
Inverters 317 kgCO2/ 1.00 317

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