Q.1 first, we did the experiment of half wave uncontrolled rectifier without any capacitor.

This is
the waveform we get.

waveform after we apply the capacitor

To restrict the output voltage ripple voltage to 10% we decided the capacitor value with this
formula

C=t/(0.1*R) where t is the Time period of Half wave output which is 20 mili second (frequency is
50hz) and R we have used is 500 ohm so capacitance is coming 400 micro farad and we have
used 440 microfarad capacitor because we don’t have exact 400 microfarad capacitor.

Mathematical analysis of half-wave rectifier

After passing through supply voltage through a step-down transformer source voltage RMS
value is coming 13.31 volts. peak value is (13.31*root(2)) and in half wave rectifier we get output
dc voltage is (peak_value/pi) in our case it is come theoretically according to this formula 5.9916
volts and in the experiment, we are getting 5.832volt.

Full wave rectifier

This is a waveform of a full wave rectifier without a capacitor we get

after we apply the capacitor below the waveform we get (yellow denotes voltage and blue
denotes current) through our resistive load.
To restrict the output voltage ripple voltage to 10% we decided the capacitor value with this
formula

C=t/(0.1*R) where t is the Time period of Half wave output which is 10 millisecond (The time
period is reduced to half compared to half wave rectifier), and R we have used is 500 ohm, so
capacitance is coming to 200 microfarads and we have used 240 microfarad capacitor because
we don’t have exact 200 microfarad capacitor.

Mathematical analysis of full wave rectifier

After passing through supply voltage through a step-down transformer source voltage RMS
value is coming 13.31 volts. peak value is (13.31*root(2)) and in half wave rectifier we get output
dc voltage is (2*peak_value/pi) in our case it is come theoretically according to this formula
11.9832 volts and in the experiment, we are getting 10.3volt.

For calculating ripple in output voltage we use (the delta voltage/ peak voltage ) method so delta
v we are getting 1.28 volts and peak voltage is (13.31*root(2)) so this ratio is coming to 6.8
percent)(which is lower than 10%) because we are using a higher capacitor that's why this ratio
value is less.
Three-phase controlled three pulse

This is waveform without capacitor

After applying capacitor we are getting such waveform

To restrict the output voltage ripple voltage to 5% we decided the capacitor value with this
formula

C=t/(0.05*R) where t is the Time period of Half wave output which is (20/3) mili second
(frequency is 50hz) and R we have used is 500 ohm so capacitance is coming 266.66
microfarads.

Three phase Six pulse rectifier

Without capacitor waveform

After capacitor waveform

To restrict the output voltage ripple voltage to 5% we decided the capacitor value with this
formula

C=t/(0.05*R) where t is the Time period of Half wave output which is (20/6) mili second
(frequency is 50hz) and R we have used is 500 ohm so capacitance is coming 133.33
microfarad capacitor.