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 ;

A Survey of the

Spaniih-Weft-Indies.
BEING
A Journal of Three thoufand and Three hundred Miles
on the Continent of

A_M E R I C^4¿
By THO. GAGE, Gent.

GIVING
An Account of the Spanifh Navigation thither; their
Government, Caftles, Ports, Commodities,
9
Religion,
Mulatto s,Mefiifo\ Indians
Pi iefts and Friers, Negros,
and of their Feafts and Solemnities.
ALSO
His own Voyage from Spain toS. JohndeUibua; and
thence to XaUpa, Tlaxcaüa, Ciudad de los Angelas,
Í

and Mexico: With a Defcription of that

great City, as in former times, and at
prefem.
LIKEWISE
Guate-
His Journey thence through Guaxaca, Cbiapa,
mala, Vera Faz,,&c. with his abode XII. years about
Guatemala, and an Account of his Return into
his Native Country England t Defeating
Nicaragua
Vorto Cartas
Cofia Rica, to Ntcoja,Fanama,
bello,
and
getta and Havana.
With aGRAMMAR, or iome few Rudiments of
the Indian Tongue, c alled Foc onc bi or Focoman.

With an Exact Map of the Country.

LONDON: Printed for Thomas Home, at the

South Entrance of the Royal-Exchange. 1701.

i
 To the Reader,

TUe Divine ^Providence hath

ordered my life, that for thegreate/l part
hitherto fo

thereof I have lived ( as it were ) in exile

from my native Countrey : which happened, part-

ly•, by reafon of my Education in the (B$mifh Re-
ligion, and that in forán Univerfit'tes ; and part-
ly, by my entrance into Monaflical Orders. For
twelve years fpace of which time, I was wholly

difpofed of in that part of America called New

Spain, and the parts adjacent. My difficult

going thither not being permitted to any y but to

thofe of the Spanifli Nation ; my long /lay

there ; and laftly my returning home,, not only

to my Country, but to the true knowledge and

free profejfion of the Gofpels <Purity , gave me
reafon to conceive. That thefi great mercies were
not appointed me by the Heavenly ffomrs, to

the end 1 fbould bury my Talant in the earth, or

hide my light under a bufbel, but that I fbould

impart what 1 therej aw and knew to the ufe and
benefit of my Englifli Countrey-men : And
which the rather I held m) felf obliged unto, he«
caufe in a manner nothing hath been written of
i <B i thifc
 To the Reader.
thefe Parts for thefe hundred years loft paft,
which is almoft ever fince the firft Conqueft
thereof hy the Spaniards, who are contented to

lofe the honour of that wealth and felicity they

have there fince pur chafed by their great endea-
vours, fo they may enjoy the fafety of retaining
what they have formerly gotten, in peace and fe-
curity. In doing whereof 1 [hall offer no ColleBi-
ons,but fuch as [halt arife from mine own Objerya*
tionsjvhich will as much differ from what formerly
Ijath been hereupon written, as the PiBure of a
per¡on grown to Mans eftate, from that which
was taken of him when he was but a Child-, or
the laft hand of the Painter, to the firft or rough
draught of the PiBure. To my Country -men
therefore I offer a New World, tobe the fub-
jeB of their future Pains, Valour and Piety,
defiring their acceptance of this plain but faithful
(¡Relation of mine, wherein the Englifh Nation
may fee what wealth and honour they have loft

by the overfight of Iijng Henry VI f. who lu

"oing in peace and abounding in riches, did not"
withftanding unfortunately rejeB the offer of be-
ing firft í)i[co*verer of America, and left it to

Ferdinando o/* Aragón, win at the fame time

was wholly taken up by the Wars, in gaining of
J

the
 To the Reader,
the City and J{ingdom of Granada from the

Moors 5 being fo impoverifbed thereby, that he

was compelled to borrow with fome difficulty a

few Crowns of a very mean man, to fet forth
Columbus upon fo glorious an Expedition.
And yet, if time were clofely followed at the heels
we are not fo far behind, but we might yet take
him by thefore4op. To which purpofe our *Plan*
tations of the Barbadoes, St. Chriftophers^
Mevis, and the reft of the Caribe-Iilands have
not only advanced our journey the better part of
the way ; but fo inured our people to the Clime

of theIndies, as they are the more enabled there-

fry to undertake any enterprife upon the firm
Land with greater facility* Neither is the dif-

ficulty fo great as feme may imagine 5 for I dare

be bold to affirm it knowingly, That with the
fame pains and charge which they have been at in
planting one of thofe petty Iflands, they might
have conquered fo many great Cities and large
Territories on the main Continent, as might very
well merit the Title of a Kingdom. Our Neigh-
bours the Hollanders may be our example in
this caje, who whiljl we haVe been driving a pri-
vate Trade from Port to^Port, of which we are
now likely to be deprived, have conquetedfo much
Land
 HE
To the Reader.
Land in the Eaft and Weft-Indies, that it may
be faid of them, as of the Spaniards, That the

Sun never kts upon their Dominions. And

to meet with that ObjeBion by the
way. That
the Spaniard* being entituled to thofe Coun-
tries, it were both unlawful andagainft all

conscience todifpoflefs him thereof. 1 an-

fwer,that ( the
Tofes Donation excepted) I know

no title he had but Force, which by the fame title,

and by a greater force, may be repelled. And to

bring in the title of Firft Difcovery, to me it
feems as little reafon, that the failing of a Spa-
nifli Ship upon the Coajl of India, fhould entitle

the Kjng o/Spain to that Countref, as the fail-

ing of an Indian or Englifli Ship upon the Coajl

of Spain, fhould entitle either the

Indians or
Englifli unto the Dominion thereof. No que-

ftion but the juft^ight or Title tothofe Countries

appertains to the Natives themfelves 5 who if they
(hall willingly and freely inyite the Englifli to

their frotetlion, what Title foeVer they have in

them, no doubt but they may legally transfer it

or communicate it to others. And to fay that the

inhumane butchery which the Indians did for-

merly commit infacrificing of fo many reafonable

Creatures to their wicked Idols, was a fufftcient

warrant
 ;

To the Reader
warrant for the Spaniards to divefl them of their
; The fame Argument may by much
Country bet-

ter reafon be enforced again/i the Spaniards

themfelves, who have facrificed fo many millions

of Indians to the Idol of their barbarous cruelty y

that many populous IJlands and large Territories
upon the main Continent, are thereby at this day
utterly uninhabited, as Barcholomeo de las

Cafas the Spaniíh Sifhop o/Guaxaca in New

Spain, hath by his Writings in ¡Print fufflciently

teftified. iBut to end all difputes of this nature

jince that God hath given the earth to the Jom of
Men to inhabit ; and that there are many yaB
Countries in thofe parts, not yet inhabited either
by Spaniards or Indian, why jhould my Country-
men the Engliili be debarred from making uje of
that which God from all beginning, no quejlion,
did ordain for the benefit of Mankind *
_
 Chap. L

NEW SURVEY
OF THE

Weft-Indies
C H A P. L

Bono Rome doth yearly vifit the American and

Afian Kingdoms,

H E Policy, which for many years hath

upheld the erring Church 'of Hows, hath
clearly and manifeftly been d [covered hf
i

the many Errors which. in feverai times

by fundry Synods or General Councils,
( which commonly are but Apes of the
Popis fancy, will, pleafure, and ambition ) have beers
enacted into that Church. And for fuch purpofes doth
that man of Sin, and Antichriftian Tyrant, keep cbnftantly
in Rome fo many poor Peníionary Biihops as hounds at his
Table fmelling out his ambitious thoughts, with whom h?
fills the Synods, when he calls them, charging tifefS never

'to leave off barking and wearing out the reti oft he Ph>.
lates, till they have them all as a prey unto his proud ana
imbitious defigns 5 from which if any of them dare to iVart,
ot only their penilous (hall be furely forfdicdj bat their
i ;

foils
 m l

'% J New Survey Chap. L

fouls (hall be curfed,and they as Hereticks Anathematized
with a Cenfure of Excommunication lat£ fententU. Hence
fprung that Miller- piece of Policy, decreeing that the Pope
alone ihould be above the General Council, left otherwife
one Mans pride might be curbed by many heads joyned to-
gether v And fecondly, that Synodical definition, that the
Pope cannot Err, that though the Councils power, wifdom
and learning were all lifted into one mans brain, all points
of faith (trained into one head and channel h yet the people
(hould not ftagger in any lawful doubts, nor the Learned fort
follow any more the light of Reafon, or the funihine of the
Gofpel, but all yielding to blind Obedience, and their moft
holy Fathers infallibility, in the foggy and Chirnerian mift of
ignorance,. might fecure their fouls from Erring, or devia-
ting to the Scylla or Cäryhdis of Schifm and Herefie. What
judicious eye, that will not be blinded with the napkin of
ignorance, doth not eaiily fee that Policy only hath been
the chief Ador of thofe damnable Opinions of Purgatory,
Tranfubftantiation, Sacrifice though unbloody ( as they
term it) of the Wafs, Invocation of Saints, their Canoni-
zation or inftalling of Saints into the Kingdom of Heaven,
Indulgences, Auricular Confeilion, with fatisfa&ory Pe-
nance, and many fuch like: All which doubtlefs have been
commanded as points of Faith, not fo much to fave thefe
wretched fouls, as to advance that crackt-brain'd head in the
conceits of his European wonderers, who long ago were
efpied out by the Sphitof John wondring after the Beair,
worihippinghimfor his power, and faying, Who U like
unto the Beajl, who is able to mak¿ IVarwith him Rev.
? 153,4.
Thus can Policy invent a Purgatory, that a Pope may be
fought from all parts of Europe, nay from
Eafi and
Weft-
Indias, to deliver fouls from that imaginary Fire
which
Gcd never created, bm he himfelF hath fancied, that fo
much gici-y may beafcribed to him, and his power wondered
at, who can plunge into torments,
condemn to burning,
and when he lift, deliver out of lire. Much more would
he be admired, and his goodnefs extolled, if he woulc
deliver at once all thofe his Purgatory Piifonew withoi/
Chap. I. of the Weft-Indies.' 5
the Simoniacal receipt of mony. But Policy can afford an
infinite price and value of a Sacrifice of the Mafs 5 to delude
the ignorant people, that though they leave their whole
tftates to enrich Gloifters, and fat proud Prelate? ana
Abbots i yet this is nothing, and comes far ihortf being
finite) to that infinite Sacrifice, which only can andmuft
deliver their fcorching, nay broiling fouls : And if this

infinite Sacrifice be which will not be enough,

not enough, (

whereas Chrifts infinite fatisfa&ion was not enough in the

opinion of that erroneous Church ) Policy will give yet
power to a Pope, fi divhu aflkant, if mony and rich
bribes abound, to grant fuch plenary indulgences, which
may upon one Saints day, or at fuch a Saints Altar, work
that foul out, which lyeth lurking and frying in the dcepert
pit of Purgatory. O
who is like unto the Beaft i But will
thofethat wonder at him, be alfo wondered at as workers
of Wonders and Miracles ? Policy will give power to a
Pope toCanonize fuch, and fet them at Gods right hand,
fit to be prayed unto,and called upon as Judges of our
necc-fifmes, and Audiiors of our wants: But this honour
tnuft be given, alter that the whole College of Cardinals
have been clothed with new Purple Robes, and Loads of
mony brought tothe Court of Rente \ Witnefs thofe many
thoufand pounds, which the City of Barcelona, and the
whole Country of Catalonia fpent in the Canonizing of.

Raimundo de Pennafort, a Dominican Fryer: Witnefs at

leaft ten Millions, have been credibly informed,
which I

that the Jtfuits fpent for the Canonization of their two

Twins, Ignatius Loiola, whom they
and Fravcifcus Xavier,
call the Eaft-hdia Apoftle. not leven years ago
And it is

yet that it was my chance to Travel from Frankford in Ger-

many as far as Milain in company of one Fryer John Baptift^
a Francifcan, who told me, That was the fourth time r»f
his going to Rome from Valentía in the Kingdom of Arragon_
in Spain "about theCanonization of" one John Caplftrano or.
the fame Order h and that betides the great Alms which he
*ad begged over many Countries, ( and in that journey
vent puroofely to Infiittgio the Priaee Leopoldo for his AU»s
B i
-
ana
4 J New Survey Chap, I.

and Letters of Commendation to the Pope and Cardinals >

he had fpcnt of the City of Valentía only five thouiand
Duckets, and yet was not his Saint enthroned, as he defired,
in Heaven ; but mil mony was warning, and more de-
marded for the Dignifying with a Saints Title, him who
had lived a Mendicant and begging Fryer, Thus are thofe
blinded Nations brought by Policy to run to Rome with
Rich Treafures, and thus do they ftrive who ihall have moil
Saints of their Country or Nation, though impoverilhing
themfelves, whilft at Rome Ambition and Policy fay not,
It is enough, fit mates for theHorfleech his two Daughters,
crying, Give, give, ¥rov. 30. 15, Give, fay they, and the
rigid Penance juftly to be impofed upon thee for thy fins
mofthiinous,{hallbe extenuat<d and made eafie for thee.
Give, fry they, and thou ihalt bedifpenfed with to marry
thy ncareft Kinfwoman or Kinfman. It would be a long
ftojy to infer t here how the Popes Policy fucks
out of
England our Gold and Authorizing of ous
filver for the
Papifts private Chambers and Altars for the gaining of
Indulgence in them, and delivering of fouls out of Purga-
tory, when Malíes are faid and heard at them. Thus hath
Romes Policy blinded and deceived many of the European
Kingdoms and with the fame greedinefs gapes at fa and
5
/2
America. Who would not admire to fee that at this day in
America only, the Popes Authority and ufurped power is
extended to as many Countries as all Europa contains,
wherein no Religion but meer blind Obedience and Subje-
#ion to that Man of Sin is known? And dayly may it
more and more encreafe, whereas the King of Spain glory-
eth to have received from the Pope power ever thofe King-
doms far greater than any other Princes of Europe have
enjoyed from him. But the pity is, that what power thefe
Princes have, they much acknowledge it from Rome, having
given their own power and iirength to the Beaft Rev.
17.13.
luffering themfelves to be diverted of any Ecclcfiaaicai
power over the Clergy, and unabled to tender any Oath of
Supremacy and Allegiance to their own and natural Sub-
jects, only fo far as his Holincfs (hall give them powr.
Whió,
^hap. I. of the Weft- Indies. j
Vhich, Policy fince the Conqueft of the Weft- India's*
rirft

nd Ambition to advance the Popes name, hath granted

5 the Kings of Spain, by a fpecial Title, naming thofe
[ingdonrv? "El Patrimonio Real, The Royal Patrimony i
pon this Condition, that the King of Spain rnuit main-
lin there the Preaching oí the Gofpel,Fryers, Priefts and Je-
ñts to-Preächit, with all the Erroneous Popiíh Dodrines i
fhich tend to the advancement of the Popes Glory, Power,
nd Authority. So that what power he hath diverted him-
:lf of, and invefied the Pope with i what power other Prin-

js are divefted of, and the King of Spainin his Kingdoms

f Europe, from medling in Ecclefiailicsl affairs, or with

xcleliaftical men
Arch Biíhops, Biihops, Priefts, Jefuits,
;

lonks and Fryers fame power by way of Royal Patii-

j that
íony is conferred upon him in the India's only. And this
nly Politickly to maintain their Popery jelfe never would
have fo much increafed there ; for poor Priefts and Mendi-
mt Fryers would never have had means enough to be at
íe charges of fending yearly Flocks and Sholes of Fryers

lither, neither to keep and maintain them there > neither

/ould the Covet oufnefs of the Popes themfelves have af-
)rded out of their full and Rich Treafures, means fuffi-
maintaining of fo many thoufand Preachers as
ient for the
t day are Preaching there, more Rome and Antichrifts
this
ame, than name of Chrift and the truth of the Gofpel.
nd Policy having thus opened away to thofe American part?,
k

íe charges being thus laid upon the Grown of Spain, and

íe honour of a Royal Patrimony, with power over the
ilergy thus conferred upon the Kings of Spain h how doth
ie Pope yearly charge the Catholick King with Troops of
efuits and Fryers to be conveyed thither ? Now the Jefuits
the beft Scholars ofRomts Policy ) feeing this to be thus
:iled between the Pope and the King of Spain, for the

ícrealing of their Order, and to fupprefs the increafe of

ther Religious there, have thought firft of a way of chai-
:nging all the India's to themfelves, alledging that Francis
'avierius companion of Ignatius Loiola was the firft Preacher
iit ever Preached in the Eafi-7ndia% and fo by right that
B 3 they.
é A New Survey Chap. 1.

they being of his proftffion ought only to be fent thither»

£ ut this their way being flopped by the oppoiition of all
other Religious Orders, especially by the folicitation of one
Fryer Diego Celliado, a Dominican, as hereafter X will ihew
more largely. Now, fecondly, their Policy is to lean more
to the Popes of £o:»e4 than any other of thofe Orders, by a
fpecial Vow which they make above the three Vows of other
Orders, Poverty, Ghaftiiy 5 and Obedience to their Superiors *,

to wit, to be always ready to go to Preach when or whither

ioever the Pope (hall fetid them, and to advance his nam--,
defend his power in what parts foever, maugre whatfoever
danger, or oppoiition. Thus though the remotentfs of
America may difcourage other Orders from going thither to
Preach, and their free-will which is left unto them to make
choice of fo long and tedious a journey may retard their
readinefi and the dangers of the Barbarians unwi!!ingr,efs
tofubmittoa Popes power, and admit of a new Religion
as fupcriUtious as their own , may affiight them from
haiarding their lives among a Baibarous, Rude, and idola-
trous peoples yet if all others fail, the Pope, and the
Jefuits being thus agreed, and the King oí Spain bound
by the new Royal Patrimony, Preachers have not, nor (hall
ever bz wanting in thofe pans: And infiead of the old
Jefuits and Preachers grown in age, yearly are fent thither
a they call them ) either of Voluntiers, Fryers
iííions ( as

Mendicants, Priefts or Monks, or elfe of forced Jefuits:

All which entring once into the Lift and Bond or Misiona-
rles, muir abide there, and be maintained by the King of

Spain ten years. And whofoever before the ten years ex-
pired, (hall deGre to fee Spain again, or runagatc-ltkeihall
return, may be conihrained ( if taken in Spain ) to return
«gain to the India's, as happened whüft I lived in thofe
it

parts, to one Fryer Peter de Bdcazar a Dominican, who

pnvily flying back to Spain, was the year after (hipped, and
retiored again to his forced fervice under the Pope of Rome,.
And thus doth Policy open the ways to thofe remote and
forain parts of America. Thus hath Policy wrought upon
the King of Spain \ and Jefuitica] Policy meeting with
Anti-;
Chap. 11. of the Weft- Indies; 7
and Ambition, doth Rome
Anticlirifts Policy yearly vide her

new nurfed Children, greeting that Infantile Church of Afia

and America with Tioops of MefTengers one after another,
like Jobts MeiTengers, bringing under pretence
of Salvation,
Damnation and mifery to their poor and wretched fouls.

Chap. ÍÍ.

pretence of
Shewing that tie Indians Wealth under a
hearts of
their Converfion hath corrupted the
poor begging Fryers, with Strife, Hatred and
Ambition*

a moft true and certain faying, Odia RdigkrmmfefM

ITacerb^ma,
is

hatred grounded in poiníü and differences

the nre to that
of Religion ( let me add, if Ambition blow
and uncapable pf reconciliation.
hatred) is the moft bitter
íes Do&or
Nay,it is an obfervation worth noting of fomef
nearer arly are unto a con»
Day upon i Cor. 16.9) that the

junction in matteis of Religion, and yet feme

difference re-
obfeives, a Jewhates
tained, the deeper is the hatred ; as he
or a Turki a
a Chriftian far worfe than he doth a Pagan,
Papift hates a Protenant worie than he doth
a Papifi. No
Heaven faith he as that between a For-
fuch hatted under ( )

malift, and a Puritan, whereof our now Domeftick and

Civil Wars may be a fad and wofui experience. A truth
which made Paul burft out inco a lamentable complaint,
1 Cor. 1*. 9. faying, A great door and effe&ual is opened unto

me> and there are many adversaries*

And as when the door of true Faith once is opened, then
points of
Adverfaiies begin to (warm and rage i fo in all
faifeand feigned Religion, whe*e the entrance £0 it islakl
open, hatred and enmity will ad their parts. But much
more if with füch pretended Religion, Wealth and Ambi-
s B4 tion
 r

8 A New Survey Chap. II.

tion as Cou nterfeit Mates thruft hard to enter at the opened

door, what Strife, Hatred, and Envy do they kindle even in
the hearts of fuch who have Vowed Poverty and the Con-
tempr of Worldly Wealth i I may add to what hath beenob-
feived above, that no Hatred is comparable to that which is
between a Jefuit and a Fryer ,or any other oí Romes Religi-
ous Orders i And above all yet, between a Jefuit, and a
Dominican. The Ambition and Pride of Jefuits, is inconti-
nent in a Kingdom or Common-wealth with any fuch as
maybe equal to them in Preaching, Counfel or Learning.
Therefore iirive they fo much for the Education of Gentle-
mens Chi'dren in their Colleges, that by Teaching the Sons,
the love of the Fathers and Mothers may be moreeaiiiy
gained and their iove and good wiil thus gained, they may
:

withal gain to themfelves whatfoever praife, honour, glo-

ry may be he to btflowed upon any other Eccleíiafíical
Perlón. Which Policy and Ambition in them being fo
patent and known to ali the World, hath'itirred up in all
other Rehgions a Hatred to them uncapabk ever ofRecon-

ciliation. This hath made them all to conipire againfl;

them, and to difcover their unfatisfied Covetoufnefs in be-
guiling the rich Widows of what means hath been left them
by their deceafed Husbandstc Ered and Build thofe (lately
Colleges beyond the Seas, the light whereof both outward
and inward doth draw the Ignorant Pepple to refort more
to their Churches and Preaching than to any other. Thus
whiles in Venice they got the' favour of one of the chief
Senatois of that Common-wealth, they Politickly drew
him to make his Will according to their will and pleafure,
leaving to his Sen and Heir no more than what they ihould
think fit to afford him, But they appropriating to them-
felves the chiefeft part of the young Heirs Means, and with
fo proud a Legacy thinking to overpower all other Orden,
were by them oppofed fo, that the Wiil was called for by
the whole State and Senators of Venice, fully examined,
and they commanded tort /tore to the Heir the whole Efiate
as enjoyed by his Father. Well did that wife Senate con-
ceive, that as one Noble man had been Cheated by them of

his
 ^

Chap. II. of the WeiUndies; 9

hisFortunes, fo might they one by one,and fo at length the
Riches of Venice might become a Treafure only for Jefuits
to maintain the Pride and Pomp of their Glorious Fabricks.
And though thofe Vowed Servants to the Pope obtained his
Excommunication againir the whole Eftate of Venice upon
non-complying with the aforefaid Will and Teftament v
yet fudi was the Preaching of all other Priefts and Orders
againftthem, that they caufed the State to flight the Ex-
communication, and in Iku of making them Hens of the
deceafed Senator's Eftate, they flaamefull y Baniíhed them out
of Venice, Thus alfo have the Prkfts and Fryers of Bife aya
in S/w» prevailed agsinft the admitting of Jefuits into
San-Sebajiian^ though by the favour of Tome they have in
feveral occaííons obtained an houíe and erected a Bell to
Ring and fummon in the people to their pretended Church
and College. Nay the very houfe whereing their. Patron
Ignatius have they often feriouily offered to
Loiola lived,
buy been the opposition of the
for a College's yet fuch hath
Priefts and Fryers of that Country, that they havedaihed
to nought their often iterated endeavours to purchafe that
which they efteem their chiefeft Ftelick. But to come nearer
to our own Country, what a combuftion-did this ftrife be-,
tween Jefuits and other Priefts of England caufc among
our Papiils sen years ago, when the Pope fending into
England Doctor Smith pretented Biihop of Chalcedon to
be the Metropolitan head over all the Clergy and other
Orders, how then was it to fee the pride of the Jefuits as
inconiiflent with any one that might overfway them, or gain
more credit than themfelves ? who never left perleeuting
the Biihop, till by the Popes Letters they had Baniíhed
him out of England. Which curtefie, the Secular Priefts
gaining yet a head over them with Title of Arch-deacon,
Dodor Champmy^ have ever lince fought to repay home,
by endeavouring always to cafl them out oí England, as per-
\ \

nicious to the State of this Kingdom, more then Fryers or

any other fort of Priefts j Whichthey have fufficiently made
known by difcoveiing their Covetoufnefs in encroaching
«pon many Hoüfes aaH t arms, enriching themfelves, as
I
- namely
 r-
r
10 A New Survey Chap; II.

riamefy at fFinifreds Well ( fo termed by them ) where they

had brought an Inn, and fpeedily fell to building there that
they might make it a College for Jefuits to entertain there
all Papifts comers and goers to that well, and fo might win

to themfelves the hearts ofmoft of the Papifts of the Land,

who do yearly reiort thither to be wafted and Healed upon
any light occafion either of Head-ach, Stomach-ach, Ague,
Want of Children, where they blindly phanfie a fpeedy
Remedy for all Maladies, or wants of this World. Thus
have the Prieitsdifcovered further our Engüíh Jeiuits Cove-
toufnefs in building of Sope- houfes at Lambeth under the
name of Mr. George- Gage their Purfe-bearer, and fince pro-
jecting the Monopoly of Sope under Sir Richard Wefton^
Sir Bafil Bmk¿ and many others names, who were but Agents
and Traders with the Jefaits Rich and Mighty Stock. Thus
came out the diicovery of the Levelling of Hills and Moun-
tains, Cutting of Rocks at Le,ige'm the Low Gountries at the
College of the Engliíh Jefuits, a Work for Gardens and
Orchards for their Novices Recreation and Paftime, which
( as I have heard from their own mouths J coil them thirty
thoufand pound, which Gift they fqueezed out of one only
Countefs of this Land. Like to this may prove their Col-
lege at Gaunt^ot which they have obtained already a fair
beginning cf eight thoufand pounds from the Old Countefs
of Shrewsbury, and from the greateft part of the Eftate of
Mr. Sackefield, whom while they had him in their Colleges,
they cheriihed with their beft Dainties, and with hopes' that
one day he (hould be a Canonized Saint of their Religious
Order. All thefe Knaveries do even thofe Priefts of the
fame Popiih Religion difcover oí them, and thereby en-
deavour to make them odious. And though of all the
Jefuifs be the moft Covetous, yet may I not excufe the Se-
Monks, and the Fryers from this
cular Priefts, Benedidine
Damnable Sin i who alfo ftrive for Wealih and Means for
their Voway, Tarn and Lisbon Colleges, and lofe no oppor-
Xunities at the death cf their Popiih Favorites for the ob-
taining a Legacy of one or two hundred pounds, afluring
them their fouls (hall be the hetter fn T their Maffcs. Thus
do
 1

Chap. II. of the Weft-Indies. 1

do thofe miferable wretches in the very heat of their Zeal

oí fouls feek to fupprefs one another v and having Vowtd
Poverty, yet make they the Converiion of England the only
object of their Ambition and uniatiable Covetoufnef?.
But above all is this Envy and Hatred found between Do-
minicans and Jefuits,for thefe owe unto them an old grudge,
for that when Ignatius Labia lived, his Do&rne de frimtatt
( which he pretended was revealed to him from Heaven, for
he was certainly paft the Age of ftudying at bis-Convexfion )
was qutftioned by the Dominicans, and he by a Church
Cenfure publickly and ihamefully whipped about their
Cloifters for his Erroneous Principles. This aftront done fo
their chief Patron hath ftirred up in them an unrecojncilable
haired towards the Order of the Dominicans, and hath
made «hem even crack their brains to opp&íé tbornas Aquinm
his Doótríne. How ihamefully do thofe two Oders en-
deavour the deftru&ion of each other, branding one ano-
ther with Calumnies oí Hereíie, in the Opinions efpecially
de Conceptione Mari<e, de libiro Atbitrio^de AuxiliU ? And.
of two, the Jefuit is more bold and obftioate in Malice
and Hatred. How did they fome twenty years ago, all

Spain over, about the Conception of Mary, up the people

ftir

agalnft theDominicans, in fo much that they were in the

very termed Hereticks, ftones caft at them, the King
ft ree?s

almoft perfwaded to Baniih them out of aft" his Dominions,

and they poor Fryers forced to fland upon their guard in
their Cloifters in many Cities, efpecially in Sew/, Ofuna,
Antiqmra and Cordova, to defend thetnfelves from the
rude and furious multitude, Much like this was that
publick Conference and Deputation between Valentía the
Jefuit and Matter Limos the Dominican, before the Pope,
concerning their altercation de Attxilivs j When the cunning
Jefuit hoping to Brand with Hereiie the whole Older of
Dominicans, had caufed Auguflines Works to be falfly
Printed at Lions, whith fuch words which might dire&ly
oppofe the Tbomifts Opinion ; and had prevailed, had not
Lemos begged of the Pope that the Original Books of Attftin
might be brought out of his Vatican Library, where was
found
 i i A New Suryey Chap. II.

found the quite contrary words, to what the falfc Jefuit

had caufed to be Printed j he was forced to confefs his
Knavery, was barfhly reprehended, and with the apprehen-
sion of that great affront, the next night gave up his ghoft to
his father, the father of lies and falihood.
Another reafon of this mortal enmity between thefe two
Orders, is for that the Jefuits furpafs all others in Ambition
'

cf honour, credit and eitimation, whence it istheycan-

uot indure to behold the Dominicans exceed them in any
preferment. Now it is chat by the Laws of Arragon and
the Kingdom oí Valencia } the Kings of Spain are tyed to
have a Dominican Fryer for their confefibr or Ghoñly Fa-
ther j which could bur the Jefuits obtain, how would
they then Rule and govern Spain and the Kings heart ? But
though they could never yet prevail to alter this EUabliíhed
Law, yet have they prevailed now lately fo that Antonio de
Setamayor the King of Spains Confeffor Qlould lie at reft in
the Court of Madrid, with a Peniion and dry Title only ;
and that Florentia that grand Staíiíl íhould be Con/eiTor to
the Count of Olivares^ the Royal Ifiue, the Queen, and
Oiould hear the Kings Confeffions oftner than his Cnofen
and Eieded ConfelTor Sotomayor. Secondly, the Domini-
cans ashrft Authors of the lnquifition ( which they prove
from their Martyr Peter of Verona ) flill enjoy the higheft
Places of that Court, which is a wofut fight to the Jefuits
to fee their Religion-affairs handled, their Church kept
pure from what they call Heretiebyany but themfelves. O
had they (as they have often ilrove for it*) in their hands
the judicature of that Tribunal, how íhould all Dominicans,
r.ay all forts of Priils but their own, prefently by them be
Branded with Herefie ? Thirdly, in Rome there is another
preferment fuccdlively due to Dominicans from the time of
Dominhw de Guzman Founder of that Religion, to wit,
fo be Magifier Sacri Palatii, the Popes Palace Matter, infii-
tued to this purprfe, that about him there ma> be fome
Learned Divine ( for commonly the Popes art mere Statists,

and Canoniíts, than Divine/) to read a dayly Lecture of

Divinity tofuch as will beinftru&ed therein, and to refolvc
the
 1

Chap. II. o/ ík Weft-Indies. i|

the Pope hitnfelfof whatfoever difficult Points in Divinity
may be queftioned. This is the Dominicans due with a
Penlioi) to maintain a Coach and Servants within the Palace
of St. Peter. Which the Jefuits have often by favour ana
cunning JeTuitical tricks endeavoured to bereave the Domi-
nicans of » but proving labour in vain, they continue nil! in
their unplacable enmity and hatred againfi them. And
thus you fee the fountains oí their ft rife i which as here ira

Europe hath been well feen, fo hath this contentious tire over-
powered the hre cf their Zeal of fouls in the Eaft and ffeft-
India s ; and the Wealth and Riches of thofe Countries,
the Ambition of honour in their Qofpe! Fun&ion bath more
powerfully drawn them thither, what they pretend )
than (
the Converficn of a Barbarous and Idolatrous Nation. This
was well publiihed to the view of the whole World by k
moft infamous Libel which in the year 1626. Fryer Vieg-j d&
Collado a Miííionary Fryer in Pbilippinas and Japan fet out of
the unheard of paflages and proceedings of the Jefuits in
thofe Eafiern paits. At that time the Jefuits pretended
that Million to themfelves only* and Petitioned the King
of Spain, that only they might go thither to Preach, having
been the firft Plantation of Francifus Xavier, and tlnce
continued fucceffively by their Priefts. To this purpofe they
remember the King of the great charges he was at in fend-
ing fo many Fryers, and maintaining them thcie all which •,

ihould be fayed, might they only have the ingrefs into that
Kingdom. AH which charges they offeied themfelves to
bear, and further to bring up the Indians in lUt true Faith,
to intima: them and Civilize them, to teach them all Li-
beral Sciences, and to perfect them in Mufick and all Mu-
ikal Inftruments, and in Fencing, *
Dancing, Vaulting,
Painting, and whatfoever might make them a Gom-
elfe
pkat and Civil people, But againíiall tííis was ob; .ftcd by
Diego Caüiado, that not Zeal only and Charity moV'^l them
.
to this offer, but their Ambition and Covetoufnlfs.. Máck
would foon be feen- in their encroaching upon- the Oily and
Gvaplc Indians Wealth h bringing inflances of many íhouíani
pounds which they hidf fqueez'd from the popr %4\ b irmú
 -14 J New Survey Chap. II.

in the Iflands of Phil/ppinas i And that their entring into

Japan was more to enrich themfelves, than to Convert the
Japmians to Chriítianifm i that whenfoever they entred into
the Kingdom they conveyed from Mamila whole (hips laden
with the richeft Commodities of thofe Iflands» that their
Trading was beyond all other Merchants Trading, their
Bench for exchange mony far more accuftomed than any
other, whether for China, for Japan, for Peru and Mexico,
and that the Viceroy himfelf made ufe of none other, but
theirs. That to keep out all other Orders out oí Japan,
they had ingratiated themfelves fo far, under pretence of
Trading, into the Emperors favour by gifts of Watches,
Clocks, Dials, Locks, and Cabinets, and fuch like pre-
fents of moil curious and Artificial Workmanfhip, that
they had got free accefs to his Court, and Counftlled
him to beware of Fryers, which cunningly crept into his
Kingdom to Preach a New Law, pcriwading him by
iigorous fearch and inquiries to root them out : thus
Politickly for their own ends hindering the increafe of
Chriítianifm by any means or inftrutnents fave themlelves >
and 61inding the EmperOrs eyes with their cunning in-
finuations, that he might not fee in them, what they
defired he might difcover in others, that they might ap-»
pear in Sheep-skins, and others clothed with Wolves
skins b and fo the Fryers might have little heart to Trade,
hut enough to do to fave themfelves from the ftormy per-
fection, whilft they freely might enjoy the liberty of
rich Trading. This Brand upon thefe cunning Foxes
was commanded to be Printed, thanks given to Diego
Colliado for difcovcring to the Eftate their crafty pro-
ceedings, with not a few Tenets maintained by them
in Japan even againit their own Soveraign , a fat
BUlioprick was ottered to the Fryer, which he refu-
fing, Commiffion was given unto him for the raifing of
forty Fryers out of Spain, and the conducting of them
fo the ¡{lands of Phiiippinas, and that it ihould be free
for all Prielis and Fryer.*, as well as Jcfuits, topafsto
thofe parts for the Pfeacbing of Chriilj and the extending
- - .
__ ...
• of
 !

Chap. III. o/tkWeíHndies; 15

)f Chriftianifm among the Heathens and Barbarians. O
hat this my difcovery made to England of thofe difTtrnbHng
ind falfe Priefts, would make us wife to know and difcover
mder the aihcs of their pretended Religion, the fire of
kife and contention which they kindle in Kingdoms, and
rake up that Covetoufnefs which we may eaiily find
n them i tending to the ruin of many fair Eftates, and
:o the Temporal and Spiritual danger of this our flouriihing

Kingdom

Chap, IIL

Shewing the manner of the Mifions of Fryers and

Jefuits to the I odia's.

ALL the Kingdoms oí America, that have been Con-

quered by the Kings of Spain, are divided as into
feveral Temporal governments, fo into feveral
fpiritual ju-
rifdiótions, under the name of Provinces, belonging
unto
feveral Religious Order*, and their Provincials.
Thefe
though io far diftant from Europe, yet live with a depen-
dency and fubordination unto the Court of Rome, andaré
bound to fend thither a ftriófc account and relation of what
moft remarkable paflages and fucceffes happen there,
as alfo
what want of Preachers there is in every feveral Province.
Which is to be performed in this manner. Every Religious
Order C except the Jefuits and Dominicans, whofe
General
continueth till death, unlefs a Cardinals Cap
be1>eftowed
upon him) maketh election of one of the fame
Order to
b€ the head Ruler, or ( as they call him
) General over all
thofe of the fame profeflion every fixth year.
The fubjeób
unto this General Which are difperfed in
Italy, Germany,
Flanders, France, Spain, Eafi and
Weft- India's, are divided
into iundry Provinces, as in Spain
there is one Province of
Andaluzia, another of Capita nueva, new
Caftile, another?
tfCaflilia vieia, old Gaftile, another of Falencia,
another of
 r

1 6 J New Survey Chap. IIL

Jrragon, of Murcia, of Catalonia , So likewife in Americ^
there is the Province of Mexico, oí Mecboacan,o(Guáxacjí¿

oíCbiapa and Guatemala^ of Camayagua, Nicaragua an*

the like. Every Province of thefc hath a head named th£
'Provincial, chofen by the chief of the Province every thres'
years, which Election is called a Provincial Chapter, and^
the former a General Chapter, which alio is allotted tobe
in fome chief City, commonly in Italy, France,ot Spain.
When the Provincial Chapterisjsept, then by the confent of
all that meet in it is there one natrted by name of Procurator

or Diffinitor, who is to go in the name of the whole Pro-

vince to the next Ele&ion of the General, and there to de*
mand fuch things as his Province (halt think fit, and to give
an account of the ftate of the Province from whence he is,
ient. Thus from the Weft- India's are fent Procurators, who
commonly are thebeft Prizes the HollandShips meet with,
for that they carry with them great Wealth, and Gifts to
the Generals, to the Popes and Cardinals and Nobles in
Spain, 3S Bribes to facilitate whatfover juft or unjuft, right
or wrong they are to demand. Among other buíineíTes
their charge is {his, to make known the great want of Labo-
rers in the abundant and plentiful harveft of the India's

( though not all Provinces demand Preachers from Spain,

as I will ihe whereafter ) and to defire a number of thirty or
forty young Prieiis, who may be fit for any Indian Language
and to iucceed the old (tenders.
The Order of the Province being read to the General,
or General Chapter, then are Letters Patents granted
his
unto this Procurator from the General, na ing him hjS ?

Vicar General for fuch a Province, and declaring his fuffi-

ciency and worthy parts, ( though none at all in him, as I
have been witneis of fome) the great pains he hath taken
in the new planted Indian Church, and how fit he hath been
judged to convey to thoie parts, a Miffion of fuch as dial!

Voluntarily offer thcmfelves for the Propagation of

Chriftianity amongii the Barbarians. Then the Tauny
Indian Fryer being well fet out with high Commendations
and tairly Painted with fluttering Elogies, prefents thefe
his
Chap. III. of the Weft Judies: i ?
little Wedge o
his Patents ( and with them peradventure a
'. jld, a Box of Pearls, fome Rubies or Diamonds, a Cheft

¿Cochineli or Sugar, with fome Boxes of curious Chocolet,

¡8fome Feather Works of Mecboacan, fome fmall fiuits of
.isgreat pains and labour ) to the Pope ; who for his firft re-
ward gives him his Toe and Pantofle to kifs, feconding this
honour with a joyful countenance to behold an Apoftle,
judging him worthy of the beft of the Indian Wealth, and his
foul peradventure fit for the Title of a Saint i this complacency

in the gift and the giver, breeds immediately a motus propria*

m his Holinefs to grant a Bull with a decree of the Popes Com-
miiiary,whereing this poor Mendicant Frier is inabled to run
over all the Cloifters ot his Profeffion in Spain, to gather up
young Preachers. Who for their better
bis thirty or forty
mcouragement are at their firft lifting by the Popes Authorit /
abfolved ä culpa &
a pcena, from all fin, and from their
Purgatory and Hell due unto it, by a plenary Indulgence.
And whofoever ihall oppofe,or any way difcourage this Popes
CommiiFary,or thofe that are or would be lifted by him, arc
ipfifaQo Excommunicated with an Anatbem
referved only to

this Commiffafy or his Holinefs himfelf. O

what is it to fee,
when fuch a Commiffary's coming is known,howthe young

Birds, that as in Cages are (hut up within the walls of a

Cloifter, leap and cheriih themfelves with hopes of Liberty .<*

What is it to fee difordered Friers, who for their mifde-

meanours, and leaping over their Cloifter-walls in the night
to find out wanton Harlots,havebeen, Imprifoned now
their
rejoyce at the coming of a Popes Commiííary, and plenary
Indulgence, freeing them from fins paft, and fitting them
for the Converfion of fouls, though their own be not averted
from their Harlot, nor as yet truly and unfainedly Converted
to the love of God ? True it is, I have known fome that have
written their names in the Lift oí Indian Mijjtmariei, men of
Sober Life and Gonverfation,moved only with a blind %c*t
of encreafing the Popiih Religion : yet 1 dare fay and confi-
dently Print this truth without wronging the Church of Rome
that of thirty or forty which in fuch occafions are commonly
tranfpoEted to the India's the three paits of them are Filers
Q 0É
i8 J New Survey Chap, III.

ofleud lives, weary of who have

their retired Cloiftcr lives,
been punifhed often by theirSuperiours.br their wilful back-
fliding from that obedience which they formerly Vowed or •>

for the breach of their Poverty in cloftly retaining more by

them to Card andDice } of which fort I could here namely
infert a long and tedious Catalogue » or lafily fuch, who have
'b:en Impnfoned for violating their Vow of Ghaftity with
ieud and lafcivious women, either by fecret flight from their
Gloiikr, or by publick Apoftatizing from their Order, and
Lay-mens Apparel, to run about the
clothing themielves in
fafer with their wicked Concubines. Of which fort if
was my change to be acquainted with one Fryer John
Navarro a Francifcan in the City of Guatemala, who
after he had in Secular Apparel enjoyed the lcud com-
piny of one Jmjryliis a famous woman Player in Spain
for the fpace of a year, fearing at lair he might be dif-
covered, liikd himfclf in a Million to Guatemala, the year
i ¿32, there hoping to enjoy with more liberty and lefs fear
of puniihmcnt any Luftful or Girnal Object. Liberty, in a
word, under the Cloak of Piety and Converfion of fouls,
it is, that draws fo many Friers ( and commonly the younger

fort /to thoferemoet American parts i whereafter they have

learned fome Indian Language, they are Licenced with a
Pariih Charge to live alone out of the fight of a watching
Prior or Superiour, out oí the bounds and compafs of Cloifier
wall?, and authorized to keep houie by themielves, and to
finger as many Spansíh Patacones, as their wits device fhall
teach them to fqueeze out of the newly
Converted Indians
Wealth. This liberty they could never enjoy in Spain, and
this liberty is the Mid wile of fo many foul falls of wicked
Filers in thofe parts. For the prefent ¡ fhall return again to
my Fries John Navarro, who at his coming to Guatemala,
being made for wit and learning, Matter and Reader of
much efteemed of for his acute Pleaching,
Divinity, .and
«mong many others got the ciiimafion and love of a chief
Gentlewoman, ( Quo femel eft irnbtit?- recens, Jervabit odúrem
tftadm) whocont nuedin Navarro his featt the former fcent
tf the unchait l&ve of Amzrykit , fo tär that she Frier being

bonded
Chap. III. of the WeftJndies: 15»

blinded and wounded with Cupids Arrow kicking in his

heart, ran headlong to quench his luflful thirft upon St» James
his day, 1Ó35. for better memory of Tragical event ( being
the Spaniards common Advocate, and fpecial Patron of thai
City, named St. Jago de Guatemala) where cruel Mars op»
preffing Venus in her wanton Ads, the injured Husband
Ading Mars, and finding Navarro, Cupids Page, faluting his
Venus upon her bed, drew his fword, cutting the Frier firft.
in the head and face h who ftrugling wi?h death, and pur-
life with a fwift and nimble flight to a Garden^
chafing his
where his own Brother a Frier of the fame Order, and
Pander to that foul ad, eniertained the Mothedefs Chil-
dren i for the Husband having milled his fatal blow
C willingly as forne
imagined, or unwillingly a? others judge)
in the Friers heart, wilfully laid it in the throat
of his
unchaft Wife, fcarce leaving way for breath to make a
fpeedy Confeffion of her fin to Navarro's Brother who •,

tendring her foul, as much as his Brother had tendred

her body, abiolved her from her (in, finding figns, though
no uttering fpeech of Repentance, while the murderer fled,
and the murthered lay in the door of her houfe for a fad ob-
jed to all, that immediately flocked thither to fee that bloody
Tragedy. The Wife being the fame day buried, the Husband
being retired to a clofe Sanduary Navarro was carried to his
,

Convent to be Cured * and after his Cure, was baniibed that

Country whom two years after it was my chance to meet in
•,

Carthagena returning to Spain with his fcarr'd face,bearing the

mark of his lafcivious life, and that liberty which he had
enjoyed in America. Such are the fruits of the Zeal of thofe
wretches, who upbraid our Church and Mininas for want
of Zeal to labour in the Converiion of Infidels. Who when
they arrive to thofe parts, are entertained with ringing of
Bells, with founding of Trumpets moft part of the way as
they Travel, and as Apoftles are received by the Indians^
though foon like Judas they fall from their calling, and for
PieafureandCovetoufnek fell away Chrift from their fouls.
England may here learn to beware of fuch Converters, who
are daily by name of MiOSonaries fent hither by the Pope to
G2 Preach
ío J New Survey Chap, IV.
Preach among us Popesyi but like Navarro come to feed and
cheriih their wanton could give many inttances,
lufts, as I

might 1 not be ccnfured for long digrcffions in mingling

Englifh HiRoiks with my American Travels.

Chap. IV.

Skewing to what Provinces of the Eaft and Weft-

indsa's belonging to the Crown 0/Caftilia are fent
MiJJions of Friers and Jefuits. And ejpecically of
the Miffion fent in the year 1625.

Dominions of the King of Spam in America,

INthere all the
arc two ioits of Spaniards mote oppoiite one to ano-
ther, than in Europethe Spaniard is oppoiite to the Frencb,ot to
the Hollander, or to the Portugal jto wit,they that are born in
any parts oí Spain and go thither,and they that are born there
oiSpamJh Parents,whom the Spaniards to dift inguiih them
fromthemfelveSjtermCrw/io'^fignifying the Natives of that
Country, This hatred is fo great, that I dare fay, nothing
might be more advantagious than this, to any other Nation
that would Conquer America. And nothing more eaííly
gained than the wills and affections of the Natives of the
Country, to join with any other Ration to free and refcue
them fel ves from that fubj edion, or kind of flavery, which
they fufjrer under the haid ufage of the Spaniards, and their
partial Government and Juftice toward them,and thofethat
come from Spain. This is fo grievous to the poor Criolwsot
Natives, that my felf have often heard them fay, they would
rather be fubje$ to any other Prince, nay to the Hollanders,
than to the Spaniards,if they thought they might enjoy
their Religion and others wiihing the Hollanders, when
i

they took TruxiBo in Hmduras, hadfiaid initandenjtred

further into the Land, they thould have been welcome to
them s and that the Religion they enjoyed with fo much
flavervj wa.« nothing fwcei unto them. This mortal hatred
betwixt
Chap. IV. of the Weft- Indies.' 21
>etwixt thefe two forts of Spaniards, made the Criolios fo
eady to joyn againft the Marquefs of Gelves Viceroy of
\Iexiw, in the Tumult and Mutiny of that City, wherein
hey cleaving to Von Alonfode Zerna,the Arch-Biihop, caufed
he Viceroy to efcape for his life by flight, and would then
lave utterly rooted out the Spanijh Government, had not
ome Priefts diffwaded them from it but of this! (hall •>

peak more largely hereafter. The caufe of this deadly

iatred hath proceeded from a jealouiie which the Spaniards
lave ever had of the Crioliai's, that they would fain withdraw
hemielves firftfrom the Commerce with S/w/^andfecondly,
rom the Government which is laid upon them i which is

uch,that the Criolio's mud be always under,and a fubjec1:,al-

Governour. Never yet was
/ays governed, but fcarce any a
lere feen any made Viceroy of Mexico,ox Peru\ot Pre*
Ctiolio
dent of Guatemalan Santafe,ot St. Domingo > or Governour
f Yucacan,Cartagena,Havana ^or Alcalde, Mayor fas the^
all them San Salvador, and fuch like
) of Soconufco, Chiapa,
laces of credit. So Courts of Chancery, as
likewife in the
t. Domingo, Mexico, Guatemala, Lima> and the reft i where

jmmonly there are Six,called Oydores and one Fifcal, fcarce

ne of them to be found a Criolio,ot Native of the Country ^
lough there be among them thofe that defcended of the
lief Conquerors as in Lima and Peru ihe Pizarros, in Mex~
•,

and Guaxaca the houfeofthe Marquéis DeUValk,Ferdinm«

7 Cortes his SucceíTors 3 others of the houfe of Gf*w,others of
>e houfe of Aluarado, others of the Gufmanes, finally many
f the chiefeit houfes o^Spain \ yet none of thefe ever pru-
ned to any dignity. And not only thus are they kept
om Offices,bui daily affronted by the Spaniards as uncapa-
e of any Government,and termed half Indians by them.
Which general contempt hath alfo fpread it felf in the
hurch,whereno ever preferred tobe%
Criolio Prieft is fcarce

¡(hop, or Canon in a Cathedral Church, but all iuch as

)me from Spam So likewife in the Religious Orders they
ive many years endeavoured to keep under and fupprefs fuch
have been admitted to their Orders of the Natives of the
ountry, left the number of them fhould prevail againft:
C S thofe
 J New Survey Chap. IV.
1Z
Spain; they have been very nice
'hofc that are brought from
in choofin^ofthcm, and though they
have been forced to
yet QUI the Provincials, the Priors,
and all
admit offome,
in Spam. Till now lately
Superiors have been Spaniards born
Provinces have got the upper hand and prevailed agamft
fome
their Cloiikrs with Criolio's
the Spaniards^ have fo filled
Natives,that they have utterly retufed to admit the fupphes
or
were fent unto them, and
of Spamfb Miffions which formerly
tillthis day art fent to others. In the Province of Mexico
Auguftines, Carmelites,
there are Dominicans. Francifcans,
Mercensrians, and Jefuits, whereof the Jeiuits
and Car-
melites only to this day prevail againft CrÄ'j,b>
inging every

two or three years Minions from Spain. The latf Million that
was fent to the Mercenarians was the year 1625 and thenwas
the oppoiition fuch between that Million and the
Cr/W/o'/,that
Clbifter of
in the Election of the next Provincial in their
the Friers drew knives one againft another, and
Mexico,
were like to kill each other, had not the Viceroy gone to their
Cloifter to Peace, and imprifon fome of them.
make Yet
at laft by the multitude of voices the Native party prevailed,
and till this day have exempted themfelves from Spanifh Mif-
fions, alledging ( as others have done ) that they have Friers
enough in heir CloiOers,and need
t
none to be fent them from
Spain , fubmitting themlelves to the Pope, and prefacing to
him as (lately gifts as ever Spaniards did before them. In
the Province of Guaxaca none admit of MilTionaries from
Spain i true it is, the Dominicans are but newly fubdued by
the Criolian party ; and as yet are ftrongly pleading at Kerne
and luOre of their
for Spanifh Friers, alledging that (he glory
Religion hath been muchblurr'd fincethenon-admittanceof
fupplies of their Zealous Compatriots. The Province of
Guatemala^ which is of a large extent ) containing Guate-
mala, Cbiapa, the Zoques, part of Tabajco, the Zeldales,
the Sacapuhff, the Vera Paz all the Coatf lying to the South
y

Sea, Sucbutepeques 2nd tSoconufco, Comayagua, Honduras,

Nicaragua, hath in it theie Orders chiefly,
St. Salvador,
Dominicans, Francifcans, Auguftines, ( who are fubjeä to
Mexico being one poor Cloiikrin Guatemala ) Jefuits alio in
Guate*
Chap. IV. of the Weft- Indies. 23
Guatemala iubjeft to the Government of Mexico and Merce-
tiarians, whereof the three Oiders of Dominicans, Fran-
cifcans, and Mercenariaos, are the only Preachers and Pariih-
Priefks throughout all the forenamed Provinces. And thefe
three Orders have flill kept under xhtCriolian party, never
as yet fuffering any of them tobe Provincial, bringing every
year and fome another, Minions
two or three yeais,fome one
of Friers from Spain to maintain and keep up their faction
againft the Criolianr. The Provinces of Vent being more
diitant from Spain, and hasd to come to by Sea 3 have no
Millions fent unto them. There are of the moft Romifa
Religious Orders, yet the chief are Dominicans i and they all
live above their Vow of Poverty, abounding in Wealth,
Riot, Liberty and Pleaiures. In the Kingdom of Nuevo
reino de Granada, and Cartagma, Santa fee, Barinaff
Popayan, and the Government of St. Martha, are Domini-
cans, Jefuits, Francifcans, Carmelites, Augufiines and
Mercenarians > whereof the Dominicans, Jefuits and Fran-
cifcanss till this day admit of Millions from Spain. The
Ifland oí Cuba, Jamaica, la Margarita, Puerto rico, all are

fubje# to the head Psovincial oí Santo Domingo, being Domi~

nicans, Jefuits, and Francifcans, and have all now and then
Millions from Spain. Imatan hath in it only Francifcans,
who live moft richly and plentifully, and ftrongly uphold the
Spanish faction with European Millions ; Mechoacan beiongeth
to the Mexican Friers, and is in the fame condition as was faid
before of Mexico. Thus have I briefly run over all America.

that belongs to the Crown ofCaftilia : for thaEaft- India's they

belong to the Crown oí Portugal and Brafil, as firft difcovered
and polTeifed by thePori^/j,andnow doubtlefs are fubje$
to King John, the new King of Portugal, Yet the ¡(lands of
Philippinaszte. fubjeel to the King oí Spain, and there are Do^
miriicans,Francifcans, Auguftines and Jefuits,all which lie ftill
in wait inManila the Metropolitan City, for fome fure ihip^
ping to Japan, to Convert that Kingdom. And though they
admit of fe*v Criolios among them, efpecially fome of their
Converts of China and Japans yet their chief number and
ftrength is of S'panijh MiííionarieSjWbo are more frc^oently
C4 .CS£H
 24 * A New Survey Chapi IV»
conveyed thither than to the parts aformentioned oí America.
Firft they are fent in the Ships that are bound for Nueva
Efpana and Mexico \ and after they have refted two or three
months in Mexico, they are fent to Acapulco, lying on the
Mar Shipped in two great Caracks
del Zttr, there they are
which yearly go and come richly laden with China, Japan,
and all Eajt~India ware from Manila to Acapnlco to enrich
Msxico with far greater riches than any are fent by the North
Sea from Spain. The Voyage from Acapulco thither, is
longer than from Spain to Mexico, and eafie and pleafant,
though the return is far longer and moft dangerous, The year
of our Lord 1625. there were four Millions fent i the one of
Francifcans to Tucatan, the other of Mercenarians to Mexico,
the other' two of Dominicans and Jefuits to Philippinas. At
which time it was my fortune to reiide among the Domini-
cans in Xerez in Andaluzia. The Popes CommiiTary for that
Miffion was Frier Mattheo de la Villa,who having a Commif-
fíori for thirty, and having gathered fome 14 of them about

Caftilia and Madrid, fent them by degrees well ftored with

mony to Cala, to take up a convenient Lodging for himfelf
and the reft of his crew till the time of the fetting forth of the
Indian Fleet. This Commiifary named one Frier Antonio
• Calvo tobe his fubftitute, and to viíit theCíoifters oí An-
daluzia lying in his way namely Cordova, Sevil, St. Lncar,
",

and Xerez, to try if out of them he could makeup hiscom-

pleat number of thirty, which was after fully compleated.
About the end of May came this worthy Calvo to Xerez, and
in his Company one Antonio Melendez of the College of
,!i St. Gregory in Valladolid, with whom I had formerly near
acquaintance. This Melendez greatly re joyced when he had
íl I
found me i and being well (locked with Indian Patacones,
. the firft night of his coming invited me to his chamber to a
ftátely Supper. The good Xerez Sack which was not fpared,
I
I fet my friend in fuch a heat of Zeal of Converting Japenians,
mat all his talk was of thofe parts never yet feen, and at leaft
fix thoufand Leagues diftant. Bacchus metamorphofed him
from a Divine into an Orator, and made a Cicero in parts
of Rhetorical Eloquence Nothing was omitted that might
exhort
íhap. II. of the Weft-Indies. 25
diorr me to joyn with him in that Function, which he
lought was Apoftolicai Nemo Propheta in fatria fua> was
great argument with him i fometimes he propounded Mat-
frdom for the Gofpel fake, and the glory after it, to have his
fe and death Printed, and of poor Frier Antony a Clothiers

on of Segovia to be ñiká St. Antony by the Pope, and made

Collateral with the Apoftles in Heaven i thus did Bacchus
lake him Ambitious of Honor upon the Earth, and prefer-
ment in Heaven. But when he thought his Rhetorick had
lot prevailed, then would he Ada Midas and G-ar/^fancy-

ng the India's Paved with Tiles of Gold and Silver, the

¡tones to be Pearls, Rubies, and Diamonds, the Trees to be
íung with clufters of Nutmegs bigger than the clufters of
drapes of Canaan, the Fields tobe Planted with Sugar-canes,,
jvhich fhould fo fweeten the Chocolet, that it fliould far e^-
;eed the Milk and Hony of the Land of Promife h the Silks

)f China he conceited fo common, that the Sails of the Ships

were nothing elfe finally he dreamed of Midas's happinefe»

',

:hat whatfoever he touched (hould be turned to Gold ¡Thus

did Xerez Ne&ar make my friend and mortified Frier, a Co-
vetous Worldling. And yet from a Rich Covetous Merchant
did it ihape him to a Courtier in pleaíures j fancying the
Vhilippinas to be the Eden, where was all joy without tears,
mirth without fadnefs, laughing without forrow, comfort
without grief, plenty without want, no not of Eves For
Admas, excepted only that in it ihould be no forbidden
fruit, but all lawful for the taft and fweetningof the palate-,
and as Adam would have been as God, fo conceited Me»
lendez himfelf a God in that Eden j whom Travelling,
Indian Waits and Trumpets ihould accompany s and to
whom, entring into any Town,Nofegays ihould beprefenied,
Flowers and Boughs ihould be (ho wed in his way \ Arches
fliould beere&ed to ride undersells for joy fhould be rung,
and Indian knees for duty and homage, as to a God,ihou!d
be bowed to the very ground. From this inducing argument,
and representation of a Paradife, he fell into a ftrong Rhe-
torical point of curiclity finding out a Tree of knowledge,
",

and a Philofophical maxim, Omm home naturaliterfcin de-

fiderat)
 -

i6 ANewSuney Chap. IV.

fiderat, man naturally inclines to know more and more i

which knowledge he fancied could be no where more flirn idl-

ed with rare curiofities than in thofe parts i for there fhould
the Gold and Silver,which here are fingered,in their growth
in the bowels of the Earth be known j there fhould the Pep-
per be knbwn in itsTeafon, the Nutmeg and Clove, the Cin-
namon as a rine or bark on a Tree i the faíhioning of the
Sugar from a green growing Cane into a Loaf j the ftrange
fhaping the Cocbinel from a worm to fo rich a Scarlet die j the
changing of the tinta which is but grafs with'ftalkand leaves
into an Indigo black die, ihould be taught and learned i and
without much labour thus ihould our ignorance be inftru&ed
with various and fundry curiofities of knowledge and under
ftanding. Finally, though Xerez liquor ( Grapes bewitching
tears ) had put this bewitching Eloquence into my Antonks
brain yet he doubted not to prefer before it his Wine of Phi-
hppinas, growing on tall and high trees of Coco, wherein he
longed to drink a Spanijh Brindis in my company to all his
friends remaining behind in Spain, Who would not be
moved by thefe his arguments to follow him, and his Calvopt
bald pated Superior } Thus Supper being ended my Melendez
Acute to know how my heart ítood affeéred to his Journey v
and breaking out into a Voto a "Dios with his Converting Zeal,
he (wore he ihould have no quiet nights reft till he were
fully fatisfied of my refolution to acompany him. And having
learned the Poets expreííion, Quid non mortalia peUora cogu,
Aurifacra fames ? he offered unto me half a dozen of Spanifh
piftols, affuring me that I ihould want nothing, and that
the next morning Calvo ihould furniih me with
whatfoever
ainonics I needed, for to buy things necelTary for the comfort
of fo long and tedious a Journey. To whom I anfwered,
fuddain refutations might bring future grief and forrow,and
«hat I ihould that night lie down and take Counfel with my
pillow, alluring him that for his fake I would do much, and
$iat if I refolved to go,my refolution fhould draw on another
friend of mine, an Irifh Frier, named Thomas Velcon. Thus.
my leave of my Melendez, and retired my felf to my
fook I
Chamba and Bed, which that night was no place ohrepofe-
and
Jhap. II. of the Weft-Indies. *7
id reft tome asformerly it had been. I
muft needs fay Melen-
z his arguments, though moft of them moved me not yet -,

opportunity offered me to hide my felf from all fight and

le

lowledge of my deareft friends, ftined up in me a

ferious

lought of anangeryand íharíhletter,which

not long before

had' received out of England from mine

own Father, figni-
friends and
rkig unto me the diípleafure of moft of my
indrcd, and his own grievous indignation againft me, for
íat having fpent fo much mony in training me up to learning
had not only utterly refufed to be of the Jeiuits
Order
his only hopes ) but had proved in my
aftecrions
which was
deadly foe and enemy unto them. And that he would hava
bought his if I had been a Scullion in a
mony better fpent,
College of Jeiuits, than ihould prove a General of the
if 1
to be wel-
)rder of Dominicans that I ihould never think
•,

ome Brothers or kindred in England.not to him 5 that

to my
nor dare to
ihould not exped ever more to hear from him,
to "England \ but exped that
he
ee him if ever t retffined
vould upon me even Jefuits, whom I had deferted and
fet

)ppofed, to chafeme out of my Country that Hailinghoufc ',

hough he had loft it with much more means for his Religion
iuring his life h yet with the confent of my eldeft Brother
é now Govcrnour oí Oxford and Mafs-founder in that our
Famous Univerfity) he would fell it away that neither frora •,

the Eftate, or mony made of it, I might enjoy

a Ghilds

part due unto me. Thefe reafons ftole that nights reft from
my body, a»d deep from my eyes, tears keeping them un~
clofed and open, left Cynthia*s black and mourning
Mantle
ihould offer to cover, clofe and (hut them. To this Letters
confideration was joyned a ftrong oppofition, which ferious
oí
Studies and ripenefs of Learning, with a careful difcuflion
fosue School points and ControverGes had bred in me againft
iome chief of the Popiih Tenets. Well could I have wiftied
to have come to Ewg W,there to fatisfie and eafe my
troubled

Confcience well confidercd

; I, that if I ftaid in Spin*
when my Studies were fully finiihed,the Dominicans with a
Popes Mandamus would fend me home for a Miffio-
--
nary to my Country.But than
•-\
confidered I the fight of a
* :U'-
wrathful
 28 ANewSuney Chap. IV.
wrathful Father, the power of a furious Brother a Colonel,
who (as new landed in England to fearch me out, and do me
mifchief ) then,when Zepbyrus with a pleafant gale feconded
his Popiih Zeal,might violently affaultme. Well confidered
I the inereafed rout and rabble of both their great fiiends,the
Jefuits, what with Court friends power, what with fubtile
Plots and Policies would foon and eafily hunt me out of
England. Laftly, well confidered I my Melendez his laft
inducing Argument of the increafe of knowledge natural by
the infight of rich America and flouriihing Afia, and of
knowledge Spiritual by a long contemplation of that new
Planted Church, and of thofe Church Planters lives and
Conversations. Wherefore after a whole nights ftrife and in-
ward debate, as the glorious Planet began to baniih nighfs
difmal horror, riling with a bright and cheerful countenance,
rofe in my mind a firm and fetled refolution to vifit America^
and there to abide till fuch time as Death ihould furprife my
angry Father, Ignatius Loiola his devoted Mecanas, and till
I might there gain out of Potofi or Sacatecas Treafure that
might Counterpoifethat Childspart, which for deteiling trie
four-cornered Cap, and black Coat of Jefuits, my Father
had deprived me of. So in recompence of the Supper which
my friend Anthony had beftowed upon me, I gave him a moft
pleafant Breakfaft by difcovering unto him my purpofe and
refolution to accompany him in his long and Naval Journey.
And at noon I Feafted him with a Dinner ofone diih more
than his Breakfaft, to wit, the company alfo of my Irifh
friend Thomas Ve Leon. After Dinner we both were prefented
to Calvo the bald pate Superior i who immediately imbraced
us, promifed to us many curteiies in the way, read unto us
a Memorandum of what dainties he had provided for us,
what varieties oí Fiíh and Flefla how many Sheep, how
:

many Gammons of Bacon, how many fat Hens, how many

Hogs, how many Barrels of white Bisket, how many Jars of
Wine of Caffalla, what note of Rice, Figs, Olives, Capers,
Rayfins, Lemons, fweet and fower Oranges, Pomgranecs,
ComritSjPreferves, Conferves,and all forts of Portugal fweet
meats : he flattered us that he would make us Maftersof Arts,
and
"hap. IV. of the Weft-Indies: t$
nd of Divinity in Manila i then opened he his Purfe, and
reely gave us to fpend that day in Xerez and to buy what
doft wc had a rriind to, and to carry us to Cales Laftly he
-,

pened his hand to beftow upon us the holy Fathers Benedi-

tlon, that nomifchief might befal us in our way > I ex-
eóted fome Relick or nail of his great Toe, or one of his
/elvet Pantofles to kifs \ but peradventure with frequent
fining throught Italy and all Cafiilia it was even worn thred-
«re. Much were we frowned at by the Dominicans our
hiefeft friends of Xerez, but the liberty which with Melm-
kz we enjoyed that day about the City of Xerez took from
is all fad thoughts, which fo fudden a departure from our

riends might have casifed in us. And Calvo much fearing

hat the love of fome Nuns (too powerful with Sfamjh Friers)
night yet keep us back from purfuingour purpofed Journey,
mih cunning Policy perfwaded us to depart from Xerez the
sext morning. Which willingly we performed in company of
Welendez and another Sfamjh Frier of that City ( leaving our
Chefts and Books to Calvólo fend after u?) and that day we
Fravelled like SpanifhDons upon our little Boricoes,or AiTes
towards Puerto de Santa Maria, taking in our way that
¡lately Convent oiCarthnftansy and the River of Guadaletbe,

the former the Poets River of oblivion,tafiingofthe Fruits of

thofe Elyftan Fields and Gardens and drinking of Guadale-
\bes Cryftal ftreames ; that io perpetual oblivion might blind

and cover all thofe Abftra&ive Species which the intuitive

knowledge of Spains and Xerezes pteafant objeds had deeply
ilamped in our thoughts and hearts. At evening we came
to that Puerto fo famous for harbouring Spains chief Gallies,
and at that time Don Frederiquede Toledo > who hearing of the
arrival offour Indian Apofiles, would not lofe that occaiion
of fome Soul fan&ification ( which he thought might be his
purchafe) by entertaining us that night at Supper. The Town
thought their Greets bleffed with our walking in them, and
w iilied they might enjoy fome Relicks from us, whom they

beheld as appointed to Martyrdom,for Chrift and Antichrift

fake together i the Gaily- íla ves tiro ve who ihould found their
Waits-and Trumpets moil joyfully, Von Frederiqm fpaied
us
 30 J New Survey Ghap. IV.
no coft in Fifh and Fleih that night, doubfing not but that
receiving four Prophets, he ihould receive a fourfold reward
hereafter. Supper being ended, we were by Don Frederique
5
hisGentlemen convey d to the Cloiiierof the Minims ap-
pointed by Von Frederique to lodge us that night, who to
(hew their Brotherly love waihed our feet, and fo recom-
mended us to quiet and peaceable The next morning
reft.

after a ftately Breakfaft beiiowed upon us by thofe poor Men-

dicant Friers, a Boat was prepared for us andDon Frederique
his Qentlemen to wait on us, and toconvey us to Cales.
Where we found out our fellow Apoftles, and the Popes
GommiiTary Frier Matthew de la Villa, who welcomed us
with Roues IndulgenceSj á culpa &d
fcena, and with a
flouriihing Table iiored with Fifh and Fleih for Dinner.
There we continued in daily honour and eftimation,en joying
the fights moft pleafant which Cales both by Sea and Land
could afford unto us, until the time of the Fleets departing.
Which when it drew near, our grand Apcftle Frier Matthew
dela Villa, who we thought burned with Zeal of Martyr-
dom, took his leave of us j (hewing us the Popes Commifiion
to nominate in his place whom he lined, and naming bald
Calvo fot Superior, returning hirnfelf to Madrid with more
defire to enjoy a Biihoprick in 5^;« (asweunderftood)than
to facrifice his life in Japan. His departure caufed a mutiny
amongft us ; and cooled the fpirits of two of our Millionaries,
who privily fled from us. The rtft werepleafed with honeft
Calvo, for that he was a fimple and ignorant old man,
( whom they could more jeer than any way reípeófc ) more
Scullion-like in dayly greazing his white habit with handling
his fat Gammons of Bacon, than like a Popes Gommiffary »
:

<
for his Matters Toe the proudeft of our M;itioners than would
,
,

willingly have killed j yet Calv o°s greaíie fifis the humblcft
would loath to have kiffed. Thus under a Sloven was
that Apoiiolieal Million to be convey'd firft to Mexico^
three thoufand Spanijh Leagues from Spain, and afterwards
three thoufand Leagues further from
thence to Manila,
the Metropolitan and Court City of the Iflandsor ?hi-
lipp'mas.
CHAP.
Chap. V, o/ ffc Weft-Indies; 1*

Chap. V.

If the Indian Fleet that departedfrom Cales, Anno

Dom. 1625". ¿4w¿/ of fome remarkable paffaget
in that Voyage.

r {T Pon the firft oí July in the afternoon, D<?« C¿r/0j ¿fc

LLl X¿wr¿ Admi ral oí the Galeons that then lay in the
sly oí Cales, gave Order that a warning Peece (hould be (hot
>ff to warn all PaiTengers, Soldiers, and Mariners to betake
hemfelves the next morning to their Ships. what was it O
o fee fame of our Apofiolical company who had enjoyed
•nuch liberty for a month in G*/<?/,who had began to entangle
:heir hearts with fome young Nuns love, now hang down
iheir heads, and h€t with fad and demure looks, loth to de-
part,and cry out Bmum eft nos hie effe, It is good for us to
36 here i and amongit them one Fryer John de Facheco made
the warning Peece to be a warning to him to hide himfelf

[ who could no more be found amongft his fellow Miflioners)

thinking it a part of hard cruelty to Éoifake a young Francis-

can Nun to whom he had engaged and wholly devoted his
heart. What was it to fee others with weeping eyes piercing
through the Iron gates the tender Virgins hearts,leaving and
bequeathing unto them fome pledges of their wanton love,
and receiving from them fome Cordials againft Sea-ficknefs,
Caps, Shirts and Hand- kerchiefs, to eye them or wear them
when Alus or Neptune (hould moft oppofe them? The
fecond oí July in the morning early notice was given unto us,
that one Fryer Pablo de Londres, an old crab-fae'd EngliJkFmt
living in St. Lucar had got the Duke oí Medina his
Letter
and it to the Governor of Gales charging
fent him to feek for
me and to (lay me, iignifying the King of Spams will and
pleafure, that no Engtifh (hould pafs to the Indias,
having a
Country of their own to Convert ; this did that old Fryer to
¿top my paffage, having before wrote unto me many Letters
to
J2,
J New Survey Chap, V.
to the fame purpofe, and got a Letter from that father Mafia
that was in England before with the Count of Gondomar ¡alias
Frier Diego de laFlítente, then Provincial oiCaftilia, and fent
unto me, wherein that Superior offered me many kind offers
of preferment, if I would defift from my Journey, and re-
turn to. him to Cafiilia : but none of thefe Letters could pre-

vail with me j nor the Governors fearching flop me i for

immediately I was conveyed alone to our Ship, and there
clofely hid in a Barrel that was emptied of Bisket to that pur-
pofe *•) fo that when the Governor came a Ship-board
to en-
quire for an Englijh man,Frier Calvo having the father of liers
in my ftead about him, refolutely denied me, who could not
be found, becauie. not fought for in a Barrels belly. This
found our Apoftles fport and talk that firft day. Then went
out the Ships one by one crying A dios, A dios, and the
Town replying Buen viaei, Buen viaei ; when all were out
and no hopes of enjoying more Cales pleafures and liberty,
then began my young Friers to wiÄ themfelves again at
Land, fome began prefently to feed the Fiihes with their
Nuns fweet dainties i others to wonder at the number of
iratelyShips,which with eight Galeons that went to convey
us beyond the iflands of Casaría were forty one in all > fome
for one Port of the India's, and fome for another. To
Tuerto Ricowent that year two Ships i to Santo Domingo three,
to Jamaica two, to Margarita one, to the Havana two, to
Cartagena three, to Campeche two, to Honduras and TruxiBo
two, and to St. Johdde Vlbua,ox Vera Cruz fixteen ; all
Laden with Wines, Figs, Raiiins, Olives, Qyle, Cloth,
Carfies, Linnen, Iron, and Quick- filver for the Mines, to
fetch out the pure Silver ofSacatecas from the earthen diofs
from whence it is digged. The perfons of mod note that
went that year was tirit the Marquefs de Seralvo with his
Lady, who went for Viceroy o{ Mexico, inftead of the Count
de Gtlvts then retired to a Cloifter for fear of the Common
people, who the year before had mutined againft him i thjs
Marquefs went in the Ship called Sr. Andrew, and with him
in the fame Ship went Bon Martin de Carrih a Prieft, and
Ioquifitor of the Inquifuion of Vahdolid > who was fent for
Vifitei
Chap. V. of the Weft-Indies,; jj
Vifiter General to Mexico^ to examine the ftrife between the
Conde de Gelves and the Arch biihop, and the muring that
for their fakes had happened with iullCom iiFion and Au-
:, .

thority ,to Imprifón, Baniih, Hang and Execute all Delin-

quents. In the Ship called Santa GertruaU went Von John
Nino de 1okdo y who was fent to be Prdident of Manila in
Philippine, and in the fame Ship with him wtnt the whole
Million of thirty Jefuits fent to Philippine ; who had ak
ready got the favour of the Prefident, and polifickly (ought
to be Paflengers in the fame Ship 3 that fo they m'ght the more
ingratiate themfelves to him ^ for thjs cunning Generation
ftudies purpoiely how to infinuate themíelves with Kings 3
Princes, Great men, Rulers and Conrmander*. In the
Ship called Antony went my Dominican Million of twenty
St.
leven Friers. In the Ship called Noftra Sennora deReglawent
twenty four Mercenarian Friers bound for Mexico ; part of
thofe that afterwards drew their Knives to ílaíh and cut the
Crioltfs of their Profeflion. Thus with the Convoy of eight
Galeons for fear of Turks and Hollanders (whom tbeSpamJh
Vons íhake and tremble at ) fet forward our Fleet with a
pleafantand proiperous gale, with a quiet and mükyn Sea,
till we came to the Gulf, called Golfo de legue, or of
kicking Marer, whofe waves and fwellingfurges did Co kick
Dur Ships, that we thought they would have kicked our St.,
Antbonio gilded Image out of ou» Ship, and bereaved my
Antmei Melendezoi his gilt and painted Idol, ( to whom he
Jayly bowed and prayed againft the mereiUfs Element )
ind that all our Ships Galleries would have been torn from
us with the fpumingsarrd blows of that outragious GulL
3ut at laft having overcome the danger of this Gulf, the
eight Galeons took their leave or us, and left our Merchant
Ships now to ihift for themfelves. The departure oí thefc
3aleons was moit folemnly performed on each fide, faluting
;ach other with their Ordnance, vifiting ea:h other with
their Cock-boats, the Admiral of the Fleet Ftaftmg with a
[lately Dinner in his Ship, the Admiral of the Galeons \ and

ihe like performing molt of the other Ships to the feveral

Colonels and Captains and other their Allied friends that
D WCS#
}4 ¡A NetP Survey Chapi V.
were of the Royal Fleet. Here it was worth noting to hear
the fighs of many of our Indian Apóftles, wiíhingthcy might
return again in any of thofe Galeons to Spain their Zeal was
*,

now cold, an J Tome endeavoured many ways for Calvo his

Licence to return ( which could not be granted ) others im-
ployed themíelves moft oí that day in writing Letters to
their frtends,and Sifters in Cales. Thus Dinner being ended,
and the two Admirals folemnly taking their leaves , the
warning piece being ftiot offfor the Galeons to joyn together
and turn their courfe to Spain, we bad mutual adieu, crying
one to another BuenViaje,BuenpaJfage, we kept our couife
towards America, failing befóte the wind conftantly till we
came to America A thing worth noting in that Voyage from
•,

Spain to the Indies that after the lilands of Canaria are

•,

once left, one conftant wind, continuing to America

there is

ftill the (ame without any oppoiition or contrariety of other

winds ; and this fo profperous and full on the fails, that did
it blow conftantly, and were it not interrupted with
many
calms, doubtlefs the Voyage might be ended in a month or
Sefs. But fuch were the calms that many times we had, that
we got not to the fight of any land till the twentieth day of
Augttft: fothat near fix weeks we failed as on a River of freih
water, muchdelighting and fporting our felves in Fiihing,
many of Fiihes, but efpecialiy one, which by the
forts
Spaniards is called Dorado, the golden Fid), for the skin
and leaks of it that glitter like Gold ; of this fort we found
fuch abundance,thatnofooner was the hook with any fmall
bait caft into the Sea, than prefently the Dorado was caught,
fothafc we took them many times for pleafure, and caft them
again into the Sea, being a Fiih fitter to be eaten frtihthan

faked. Many were the Feafts and (ports ufed in the Ships,
we difcovered thefirft Land, or ííland called Vijfeada.
till

The lafi day of July ( being according to the Jefuits Order,

and Romes appointment, the day of Ignatius their Patron and
founder of their Religion) the gallant Shipcalkd S. Gertrudis
( wherein went thirty Jefuits ) for theirs and their Sainis
fake
made to all the reft of the Fleet a moft gallant íhew, (he be-
ing trimmed round about with white Linnciij her flags and
top
 )

Chap. V. of the Weft-Indies; £j

top gallants reprefenting fome the Jefuits Arm?, others the
Pidureof Ignatius himielf, and this from the evening before,'
mooting offthat night at lean fifty (hot of Ordnance, brfides
four or rive hundred Squibs ( the weather being very calm
and all her Mails and Tacklings hung with Paper Lanthorns
having burning lights within them h the Waits ceafed not
from founding, nor the Spaniards from finging all night»
The days folemn fport was likewife great i the Jefuits in-
creafing the Spaniards joy with an open Proceffion in the
Ship i finging their fuperftitious Hymns and Anthems to
their fuppofed Saint i and(econded with roaring
all this
Ordnance, no Powder being fpared forthecompleating thsc
days joy and triumph. The fourth of Augufi following,
being the day which Rome doth dedicate to Vomimck, the
firiifounder of the Dominicans 01 Preachers Of der, the Ship
wherein I was, named St. Antbeny, Srove to exceed St. Ger-
trudis, by the affiftance of the twenty feven Dominicans that
were in her. All was performed both by night and day i as
formerly in St. Gertrudis, both with Powder, Squibs, Lights,
Waits and Mufick, And further did the Dominicans joy
and triumph exceed the Jefuits, in that they invited all the
Jefuits, with Don John Nino de ioledo the Preiident of Ma-
nila, with the Captain of the Ship of St. Gertrudis to a (lately
Dinner both of Fiih and Fleíh h which Dinner being ended,
for the afternoons fport they had prepared a Comedy out of
famous Lope de Vega, to be A&ed by fome Souldsers, Paf-
fengers and fome of the younger fort of Friers > which I con-
fefs was (lately Acted and fet forth both in (hows and good

Apparel, in that narrow compafs of our Ship5 as might

have been upon the beft Stage in the Court oíMadrid. The
Comedy being ended, and a Banquet offweet meats pre-
pared for the cloiing up of that days mirth, both ours, and
St. Gertrudis Cock-boat carried back our invited friends, bid-
ing each other adieu with our Waits and chiefeft Ordnances
Thus went we on our Sea Voyage without any norm, with
pleafant gales, many calms, dayly fports and paftimes, til!
we difcovered the.firft Land called Vejfead* upon the twenit-
i'fli day of Augüfl,

tí 2 CHAfc
3
6 A Km Sumy Chap, VI.

Chap. VI;

Of our ¿ifcovtry of ¡orne Iflands f and what trouble

bejel m
in one of them,

of our Fleet wondring much

THe Admiral
who from the fecond oí July
failing,
at our flow
to the 19 of
Auguft had feen nor difcovered any Land,iave only the Iflands
oí Canaria > the fame day in the morning called to Council
all the Pilots of the Ships, to know their opinions concerning

our prefent being, and the nearneis of land. The Ships

therefore drew near unto the Admiral one by one,that every
Pilot might deliver his opinion. Here was caufe of laughter
enough for the Paffengers to hear the wife Pilots skill i One
faying, we were three hundred Miles, another two hundred,
another one hundred, another fifty, another more, another
lefs, all erring much from
the truth ( as afterward appeared )
faveonly one old Pilot of the fmalleit Veffel of all, who
affirmed refolutely, that with that fmall gale wherewith we
then ailed, we ihould come toGuadalupe the next morning.
AH the laughed at him, but he might well have laughed
refi

at them, for the next morning by Sun-riiing we plainly dif-

covered an Ifland call Dejjeada by the Spaniards, or the de-
fired Land, for that at the firft difcovery of the Indias it was
the firft Land, the Spaniards found, being then as deilrous to
find fome Land after many days failing as we were. After this
liland prefently we difcovered another called Marigalante,
then another called Dominica^ and laftly, another named
Guadalupe>which was that wc aimed at to refrefh our fel ves in,
to waih our foul cloaths,and to take in freih water, whereof
we flood in great need. By two or three of the Clock in the
afternoon we came to a fafe Road lying before the Ifland,
where we caft our Anchors, no ways fearful of the naked
Barbarians of that and the other Iflands, who with great
joy do yearly expect the Spanijh Fleets cojming, and by the
Moons
Chap. VL of the Weft- Indies^ 37
Moons do reckon and hereby make their guefs
the Months,
at their coming, and prepare tome their Sugar Canes, others
the Plantin, others the Tortois, fome one Piovifion. fome
another to barter with the Spaniards for their (mail Haber-
áaíh, or Iron, Knives, or fuch things which may help them
in their Wars, which commonly they make againft fome other

iflands. Before our Anchors were caft, out came the Indi-
%ns to meet us in the Canoa's round like Troughs, fome
whereof had been Painted by our Englifa fome by the Hol-
landers, fome by the French, as might appear by their feveral
tarns, it being a common Road and Harbour to all Nations
that fail to America.
Before we refolved to go to íhore, we tailed of thofe Indian
ruits, the Plantin above all pleafing our tafted and Palate.

We could not but much wonder at that light never yetfeen

)y us of people naked, with their hair hanging down eo the
niddle of their backs, with their Faces cut out in feveral
with thin plates hanging at their Nofes9
aihions, or flowers,
ike Hog-rings, and fawning upon U3 like Children ? (otm
peaki ig in their unknown Tongue, others ufing figns for
uch things as we imagined they defired. Their fign for fome
)f our Spanifb Wine was eaiily perceived, and their requeft
nolt willingly granted by our men,who with one reafonablc
}upof Spanijh Sack presently tumbled up their heels, and
eft them like Swine tumbling on the Deck of our Ship. Af-
er a while that our people had fported with thefe rude and
wage Indians, our two Cock-boats were ready to carry to
bore fuch as either had Cloaths to Waih,or a defire to Bath
hemfelves in a Ptiver of FreQi Water which is within the

^
ilandi or a mind to fet their feet again upon unmoveable
,and,aftei>fo many days of uncertain footing in a floating and
eeling Ship. But that day being far fpent,our Friers refolded
Ship,and the next whole day to vifit the Ifland j
D ftay in the
lany of the Mariners and PaiTengers of all the Ships went
hat evening to fliore, fome returning that night, and fome
with the Indians all night on íhore-
without fear continuing
fhe nextmorning my felf and moft of our Friers went anj
4ving hired fome Spaniards to waih our Ctoac'^ ^ ñ

m
j8 J New Survey Chap. VI.
wandred fometimes all together, fometimes two and two,
and fometimes one alone about the Ifland, meeting with
many Indians, who did us no hurt, but rather like Children
fawned upon us, offering us oftheir fruits, and begging of us
whatfoever toys of pins, points or gloves they efpied about us.
We ventured to go to fome of their houfes which ftood by a
pleafant River, and were by them kindly entertained, eating
of their Fiíh, and wild Deers Fleih. About noon we
chanced to meet with fome of the Jefuits of Santa Gertrudis
Ship in the midft of the Mountain, who were very earneft
in talk with a Mulatto all naked like the reft of the Indians.
This Mulatto was a Chrifiian, born in Sevil in Spain, and
had been flave there formerly to a rich Merchant his name
was Levels, and fpoke the Spanijh Language very perfectly;
Some twelve yearstóbre, he had run away from his Mafter
by reafon of hard and ílaviíh ufage, and having got to Cales,
Gentleman then bound for America,
offering his ktvice to a
«he Gentleman fearing not that his true Mafter mould ever
have more notice of him from a new World, took him a
Ship-board with him as his flave. The Mulatto remembiing
the many ftripes which he had fuffered from his firft cruel
Mafter, and fearing that from Americahc might by fome in-
% elligence or other be fent back again to Spatn,znd alfo jealous
oí his fecond Mafter (whofe blows he had begun to furTer in
the Ship ) that he would prove as cruel as his rirft , when the
Ships arrived at Guadalupe,rdo\vcd rather to die amonft the
Indians (which he knew might be his hard fortune) han ever
i

more to live in flavery mda Spaniards. Socafting his life up-

on good or bad fortune,he hid himfeii among he Trees in the
t

Mountain till the Ships were departed,who after bring found

by the Indians ,and giving them fome toys which he had got
by ftealth from was entertained by them,they
his Mafter,he
liking him, and he them. Thus continued
this poor Chri-
fiian ilave among thofe Barbarians from year to year * who
had care to hide himfelfat the coming of the Spanijb Fleet
y.early. In ttvelve years that he had thus continued amongft

he had learned their Language, was Married to an

4 y whom he had three Children living. The Jefuits
by
Chap. VI. of the Weft- Indies. 39
hioMod perceiving more by the
by chance having met with
Wooll upon his head, that he was * Mulatto, than by his

black and tauny skin ( for thofe hdkm aint

themfclves all

colour they prefently imagined the truth that

over with red )

fo entring
he could not come thither but with fome Spaniard :
into difcourfe with him, and finding him to fpeak Spanifo,

they got the whole truth of him. Then we joyrúng with

Chriftian to for-
the Jefnits, began to perfvade the pooa
could never
fake that Heatlíeniíh life,' wherein his foul
with us,
be faved, prcmifing him if he would go along
though
he (hould be free from flavery tor ever. Poor Soul
he had lived twelve years without hearing a word
of the
the other
true God, Woiihipping Stocks and Stones with
Heathens ; yet when he heard again ofChrift, oí eternal
Damnation Torments, and of everlafting Salvation
in hells
in Heavens Joys, he began to weep,
affuringusthathe
would go with us, were it not for his Wife and Children,
whom he tenderly loved, and could not forfake them. To
this we replyed, that he might be a means of
faving like-
wife their Souls, if he would bring them with him h
and
further that we would aifure him that care ihould be taken
that neither he, his Wife,nor Children (hould ever want
means competent for the maintenance of their lives. Tne
Mulatto hearkned well to all this, though a fuddain feat
furprized him, becaufe certain Indians paifed by, and noted
his long conference with us. The poor and timorous Mu-
then told us, that he was in danger, for having been
latto
known by us, and that he feared the Indians would kill
him, and fufped that we would fleal him away j which
ifthey did, and it were noifed about the Ifland, we ihould
foon fee their love changed into cruel rage and Mutiny.
We peifwaded him not to fear any thing they could do
to us i who had Soldiers, Guns and Ordnance to fecure
ours and his life alio, wiflaiog him to refolve to bring his
Wife and Children but to the Sea-tide, where our men
were drying their Cloaths, and would defend him, and
a Boat ihould be ready to convey him with his Wife and
Children a Ship-board, The Mulatto promiied to do as
D 4 wi
 r
4® A New Survey Chap; VI.
we had Gounfelled him, and that he would entice his Wife
and Children to the Sea-fide to barter with us their Wares
for ours, defiring fome of the Jefuits C whom he faid he
fhould know by their black Coats
to be there ready for
)
him with a Cock- boat. LexeU departed, as to u he feemed,
55

what he had agreed j Our joy likewife was great

refolute in
with the hope of bringing to the light of Chiiihanity five
fouls out of the darknefs of Heatheniíh Idolatry.
The
jefuits who had begun with this Mulatto were defirous
that the happy end and conclufion might be their glory.
So taking their leaves of us, they haftned to the Sea to
inform the Admiral of what they had done, and to pro-
vide that the Cock-boat of their Ship might be in readinefs
to receive Lewis and his Family. We
likewife returned
to ihore to fee if our Shirts and Cloaths were dry.
Moft of us ( among whom my felf was one ) finding our
Linnen ready and our Boat on ihore went aboard to our
Ship, leaving two or three of our company with many of
other Ships on ihore, efpecially the Jefuits waiting for
their prey. When we came to our Ship, moft of the
Friers with what love they had found in the Barbarians,
were inflamed with a new Zeal of flaying in that Ifland,
and Converting thofe Heathens to Chriftianity , appre-
hending it an eafie bufinefs ( they being a loving people
)
and noways dangerous to us, by reafon of the Fleet that
yearly paffeth that way, and might enquire after our
ufage. Bat by fome it was objected, that it was a raih
and fooliihZeal with great hazard of their lives, and many
inconveniences were objected againftfo blind and firnple an
attempt. But thofe that were moft Zealous flighted all
:
reafons, iaying that the worft that could happen to them
could be but to be Butchered, facrificed and eaten up and •,

that forfuch a purpofe they had come out oí Spain to be

Crowned with the Crown of Martyrdom for ConfeíTmg
and Preaching Jefus Chrift. While we were hot in this
jbjemn confutation, behold an uproar on the ihore i our
i people running to and frote fa ve their lives, leaving their
Qloaths a and hafting to the Cock- boats, filling t^em fo faft
and
 —
^hap. VI. of the WefWndies: 4v
ipd fo full, thatfome funk with all the people in them ;
ibove moft pitiful and lamentable were the cries of
all,

bme of our women, many calling themfelves into the Sea

;hooiing rather to venture to be taken up by fome Boat,
>r at worft to be Drowned, than to be taken and to be

:ruellyButchered by the Indians. We

wondering at trris
Sudden alteration, not knowing the caufe of it, at laft
perceived the Arrows to come out thick from the Wood
from behind the Trees, and thereby guelTed at the truth
ihat the Barbarians were Mutined, The uproar lafted not
half an our, for prefently our Admiral (hot off two oe
three Peeccs of Ordnance and fent a Company of Soldiers to
[hore to Guard and our people with their Muskets i which
it

was well and fuddenly performed, and all the Indians

foon difperfed. Three of our Frierswho had remained
on the Land, our Cock-boat brought them to us with
more of our Püfírngers, among whom one Frier John Ve
la Cueva, was dangerouily Ghot and wounded in one of
his Shoulders ; this Frier had been earneft with me to flay
on ihorc with him, which I refufed, and fo efcaped thai
cruel and fiery onfet of the Indians. Befides thofe that
were Drowned and taken up at ihore ( which were fifteen
perfous ) two Jefuits were found dead upon the Sand 9
three more dangerouily wounded, three PaiTengers like-
wife flain, ten wounded, befides three more of the Fleet
which could never be found alive or dead, and were thought
to have been found in the Wood by the Indians, and to
have been Murthered by them. Our Mulatto Lewi* came
not according to his word i but in his ikad a fudden
Army of treacherous Indiam, which gave us motive enough
to think, that either Lewis himfelf had difcovered the
Jefuits Plot to take him away with his Wife and Children;
or that the Indians fufpe&ing it by his talk with us, had
made him confefs it. And certainly this was the ground
of their Mutiny i for whereas tewU before hadfaid, that
he would know the Jefuits by their black Coats, it feems
he had well defcribtd them above all the reft unto the

'
:'" ' '*
A;
—
Indians Jot ( as it was tf&liWll'SMf? ve<* ) mo & °f the * r
'

arrows
 4% J New Survey Chap. Vil,
Arrows were dire&ed and fo five of them
to the black Marks,
in above a quarter of an hour flain and wounded.
little

All that night our Souldiers Guarded the toaft, often

ihooting off their Muskets to affright the Indians, who
appealed no more unto us. All that night we flept little,
for we watched our Ship, left the Indians in their Canoas
íhoold fet upon us and take us afleep. Some lamented
the dead and drowned, others pitied our wounded Frier
John de la Cueva, who all that night lay in great tor-
ment and mifery, others laughed and jeared atthofe Zealous
Friers, who would have flayed in that liland to Con-
vert the Barbarians, faying they had their full defire of
Martyrdom, had they been but that night
for with the
Indians, doubtlefs they had been (tired for their Suppers.
But now we perceived their Zeal was cool, and they de-
fired no more to ftay with fuch a Barbarous kind of peo-
ple but rather wifhed the Admiral would ihoot off the
•>

warning Peece for us all to take up our Anchors, and de-

part from io dangerous a place. In the morning all the
Ships made haft to take in fuch freih water as was ne-
ceflary for their Voyage yet to America, a ftrong Watch
being kept along the Coaft, and a Guard Guarding our
men to the River > and all the morning while this was
doing not one Indian could be found or feen,nor our
three men that were miffing, appeared. Thus at noon
'
with a pleafant and profperous Gale we Hoifted up our
Sails, leaving the Iilands and Harbour of Guadalupe.

Cha p. VIÍ.

Of cur further Sailingto St. John de Ulhua, alias,

Vera Crux 5 and of ur Landing there.

UPon the twenty fecond of Augui, we Sailed fo

pkafantly that wefoon left the fight of the Iflands i

The Indians uproar,

U J -
-
-^ 1
% us a thred of long
difcourfe >
:hap. VIL of the WeíUndies; 45
ifcourfe ; It made fome hate their calling to teach and
ionvert Indians. But Calva he encouraged us, telling us
lany ftoiiesofthe good and gentle nature of the Indians
f VbilfpftnAS) to whom we were going, and that mod of
lem were Chriftians already, who efteemed their Prieits as
rods upon the Earth i and that thofe that were not as yet
inverted to Chrifiianity, were kept in awe by the power
f the Spaniards. Our chief care the firft two or three
lays was to look to our Plantins which we got from the
ndians. This Fruit pleafed us all exceedingly, pd&ing it
o be as good, or better than any FruiträSpain. It is not

jathered Ripe from the Tree but being gathered Green, it

•,

shung up fome days, and fo Ripens and grows Yellow and

/lellow, and every bit as fweet as Honey. Our Sugar
^

}anes were no lefs plcafing unto us,whilft chewing the pith,

ve refreíhed and fweetned our mouths with the juice. We
ed for the firft week almoft upon nothing but Torto'a > which
eemed likewife to us that had never before feen it, one of the
sea monfiers, the {hell being fo hard as to bear any Cart
W/hetl, and in fome above two yards broad ; when hrit they
were opened, we were amazed to fee the number of Eggs that
were in them, a thouiand being the leaft that we judged to be
in fome of them. Our Spaniards made with them an excellent
broth with all forts of Spices. The meat kemed rather Fleih

than Sea Fiüi, which being corned with Salt, and hung up
two ot three days in che Air, tailed like Veal. Thus our
Hens, our Sheep, our powdred Beef, and Gammons of
Bacon, which we brought from Spain, were fome days
llighted,while with greed y Stomachs we fell hard to our Sea*
Veal.
After four days Sail, our Frier John de la Cueva, who had
been (hot by the Indians, died i all his body being fwelledj,
which gave us juft occaiion to think, that the Arrow which
was (hot into his ihoulder was Poiioned. His Burial was as
fokrnnly performed as could be at Sea. His Grave being the
whole Ocean, he had weighty (tones hung to his feet, two
more to his ihculders, and one to his bieft > and then the
fuperftuious Romifh Dirige and Requiem being fung fosr his
SouI3
 :

44 /i New Survey Chap. VII.

Soul, hisCorps being held out to Sea on the Ship fide, with
Ropes read y to let him fall,all the Ship crying out three times,
buen naei (thzt is a good Voyage) to his Soul chiefly,and
alio
to his Corps ready to Travel to the deep to feed the
Whales
at the firft cry all the Ordnance were
(hot offithe Ropes on a
fudden loofed,and John de la Cueva with the weight of
heavy
Stones plunged deep into the Sea, whom no mortal eyes
ever
more beheld. The like we faw performed in the Ship of
Santa Gertrude to another Jefuit, one of the three
who
had been dangeroufly wounded by the Indians oí Guadalupe
;
who likewife died like our Frier, his body being f
welled as
with Poyfon. Now our Sailing was more comfortable than
before for we paffed in fight of the Land Puerto
•>
Rico, and
then of the great Ifland of St. Demingo i and here
our
company began to belefFened, fome departing to Puerto Rico,
and Sf. Domingo, others to Cartagena, and Havana, and
I!
Honduras, Jamaica, and Jucatan. We remained now alone
i! the Fleet for Mexico > and io Sailed till we came to
what the
Spaniards call la Sonda, or the Sound of Mexico
> for
here we often founded the Sea \ which was fo calm,
that a
whole week we were flayed for want of wind, fcarce ftirring
from the place where firft we were caught by the calm. Here
likewife we had great fpoit in Fi(hing,hlling again our
bellies
with Dorados3 and faving that Provifion which we had
brought from Spain. But the heat was fo extraordinary,
that the day was no pleafure unto us i for the repercuilion
of
the Suns heat upon the ftill Water and Pitch of our Ships,
kindled a fcorching fire, which all the day diftempered our
bodies with a confiant running fweat, forcing us to caft off
moft of our Cloaths. The evenings and nights were fome-
what more comfortable, yet the heat which the Sun had left
in the Pitched Ribs and Planks of the Ship wasfuch, that
under Deck and in our Cabins we were not able to fleep, but
in our íhírts were forced to walk, or fit, or lie upon
the
Deck. The Mariners fell to wafting themfelves and to
fwimming till the infortunate death of one in the Ship called
St. Francifco, made them fuddenly leave off
that fport.
The nearer we came to the main Land, the Sea abounds
wkh
;hap: VIL o/ tk Weft-Indies: 45
ith a monftrousFiih called by the
Spaniards ¿tiburón. Some

iftake this Fiih for the Caiman, or

Crocodile, holding them

for one and

•, thinking that it is only the Caiman otCro~
>th
dile ( by abufe called tiburón)
which devours mans fleih,
whole joint at a bit in the water. But the miftake is grofs,
(hells, whereas the
r the Caiman is plated all over with
iburon hath no (hells, but only like other great Sea Fiihes,
ath a thick skin. The Caiman though the Indians eat of
,yet the Spaniards hate it > who eat of the tiburón i and
j'
our Ship catching one with a tridental Iron Fork, and
aling him with a Cable Rope to the Ship fide, and then
inding him with it, (being as much as a dozen or fifteen
len could doto hoife him up into the Ship) we found him to
Ells long at leaft, which
e amoft monftrous creature, twelve
like Fleih, ashaih been
re Salted, and found like wife to eat
lid of the tortovs. This kind is as ravenous after mans fleih
s the Crocodile, and many of them were to be feen in that

¡ound of Mexico.
The Spaniards Bathing themfelves dayly by the Ships fide,
'

where there is no fuch danger of the tiburón who ufeth •,

lottocome too near the Ships ) one Mariner ofthe Ship cal-
ed being more venturous than the reft, and of-
St. Francifio

ering to Swim from his Ship, to fee fome fyiends in another

lot far off, chanced to be a moil unfortunate prey to one of

them, who before any Boat could be fet out to help him,
was thrice feen to be pulled under water by the Monfter,who
had devoured a leg, an arm, and part of his flhouldci ; the
reft of the body was after found and taken up, and
carried

to St. Framifco^ and there buried in the form and manner

as hath been faid of our Frier John de la Cueva, they that
go downtotbefeainJhipSjthefefee the works of the Lord, and
Yfalm 107. 23,24. Here they ihall
bis wonders in the deep,
Whales but other Fifties like Monfters mattering
fee not only 5

ftrongand valiant men, with feveral fcts of iharp, itrong and

mighiy teethjdevouringat onebit whole limbs with fleih and
bones together. ' This mifchance faddtd all our Fleet for three
days, till it plcafed God torefreih our burning heat with a
cool and profperous wind, diiving us out of that calm Sound,
which
 4¿ A New Survey Chap. VI]
which C if we had continued in it with that exceflive
heat
might have prove moft unfound and unhealthy to our
bodies
Three days aÉter we had Sailcd,being Munday in the
mornini
about feven of the Clock, one of our Friers faying
Mafs an!
allthe people in the Ship kneeling to hear it,
and to ador,
their bread God, one Mariner with a loud and fudden voici
cryeth out Tierra, tierra, Twr^Land, Land,
Land, whid
fejoyced the hearts of all that were in the Ship,
as it feemed
more than their Mafs, for leaving that, and their
God upor
the Altar with the Prieft to eat him alone,
they arofe from
their knees,to behold the Continent oí
America. Great was
the joy ofall the Ships that day ; and great was
the flaughtei
which our old Calvo made among his Fowls,
( which he
had fpared formerly ) to Feait that day his Friers.
About
ten of the Clock the whole face of the Land
was vifibly ap-
parent5 and we with full Sail running to embrace
it. But our
wife Admiral knowing the danger oftheCoaft,
and efpeci-
ally the dangerous entering into the
Baven,by reafon of the
many Rocks that lie about it, and are known only by
Marks
and Flagsfetout to give all Ships warning ofthem,perceiving
that with the wind wherewith we Sailed then,we
ihould not
come till towards evening to the Port : and laftly, fearing
left fome North-wind
C which is dangerous upon that Coaft,
and ordinary in the month oiSeptember ) (hould in the
night
arifc,and endanger all our Ships upon the Rocks he
i therefore
Council all the Pilots, to know whether it were beft
called to
to keep on our Sailing with full Sail that day, with
hopes to
get that day ingood time into the Haven, or elfe with the
middle draw near, that the next morning with
Sail only to
more fecurity we might with the help of Boats from Land be
guided in. The refult of the Council was not to venture that
day too near unto the Port, for fear of being benighted, but
to pull down all but the middle Sail. The wind began to
calm, and our Ships to move flowiy towards Land, and fo
we continued till night. A double Watch was kept that
night in our Ship, and the Pilot was more Watchful himfelf
and more Careful than at others times But our Friers betook
•,

themfelves to their reft i which continued not long for before

mid nigh?
¡hap. VII. of the Weft-Indies: 47
lidnight the wind turned to theNorth^which caufed a fud*
:n and general cry and uproar in ours, and all the other

lips. Our Mariners came to the Friers, ufing almofl the

me words oí Jonah f. 6. What meaneji thou, O fleepri
rife, call upon thy God, iffa be that God rviü thinly upon us,
at wt perijh not. They changed the name of God into the
leffed Virgin Mary, in whom they feem to confide in fuch
;cafions more than in God himfdf. Their fear was more
irthe apprehenfion of danger by that kind of wind, and of
hat might happen,! han for what as yet the wind threained,
hich was not ftrong nor boifterous > however hallowed Wax
iandles were lighted by the Friers, knees bowed to Maryt
etanies and other Hymns and Prayers fung aloud unto her 5
11towards the dawning of the day when behold the North
•,

ind ceafed, out wonted gale began to blow again, it being

rods will and pleafure, and no effeót of the howling Friers
rayers to Mary, who yet fupeifiitioufly to deceive the
mple people, cryed out, Milagro, Milagro3 Milagro, a
liracle, a Miracle, a Miracle. By eight of the Gloch in the
lorning we came.fo the fight of the houfes, and made Ggns
>r Boats to convey us into the Haven i which immediately

'ith great joy came out, and guided us one by one between

íofe Rocks, which make that Port as dangerous as any I have

ifcovered in ail my Travels both upon the North and South-
ea. Our Waits play'd mod pleafantiy, our Ordnance ia-
jted both Town and Fort over againft it, our heasts and
ountenances reciprocally rejoyced j we caft our Anchors,
/hich yet were not enough to fecure our Ships in that moft
angerous Haven, but further with Cable Ropes we fecured
iiem to Iron rings,which for that purpofe are faftned into the
Vail of the Fort, for fear of the ftrong and boifterous Nor-
hern winds. And thus welcoming one another to a new
Vorld, many Boats waiting for us, we prefently went with
oy to iet footing in Amarina.

CHAP.
A% A New Survey Chap. VIII.

Chap. VIII.

Of our Landingat Veta. Crux, otherwife St. John

de Ulhua, and of our entertainment there. '

UPon the twelfth day of September, we happily arrived in

America in that famous Town called
St. John de Vlbua,
otherwife Vera Crux famous for that it was the firft begin-
*

ning of the famous Conqueit of that Valiant and ever re-

nowned Conqueror Hernando ^ortez. Here firft was that
Noble and Gtnerousrefolution, that never heard of Policy,to
(ink the Ships which had brought the firft Spaniards to that
Continent, greater than any of the other three parts of the
Worldjto the intent thatthey might think of nothing but fuch
a Conqueft as after followed, being deftitute of the help of
their Ships,and without hopes evermore to return to Cuba,
Tucatan^ot any of thofe parts from whence they had come.
Here it was that the firft five hundred Spaniards ftrengthned

themielves againft millions of enemies, and againft the big-

geft fourth part of all the World. Here were the firft Magi-
itrates, Judges, Aldermen, Officers of Juftice named. The
proper name of the Town is St. John de Vlhua, other-
wiie called Vera Crux from the old Harbour and Haven
of Vera Crux, fix leagues from this, and fo called, for
that upon good Friday it was firft difcovered. But the
old Vera Crux proving too dangerous an Harbour for Ships 4
by reafon of the violence of the Northern winds, it was,
utterly forfaken by the Spaniards, who removed to Sf. John
deVlbua, where their Ships found the firft fafe Road by
reafon of a Rock, which is a firong defence againft the
winds. And becaufe the memory of the work or that
good Friday ihould never be forgotten, to St. John de Vlbua
they have added the name alio of Vera Crux, taken from
that firft Haven which was difcovered upon good Friday^
Anno 1519»
As
Chap. VIII. of the Weft-Indies: 49
As foon as we came to (bore, we found very fokmn prepa-
rations for entertainment \ all the Town being reforttd to the
Sea- fide, all the Priefisand Canons of the Cathedral Church
»11 the Religious Orders of the federal Convenís ( which are
:hereDominicans, Francifcans, Mercenarians, andjefuits J
>eing in a readinefs with their Croííis born 6efore them, to
>uide the new Viceroy oí Mexico, in proceflion to the chief
Cathedral Church. The Friers and Jeiuits were quicker in
50'ing to land, than the great Don the Marquefs de Serrtlvai
ind his Lady. Some of them kiifed the ground as holy in
:heir opinion, for the Converfion of thofe Indiani to Chri-
tianity, who before had worshipped Idols, and facrificed to
devils i others kneeled upon their knees making ftort prayers
bme to the Virgin Mary, others to fuch Saints as they beft
iffeéied ; and fo betook themfelyes to the places and Rations

)f thoíeof their Profeffion. In the mean time, all theGan-

10ns playing both from Ships and Caftle, landed the Vjce-
oy and his Lady, and all his Train, accompanied with Von
Martin de Carrillo the Vifitor-General for the flrife between
he Count ofGetves the laft Viceroy, and the Acch-bithop of
Mexico. The great Von and his Lady being placed under a
lanopy of State,began the 1e Beum to be fung, with much va-
of mufical Inuruments,all marching in Proceñíor* to the
iety
Cathedral, where with Lights of burning Lamps, Torches
md Wax-candles, was to the view of all, fet upon theHigh-
Utar their God of Bread j to whom all knees were bowed,
í Prayer of Thankfgiving fung, Holy water by a Prieft
prinkled upon all the people, and laftly, a Mafs, with three
5
rkfts, fo!emnly celebrated. This being ended, the Vice-
oy was attended on by the Chief High- JuiUce, named AU
aide Major, by the Officers of the Town, fome Judges fnt
rom Mexico to that purpofe, and all the Souldiers of the
¡hips and Town, unto his Lodging The Friers likewife in
:

'roceilion, with their Crofs before them, were conducted to

heir feveral Gloiiters. Frier Calvo prefented his Dominicana
o the Prior of the Cloifter of St. Vomink^ who entertain»
d us very lovingly with fome Svveet-meats, and every one
yith a Cup of the Indian drink, called Qbitc4atii\ wheíeoí
E 'I
 50 J New Survey Chap. VlIL
1 ihall (peak hereafter. This Refreihment being ended, we
proceeded to which was a moft ftately Dinner both
a better,
of.Fifa and FlePn j no Fowls were fpared, many Capons,
Turkey-Cocks and Hens were prodigally laviftied, to (hew
us the abundance^and plenty of Provifion of that Country.
The Prior ofthis Cloifter was no Staid, Ancient Grey-headed
Man,, fuch as ufually are made Superiours to govern young
and wanton Friers but he was a Gallant and Amorous
-,

young Spark,who(as we were there informed) had obtained

frotp, his Supexiour the Provincial Government of that Con-

vent, with a Eiibeof a thoufand Duckats. After Dinner

he had fome of us to his Chamber, where we obferved his
Ijghtneis, and little favour of Religion or Mortification in
h\in We thought to have found in his Chamber fome ftately
:

library, which might tell us of Learning and love of Study i

but we found not above a dozen old Books, iianding in a
corner, covered with uuft and cobwebs, as if they were
aihamed that the Vreaiure that lay hid in them, ihould be fo
much forgotten and undervalued i and the Guitarra (the
Spanijh Lute ) preferred and fct above them. His Chamber
was richly dreííed and hung with many Pictures, and with
Hangings,fomc made with Cotton. Wool!, others with va-
rious coloured Feathers of Mecboacan, his Tables covered
with Carpets of Silk i Cupboards adorned with feveral
forts ctCbina Cups and Diííies, ftored within with feveral
Dainties of Sweet-meats and Gonfcrves,.
w This fight feemed to the zealous Friers of our Miifion moft
vain, and unbeieeming a pclbr and Mendicant Frier i to the
others, whofe end in coming from Spain to thole parts was
Liberty, and Loofnefs, and Govetoulnefs of Riches this light
was pleafing, and gave them great encouragement to enter
further info that Country,where foon a Mendicant Lazarus
might become a ^roud and wealthy Difes. The cflfcou;fe
of the young and light-headed Prior, was nothing but vain
boaftingof Himfelf, of his Birth, his parts, his favour with
the chief Superiour or Provincia^the love which the beft La-
diesjthe lieheft Merchants Wives of the Town bare unto him,
of his clear and excellent Vüice,and great dexterity in Mufick
whereof
Chap. VIII. of the Weft-Indies; 51
thereof he prefently gave us a tafte, tuning his Guktarra»
ind finging to us fome Verfes (as he faid,of his own compo-
ing) fome lovely 4maryMsjLdd\n% fcandal to fcandal,loofnsfs
o liberty » which it grieved fome of us to fee in a Superiour,
«ho ihould have taught with words, and in his Life and
Sonverfation, examples of Repentance arsd Mortification.
Mo fooner were our Senfes of Hearing delighted well with
Muiick, our Sight with the objetas of Cotten- Wool, Silk
ind Feather- works, but prefently our Prior caufed to be
arought forth of all his ftore of Dainties, fuch variety as
rriight likewife relifh well and delight oui Senfe
of Tailing,

rhus as we were truly tranfported from Europe to America,

"0 the World feemed truly to be altered, our Senfes changed
Prom what they were the night and day before, when we heard
:he hideous noife of the Mariners, hoifing up Sails
when -,

we faw the Deep, and Monfter* of it i when we tailed the

Sinking water i when we fmclf the Tar and Pitch : But here
we heard a quivering and trembling Voice, and Inftrument
well tuned, we beheld Wealth and' Riches, wetafted what
was fweet, and in the Sweet- meats fmelt the Musk and Civet,
wherewith that Epicurean Prior had feafoned hisConferves.
Here we broke up our Difcouiie and paftimes, deiirousto
wätkabroad and take a view of the Town, having no more
time than that and the next day to ftay in it. We
compared
it round that afternoon ; and found the fituation of it to be
fandy, except on the South- weft fide, where it is Moorifh
ground, and of (landing Bogs
full •>which with the great
heats that are there, caufe it to be a very unhealthy place :
The number of Inhabitants may be three thoufand, and
f

amongfl them fome very rich Merchants, fome worth two

hundred> fome three hundred,and fome four hundred thou-
find Duckats. Of the Buildings little we obferved,for they
are all, both Houfes, Churches and Cloifters, built with
Boards and Timber, the Walls of thericheft mans Houfe be-
ing made but of boards, which with the impetuous Winds
from the North, hath been the caufe that many times the
Town hath been for the moil part of it burnt down to the
ground. JW great Trading from Mex'm, and by Mexico
E 2 from
 52 J New Survey Chap. VlIL
fromtheE¿/r fiom S/w«, fromC«¿¿, Sf. Domingo,
India's y
Jucatan, Portobello, and by Fortobello from Pera, from C#r-
tagena, and all the íílands lying upon the North- Sea, and
by the River Alvar ado going up to Zapotean, St. Ildefonfo,
and towards Guaxaca, and by the River Grijaval, running
up to Tabafco, Los Zeques and Cbiapa de Indios, maketh this
little Town very rich, and to abound with all the Commo-

dities of (he Continent Land, and of all the Ea({ and We(l-
India's Treafarcs. The unhealthineG of the place is the rea-
fon of the paucity of Inhabitants, and the paucity of them^
together with the rich Trading and Commerce, the Reafons
that' the Merchants therein are extraordinary rich i who yet
might have ken far richer, had not the Town been fo often
fired, and they in the fire had great loins. All the ftrength
ot this Town is fir It the hard and dangerous entrance into
the Haven ;
and fecondly, a Rock which lieth before the
Town, lefs than a Mufket (hot off i upon which is built a
Cattfej and In the Ca (tie
Garifrn of Souldrers.
a flight In
the Town there is neither Fort nor Caft!e,nor fcarce any
people of Warlike minds. The Rock and Cafile are as a
Wall, Defence snd Incloiureto the Haven, which otherwife
lieth wide open to the Ocean, snd to the Northern Winds
No Ship dares can Anchor within the Haven, but only undei
the Rock and CaSilc, and yet not fure enough fo with An-
chors, except with Cables alfo they be bound and faitned tc
Rings of !ion,f r that puipofe, to the fide of the Rock ; frorr
whence fometimes it hath happned, that Ships floating witf
'
the ilream too much on one tide the Reck, have been driver
V.
off and can upon the other Rocks, or out to the Ocean, the
Cables of their Anchors,and thofe wherewith they have beer
faftned to the Gallic, being broken with the force of th<
Winds. This happned to oik of our Ships the firU nightaf
ter we landed i who were hapy that we were not then a
Sea: For there .arofe fuch a ftorm ard tempeft from th
North, that it quite bioke the Cables of one Ship, and drov
it out to the main Sea. and we thought ir would have blowi

and droven us cut of our beds after it , for the flight boarde<
Hüuíes did fo totter and ihake, that we f Npefted tveiy hcu
whsr
 ;

2hap. VIII. of the Weft Indies. $

hen they would upon our heads. We had that night
fall

loughof St. 'John de Vlhua, and little leíi, though feailtd

;
well at Supper as at Dinner by our vain boafting Prior,
ho before we went to bed, bad caufed all our feet to be
aihed, that now in eaikr beds than for above two months
gethertheflrait and narrow Cabins of the Ship had allow-
l us, our deep might be more quiet, and more nourifhing
i
our bodies but the whittling Winds, and tottering
•,

hambcrs,which made our Beds uneafie Crad les to us,caufed

;to Hie from our reft at midnighr,and with our bare (chough
allied J feet, to feck the dirty Yard for fafer íheSrer. In .

e morning the Friers of the Gloifter, who were acquainted

ith thoie Winds and Storms, laughed at our .fearrulnefs i
Furing us, that they never flept bitter, than when their
;ds vvere rocked with fuch But (hat nights Af-
like biafts.
ightment made us weary already of our good and kind En«
rtainment : We deiired to remove from the Sea- ííde , which
ir Supcriour Calvo yielded to,not for our fears fake fo much

for his fear, left with eating too much of the Fruits of that
ountry, and drinking after them too greedily oí the Wa-
r, which caufed dangerous Fluxes, and hafteneth death
(
i thofe that newly come from Spain to thoie puts) we
ould fall lick, and die there, as hundreds did after
ir departure, for want of temperance in the ufe of thofe
ruits, which before they had never feen or eaten. Thirty
ules were ready for us, which had been brought a purpofe
om Mexico^ and had waited for us in St. John de Vlhus
i da^s before ever the Fleet arrived. Calvo that day hu-
id himfelfaihip board, in fending to ihore our Ghefts,and

ch provition as had been left of Wines, and Bisket, Gam-

tons of Bacon, and faked Beef» whereof there was fomc
Dre, befides a dozen Hens, and thsee Sheep , which was

uch wondered at, that fo much fliould be left, after fo

ng a Voyage. In the mean time we vifited our Fiiends,
id took our leaves of them in the farenoon , and after

inner feats vvere prepared for us in the Cathedral Church

i
and fee a Comedy a&d, which had been on purpofe
fit

idiedand prepared bytheTown for the Entertainmsnc

s
54 A New Survey Chap IX.

of the new Viceroy of Mexico. Thus two days onely wc

abode in St. John deVlbua, and fo departed.

Chap. IX,

Of our Journey from St. John de Ulhua to Mexico ,

and of the moft remarkable Towns and Villages

in the way.

T T Pon the 1 4. day of September we left the Town and

U Port oí Si. Jobnde Vlhua, entring into the Road to
Mexico; which we round the fir ft three or four league? to
be very Tandy, as wide and open as is ourRoad from Lon-
don to St. Mans, The Hrft Indians we met with, was at
the old Vera Cmx, a Town feated by the Sea-lide, which, the
Spaniards thai conquered that Country, thought to
firft

have made their chief Harbour ; Eut afterwards, by reafon

of the fmall iheker they found in it for their Shi ps againil
the North Winds, they and removed to St. John di
left it,

VJ.'na, Here we began power of the Priefti

to difecver the
and Friers over the poor Indians, and their fubjections and
obedience unto them. The Prior oí St. John de Vlhua had
writ a Letter unio them the day before of our palling thai
way, charging them to meet us in the way, and to welcome
us into thofe parts \ which was by the poor Indians gallantlj
performed i for two miles before we came to the Town,ther<
met us on Horfe-back feme twenty of the chief oí the Town
preferring unio every one of us a Nofegay of Flowers i wh<
rid btfoie"us a Bow-ihot, till we met with more comparj
on foot, to wit, the Trumpeters, the Waits ( who found \

ed pleaiantly all the way b.fore us) the Officers of tfl

Church, fuch as here we call Church- wardens, though mol
in number, according to the many Sodalities or Confratca
nicies of Saints whom they ferve Thtfe likewife prefented t(
:

each of us a Nofe gay. Next met us the Singifig-qjen an(

'

'Boys, all the Quc'riiters, who foftly and Jeifurely

before
 :

Chap. IX. ,
of the WefUncKes. 55
before us finging, Te Veum
laudamm, till m came to the
great, Elm- trees, the
midftofthe town, where were two
up an long Arbour wnh
chief Market pi ice-, there was
fet

Bows, and a Tabic ready furmihed with Boxes of

Preen
Diet-bread, to pre-
Conferves,and other Sweet meats, and
for a Cupof Chocolattei.
whicn wh.lü it
pare our ftomachs
fugar, the chief J«-
was feafoning with the hot-water and
dims and Officers of the Town
made a Speech unto us,
our hinds one by one
having firft kneeled down and killed
their Country, calling us the Apo-
They welcomed us into
that we had left our
tilesof Mus Chíffl, thinked us for
Friends, oar Fathers and Mothers tor
own Country, our
us, they honoured usas Gods
to fave their Souls They told
:

upon Earth, and rmny inch

Complements they uied till
ourChocolatte was brought. We refrefiied our ftlves for
fpace of an hour, and gave hearty thanks to the Indians
the
alluring them, that nothing
for their kind reipeäs unto us \
their Soulslywhich
wa« more dear unto us in this World than
that we might fave,we regarded not Sea nor Land-dangers,
not the inhumane Cruelties of barbarous
and (m & Indians
no knowledge of the true God no, nor
( who is yet had )

our own lives.

¿see
o*
And thus our leaves, giving unto the chiet
we took
Medals, fome Crc-ffes of Brafs, (orne
them fome Beads, fome
AgnmVú, fome Reliqius brought from Spain, and to every
which the
one of the Town an indulgence of forty years (
whom,
Pope had granted unto us.to beftow whereand upon
blind that
and as often as we would ) wherewith we begin to
popiih Principles.
fimple people with ignorant,erroneous and
behold the
As we went out of the Arbour to rake our Mules,
men and women i who as
Market-place was full of Indian
the ground, as
they faw us ready to depart, kneeled upon
adoring us for a bleffing v which as we rid along,
we beftow-
td upon them with lifted up hands on high,
making over
them the fign of the Crofs. "And this fubmiliion of the poor
glory in ad-
Indians unto the Prieils in thofe parts this vain
•,

mittingfuch ceremonious Entertainment and Publick Wor-

ship from them,'cidfo puff up fome of our young Friers
E 4. hearts.
 56 A New Survey Chap IX.
hearts that already they thought therofclves better than
the
bejftBiCbogs in Spam, who though proud enough, yet never
trav. 1 there with fuch publick Acclamations as we did. The
Wait? and Ttumpets founded again before us, and the chief
of the Town conducted us a mile forward, and fo took their
The firtf two days we lodged but in poor fmall Indian
leaves.
Towns, among whom we ftíll found kind Entertainment,
and good itore of Provifion, efpecially oí Hens, Capons!
Turkeys, and íeverai fots of Fruits. The third day at night
wc cameto great Town, confuting of near two thoufand
a
Inhabitants,fome Spaniards.icmt Ixdianf¿*\kd,Xalapa
de la
Vera Crux. This Town in the year, 1634. was made a new
Biihops See the Biihoprick of the City, called La Puebla
( de
los Angeles, hemg divided into two) and this
being not above
the third part out, is thought to be worth Ten
thoufand
Duckats a year. It ilands in a very fertile Soil for
Indian
Wheat, called Maíz, and fome Spanifh Wheat. There
are,
many Towns about it cf Indians i but what makes it rich
are themmy Farms of Sugar, and fome
which they call
Manila s,v\d-\ Farms for breeding of Mules and Cartel and
i
iikewiie ftroe Farms ofCocbiml. In this Town there is but
one great Church and an inferiour Chappel, both belonging
toaCIoifter of Francifcan Friers, wherein we were
lodged
that night, and the next day, being the Lord's
Day. Though
the Revenues of this Cloifter be great, yet
it maintains not
above half a dcien triers, where twenty might be
plentifully
maintained > that fo thofe few Lubbers might be more
abun-
dantly, and like Epicures, ted and nourifhed.
The Supe-
rior or Guardian of this Cioiiter, was no lefs
vain than the
Prior cf St. John de Vlhua i and though he were not of our
Prefcffion, yethe welcomed us with (lately Entertainment.
Here, and whereioever farther we travelled, we (till
found in*
the Prieits and Friers loofnefs of life,and their
ways and
proceedings contrary to the waysoftheiiprofeilion,iwornto
by a foicmn Vow and Covenant. This Order efpecially
of the
Mendicant Francifcan Friers voweth ( beildcs 'Chaftity
and
Obedience ) Poverty more rttiftly to be obferved, than
any
other Order of the Romijh Church i for theii Clothing
ought
to
:hap: IX. of the Weft-Indies. j7
i
becourie Sack-cloth > their Girdles made of Hemp, ihould
: no than ftrong Halters their Shirts Ihould be but
finer ',

Woollen, their Legs ihould knownoflockings,theirFeetno

oes, but at the moft and beft cither wooden clogs or fan-
ils of Hemp, their hands and fingers ihould not fo much
as

»uch any mony, nor they have the ufe, or polTc ilion, or pro-
riety ofany, nor their journeys be made eafie with the help
FHorfes to carry them, but painfully thty ought to travel on
>ot and the breach of any of thefe they acknowledge to be
•,

deadly and mortal fin, with the guilt of a high Soul-damn-

ig, and Soul-curfing Excommunication. Yet for all thefe
onds and Obligations, thofe wretched Imps live in thofe
though they had never vowed unto the Lord,fhew-
arts, as

ig in their lives, that they have vowed what they are not

ble to preform. It was to us a ftrange and kandalous light,

o fee here in Xalappa a Frier of the Cloifter riding with his

.ackey-boy by his tide,upon a goodly Gelding (having gone
iut to the Towns end-, as we were informed, to hear á dying
up to his Girdle
nan's Gonfeffion) with his long Habit tucked
nakinglhewof a fine 111k Orange-colour Stockrn upon his
sgs, and neat Cordovan (hoes upon his toot, with a fine
iblland pair of Drawers, with a Lace three inches broad at
tnee. This fight made us willing to pry further into this
ind the other Friers carriages, under whole broad fleeves we
:ould perceive their Doublets quilty with iilk, and at their
wrifts the Laces of their Holland Hurts. In their talk we
could difcern no Mortification, but mere vanity and world-
linefs. After Supper, fome of them began to talk of carding
and dicing : us that were but new comers
They challenged
to thofe parts, to a Primera/, which though moft of ours re-
fufed, fome for want of money, fome for ignorance of that
Game, yet at M,
with much ado, they got two of our
Friers tojoyn with two of theirs fo the Cards were hand-
•>

fomely íhufíied, the vies and revies were doubled, Lofs made
fome hot and blind with paffion Gain made others eager and
-,

covetous : And thus was that Pveligious Cloifter made all

night a Gaming- houfe ; and fworn Religious Poverty,turned
Into profane and worldly Govetoufnefs, We that beheld fom
i
•
"\ part
 58 A Net» Survey Chap. IX
part of the night the Game, found enough to obferve:
foi
the more the fport increafed, fcandals to the fpoit wen
added, both by drinking, and fwearing that common Oati
Voto a Cbrifto, Voto a Dios i and alfo by fcoffing and jearinc
at the religious Vows of Poverty, which they had vowed
for one of the Francifcans, though formerly he had touched
money, and with his ringers had laid it to the flake on th<
Table i yet fome times to make the Company laugh, if hi
had chanced to w in a double vie (and fometimes the vies and
levies went round of twenty Patacons ) then would he
take
she end of one ileeve of his Habit, and open wide the
othei
broad Ileeve, and fo with his fleevefweep the moneyinto his
other ileeve, faying, I have votved not to touch mony, nor
to
fyepany, I meant then a natural Contad of hi but my
fleevemay touch it, and my fíe: ve my k$ep it : Shewing with
feoffs and jefis of his lips, what Religion was in
his heart,
My ears tingled with hearing fuch Oaths, my tongue would
have uttered iome words of Reproof, but that I coniidered
my felf a Gueft and a ilranger in a ftrange Houíe i and that
if I ihould fay, any thing it would do no good So fiiently :

I departed to my reft, leaving the Gameflers, who continued

till Sun-riling; and in the morning Í was informed, that the
|efting Frier, that rather roaring Boy,than Religious Francif-
ean, titter for Sardanapalus, or Epicurus his School, than to
live in a Cloiiter, had loft fourfcore and odd Patacons i his
ileeve it feems refusing to keep for him what he had vowed
never to poifefs. Here Í began to find out by experience of
íheíe Francifcans, that Liberty and Loofnefs of life it was
that brought yearly fo many and Jefuits from Spain
Friers
to thofe parts, rather than zeal of preaching the Gofpel, and
converting Souls to Ghrift \ which indeed being an ad of
higheft Charity, they make a fpecial Badge of the truth of
their Religion: But the loofnefs of their Lives fhewcth evi-
dently,that the love of Mony, Vain-glory, of Power and Au-
thority over the poor Indians, is theii end and aim, more than
any love of God.
From Xalappa we went to a place, called by the Spaniards
La RwxenaJii which is no Town nor Village, and therefore
1

not
:hap: IX. o/ tfc Weft-Indies. 59
in fuch a Road as now I am in y
yet
,ot worth mentioning
it muft not be omitted
arnongft
s fcmous in two things,
fo far from any othes 1 own
rieater places. This place ftands
hat Travellerscan fcarce
make their journeys without either
at night, or declining
»hing there at noon, or lying these
or four miles out of the Road to fome Indians 1 own.
hree
no more than
it is
one Houie, which the Spaniards callFéató,
in the corner ot a low Valley,
oras our E»e/i/Mnn, feaced
hotteft place from St. John de Vlbua to MtWQ :
which is the
and Fountains in all the Road %
About it are the beft Springs
and the Water, though warm with the heat of trie Sun, yet
as fweet as any Milk. The Inn- keepers knowing well the
cool and refreChing drink, have
Spaniards heat, that it fceks
lay in Water in great earthen Veffcis,
which
fpecial care fo to
watertih Sand, that it is fo cold,
they fet upon a moift and
maketh the teeth to chatter. This fwectnefs, and this
that it
Water in fo hot and fcorching a
coolnefs together of that
Re-
Country, was to us a wonder, who could find no otner
heat. Befidc, jur Pío-
freihment from that extraordinary
vilions here of Beef, Mutton,Kid,
Hens, Turkeys, Rabbets,
Fowls, and efpecialiy Quails, was fo plentiful and cheap,
that we were añoniíhed at it. The Valley and Country
very rich and fertile, full of Spanifh Farms or i

about it is

Sugar and Cochinil, Spanijh and Indian Wheat. But what

maketh me more efpecialiy remember this Venta, or inn, is,
for that ¿hough Art and Experience of man have found a
place, cool, and re-
way to provide for Travellers in fo hot a
and God hath given it the f weetnefs ot Milk,
freihing Water,
, yet all this in
and to the place fuch abundance oí Provifion
comfortable and pleafam ; but in the night the
the day only is

Cwnfites en infierno, that is to fay , Comfits in

Spaniards call it
is fo extraordinary, that it is im-
for not only the heat
Hell i

poflfible ro be feeding without wiping away the continual

are always
fweat of the face, vvhofe drops from the brows,
blind our eyes^nd to fill with fauce our dilhes h hut
r^ady to
the fwarms of Gnats are fuch, thatwaking and ileeping no
device of manis able to keep them
True it is, moft of
off.

to hang about
us had our Pavilions which wecanied with us ;

•
,. and
 6o A Nem Survey Chap. IX.
and over our beds, bat thefe could
Placing and ffinging Vermine,
not defend
which like
us
Efyp,, C
fromthat

Curtains to come upon our very

are not; but ,uft a, Sun-fetting

and a Sun-nfipg away they go.

troublefome n,ght, we found
beds. ¥et in theday thev
thcy begin to (warn,
After a moft tedious and
the rifing of the Sun
S
difperfed and baniftied
had
them away.we thought it beft fo"
us o
flee away 6om that place
with them ; and fofrom
early wedeparted (
thence
oaTownaspleafan t andfertil,and aboun-
mg WMth Proviho„ as this
Rinconada, and from fuch
^«/"S, and md.vidual Mates and
L before Companions, as ,he
night had intruded themfdves upon
us
,^, n f " ! ht
8 we got toa Town called
Sigma, inhabit-
vt"m
f
3nd #-*•*, confiflinl of about
,L? A?
«ooufand Inhabnants Here again,
a
: without any charges, we
were fiatcly entertained by Francifcan
Friers, as light and
vain glorious as thofe of
Xalappa. This Town had it, firft
begmnmg and foundation by Hernando
W Segura de la Frontera, being
Comz, and its cal-
built up by him for a Fron-
ner lown.tofecure the
Spaniard, that came from St.
7tó«
dt Vibxa to Afa«, againft
the Cuihuacan, and people
of Te-
peacac.who were allied to the
Atóc^aud fo much annoyed
the Spamardr. But what moft incenfed Cones
was,that af-
Mi his firft repulfe from Mexico,
the /*<&„, infulting over
him and the reft of his Company,
who they heafd had
been dangeroufly wounded, and
were retired to llaxcallan
torecoverand ttrengthen themfelves ;
the two Towns,G*/&« -

and npucac then in League

with the Mexican, zgzmä.
Comz, and the Towr>o(T/a X ca!!an, lying
W/, took twelve of them, and facrirkd
inwaicfor theV
them alive to their
Idols, and ear their fleih
Whereupon Conez denied
Max,xca a chief Captain of tlaxcallan,
and divers other
Gentlemen of that Town, to go with him,
3 nd to help him to
be avenged of the people of Tepeacac,
for the cruelty «fed to
twelve ot his Spaniard,; and tor
the daily and great hurt
the, alio did tothe Inhabitants of
llaxcaSan, withthehelp
ot their allied f ends the Culhna
n cms and Mexican,. Maxix- .
:hap. XL of tie Weft-Indies. 61
a and the chief of Tlaxcallan forthwith entred into coun-
cl with the States and Commonalty of
the Town, andthere
letermined with general confent,to give unto him forty thou-
sand fighting men, befides many Tamemez, who are foot
Carriers, to bear the Baggage, Vidua!, and other things»
Vith this numble oSIlaxcartecas, his own men and Horfes»
Zottez went to 'tepeacac^ requiring them, in fatisfa&ion of
:he death of the twelve Ghrifiians, that they iliould now
i/ield themfelves to the obedience of the Emperor and King
)f Spain his Matter ; and hereafter never more to receive any
Mexican info their Town or Houfes, neither yet any of the
Province oíCalhna. The Tepeacaes anfwered, that they had
[lain the Spaniards for juft and good caufe vwhich was, that

being time of War,they prefumed to pafs through their Coun-

try by force without their will and licenfe. And alfos thatihe
Mexicans and Culhmcans were their Friends and Lords,
whom alway they would friendly entertain within their.
Town and Houfes, refuting utterly their offer and requeft j
proteil ing to give no obedience to whom they knew not, will-
ing them therefore to return incontent to Tlaxcallan^ ex-
cept they had a defire to end their weary days, and to be fa-
cr irked and eaten up as their twelve Friends had been,
Cort(Z yet invited them many times with peace s and feeing
it prevailed not,he began his Wars in earned. The 'Tepeacacs,

with the favour of the Culbuaeans^ were brave and luity,and

began to flop and defend the Spaniards entrance into their.
Towns. And being many in number, with divers valiant
men among them, began to skkmiih fundry times: But at
the end they were overthrown, and mmy ftain, without kil-
ling any Spaniards.dthough many oiTlaxcalteas were killed
that day. The Lords and principal Perfons oí Tepeacac fee-
ing their overthrow,and that their firength could not prevail,
yielded themfelves unto Cortez for Valíais of the Emperor \
with condition, to baniih for ever their allied Friends otCnl-
bua and that he íhodd punifti and correct, at his will and
i

pleafure, all thofe which were occafion of the death of the

twelve Spaniards. For which caufes and obftinacy, at thefirft

Car/fz judged by his Sentence, that ail the Towns which had
been
 6t 'JNemSurvej Chap* IX,
been privy to theMurther, fhould for ever remain Captives
and Slave : Others affirm.that he overcame them without any
condition, and corrected them for their difobedience, bring
Sodomites, idolaters, and eaters ofmans fleih.and chiefly for
example of all others. And in conclufion.they were condemn-
ed, for Slaves ; and within twenty days that thefe Wars
foil-
ed, he pacified all that Province, which is very great
> he
drave from thence the Culhuacans, he threw down the Idols,
and the chief perfons obey'd him. And for more aftV
ranee, he built there this Town, naming it Segura
déla
Frontera, appointing all Officers for the purpofe, whereby
the
Chriiikns and Strangers might pafs without danger from Ve-
ra Cruz to Mexico. This Town !ikewife,as all the reft from
St. Johnde VibuAo Mexico, is very plentiful of Provifion,
and many forts of Fruits, namely, Plantines, Sapotes, and
Chicofapottes, which have within, a great black kernel
as big
as our Horfe-plum the fruir it fdf is as red within
i
as Scar-
let, as fweetas Honey, but t\\Q Cbicojapotte
is lefs, and fome
oí them ied, fome brown coloured, and fo juicy,
that at the
eating, the juice, like drops of honey,falls from them and
íhefmeü is unto a baked Pear. H.re likewife werepre-
like
fented unto us Cluftcrs of Grapes as fair as any in
Spain,
which were welcome unto us,f >r that we had feen none fince'
we came from Spain \ and we faw by them, that the Coun-
try thereabouts would be very fit fofVmeyards, if
the King
oí Spain would grant the planting of Vines in thofe parts,'
which olten he hath rtfufed to do, left the Vineyards there
fhould hinder the Trading and Trafick between Spain
and
thofe parts, whichxertainly had they but Wine, needed
not
any commerce with Spun, This Town is of a more tern-
perate Climate than any other from Vera Crux to Mexico^
and the people who formerly had been caters ofmans fleflb,
cow as civil and politick, as loving and courteous as any in
the Pioad. From whence we declined
a little out of our way
more Weftward ( the R.oad being
North- weft ward ) only to
tee that famous Town of Tuxcallun, whofe Inhabitants
joyned with Cortez, and we nuy fay, were the chief Inilru-
ments of that great and unparallei'd Gonqueit.
CHAP.
•hap. X. of the Weft-Indies. 6}

Chap. X.

'herein is fit down the eftate and condition of the

great Town of Tlaxcallan,
when the firft Spani-
ards entred the Empire 0/ Mexico Cortez his :

with the Tlaxcakaca's, their League

firft encounter
with him, with a Defcription of the Tarn? ; and of
the eftate and condition of it now.

rLaxcaüanháv\% worth all the reft ofthe Towns and

Villages between St. John de Vlfata and Mexko^l
lought it not fit to parallel it with
the otjhers, in naming it

rieny, and paiTisg by it as a Traveller'j but rather I judged

: convenient and béfeeming my prefent Hifiory,to record to
ofterity|with one whole Chapter,íhe greatnefs of it, and the
alour of its Inhabitar.tsirom the Conqueft of America made
>y Hernando. Cortez.
Who being upon his march to Mexico^
nd having arrived to Zaclotan, and being informed that the
ftaxcaltactft were men of Valour, and Enemies to Monte-
ama the Emperor oí Mexico, thought it his beft policy io
oyn with them againft the Mexicans.
Whereupon he difpatched unto themfop* Indians oía
Fown called Zempaüan, as Ambaffadors to accquaint them
)f his coming into thofe parts, and of his defire
to viiit their

Fown, not for any harm he intended to them, but rather for
;heir good. Thctlaxcaltacá's fearing Cortez, and judging
lim a friend oí Montezuma, becaufe upon his way to viiit
tiimi and having heard of the many coftíy prefents which
the Emperor had fent unto him, they refolved to refilt his

:oming, and to fend him no Anfwer to his Arnbafftge i but

took the four Meffengers which he had fent, and imprifoned
them, minding to facrifice them unto their Gods as Spies.
Cortez feeing the long tarrying of the Meffengers, departed
from Zachuny without, any intelligence from tlaxcallan.
His
 ¿4 J New Survey Chap, X
His Camp had not marched much after their
departure fron
that place, but they came to a great
circuit of iione mad.
without lime or morter, being of a fathom and
a half high
•and twenty foot broad, with loop holes to
Wall croifcd over a whole Valley, from one
a*. Thi OW
I
Mountain t(
another, and but one only entrance or gate,
in the which th<
one Wall doubled againft rhe other, and the
way diere wa<
forty paces road, in fuch" fort, that was an evil and pe^
it
iillous pailage, if any had been there to def nd it.
Cortez
demanded the caule oí that circuir, and who had
built it
Thelnjmnt that went with him, told him, that it
was but a
Anfión from their Country and Tlaxcallan and
that thcii
Anccftors had made fame to d^iturb the entrance of the
the
Uaxdsttacaj in the time of War, who came to
rob and mur-
thcr them, becaufe of the Friendftip
betwixt fhem and Mon-
tezuma whofe Veffcls they vyrre. That
«range and coitly
Wail feemed a thing of great ma jefty to the
Spaniard*, and
more fpcrfluous than profitable, yet they
fufpe&ed that
the llazcaltecas were valiant Warriers,
who had fuch a de-
fence made againii them. But Cortez fetting all fear afide
with three hundred Soldiers on a rank,entred
«he way in
the Wall, and proceeded in good
order all the way for-
wards, carrying the Ordnance ready charged,
and he him-
ú a11 his Army and í^ctímes
' he would
if i , ,
be half a league befor them, to difcover and
to make the way
plain^ And having gone the fpoce of three leagues
from
tnat circuit he commanded
i his Foot- men to make haiie
becaufe was fomewhat late, and he with his Horfemen*
it

went todefay the way forwards, whoafcending up

a hill
two oi theioimoft Horfc-menmet with fifteen Indims arm-
ed with Swords and Tragets, and Tuffs
of Feathers, which
they ufed to wear in the War. Thefe fifteen being Spies
when they faw the Horfemtn, began to fíie with tear,
or
die to give advice. But Cortez approaching
with other
three Horfemen, called to them to tf
ay? which they
by no means would harken unto i til! lix
more Horic-
men ran after them, and overtook them. The Indians then
joyoing all together with determination
rather to die tl an
to
Chap. X. of the Weft-Indies. 6$
Spaniards figns to (land mil. But
to yield, (hewing to the
taHorfemen coming to lay hands upon them jthey prepared
ihemfelves to Battel, and fought,
defending themíelves íor a
their Bones,
while. In this fight the Indians flew two oí
Spaniards do witnefs ) at two b'ows they cut off
>nd ( as the
I Horfe's Head, bridle
and all Then came the reí] of the
approached, for
Horfemen, the Army alfó of the Indians
there were near five thoufand of them in gctod or-
in fight

der to futcour their fifteen fighting

men; but they came
purpofe, for they were all flaw by the fyi*
too'late for that
nijh fury,becaufc they
would not render themfelves in time,
had'killed two of their Horfes. Yet ho>w¡th%ndir g
and
fought, till they fpied the Spanifb Army
their fellows
returned, leaving the
coming, and the Ordnance, then they
Spaniards, whole Hoifemen followed them, and
field to the
flew about feventy of them,
without receiving any hurt.
advantage which
With this the Indians perceiving the great
the Spaniards had againft them
with their Horics, and mean-
a more powerful Ar-
ing tocóme upon them fubtüly with
better deceivq and delude them
my, that they might the
they fent untoCartez two of the four Meifcngers which had
faying, that they
been fent unto them, with other Indians,
things that had happen-
óíllaxcallan knew nothing of the
ed, certifying likewife that thofe with
whom he had f ought,
and not of their jurifdiého ¿
were of other Communities,
paííed i and forasmuch
being forrowful for that which had
willingly pay for
asithapned in their journey.tbey would
praying them 10 come in
the two Horfes which were iUin,
receive them,
good time to their Town, who would gladly
bec¿ufe they
and enter into their League of Friendihip,
feemed to 6e valiant men: But all this
was a fcigncdand a
falfe meiTage. Yet Cortez believed them, and gave them
and that accoidmg
thanks for their courtetie and good will ;
to their requcft he would go unto their Town, and accept

their Friendihip. .And touching

the death of his Hoiles,
time he expect-
he required nothing, for that within ftiorr
forrowful he was, not fo much tor the
ed many more vet
•,

that Harte*
want of them, as that the Indian, Ihoald think
fc _
could
 66 JNewSuryey Chap. 3
,
could die, or be flain. Cortez proceeded forwards aboi
two leagues, where the Horfes were kild, although it wz
'
almoftSunfet, and his men wearied, having travelled ii
that day. He planted his Army by a River fide, rcmainin
all that night with
good watch both of Foot-men and Horfc
men, fome affault \ but there was no attempt give
fearing
that night. The next morning at Sun-rifing, Cortez dc
parted with his Army in good order, and in the
midft c
them went the Fardage and Artillery i and after a littl
marching, they met with the other two MelTengers whor
they had fent from Zaclotan: They came with
pitiful crie
exclaiming of the Captains of the power of Tlaxcallan, wh
had bound them and detained them from returning
bt j
'
with good fortune that night they had broke loofe,
an
efeaped for otherwife in the morning following,
i
they ha
been facrificed to the God ofVi&ory, and after the
Sacrific
they had been eaten for a good beginning of the
Wars i th
tlaxcaltecas proteftingto do the like to the bearded men (fc
fo they termed the Spaniards) and to as many
as came wit
them. They had no fooner told their tale, when there ap
peared behind a little hill, about a thoufand Indians, ver
well appointed after their faihion, and came with
fuch
marvellous noife and cry, as though their voices ihould hav
pierced the Heavens j hurling at the Spaniards Stones, Darti
and (hot with Bows and Arrows. Cortez made many to
kens of peace unto them, and by his Interpreters deiire.
them to leave the Battel. But fo much the more as he in
treated for peace, the more hafty and earneit were they,think
ing either to overcome them,or elfe to hold them play,toth
intent that the Spaniards (hould follow them to a certain Am
buih that was prepared for them,of more than fourfcore
thou
fand men. Here the Spaniards began to ceafe from words
and hands upon their weapons ; for that company of
to lay
¡

thoufand were as many as on the Spaniards fide were nghtinj

men \ though thty were wdlpraórifed in the Wars, very va
liant, and alio pitched in a better place for right.
This Bat
tel endured certain hours, and at the end
the Indians beinj
either wearied, or elfe meaning to take the Spaniards in th
fnan
2hap:X. of the Weft- Indies; 6?
towards the main Battel, not
1

nare appointed, began tofiie

\s overcome,but
to joyn with their own fide. The Spaniards
was not little, fol-
leine hot in the fight and flauhgter, which
fardage,and unawares fell into the
owed them with all their
Indians armed v they
Imbuih, among an infinite number q{
tayed notjbccaufe they would not
put themfelks out of order
>utpaffed through their Camp with great haftc and fear*
S/><i»¿0>Horfe-men,think-
rhe Indians began to fet upon the
Lances from them, their courage was
ng to have taken their

"oítout ; Many of the Spaniards

had there psriihed, had it
lot been for their Indian Friends,
who had come with diem
Like wife the courage of
from Zempoallan and Zaclotan.
did much animate them for although he led his Ar-
=,

Cortez
way, yet divers times he turned hsm back
to
my making
order, and to comfort them, and at
lengttt
place his men in
dangerous Way and Aoibuíb, where the
came out of that
Horfes might help, and the
Ordnance ftand in ftead ; wmen
to their great won-
two thing did greatly annoy the Indians
fight thereof began to#£. In
der and marvel, and at the
Encounters remained many Indians flam
and wound»
both
but none kild,
ed, and of the Spaniards fome were hurt,
their dclivay
who give moft hearty thanks unto God for
as were four fcore thoufand, againft
ft om fo great a multitude
joyned toge-
one thoufand only of Indians and Spaniards
play the
ther The Indians otZempoallan and Zaclotan did
day, wherefore Cortez honoured them with
valiant men that
hearty thanks. Then they went to pitch their Camp in a
little Tower and a
Village called feoacazmco, where was a
Temple, and there fortified themfelveS. The
tiight follow-

flcpt not quietly, with fear of a third Inva-

ing the Spaniards
<ion of the Tlaxcaltecas. As foon as it was day, Cortez lent
to the Captains oiTiaxcalian, to require them to peace and
friendihip,willing them quietly to fufter
them to pafs through
for that they meant them no
hurt,
theii Country to Mexico*
ot fto;
but rather good will. The infwer of the Captains
talk wittt
was that the next day they would come and
callan
was well prepared:
him, and declare their minds, Cortez
that nieht i fin the anfwei liked him not, but rather kern.
F 2 $"&?
 68
Jj New Survey Chap.' X)
ed brave, and a matter determined to be done,
Ítold him( whom asfome had
he took Prifoners) who likewife certified
that the tlaxcaltecas were joyned together, to
the number
of a hundred and fifty thoufand men to give battel the next
day following, and to fwallow up alive the Spaniards whom
fo mortally they did hate, thinking them to be friends un-
to the Emperor Montezuma, unto whom they wiihed all
evil and mifchief.Their intent was therefore with all their
whole power to apprehend the bearded men; and to make of
them a more folemn Sacrifice unto their Gods than at any
time they had done, with a general Banquet of their
fleih,
which they called Celeftial.
The Captains of TIaxcaVan divided their Soldiers into
four Battels, the one to Tepeticpac, another to Ocotelulco,
the third to tizatlan, and the fourth to Quiabuizthn
i
that is to fay, the men of the Mountains, the men
of the
Lime-pits, the men of the Pine-trees, and the Watermen :

All thefe four forts of men did make the Body of the Com-
monwealth of Vaxcailla», and commanded both in time of
War and Peace. Every of thefe Captains had his juft por-
tion or number of Warriors, but the General of all the
whole
Army was called Xicotencatl, who was of the Lime-pits-,
and he had the Standard of the Commonwealth, which
isa
Crane of Gold with his wings fpread,adorned with Emeralds
and Silver-work .-Which Standard was, according to
their
ufe, either earned before the whole Hoit, or elfe behind them
The Lieutenant General of the Army was Maxixcazin
all.
¿
and the number of the whole Army was a hundred and
fifty
thoufand men. Sucha great number they had ready
againft
four hundred Spaniards, and feven hundred Indians
of Zem-
poaVan and Zaclotan, and yet at length overcome and
> after
this fight, they were the greatett Friends
that Cortez had in
thofe parts againft Montezuma. Thefe Captains came with
their Companies, that the fields where they were feemed a
.Foreft. They were gallant Fellows, and well armed, accord-
ing to their ufe, although they were painted,
fo that their
faces (hewed like Devils, with great tuffs
of Feathers, and
they beaded gallantly. Their Weapons and Aimor were
Slings,
Chap; X. ofíbe ^eft-Indies; 6p
¡lings, Staves, Spears, ¿words, Bows and Arrows, Scalls'

¡plints, Gauntlets, all «)f Wood, gilt,or elfe covered with

fathers or Leather » their Gorflets were made of Gotten-
rool, their Targets, and Bucklers gallant and ftrong, made
fWood, covered witkXeather, and trimmed with Latten,
nd Feathers ', their Swords were (laves, with an edge of
lint-ftone cunningly joyned which would
into the ftarT,

at very well, and make a fore wound. Their Inftiuments

f War were Hunters-horns, and Drums called Atabais ,
lade like a Caldron, and covered with Vellom. So that the
pantards in all their difcoveries of India, did never fee a
etter Army together, nor better ordered i that which I could
otomit to fpeak ofhere, having come in the order of my
flaxcallan^whetc this numorous and gallant Indian
liftory to
rmy was fet forth againft four hundred Spaniards .and fix
t

undred Indians their Friends. Thefe Indian* thus ordered

i Battalia, bragged very much againft the Spaniards, and
id amongft thcmfelves, What mad people are thefe bearded
len that threaten us, and yet know us not ? But if they will
£ fo bold to invadeour Country without our Licenfe, let
s not fet upon them fo Toon, it is meet they had a
little

:ft, for we have time enough to take and bind

them h let us
fo fend them meat,for they are come with emp;y fiomach$ 3
id fo they (hall not fay wedo apprehend them With weari-
es and hunger. Whereupon they feni unto the Spaniards
iree hundred Turkey-cocks, and two hundred Baskets of

read, called Centli, the which prelent was a gieat fuccoui

id refreibment for the need the Spaniards flood in. And
•on after : Now ( fay they ) let us go and fet upon them,fot
i
this time they have eaten their meat, and now we will ea£
lem, and fo ihall they pay us the Victuals that we fent.

hefe and fuch brags they ufed, feeing fo few Spaniards

like
:forethem,and not knowing the ftrength of their Ordnance»
jainft their fo numerous an Hoft. Then the four Captains
nt two thoufand of their valianteft men
of War, and old
)ldiers, to take the with comrnand-
Spaniards quietly i

lent, that if they did retift, either to bind them, orclfe-to

U them > meaning hot to fet their whole Army" upon them,
*r© J New Survey Chap X.
faying, that they thould get but fmall honour for fo great a
multitude to fight againft fo few. The two thoufand Sol-
was betwixt the two Camps,and
diers paifed the Trench that
came boldly to the Tower where the Spaniards were. Then
came forth the Horfemcn, and after them the Footmen i and
at the firft encounter, they made the Indians feel how the

Iron Swords would cut i at the fecond, they fhewed of what

force thofe few in number were, of whom a little before they
had fo jeíkd i but at the third brunt, they made thofe lufty
Soldiers who were come to apprehend them \ for none
flie,

of them efcaped, but only a few fuch as knew the palTage of

the Trenches or Ditch. Then the main Battel and whole
Army iet and marvellous noife, and
forth with a terrible
came upon the Spaniards, ÚW they entred into their
fo fierce
Gamp without any refiirance, and there were at handy*
ftrokes with the Spaniards, and in a good fpace could not
get them out, many of them being kilied, which were fo bold
to enter. In this fort they fought four hours, before they
could make way among their Enemies. Then the Indians
began to faint, feeing fo many dead on their fide, and the
great wounds they had, and none of the
that ¿hey could kill
Christians-, yet the Battel ceafed not, drew near
till it

night, and then chey rétlíedí Whereof Con ez and his Sol-
dierswere exceeding glad, for they were fully, wearied with
piling of Indians. The next day in the morning Cortez
went forth to run the fields, as he had done before, leaving
half his men to keep the Camp i and hecaufe he ihould not be
efpied,he departed before day, and burned about ten Towns,
and facked one Town, which was of three thoufand houfesi
in the which were found but few people, becaufe the molt of
them were gone to their Camp. After the fpoil, he fetüre
on the Town, and came his way to his Camp with a great
prey by noon- time. The Indians purfued, thinking to take
away and followed them into the Camp, where
their prey,
they fought five hour?, and could not kill one Spaniard, al*
though many of their fide were flain i for even as they were
many, and fiood'on a throngtogether, the Ord nance mad<
a wonderful fpoil among thtm i fo that they left off fight-
ing
Chap. X. of the Wcft-Indics. y\
Spaniards, whom the
ne and the Vi&ory remained for the
Äw thought wereinchanted, becaufe their Arrows could

The next day following, the four Captains

lot hurt them.
Cortez i and the Mei-
ent three feveral things in Prefent to
Behold here five Slaves,
engeis that brought them faid, Sir,
God, mans fiejh and
that eat e(l
md if thou be that rigorous

Wood, eat
'

thefe which we hung thee,and we vp'iU bnng thee

nore : And if thou be the gentle and rnee\ God, beheld here

and Feathers : And if thou be a

mortal Man,
Franklneenfe
anfwered, that
lab here Fon>l> Bread and Cherries. Corlez
they were : And
both he and his were mortal Men, even as
truth, where-
becaufe that always he had ufed to tell them
fore did they ule to tell him lies,
and Ukewife to flitter
not
him? for he defired tobe their Friend, ad vifing them
they did,
tobfLtnad and irabborn in their opinion i for it
ifTuredly they ihould receive great hurt
and damage.
withftaiiding this Anfwer,there came again about
thir-
Not
prove their
ty thoufand of them even to Cortez his Camp, to
done day before but they returned
Croflets, as they had the 3

with broken pates. Here is to noted, that although the

firft day the whole Hoft of Indians
came to combate with
the Spaniards i yet the next they did not fo,
but every
feveral Captain by himfelf, for to divide the better the tra-

vel and pains equally among them i and becaufe that one
confider-
ihould notdifiurb another through the multitude,
but with a few, and in a narrow
ing that they ihould fight
place and for this confideration, their Battels were more
-,

ftrong, for each Captain did contend who

ihould
frefh and
killing
do molt valiantly for to get honour, and efpeciálly in
ihould be
one Spaniards for they thought that all their hurts
fatisned with che death of one Spaniard,ot taking
one Fri-
(oner. Like wife is tobe cohfidered, the ftrangenefs ot their
fifteen days
Battel ; for norwithilanding their Gontroveriie,
that they were there, whether they fought or no,
they fent

unto thzSpmiards Cakes of Bread, Turkey-cocks and

Ches-
ries. But this Policy was not to give them that meat for
good will, but only to fpy and iee what hurt was done
among them, and alio to fee what fear or ftomach they had
F 4 to
 ?i A New Survey Chap X,
}'
to proceed. But finding by their many Spies, that the Spani-
I? ards were nothing daunted nor diminiihed, they reiolved to
fend unto Cortez Xicctencatl, who was Chief and General
Captain in Tlaxcallan^ and of all the Wars : He brought in
his company tif'ty perfons of Authority to keep him company.
They approached near where Qortez, was, and faluted each
other according to the ufe of their Country. Their Saluta-
tions being ended, and the parties being fet down i Xicoten-
catl began the I am come on my own behalf^
talk, faying, Sir

and alfo of my fellow Captain and Lieutenant Maxixca, and

in the name of many other Noble Ferfomges, and finally in the
Mame of the whole State and Commonwealth of Tlaxcallan ,
to btjexch and pray you to admit us into your Friendship, and
to yield our felves and Country unto your King craving all •,

fo at your hand pardon for our attempt in taking up Arms

againjt you, we not knowing what you were, nor what you fought

for in our Country. And where we prejumed to refft and de-

fend your entrance, we did it as againfi jlrangers whom wt
k*ew not, and fuch men as we had never heretofore feen i and
fearing aífí), that you had been friends to Montezuma, who
¡s, and always hath been cur mortal Enemy. And we had ra-
ttier all in general to end cur lives^ than to put our felves in
fubjefiion to him h for we thinly our felves as valiant men in
courage as our Fore-fathers were, who always have refijled
againji him and his Grand father, who was as mighty as now
be is. We would alfo havz witbjlood you and your force, but
we auld not, although we proved all our pcffbility by night and
day, and found your firength invincible, and we no lucj^againji
you. Therefore fmce our fate is fuch, we had rather be fub-
jecf unto you than unto any others ; for we have known and
heard of the 2rmpoallanezes 5 that you do no evil} nor came
not to vex any, but -were mofi valiant and happy, as they have
feen in the- JVars, being in your company. For which Gonfidz-
ration,wetru\x that our Liberty (lull not be dimini(bed, but ra-
car czan Pe/fws, Wives aid Familia
V.j:?, better preferyed,
and our Houfes and Husbandry not dcjlroyed. And in fome of
his ta'k, the tears trickling down his cheeks, hebefought
£ort?z, to weigh, that Tlaxcallan did never anytime achyom*
ud&<¡
hap: X. of the Weft-Indies. 73
or King, nor at any time
had come
he any Superior Lord
among them to c&mmand, bat only be whom now they
yperfon
their Superiour and Ruler,
Í voluntarily ek^ and choose as

rtez, much re joyced with

this Ambaffage, and to fee Inch a

ighty Captain, who commanded a

hundred and fifty
oufand Soldiers, come unto his Camp
tofubmit himfelf i
matter of great weight to have that Common-
deing it alfo
which he had in
eakh in fubie&ion, for the Enterprize
the Wars were
md, whereby he fully made account, that
great Content of him and his Gom-
an end, to the
So with a
iny, and with great fame among
the Indians,
countenance, heanfwered, laying firtt to
lerry and loving
leir charge, the hurt and
damage which he had received m
leir Country, becaüfe they refufed at the firft to hearken
enter into their Coun-
nto him, and quietly to fuffeihimto
ty as he had required and
defired by his MeiTengers Lent

nto them from Zaclotan. Yet all this, notwithftanding,

.

did both pardon the killing of his two

Horfes, the aflault-
i'e

ng of him in the high- way, and the lies which they had
noft craftily ufedwith him i ( for whereas they themfelves
others ) like-
bughf againii him, yet they laid the fault to
vife their pretence to murther him in
the Ambuíh prepared

or Snm (enticing him to come to theis Town) without mak-

ng fiift defiance according to the Law of Arms.|Yet
thefe in-

uries, notwithftanding, he did lovingly

teceive their offer

made in fubjedionto the Emperour, and that very ihprtly

he would be with him in 7laxcallan.
At this fame time
Cortez, who
there were AmbaiTadors from Montezuma with
grieved much to fee the League that was now beginning be-

tween thf tlaxcaltecas and the Spaniards They advifed

:

they meant no-

Cortiz to give no credit unto them, faying,
¿hing but Treafon and lies, and to lock them up in l\ax-
callan. Vertex anfweted the AmbaiTadors, That although
to go thither i
their advice were true, yet he did determine
for that he fearedthem lefs in the Town than in the Field.
They hearing Anfwer and Determination, befought him
this

to give one of them licenie to return

unto Mexico, to ad-
3*1 Anfwer to
vertife Montezttma.of all thai was paft, with
their
 74 ¿ New Survey Chap. X
their Ambaffage, promifing within fix days to have new
from Mexico; and till then prayed him not to depart witl
his Camp. Cortez granted their requen\and abode there tb
time appointed, expecting their Anfwer, and within him
felfrejoycmg to fee how the Mexicans began to fear, tha
his peacewith the Tlaxcaltecas would be their ruin ant
deitru&ion, as indeed afterwards it proved. In this mear
feafon came many of Tlaxcattan to the Camp, fome broughi
Turkey-cocks, others brought Bread and Cherries, witr.
merry countenances,defiring them to go home with them un-
to their houfes. The fixm day the Mexican Ambafludor came
according to piomife, snd brought unto Cortez ten Jewel*
of Gold, both rich and well wrought, and fifteen thoufand
Garments of Gotten exceeding gaílant i and moft earneftlj
befought him on the behalfof Montezuma,xhn he ^ 01 ^no <

danger himfelf in trufiing to the words of the Tlaxcaltecas.

who were fo poor, that with neceffity they would rob him
of the things and Prefents which his Mailer had fenthim 5
yea,andiikewifernurther him, knowing of the Friendihip
between his Mailer and him. At the very fame time all the
chiefeft Lords of Tlaxcallan came to intreat him to go with
them to Tlaxcallan, where he ihould be cheriihed, lodged
and well provided s for it was a great diihonour and ihame
unto them, to permit fuch Perfonages to abide in fuch vile
Cottages as they were in.' And
if ( faid they ) you truft us
not, then we are read y to give
you for fecurity, whatsoever
Pledges or Gages you (hail demand. And they did both
fwear and faithfully prcmife, that they might fáfely go with
them \ faying alio, that the Oath and Faith of their Com-
monwealth ihould never be broken, for all the goods in the
World. Thus was Cortez on both lides earneltly folicifed
and intreated s the Mexicans fearing his League and Friend-
Chip with the Tlaxcalteca's.md thtfe hoping that his Friend-
ihip with them would be their chcif Protection againft the
Tyranny of Montezuma. But Cortez aiming chiefly at the
,

Empire of Mexico, which Montezuma his diffembled friend-

ihip would never help him to enjoy i and feeing the good will
of fo many Gentlemen bis new Friends of Tfoxc allan,thc mott

A r mortal
 X. of the Weft-Indies. 7j
1

hap.
and likewife the Indians
«tal Enemies of Montezuma i
credit, did fo importune
Zempoallanfii whom he had good
m,andaffuiehimof his going,that he commanded
hist ar-

ise to be laden, and alio his

Ordnance, and departed to-
with as good cider as it had been toa Bat-
aid 7laxcallan,
1 i and at the
Tower where he had pitched his Camp, he
certain Ooffes for a memory, with a great heap of (tones
it
remain in the place, and my felt have
which till this day
eighteenth oí Sep-
en them) andentred into flaxcall an .the
There came out fuch a multitude of people to fee
mber
a wonder to
ini and to meet himjn the way, that it was
lodged the greateft Temple.which had many
ce.
'
He was in
for him and all his Com*
teat and fair Lodgings fufficient

except the Indian s of Zempoallan and

Zatlmn his
mm He fet certain limits,
fiends, who were lodged in others.
commanded none of his
ftraitly that
jut of the which he
and alio com-
upon pain of death
Company ihould pafs \

what ihould be
manded, that they ihould take nothing but
them. His Commandment was well obierve<J,for
none
o-iven
prefumed to go a ñones caft without his licenfe.
The Indian
the (han-
Gentlemen ihewed great pleafure and courtefie to
gers, and provided them of all things neceffary, and many
of them gave their Daughters
unto them, in token oí true
Fiiendfhip, and likewife to have fruit of their Bodies, to be
Cortez
brought up for the Wars, being fuch valiant men.
of their hearty good wills, demand-
being throughly fatisfied
They
ed of them the Eftate and Riches of Montezuma.
his force. And.
exalted him greatly, as men that had proved
years,that they main-
as they amrmed,it was near a hundred
tained Wars with him and his Father Axalca,
and other his
Grandfathers : They affured him aifo, that the
Uncles and
Gold and Treafure of Montezuma was without number,
Land, and his
and his Power and Dominion over all the
people innumerable v for ( faid they ) he joyneth fomeiimes
two hundred thoufand men, and three hundí ed thou-
yea,

fand for one Battel: And if it pleafed him, he would m¿ki

many men double and thereof they were good witness,
as •,

many times fought with him. Carttz told

becaufe they had "

them
 7& A New Survey Chap; X
them,.he was nothing difcouraged
at al!at his Power, bu
intended a journey to Mexico, not
doubting to oppofe Man
tezwa if he ibould encounter him in the
way He pro.
mifed them hkewife that he would
free them from his TV
iar>ny, and fubdue in his way all
thofe Towns which were
allied to the
their Commonwealth.
M«,
a „d did any way annoy
them and
They gave him hearty thanks affu-
rmg him to affirt him and accompany
;
him to Mexico
and
for the prefent offered
him twenty thoufand men, making
a
Solemn League and Covenant never
to forfake
wasTW/a* fubdued, and fworn <o the Powerhim. Thus
and Com-
mand of the Spaniards, being in thofe times
one of the chief-
eft, though not ncheft Towns
in America > whofe Inhabi-
tants after clave moil faithfully
to Cortez, and were chief
Inftruments for the fubduing oí
Mexico i and therefore to
this day are freed from Tribute
by the Kings of Spain, pay-
ing not the money which as a
Tribute. tax,,s laid upon every
Miian to be paid yearly i but only in
acknowledgment of
Subjeaion. they pay yearly one Corn
of Maiz, which is
thmlndian Wheat This great Town of Tlaxcallan is pro-
perly in thejndtav Tongue as much as to fay, as Bread well
baked ; for there is more Grain called Cvaii gathered, than
in all the Province round about,
was ca led Texcallan
f n times pail the
Town
i that is to fay, a Valley betwixt two
P an £ by a River - fide > which fpringeth out of
a H-H H J ! ?
HjII called Atancapetec, and watereth the
moll part of
the Province, andfrom thence ifTueth
out into the South Sea,
by Zacamllan. This Town
SA W, to^
I he hrft ftrccf itandcth
River
hath four goodly facets, which
TuuuiM > SsMnáztlmi.
on high upon an Hill, iarfrom the
which may be about half a League
and beca ufe •,
it
flandcth on, a Hill, ,t is called lepethpac, that to fay, a
is
Hill and was the
hrii Population which
j was founded there
CSU
° f Ü C Wai?
T
the !§!,? Ju
Hilliide, towards Í -
Another ííreet is iJtuat ed on
the Biver i becaufe at the building
thereof,therc were many Pine-trces,they
named it Ocotelulcl
which is to fay a Pineapple Plat. This
ftrect was beautiful
and naoft inhabited of all the Town aud
5 trjere was the chiefeft

Market»
hap. X; of the Weft-Indies. 77
arket-place, where all the buying and felling was ufed, and
at placethey called Ttanquiztli » in that ftreet was the
veiling houfe of Maxixca. Along the River-fide in the
iin, ftandeth another ftreet called lizatlan, becaufe there
much Lime and Chalk. In this ftreet dwelled Xicotencatl^
iptain General of the Commonwealth. There is another
:eet, named by reafonof the forackifn water ^uiabuiztlan i

itiince the Spaniards came thither, all thefe Buildings arc

moft altered, after a better faihion, and built with ftone*
tthe Plain by the River-lide, ftandeth the Town- houfe and 5

her Offices, as in the City oí Venice. This tlaxcallan was

Dverned by Noble and Richmen ; They ufed not that one
one ihould Rule,but did rather fly from that Government^
¡from Tyranny : and therefore hated Montezuma as a Ty-
int. Wars ( as 1 have laid before ) they had four
In their
!aptains,which governed each one ftreet i of the which
rar they did elect a Captain-General. Alfo there were
ther Gentlemen, that were Under-Captains, butafmall
umber. In the Wars they ufed their Standard to becar-
led behind the Army ; but when the Battel was to be fought,
:iey placed the Standard where all the Hoft might fee if,

nd he that came not incontinent to his Antient, payed a

enalty. Their Standard had two Grofs-bow Arrows kt
hereon, which they efteemed as the Reliques of their An-
eftors. This Standard two old Soldiers, and Valiant men,
leingofthechiefeft Captains, had then charge to carry, in
he which an abufe of Sooth-faying, either oi lofs or victory
vas noted. In this order, they (hot one of thefe Arrows
igainft the firft Enemies they met >and if with that Ar-
ow they did either kill or hurt, it was a token that they
hould have the vi&oiy h and if it did neither kill nor hurt,
:hen they affuredly believed that they ihould lofc the field.
This Province or Lordíhip oillaxcallan had 28 Villages and
iowns,wherein were contained 50030 Houiholders. They
j

ire men well made, and were good Warriers, the like were
not among the Indians. They are very poor, and have no
athei riches, but only theGrain and Corn called Centii, and
with the gain and profit thcrof, they do both cJaoth them-
felvcfj.
 r

*?% A New Survey Chap, X

felves, and provide all other neccllaries. They have many
Market- places, but the greateftand molt ufed daily, fíand-
eth in the ftreet oiOcoteiulco^ which formerly was fo famous,
that 2 0300 psrfons came thither in one day to buy and fell,
changing one thing fot another ifor they knew not what mo-
ney meaned. They have now, and had formerly, all k^nd
of good Policy in the Town There are Goldfmiths, Fea-
:

ther- dreffcrs, Barbers, Hot- houfes, and Potters, who make

as good Earthern VeiTeis, as are made in Spain. The earth
is ñt and fruitful for Corn, Fruit and Paíture j for among
the Pine-trees groweth fo much grafs^hat
the Spaniards feed
their Cartel there, which in Spain they cannot do. Within
two leagues of the Town itandeth a round Hill of fix miles
in height, and five and forty miles in compafs, and is now
called Si. Bartholomew's Hill, where the Snow freezeth. In
times pail they called that Hill Matealcucie^ who was their
God for Water. They had alfo a God for Wine, who was
named Ometochli, for the great-
Drunkennefs which they
ufed. Their chicfeft God was called Camaxtlo ; and by an-
other name Mixcavatl, whofe Temple flood in the ftreet
of Ocotelalco, in the which Temple there was facrificed, fome
years, above eight hundred perfons In the Town they
Ipeak three Languages; that is to fay, Nahualb, which is the
Courtly Speech, and the chiefeft in all the Land of Mexico i
another is cailed Otomir, which is moii commonly ufed in
Che Villages : There is one only tfreet that fpeakcth Pinomer,
w hich is the grolTeí t fpeech. There was alio formerly in the
Town a common Jayl, where felons lay in Irons, and all
things which they held for fin, were there corrected. At the
time that Cortez was there, it hapned that a Townfman ftole
from a Spaniard a little Gold ; W
he reof Cortez complained
to Maxixca, who incontinent madefuch enquiry, that the
Offender was found m CholoUa^ which is another great Town
rive leagues They brought the Prifoner with
from thence :

she Gold, and delivered him to Cortez, to do with him his

pleafure. Cortez would not accept him, but gave him thanks
for his diligence Then was he carried, with a Cry er be-
:

fore hiiFx, manifeuing his offence, and in the Market-place,

upar»
:hapr X: of the Weft- indies. 79
)on a Scaffold, they brake his Joynts with a Cudgel :The
laniards marvelled to iee fuch ihange juilice, 3nd began to
: more confident, that as in this poini they had endeavour-
[ to pleafure and right them \ fo likewife they Chould after-
ard find them very forward to do their wills and plea-
res for the better conquering of Mexico and Montezuma,
cottluko and Tizatlan, are the two fheets which are now
oft In Ocotelulco fíandeth a Cloiftcr of Fran»
inhabited :

fcan Friers, who are the Preachers of that Town : They

Lve joyning to their Gloiiier a very fair Church, to

hich belong fome fifty Indian Singers, Organifts, Players

i Mufical inftruments, Trumpeters and Waits, who Get
mrtheMafs with a very fweetand harmonious Mtuick, and
slight the Fancy and Ssnfes, while the Spirit is fad and dull
¡ little acquainted wish God, who will be worfhipped in

pirit and in Truth. In Tepeticpac and Quiubuisstlan are

vo€happels only, to which on the Lords- Day, and upon
thcroccafions, the Friers of the Gloiftersrefort to fay Mafs.
1 this Cloiíter we were entertained a day
and two nights
nth great provifion of Fleih and Fiji which are very plen-
;

ful by reafon of the River The Friers are allowed by the

:

own a dozen Indians^who are free from other fcrvices, on-

R to fiih for the
Friers. They change their turns by weeks,
)ur one week, and four another, except they be called up-
n for fome fpecial occaiion, and then they leave all other
rork, and attend only with Fiih upon the Friers. The
"own now is inhabited by Spaniards and Indians together*
nd is the Seat of a chief Officer of Juftice fent form Spain
very three years, called Jkalde Major*, whofe power reach-
th to all the Towns within twenty leagues about. Befides
iim, the Indians have likewife among themfelves, Alcaldes,
legidors and Algmziles, Superior and Inferior Officers of
luliicej appointed yearly by the Alcalde Major, who keeps

hem all in awe, and cakes from them for his fervice, as
nany as he pleafeth, without paying any thing for the (er-
ice done unto him. The hard ufageof this Alcalde Ma-
s>r, and other Spaniards hath much decayed that popul-
,

ous Town, which' (hould ratkr have been cherifticd, than

, • difheart-
p-
80 A New Survey Chap, XI
diflieartned by the Spaniards, who by means of it gained a!

the reft of the Country*

Chap. XI.

Concluding the reft of our Journey from Tlaxcailai

to Mexico, through the City oj Angels and Gua

cocingo.

THe next place moil remarkable in the Road wherein m

travelled, was the City calledby the Spaniards, L
TuehUde los Angelos, the City of Angels. To the whicl
we were defirous to go, knowing that in it there was a Con
vent of Dominicans of our Profeflion, not having met witl
any fuch fincetheday we departed from St. John de Vlbm
Here we refreihed our felves at leifure three days, finding ou
felves very welcome to our own Brethren,who fpared nothing
that was fit for our entertainment. We vifited all the Ci
ty, and took large notice of it > judging of the Wealth am
Riches of it not only by the great Trading in it, but by thi
many Gloifters both of Nuns and Friers which it maintainetfi
fuch being commonly very burthen iome to the places wher
they live \ an idle kind of Beggars, who make the people be
V lievethe maintaining of them are meritorious and faving t<
their Souls, and that their Prayers for them is more worth
than the means andfuftenance which they receive from therr
Of thefe there is in that City a very great Gloifter of forn
fifty or threefcore Dominicans, another of more Francifcam
another of Auguftines, another of Mercenarians, another c
difcalced Carmelites, another of Jefuits, betides four of Nuns
This City is feated in a low and pleafant Valley, about tei
leagues from a very high Mountain, which is always coverec
with fnow It ftandeth twenty leagues from Mexico, it wa
-.

firft built and inhabited in the year, 1530. by the comma™

of Don Antonio de Mettdozi Viceroy of Mexico, togethe

with the confent o£ Sebajíian Ramirez, who was a Biihop
an
¿hap. XI. of the Weft-Indies. Si

nd had been Prefident in time paft m St. Domingo

and was
iat yearinftead of Nunnio de
Guzm&n (who had behaved
imfelf very evil both with Indians and
Spaniards ) fent to

e Pretident of the Chancery of Mexico, with thefe other

)urJudges, the Licencíate John de Salmerón, Gafco guirogd,
Ceynos, and Alonjo Maldonado.
'rancifco
Thefe Judges go-
erned the Land far better than Nunnio de Guzman before
íem had done \ and among other remarkable things they
id, to caufe this City to be inhabited, and fet at liber-
was
r
the Indians who inhabited there bcfore,and
were grievoufly
ipprefftd and inflaved by the Spaniards, and therefore many
Fthem departed from thence, who had inhabited there be-
>te, and went to feek their living at Xalixco, Hunduras,
'uattmala, and other places, where War
then was. This
;ity was formerly called by
the Indians Cuetlaxcoapan, that

; to fay, a Snake in water i the reafon was,

becaufe there are

vo Fountains, the one of evil water, and the other of good,

'his City is now a BiíhopsSee,
whofe yearly Revenues fince
le cutting off from it Xahppo de
la Vera Crux, are yet worth

bove twenty thoufand Duckats b By reafon of the good and

?hokfome air, it daily increafeth with Inhabitants, who
:fort from many other places to live
there i but efpecialfy

i the year, i 63 4.. when

Mexico was like to be drowned with
left it, and came with
le inundation of the Lake, thoufands
íeir Goods and Families to this City of the
Angels, which

ow is thought to confift often thoufand Inhabitants. That

/hich maketh it mofi famous, is the Cloth which is made
i it, and is fent far and near, and judged
now to be as good
the Cloth of Segovia, which is the beft that is made
ira
s

'pain but now is not fo much eftecmed of, nor fent fo much
=,

rom Spain to America, by reafon of the abundance of fine

Moth which is made in this City oí Angels, The Felts like-
rife that are made, are the beft of all
that Country : There

5 likewife a Glafs-houfe, which is there a rarity, none other

known in thofe parts. But the Mint-houfe that
eing as yet
; in where is coyned half the Silver that Cometh from Sa-
it,

atecas, makes it the fecond to Mexico \

and it is though^
hat in time it will be as great and populous as Mexico*
Q With-
8z J New Survey Chap. XI,
Without it there are rasny Gardens, which (tore the Markets

with provifion of Sailers ; the Soil abounds wftti Wheat,and

with Sugar- farms j among the which, not far from this City,
there is one fo great and populous (belonging to the Domini-
can Friers of Mexico) that for the work only belonging un-
to it, it maintained in my time above two hundred Black-
more Slaves, men and women, bepdes their little Chil-
dren
The chief Town between this City of Jngelsand Mexi-
co^ is called Gnacocwgo, confiding of fome rive hundred

Indians and one hundred Spaniards inhabitants. Here is like-

wife a CJoifter ofFrancifcans, who entertained us gallantly
and made (hew unto us of the dexterity of thpk Indians in
Mufick. Thofe fat Friers wanted not, like the reft, all pro-
vifion neclTary for the Body But
. theii greateft glory and
boafting to us, was the Education which they had given tc

fome children of the Town, efpecially fuch as ferved

then
in their Cloifter, whom they brought up to dancing af
ter the Spanijh íaíhion, at the found of the Guitarra. Anc
this a dozen of them ("the biggeft not being above fourteei
years of AgeJ performed excellently for our Defter entertain-
ment that nfght : We were there till midnight, ringing botl
Spanifb and Indian Tunes, capering and dancing withthei
Caftaneita's or Knockers on their lingers, with fuch dexteri
ty as did not oniy delight, but amaze and aftoniih us. Trw
it is, we thought thofe Francifcans might have been bette

employed at that time in their Quire, at their Midnight-de

votions, according to their Profeffion : But we ftill founc
vowed Religious Duties more and more neglected, an<
worldlinefs too too mu.h imbraced,by fuch as had renounce<
and forfaken the Woild, and all its Plcafures, Sports am
Paftimes.
This Town of Guacoc'wgo is aimed as much as Tlaxcallat,
privileged by the Kings of Spainfot hat joyned with flax
i it.

calían againíi the Mexicans, in deft nee of Her/2 ando Corta

and the reft of the Spaniards that n* ft conquered that Lane
Thefe of Guacocingo being confederate with the Inhabitant
oillaxcaüan y Cboloüa^zwá Hnacacoh, ftrongly defended th
Inha
Chap. XL of the Weft-Indies; 83
lent to Corteziox fuccoun
Inhabitants oiChaho, when the?
great fpoil among them.
declaring that the Mexicans made
able to fend
Which fuccour Cortezzt that time not being
them being bufied in fending for his Vergantines to befiege

Mf ¿ by water as well as by land, he remitted them to the

hdpoithe Tlaxcaltecas, and unto thofe of
Guacocingo, Cho-
great valour, as yet never
who (hewed
loUk and Huacacotta i

in relieving Chalco againft the firength

buried in Oblivion,
and power of Montezuma, who had iiTued out of Mexico, to
near unto that Csty. tor
keep the Spaniards from drawing
others fore-mentioned, cm-
that faä is this Town, with the
the Sfww-
till this day, privileged and highly efteemed of
laft journey to the City ok
ards. f torn hence we made our
Mexico, paffing over the fide
of that high hill which we

had difcovered at the City of Angels,

Tome thirty miles off
height, cold andconiiant
There are no Alps like unto it for
place, we had
Snow that lieth upon ft. From Spain to that
not felt
of cold, which made the Spani-
any fuch extremity
and en-
ardsthathadcome out of the hot Climate of ^¿«,
wonder and admire. 1 hisMalt
dured exceffive heat at Sea,

journey from Guacocingo to Mexico

we reckoned to be thirty
EngHJh múes, and of the thirty miles, we
and yet
Hf
the
d a <* ea
top of it
fifteen to be up and down
the hill -,

we afcended not) was far higher From that high-

( whither
eftpart of it which we travelled over,we difcovered the City
it, which femed to us
to
of Mexico, and the Lake about
(landing fome ten Enghjh miles in a Plata
be near at hand,
from the bottom of this Mountain.
When Hernando Cor*
fecond time from TlaxcaUan to Mexico, to be-
tez went the
Water, with Vergantines which for
fieee it by Land and
that purpofe he had caufed to be made ; On the tide of this

Mountain were his Forces lodged, where many had

Land
perifhed with cold, had it not
been for the dore o Wood
there. But in cue morning ^afcended
which they found
hill, andfenthis Scouts
of four Foot-men
upward on this
the way flop-
and four Horfe-men to difcover, who found
newly cut down by the Mexicans, md
ped with great trees
placed «ofs- wife in the way. But they thinking that yet
84 J New Survey Chap. XL
forwards it was not (o,proceeded forth as well as they might,
till at length the let with great huge Cedars wa* fuch, that
they could pafs no further, and with this news
were forced
to return, certifying Cortez that the Horfe-men
could not
pafs that way in any wife. Cortez demanded of them whe-
ther they had feen any people i they anfwered No.
Where-
upon he proceeded forward, with all the Horfe-men, and
a thoufand Foot-men, commanding all the
refidue of his
Army to follow him with as muchfpeed as might be h fo
that with that company which he carried with him, he
made way taking a way the trees that were cut down to di-
,

fturb his paifoge and in this order in ihort time paifed his
i

noil without any hurt or danger, but with great pain and
travel \ for certainly if the Mexicans had been
there to de-
fend that paifigei the Spaniards had not paíTcd
; for it was
then a very evil way (though now it be a reafonable
wide
open road, where Mules laden with wares from St.
John de
Vlbua, and the Sugar-farms daily pais ) and the
Mexicans
alfo thought the lame to be fure with
the trees which were
crolTe.d the way, whereupon they
werecarelefs of that place,
and attended their coming in plain ground for
i from
liaxcatian to Mexico are three ways, of the which
Cortez
chofethe worft, imagining the thing that afterwards fell
out,
or elfe fome had advifed him how that way was
clear from
the enemies. At the defcent of this
hi;l Cortez abode and
refted himfelf, tili all whole Army were come together,to
the
decend down into the plain ; for from hence they defcried
the hres and beacons of their enemies in fundry
places, and
ail thofe who had attended their coming
by the other two
waysV were now gathered together, thinking to fet upon
them betwixt/certain bridges ( which are in the plain made
for travellers by reafon of the many dikes
and currents of
water which iiTue from the lake ) where a great
company
abode expecting their coming. But Cortez fent twenty
Rorie-men who made way among them, and then followed
¡ie whole Army, who flew many
of them without receiving
anyhurfw Thus did the remembrance of thofe
antiquities
ntwly rcfreíhcd by the objsft of the hill and
plain beneath,
make
Chap: Xr. of the Weft-Indies. 8?
make more comfortable and eaííe
that cold and hard paffage
unto usr The rirft Town we came to below the hill, was
guabutipec, of the jurifdi&ton of lezcuco i where we alio
called to mind, that this was the place, near unto which was
pitched the Camp of the Indians otCullma, which was near
a hundred thoufand men of War } who were fent by the
Seniors of Mexico and Tezcuco to encounter Cortez i but
all in vain, for his Hoife-men broke through them, and his

Artillery made fuch havock among them, that they were

foon put to flight.
Three leagues from hence on our righthand as we travel-
led, we difcovered tezcuco by the tide of the lake, and out
of the Road ; yet it miniftred unto us matter of a large dif-
courfe, taken from the time of Cortez and the firft Con»
querers, who found it a great City, and at that time even as
big as Mexico h though in it Cortez met with no refiRance i
for as he journied towards it, four principal perfons inha-
bitants of it met with his forces, bearing a rod ofgold with a
little flag in token of peace, faying that Coacuacoyocm their
Lord had fent them to delire him not to make any fpoil
in his City, and Towns about it ; and likewife to offer his
friend(hip,praying alfo that it might pleafe him with hiswhole
Army to take his lodging in the Town otTexcuco, where he
hould be well received. Cortez rejoycing at this meflage, yet
jealous of fome treacheiy, and miftruiting the people of Tez-
iHco (whofe forces joyned with the Mexicans and Culhmcans
le had met with a little before ) went forward on his way
ind came to ghtahutican and Huaxuta ( which then were
Suburbs of the great City Tezcuco, but now are petty Vil-
lages by themfelves ) where he and all his hoft were píente»
)ufly provided of all things neceiftry, and threw
down the
Idols. This done he entred into the City, where his lodg-
ing was prepared in a great houfe, fufficient for him and all
the Spaniards y with many other his Indian friends. And
Kcaufe that at his hrü entry, he faw neither women nor chii-
aren, he fufpefted fome treafon, and
forthwith proclaimed
apon pain of death, that none of his men (hould go out. In

;he even ingthe Spaniards went up into the

Zottes and galfct ie#
O |
to
 A New Survey Chap XI.
to behold the City, and there they faw the great num-
ber of Citizens that fled from thence with their fluff, fome
towards the mountains, and others to the wateifide I o
take boat, a thing ftrange to fee the great haft and ftir to pro-
vide for themfelves. There were at that time at leaft
twenty thoufand boats ( called Canoas ) occupied in
little

carrying houihold-flufT and palTengers } Cortez would fain

have remedied it, but the night was fo nigh at hand, that
he could not. He would gladly alio have apprehended the
Lord, but he was one of the rirft that fled unto Mexico. The
Town of Tezcttco to this day is famous among the Spaniards i
for that ii was one of the firft, if not the rirft (which ac-
cording to the Hiftories of thofe parts is very probable) that
received a Chriftian King to rule and govern. For Cortez
hearing that Coacuacoyocin then King of that City and
Towns adjacent was fled,caufed many of the Citizens tobe
called beforehim, and having in his company a young
Gentleman of a Noble- houfe in that country, who had
been lately chriftned, and had to name Hernando (Cortez
being his God-father, loved him well ) faid unto the
Citizens, that thisnew Chriftian Lord Don Hernando was fon
unto Nezavalpmcintli their loving Lord, wherefore he re-
quired them to make him their King, coniidering that Coactt-
acoyocin was fled unto the enemies, laying alio before
them
his wicked faét in killing of Cacuza his own brother,
only
to put him from his inheritance and Kingdom, through
the
enticement of Quahutimoccin a mortal enemy to the
Spa-
niards, in this fort was that new Chriftian Don Hernando-
elected King, and the fame thereof being blown
abroad,
many Citizens repaired home again to viíít their
new'
Prince,fo that in ihort fpace the City was as well replenish-
ed with people as it was before, and being alfo well ufed
at
the Spaniards hands, they ierved them diligently in
all
things that they were commanded. And Don Hernando
abode ever after a faithful friend unto the Spaniards in
their
Wars againft Mexico, and in ihort time learned the Spanifh
tongue. And foon after came the inhabitants oignabu-
¿¡chant Hnaxnta^ and Autenco to fubmit themfelves, cra-
ving
 XL of the Weft-Indies.
87
häp.
they hadpffended. Within
,e pardon if in any thing
days after VnnHetnando was
made King of this great
o reach un-
belonging to it C whofe borders
tv and Territory
came certain Gentlemen of-
tie borders of TlaxcaM) »»
gvabuticban, to certifie unto htm,.how
L,»u and
them, and
c power of the
Mexicans was coming towards
ihould carry their
know were his pleafure, that they
if it
into the mountains, or elle
¡ves,children and other goods
was, their fear was fo great. Cones
brine them where he
God-child and Favourite made unto them
r the King his
fear ye not.
is anfwer faying,
Be yeof go.d courage, and
your wives and families to
fo I pray you to
command
your hou-
noalteration, but rathir quietly to abide in
ake
enemies I am glad ot their co-
s And concerning the
will deal with them.
But the
iné for ye ihall fee how I neverthe-
ffew», as it was thougnt
'emics wentnot to ,

where they were, went out to

fe tints, having intelligence
ounter them with two pieces of Ordnance twelve Horfe-
and with many Udtan,
Jenand two hundred Spaniards,
7WW. He fought with the enemy, and flew but
f
and fo efcaped in their Ca-
ft for the» fled to the water, himfelf and
Thus did Cones in Tezmco defend
n's
great power of the «ft xicanK whodaily
•iendsfrom the
and the new yhni ban
ttempted to be revenged on him,
whom he had made.- But Cones thinking that place
ng waie
his Vergantines to the
he mofl convenient to lanch fcnt
at TUxcaXan
nd hearing that they were hnifhed
Lb* de Sandoval .0 bring them from «***J{*to
that Province met w.th
them beingbrought
t the border of

tables, planks and nails, with all other form-

n pieces, as
thoufand men carried upon
their

m
ure the which eight
There camealfo for their condu&
uen of War, and a thoufand
Wins,
twenty thoufand
«ho were the
Chiéimcaml* principal
Carriersofviáuals and fe.vants.
and Captain of a thouiand men had the
,nd valiant Indian
and -Te«tew<i, very principal
Rere-euard. And tufml
with «^«landmen.
G ntlfmen, had the v'ant-guard
fmms, and thofc that ca
In the midft were placed the
G 4
,lf '
 88 A New Survey Chap. XI
ried the Foiftwith all the apparel of the Vergantines.
Be-
fcie thofetwo Captains went a hundred
Spaniards^ ei R h
Horfe-men, and behind and laft came
Gonzalo de Sandia
with all the refidue, and feven Horfcmen.
Thus they toot
that way towards tezcuco with a marvellous
noife, «vim
Chnftians, Chnftians, Tlaxcalhn,
Tlaxcallan, and Spain
When they came to Tezcuco, they entred in
very ¿oog
order, with the found of Drums,
Snail-ihels, and other like
instruments of rnufick and agiinft their
:
entry into the City
shey pot on all their bra very of
cloaths, and buihes of
itl
ihers, wmch was a gallant light
i they were fix
hours in en-
tnng into the Town, keeping their array.
At the fame o(
«his many Provinces came to
fubn.it and offer their fervice
unto Canez fome for fear of ddiruflion,
and others for the
hatred which they bare to the Mexicans
; fo that now Cor-
tez was ftrong both with Spaniards and
Indians i and his
Pourt at Tezmco was as great, or greater
than Montezu-
*na s formerly had been at Mexico.
And here Cortez made
f K? n 0r h C lkgC ofMe *"° with
n/ .l r
formihed himlelf with
all hair, and
fcaliog ladders, and other
neceffaiies
hi for fuch a purpofe. Bis bergantines being naüed
and
hroughly ended, he made a fluce, or
trench of half a
league of length, twelve foot broad and more,
and two fa.
ihoram depth. Th t s work was fifty days
a doing, although
there were four hundred thoufand
men daily working
famous work and worthy of memory,
truly a
which hath
made Tezcuco gloriouily mentioned, though
now almoft de-
cayed in the great number of
inhabitants. The Dock or
Trench being thus finiihed, Vergantines
were calked whh
Toward cotton wool, and fQr want of Tallow
and Ovl
they were ( as lome Authors report
) driven to take Mans-'
greaíe h not that Cortez permitted them
to flay men for thai-
cm, but of thole which were ilain in the wTrs and of
fuch as fallid daily out of Mexico to
hinder this work, and

t^%lT^f 'P&****
bloody Buchers,ulingfacnhce of mans
* ho ^re
fleQi, would in
cruel and
this
iort open the dead body and take
out the greaie The Ver
gantims being lanched, Cortez muttered his*
men, and
found
:hap. XI. o/ tie Weft-Indies'. 89
mnd nine hundred Spaniards of the which were four-
,

ore and fix Horfe-men, and a hundred and eighteen with

,rofs-bows, and Harquebuffesi and alltherefiduehad fun-
ry weapons, as Swords, Daggers,
Targets, Lances, and
alberts. Alfo they had for Armour, Corfleis, Coats of
iail, and Jacks. They had moreover three great Pieces of
iil Iron, fifteen fmall pieces of brafs, and ten hundred
weight of powder, with ftore of befides a hundred
fhot,

loufand Indians men of War. On

Whitfunday all the
paniards came into the field, the great.plain below the high
mountain fpoken of before, where Cortez made three chief
Captains, among whom he divided his whole Army. Unto
'edro de Alvarado the firft Captain he appointed thirty
iorfe-men, and a hundred and ieventy Foot-men of the
Spaniards, two pieces of Ordnance, and thirty thoufand 7«-
Hans, commanding him to encamp in Tlacopan. Unto ChrU
bval de Olid the fecond Captain he gave three and thirty
íorfemen, and a hundred and eighteen footmen of the Sp&<*
tifh Nation, two Pieces of Ordnance, and thirty thouland
Indians, and appointed him to pitch his camp in Culbmcan,
To Gonzalo de Sandoval, who was the third Captain, he gaw
three and twenty horfemen, and a hundred and threefcore
footmen, two pieces of Oidnance, and forty thouiand ln«>
Hans, with Commiffion to chufe a place to pitch his camp.
In every Vergantine he planted a piece of Ordnance, fix
Harquebuffes, or Crofs-bows, and three and twenty Spa-
niards, men moft fit for that purpofe. fíe appointed alfo
Captains for each, and himfelf for General, whereat fomeof
the chiefeft of his Company began to murmur, that went by
Land,thinking that they had been in greater danger > where-
fore they required him to go with the main battel,and not by
water. Cortez little efleemed their words for although
*.

there was more danger in the land than in the water, yet it
did more import to have greater care in the Wars by water,
than on the land j becaufe his men had been in the one,
and not in the other. Befides the chiefeft hopes that Cortez
had to win Mexico, were thefe VeiTels, for with them he
jjittht a great psuft of the Canoa* t of Mexico^ and the reft
: >""' '

he
 9o A New Survey Chap. XI,
he fo locked up,that they were no help unto
the Mexicans and
With twelve only Vergantines he did annoy
his enemy as
much by water, as the reft of his Army did by
land . All this
preparation for th<^%e of Mexico by landand water, with
sbove a hundred thoufand Indians, befides the
Spaniards
above mentioned, and the twelve Vergantines
by water was
fimfhed in this City of lezcuco, which
is a fufficient argu-
ment of the greatnefs of
it at that time, maintaining
with
Provifion and neceíTary fomany thoufands of people,
fit
and
it yielded matter enough unto us
for a large difcourfe, whilft
not far from the fight of it we travelled in the
open ard di-
rect plain Road to Mexico. And as we talked of the great-
nefs of it in former times, folikewife we
now wondered to
confider it to be but afmall Government,
where doth con-
fíantly reflde a Spanijh Governour fent
from Spain, whofe
power reacheth to thofe borders of Tlaxcailan and Guacocin^
and to mofi of the petty Towcs and Villages of
the plain,
which were formerly under the command and
power of a
King i but now are not able to make up above a
thoufand
Duckats a year, which is fuppofed to be the yearly
revenues
of the Governouriand Tezcuco it felf is this da judged
y to con-
fig only oía hundred Spaniards, and
three hunnred Indian
Inhabit ants, whofe chief riches come by gardening,and
fend-
ing daily in ihthCanaa's Herbs and Salktsto Mexico.
Some
wealth likewife they get by their Cedar-trees which
grow
there, and are ready timber for the buildings
of Mexico. Yet
pow a!fo are thefe Cedars much decayed by the Spaniards,
whohave wailedand fpoiled them in their too toofumptu-
ous buildings. Corttz only was accufed by Pamfilio
de Nar-
?«j tor that he had fpentfeven thoufand beams of Cedar-
trees in the work of his own houfe. Gardens there were in
Jezwco formerly, that had a thoufand Gedar-trees for walls
and circuit, fome of them of a hundred and twenty
foot
íong, and twelve foot in compafs from end to end
vbut now
¿hat Garden that hath fifty Cedar- trees about it, is
much
regarded. At the end of this plain we paifed through Mai-
catango, which formeriy was a » r eat Town, but now
not oí
above an hundred Inhabitants, and from thence to G.uetla-
iap: XIL of the Weft-Indies. 91
yetmoft pleafant for the (hade of ma-
a petty Village,
ruit-trees, Gardens, and ftately
houfes which for their
fome Citizens of Mexico have built there, being at
•eation
foot of the Caufey which from this
Town through the
te reacheth about five Englijb miles to Mexico And thus
the third day of Oäober, 162 5. we entred into
that fa-
>n
but only paf-
ns and gallant City, yet not abiding in it,
y through it, till we came to a houfe of recreation,
ftand-

among the Gardens in the way to Chapultepec, named

*

oí Manila in the
nt Jacintho, belonging to the Dominicans
<fi-lndi¿s, ( whither our courfe was
intended ) where we
ftately entertained, and abode till after Candlemas
day,
:re

2 time of our fecond (hipping at Acoapulco, ( 80 leagues

^m Mexico) by the South-fea t© Manila the chief
¡ty of the Iflands named Fbilippinas*

Chap. XII.

'hewing feme particulars of the great and famous

City of Mexico informer times, with a true de-
fcription of it now; and of the State and Conditi-
on of it i in the year 162$,

[T hath been no fmall piece of Policy in the Friers and Je~

of Manila and the Iflands of Fbilippinas to pur-
fuits
:hafe near about Mexico, fome houfe and Garden to carry
bring from Spain
:hither fuch Miffionary Priefts as they yearly
for thofc parts. not that they found fome reft
For were it

md place of Recreation, but were prefently clofed up in the

Cloiflersof Mexico to follow thofe religious duties ( which
fore againft their wills moft of them arc forced to ) they
would foon after a tedious journey from Spain by fea and
land relent of their purpofes of going forward, and ventu-
ring upon a fecond voyage by the South-fea h and would ci-
ther refolve upon a return to Sfam y or of flaying in fome
 $i AKew Survey Chap. XI]
part of America' as my felf and five more of my compan
did, though fecretly and hiddenly, and fore againft the
wil
of Fryer Calvo and others, who had the tutoring and con
during of us. Therefore that all iuch as come from Spak
to be (hipped again at Accapulco for Philippinas, may have
a!
manner of encouragement, reft and recreations becoming
their Profeffions, whilft they do abide in America; and
may not be diiheartned by thofe that live about Mexi-
co, ( who do truly envy all that pafs that way to Afta
J
the Friers and Jefuits have purchafed for their Millions
houfes of Recreation among the Gardens, which are exem-
pted from the power and, command of the Superiors oí
Mexico, and are fubordinate unto the Government of the
Provincials of Philippinas , who fend from thence their fub-
ftitute Vicars to rule, and to look to the foremen tioned
houfes and Gardens. To the Dominicans belonged this
houfe called St. Jacintho, whither we were carried, and
where we did abide near five months, having all things pro-
vided that were fit and necefljry for our Recreations, and for
cur better encouragement to a fecond voyage by Sea. The
Gardens belonging to this houfe might be of fifteen Acres of
ground, divided into ihady walks under the Orange and
Lemnion>trees \ there we had the Pomegranates, Figs, and
Grapes in abundance, with the Plantine, Sapotte, Chicofa-
potte, Pine-fruit, and all other fruits that were to be found
in Mexico. The Herbs and Sallets, and great number of
Spanish Cardoes whichare fold out, brought in a great
Rent yearly •, day there was a Cart attended to be
for every
jilled and fent to the Market of Mexico \ and this not at

íeafons of the year, as here in England and other parts of

Europe, but at all times and feafons, both Winter and Sum-
mer, there being no difference of heat, cold, frofts and
fnow, as with as i but the fame temper all the whole year,
the Winter differing only from the Summer by the rain that
falls, and not by exceflive frofts that nip. This we enjoyed
without doors i but within we had all forts and varieties
both of fiih and neih. What we moft wondred at, was the
abundance of fweet meats j and efpecially of Conferves that
were
lap. XII. of the Weft-Indies. 9j
e provided foi us i one of us during the time
for to every

mr abode there, was brought on Monday morning half a

en Boxes of Conferve of Quinces, and other fruits, be-
s our biskets, to ftay our
ftomachs in the mornings and at
er times of the day ; for in our ftomachs we found a great
erence between Spain and that Country. For in Spain
[ other parts of Europe a mans ftomach will hold ouC
n meal to meal, and one meal here of good cheer will
irifhand cheriih the ftomach four and twenty hours-, But
Mexico and other parts of America we found that two
hrce hours after a good meal of three or four feveral diihes
Mutton, Veal or Beef, Kid } Turkeys or other Fowls,
: ftomachs would be ready to faint, and fo we were fain
fupport them with either a cup of Cbocolatte, or a bit of
mferve or Bisket, which for that purpofe was allowed us
[>reat abundance. This feemed to me fo ftrange,( whereas
¡meatfeemed as fat and hearty, excepting the Beef, as
rs in Europe) that I for fome fatisfaäion
prefently had re-

irfe toa Doctor of Phyfick i who cleared my doubt with

is anfwer, That though the meat we
fed on was as fair to

)k on, as in Spain > yet the fubftance and nourifhment in

came far ihort of it, by reafon of the pafture, which is
ier and hath not the change oí fprings which the paftures

Europe have, but is ihort and withers foon away. But

:ondíy, he told me that the Climate, of thofe parts had this
e6t, to produce a fair (hew, but little matter or fubftance.
; in the fldh we fed on i fo like wife in all the fruits there*
bich are moft fair and beautiful to behold, molt fweet and
fcious to taikj but little inward vertue or nouriihment at
I in them, not half that is in a Spanijb CamueJ'a, or Englifh
mtijh Pippin. And as in meat, and fruit there is this

ward and hidden deceit, fjlikewifethefameisto be found

1 the people that are born and bred there, who make fair
ltward ihews, bat are inwardly falfe and hollow-hearted,
f hich I have heard reported much among the Spaniards to

ivebeen the anfwer of our Queen Elizabeth of Englandto

>me that prefented unto her of the fruits of America^ that
irely where thofe fruits gícw the women were
5 lights and
all
£4 J New Survey Chap. XI
all the people hollow and falfe -hearted. But further re
fons omit to fearch into i for this of experience only I writ
1

which taught me that little fubftance and vertue is in tr

great abundance and variety of food which there is enjoye*
our ftomachs witneffing this truth, which ever and ano
were gaping and crying, Feed,feed. Our Conferves then
fore and dainties were plentifully allowed us i andalloth<
encouragements, and no occsfion denied us ofgoing to vif
Mexico, ('which was not two full miles from us ) all tl
while we abode there. It was a pleafant walk for us to go 01
in the morning, and to ipend all the day in the City an
come home at night, our way lying by Arches made of fton
three miles long to convey the water from Cbapultepec unt
the Gity. Take therefore, gentle Reader, from me whs
for the fpaca of five months I could learn concerning it i
former and prefent times. The fituation of this Gity i

much like that of Venice > bus only differs in this, that Ft
tike is built upon the Sea» water, and Mexico upon
lake, which feemingone, indeed is two; one part wherei
is ftanding water > the other ebbeth and floweth, accordin

to the wind that bloweth. That part which ftandeth, i

wholefome, good, and fweet, and yieldeth ftorecf fma

fiih. That part which ebbeth and floweth, is a faltiil
bitter, and peftifcrous water, yielding no kind of fid
fmall or great. The fweet water ftandeth higher than th
other, and falleth into if, and revertethnot backward, a
Tome conceive it doth» The fait Lake containeth fifteei
miles in breadth, and fifteen in length, and more than fiv
and forty in circuit: and the Lake of fweet water contain
eth even as much, in fuch fort that the whole Lake contain
eth much about a hundred miles. The Spaniards aredivi
ded in opinionsconcerning this water and the fpringsof it
fome hold that all this water hath butonefpring out of
great and high Mountain which ftandeth South- weft withii
iight of Mexico, and that the caufe that the one part c
the Lake is brackifh and faltiih, is that ¿he bottom or groum
is all fait > But however this opinion be true or falfe, cei

tain it is and by experi<mce I can witwefs that of that par

hap: XIL of the Weft-Indies, pf
the fait- water great quantity of Salt made, ami
is daily

part of the great Trading of that City into other parts of

B Country, nay it is fent part of it to the Philippina
ands. Others lay that this Lake hath two fprings, and
at the freih-water fpringeth out of that mountain which
ndeth South-weft from Mexico, and the fait brackiih
iter fpringeth out of other high Mountains which ftand
ore North-weft But thefe give no reafon for the faltneís
:

it in the ebbing and

it, without it be the agitation of

>wing , which not being with tides like the Sea, but with
ic winds only ( which
indeed make it as ftormy fomeiimes
is the Sea ) why may not the winds
i
produce the fame ef-
& in the freih water Lake ? I think rather, if it fpring
om a different fpring from that from whence fpringeth the
tih-water, the brackiihnefs and faltiihnefs of it may pro-
:ed from fome brackiih and fulphurous minerals through
fhichit paíTeth in thofe Mountains. For by experience I
now the hke in the Province of Guatemala, where by a
'own called Amatitlan, there is a (landing Lake of wa»
er not altogether fweet and freih, but a little brackiih,

yhich certainly hath its fpring from a fiery Mountain called

here a Vulcano, ( whofe burningjproceedsfrom the Mines of
Irimftone that are within it ) from whence fpring near the
ame Town likewife two or three Springs of exceeding hot
vater, which are reforted to for wholefome Baths, as co*
ning through a fulphurous mine, and yet the ftanding
,ake proceeding from the fame Mountain is oí that quality
that it maketh the ground about it fair, and efpccially in
he mornings the people go to gather up the fait which lieth
jpon the ground by the water-fide like unto a hoary frofi
But thirdly, others conceive that that part of the Lake of
Mexico which is faltiih and brackiih comes through the
earth from the North-Sea , and though iprings cf watei
which come from the Sea loie their brackiihnefs through the
earth, yet this may keep fome brackiihnefs by reafon of
the minerals, which are many in thofe parts» or by reafon
of the great, wide and open concavities of thofe mountains,
which being very hoUow within ( as we rind by experience
\ of
 96 A New Survey Chap. Xi
of the Earthquakes which are more frequent there than he
by reafon of the wind that getteth into thofe concavitic?,ar
fo ihakes the earth to get oufj giveno way to the water
tweeten through the earth, 01 to lofe all that faltnefs whi<
it brought with it from the Sea. But whatfoever tl
true reafon be, there is not the like Lake known
fweet and faltifli water, one part breeding fiih , tl
other breeding none at ail. This Lake had former
fome fourfcore Towns, fome (ay more, fituated rour.
about if, many of them containing five thoufand hoi
ífrolds,and fome ten thoufand, yea and fezenco (as
have before^ was as big as Mexico. But when
laid
was there,there might be thirty Towns and Villages about i
and fcarce any ot above five hundred houiholds betwee
Spaniards and Indians ; fuch hath been the hard ufage c
the Spaniards towards them, that they have even almoi
confurmd that poor Nation. Nay two years before I cam
from thofe parts, which were the years of 1635. an<
1650. £ was credibly informed that a millón of Indi
ans lives had been loft in an endeavour of the Spaniards ti
turn the water of the Lake another way from the City
which was performed by cutting a way through the Moun
tains, for to avoid the great inundations that Mexico wa
fubjeét unto, and efpecially for that the year
1634. th<
waters grew fo high that they threamed ddrru&ion to al
the City , ruinating a great part, and coming into th<
Churches that flood inthehigheft part of it, infomuch thai
¡fee commonly boats and Canoas from houfe tc
people ufed
houie. Andmoll of the Indians that lived about the Laki
were imploycd toftriveagainlt this ftrong Element of wa-
ter, which has been the undoing of many poor
wretches
but efpecially of fhefe thirty Towns and Villages that bor-
dered near upon the Lake which now by that great work
-,

is further from the houfes of the City

and hath a patfage
\

made another way, though it was thought it would not

I
Song continue, but would rind again its old courfe towards
Mexico. This Cuy when Corttz fixil entred into if, ( was
es fome fay ) of iixty, but more probity it is reported td
ha y j
Shap.Xil. o/fkWeft-índies; 97
ave been of fourfcoirc Montezuma hi$
thoufand houies.
alacc was Very great, large and
beautiful, which in the
that had twenty
idian language was named Tepac i and
into theeorn-
oors or gates, which had their outcoming
ion Greets. It had three Courts, and in the
one ftoo4 a fair
uwtain, many halls, and a hundred chambers of
three

tid twenty, and thirty foot long,

an hundred bathes, and
ot-houfes and artd all this without nails, yet very
-,
good
rorkmaníhip. The walls were made of Mafons work, and
nought of Marble, Jafp and other black ftone, with
eins of red, like unto Rubies and
other ftones, which gli-
ered very fair i the roofs were wrought of Timber,
and cu-
being of Cedar, Cyprefs, and Pine- tree i the
oufly caived,
Chambers were painted, and hung with cloath of Cotton 3
nd of Conies hair and feathers. The beds only were un-
:eming this great fíate, very poor and of no value, fuch as to
bis day the beft and richefí Indians
ufe i for they wear no-
ting but mantles laid upon mats, or upon hay, or elfe
Mts alone. Within this Palace lived a thoufand women,nay,
:>me affirm three thoufand, reckoning
Gentlewomen, fer-
ants and (laves, all together ; but the moft were principal
ndians daughters ; oí whom Montezuma took for himfelf
bofethat liked him beft, and the other he gave in marriage
3Gentlemen his fervants. It is credibly reported among
be Spaniards that he had at one time a hundred and tift f
/omen his wives with child, who commonly took medicines
3 caft their creatures, becaufe they knew that they ihould

iot inherit the Stateand thefe had many old women to

\

uard them, for no man was permitted to look upon them.

¡elides this Tepac, which fignifieth Palace,
Montezuma ,
iadyet in Mexico another houfe with very curious lodgings
nd fair Galleries, built upon pillars of Jafp, which looked
owards a goodly Garden, in the which there was at leatl a
lozen Ponds, fome of falt-water for Sea-fowís, and others
of
reih-water for River-fowls and Lake-fowls, which Ponds
vere devifed with Sluces to empty and to fill at pleafure for

he cleannefs of the Fowls feathers h and thefe Fowls are fatd

have beenfo many in number, that the Ponds coujd
H fcarcely
 r

98 &
A New Survey Chap. XII,
1

fcarcely hold them, and of fuch feveral forts,

and offuch
ftrange and various coloured feathers, that tke moft
of them
the Spaniards knew not, nor had at any time feen the like.
There did belong to that houfe above three hundred perfons
of fervice, who had\thcir feveral charges concerning thefe
Fowls fome had care to cleanfe the Ponds ; others were
•,

appointed to fiih for bait i others ferved them with meat

i
and to every kind of fowl they gave fuch bait as they
were wont to feed of in the fields or rivers others did
:

trim their feathers ; others had care to look to their eggs

i
others to fet them abrood; and the principal office was
to
pluck the feathers : for of them were made rich mantles,
t3 P iftry,wroaght with targets, tufts of feathers,
and many
other things gold and filver.
Befides this houfe, Montezuma had yet another
houfe
within Mexico^ appointed only for hawking fowls,
and
fowls of rapine. In which houfe there were many high
Hills, wherein were kept men, women, and children,
fuch
as were dwarfs, crook-backs or any monftrous
perfons, and
with them fuch as were born white of cofpur, which did ve-
ry feldom happen i nay, fome would deform their
children
on purpofe to have them carried to the Kings houfe, to help
to fet forth his greatneis by their deformity. In the lower
halls of this houfe there were Gages for fowls of rapine
of all
forts, as Hawks, Kites, Boyters ( which are very
many in
thofc parts a) and of the Hawks near a dozen fundry
kinds
of them. This houfe had for daily allowance five hundred
Turkey-cocks, and three hundred men of f^rvice, befides
the Falconers and Hunters, which fome fay were above
a
thoufand men. The Hunters were maintained in that houfe,
becaufe of the raveous beafis which were alfo kept in
the
lower Halls in great cages made of timber, wherein were
kept in fome Lyons, in others Tygers, in others Ownzes,
in
others Wolves iinconclufion, there was no four-footed
beaft
wanting there, only to the cfTcér, that the mighty Monte-
zuma might fay, that he had fuch things in his houfe i and
all were kd daily with Turkey-cocks,
Deer, Dogs, and
iuchlike. There were alfo in another Hill great earthen
ñ veflels,
Chap. XII. o/ ík Weft-Indies: 99
veffels, fomc with earth,aud femé with water^ wherein
:

gtofsas a mans thigh, Vipers, Crocod.es

were Snakes, as
foot long w,th fcales
which they call Caymams, of twenty
a Dragon befides many other ImaUer Irian,
and head like ;

and Serpents, as well of the water

and other venemousbeafts venomous
To thefe Snakes and the other
as of the land.
the blood of men fact.nced to feed
bealls they ufually gave
,hrm Others fav they gave unto them
mans fleln, whicn
h g'reat ¿S or C^nan, eat
to
very
fee,
well.
hideous
Butwhatwas
to heaun,tte
wonderful to behold, horrid
bealts,
was the Officers daily occupations about thefc
houfe
ftinking like a flaughter-
the floorwith blood like a gelly,
Lions, the fearful hiffing of
houfe,and the roaring of the
Adders, the doleful howling and barkmg of
the Snakes and
yelling of theOwniesandT.-
the Wolves, the fonowful
gres, when ihey would have meat And yet in this place
feafon feemed a dungeon of hell, and a
which in the night
heathen Prince pray
dwelling place for the Devil, could a
unto this Ha wasanother
umoSdsand Idols ; for near 1

f«**°£
long and thtrty
of a hundred and fifty foot
chappel with the roof of filvcr and gold in leal
where was a
with great «ore of pearl and ftone
wainfeotted and decked
Cornetines, Emeralds, Rubies, and divers other
as A-ats,
fo.Vs° and this was the
Orato.y where ttuw P«yed
and that chappel the Devil did ap-
in
in the night feafon,
pear unto him, and gave him
anfwer according to hrsp.ay-
uttered amongfo many ugly
and de-
ets, which asthey were
formedbeafts, and with the noifé of
them which «pr tented
Hell it felf, were fitted for a
Devils anfwer HeW*
Armoury, wherein was great ftort:of all kind of fuch
his
in their Wars, as Bows Ar-
Ammunition which the, ufed
Clubs, Swords and Buck-
rows, Slings, Launces, Darts,
gallant Targets, more trim
than «rong,and all
lets, and
Leather. „The Wood
made of Wood, gilt or covered with
Targets wa, ve, ha 4
whereofthey made their Armour and |
ends they enclofcd a little
and firong i and at their arrows
f-iece of Int. ftone,
or a piece of a fiih tone
called Z*&
venemous, that if any were hurt wtth «, and
whieh was fo
 loo 'A New Survey Chap. . JCIL
the head remained in the wound, itfo feflered
that it was al-
moft incurable. Their Swords were of Wood,and
the edge
thereof was flint none, inclofed or joyned into
a fiafTi and
with thefe fwords they cut fpears, yea and a Horfe
neck at a
blow, and could make dents into iron, which
feemeth a
thing unpoííible and incredible. Thefe flints were joyned
into the If ails with a certain kind oí glue, which
was made of
a root called Zacolt, and TuxaVi, which is a
kind of rtrong
fand, whereof they made a mixture, and after
kneaded it
with the blood of Bats, or Rear mice and other fowl,
which
didglew io ftrong, that it fcareeever uncleaved again
> and
ofthcfcMontzuma had in his houfe of Armour great flore
But befides thefe houfes it is wonderful to relate
yet many
others which that great heathen Empercur
had for his only
recreation and paftime, with excellent fair gardens
of medi-
cinal herbs, fweet flowers, and trees
of delegable favour.
But of one garden more elpecialiy it is faid, that in
it there
were a thouiand perfon ages made, and wrought
artificially
of leaves and flowers And Montezuma would not permit
chat in this garden ihould hi any kind
of Pot herbs, or
things tobe fold, faying «hat it did not appertain
to Kings to
have things of profit among their delights and
pleafures, for
that fuch did appertain to Merchants. Yet out of Mexico
he had Orchards with many and iundry fruits; and
like-
wife pleafant houies in Woods and forreits, ofgreat
compafs,
environed with water, in the which he had fountains,
rivers*
ponds with fifti, rocks and coverts where were Harts,
Bucks]
Hares, Foxes, Wolves and fuch like, whither he
himfelf fel-
dom went \ but the Lords of Mexico ufed to go to fport
themfelves in them. Such and fo many were the houfes of
Montezuma, wherein few Kings were equal with him.
He
had daily attending upon him in his privy guard fix
hundred
Noblemen and Gentlemen, and each of them three or four
fervants, and fomehad twenty fervants or
moreaccoidini> to
their eftatei and the moit credible report goes,
that in this
manner he had three thouiand men attendants in his Court,
all which were fed in his houfe of the
meat that came from
his table. There were in thofe times under the Mexican
Empire
Chap. XII. of the WeftJndies. loi
Empire three thoufand Lords of Towns, who had many vaf-
fals but more efpecially there were thirty of high eftate, who
were able to make each of «hem a hundred thoufand men of
War. And all thefe Noblemen did abide in Mexico a cer-
tain time of the year in the Court of Mentezuma,
and could
not depart from thence without efpecial licence of the Em-
perour, leaving each of them a fon or brother
behind them
for fecurity of rebellion and for this cauie they
*, had generally
houfes in the City ; fuch and fo great was the
Court of Mon-
tezuma. Moreover he fpent nothing in the buildings of all
his houfes, for he had certain Towns thai
payed no
thefe
other tribute, but only to work and repair continually his

houfes at their own proper coit, and paid all kind

of work-
men, carrying upon their backs, or drawing in ileds ftone^
for the work.
lime, timber, water, and all oiher neceffaries
Lifcwife they were bound to provide all the wood that
ihould

be fpent in the Court, which was five hundred

mens bur-
thens,and fome days in the Winter much more.
But efpe-
cially for the Emperors chimnies truy brought the bark of
Oak-trees, which was efteemed for the light. Thus was
that great City formerly illufirated with a mighty Monarch,
his houfes and attendants. There were then alio in Mexico
three forts of ftreets, very broad and fair , the one fort was
only of water, with many bridges, another fort of only
earth, and the third of earth and water, the one half being
firm ground to walk upon, and the other half foi boats to
bring provilion to the City vthe moll part of the houfes had
two doors, the one toward the Cawiey, and the other to-
ward the water, at the which they took boat to go whither
they lift. But this water ( though fo near to the houfes )
being not good toudrink, there is other water frefc
¿nd
fweet brought by conduit to Mexico, from a place
ceiled iv
Cbupultcpep three miUs from that City, which
diftant
fpringcthoutofalittle hill, at the foot whereof ftooc*, for-
merly two ftatues, or images, wrought in ftone, with their
Targets and Launces, the one of Montezuma, the other of
Axaiaca his father. The water is brought from thence to
this day in two pipes built upon Arches of brick
and ftone
H 2 UK*
102 A Hew Survey Chap XII.
like a fair- bridge-, and when one pipe is foul, then all
the water conveyed into the other, till the firft be made
is

clean. From this fountain all the whole City is provided,

and the Water- men go felling the fame water from fireet to
fireet, fome in little boats, others with earthen Tankards
upon Mules or AiTes- backs. The chief and principal divifion
of this City when the Spaniards ñtñ conquered it, was into
two ftreets > the one was called llateluUo, that is to fay, a
little liland, ^and the other Mexico* where Montezuma his

dwelling and Court was,fignifyinginthe language a fpring.

And becaufe of the Kings palace there, the whole City was
named Mexico. But the old and firft name of the City ac-
cording to fome Hiftorians was Tenuchtitlan, which fignifi-
cth fruit out of a ftone, being a compounded name o£Tetl>
which in the language is ftone, and Nuchtli, which is a
fweet fruit called generally in Cuba, and all other parís of
America by the Spaniards, 'lunas > the name of the tree
whereon this fruit groweth is called Nopal. And when
this City begun to be founded, it was placed near unto a
great ftone that flood in the midft of the lake, at the foot
whereof grew one of thefe Nopal trees i which is the reafon
why Mexico giveth for arms and device the foot of a Nopal
tree fpringing from a ftone according to the firft name of the
City 'tenuchtitlan.But others do afrlrm,that thisCityrhath the
name of the founder of it, ca'led lenucb, the fecond fon
firft

of iztacmixcoatly whofe fons and dependents did firft inha-

bit all that of part America which is now called New Spain.
Mexico is as much as to fay a fpring or fountain, according
to the property of the vowel or fpeech, from whence fome
judge that City to be fo named. But others do affirm that
Mexico hath its name from a more ancient time, whofe
firft founders were called Mexiti, for unto this day the In-

dian dwellers in one fireet of this City are called of Mexica.

And that thefe Mexiti took name of their principal Idol
called Mexitli, who was in as great veneration as Vitzilo-
pttckli, the God of War. But others affirm ( and this
x
opinion is moil received among the Spaniards ) that the
Mexicans firft were the inhabitants of Nova Galicia; frora
- whence
 of the WeiUndies.
105
Chap. XII.
a violent irruption, Jnno Domini 7 20.
whence they made
year joj. when under

Kg
ind linger

nd called it
in divers places till the
of AMthdf chief Captain they bul.t thts
name of their General They were
after the
City,

ruled long in ari Amlocraticalñate

$
in all feven Tribes ,which
moft puiffant of the Tribes called
Navatalc* ek«4
rill >hc
themfelves. ThehiftKing
King towhom they fubmitted
VitzHovith the.fecond,
that was thus eleded, was
called 1

:fourth, Jzc^-
4*«»fr«&> the third, Ckimalpapoca, the
*/t i the fifth, llMtMMM
the firft v the fixth, Acacm the

feventh ¿Mtoi the eighth,

Antzloh the ninth Montt-
zuma the fecond, who reigned when Cortez came firft y the
loft Ate,, and in
whom
tenth, was guthutimoc, who
£ta Empire. The moft fortunate of thefc
ended that
KinRS vnslzchoalt who by his coufin
•,
IW*
fubdued

other fix Tribes, and brought them under the Mixtean

the
Kinss. And after the death
of Izcboalt, IfacaeUec^was
fix in number ) cholea
by the firft eledors ( which were
as a man of whofe vertue they had formerly made
Kine,
that it was more
trvai. But he very noble refufed it, faying
another mould be
convenient for the Commonwealth that
(hould execute that which was otherwi e
Kine, and that he
lay the whole
more fit for thenecefiity of the State, than to
upon his back-, and that without being King, he
burden
well as if he
Would not leave to labour for thepublickas
made choice ot
were King. Upon this generous refufal they
Montezuma the firft. The moft unhappy Kings of that na-
tion C at whofe birth could not but
be fome difaftrous aipeCt
were the two laft, Montezuma the fecond, and
of the Planets )
Ferdinand» Cortez*
guabutimoc, who were both vanquiihed by
who took Montezuma prifoner out of his own pilace,
and
language carried him to his lodgings in
with fair words and
a pair of gyves on
Mexico i and kept him there, knocking
his legs, until the execution of
gualpopoca Lord otNahut-
called Almería ( who was to be burnt for
killing
Ian, now
nine Spaniards) was paft. But this imprifonment of their
Emperor ftirred up the hearts of all the Mexicans to confpire
againft whom they fought
a^ainft Grr«¿ mdth$ Spaniards,
H 4 *
 r
i©4 JtNem Survey Chap XII.
a moft fierce and bloody battel two or
three days together,
aying out for their Emperor, and thrcatningthem
with the
.cruelleft death that ever man differed. Whereupon Corte»
defired Montezuma to go up into the Sotie of his houie
which
they were battering with ftones,and to
command his fubjeób
to ceafe from their heat and fury who at•,
Cortez his requeft
went up and leaned over the wall to talk with
them and
beginning tofpeak unto them, they threw fo
many (tones
out of the ftreet, houfes, and windows, that
one happened
to hit Montezuma ón the temples of
the head, with which
blow he fell down dead to the ground and
i this was his
aid, even at the hands of his own fubje&s
and valíais aeainft
their walls, in the City of his
greateft glory, and in the
power and cuüody of a foreign and ftrange nation.
The
lndtani affirm that he was of the greateft
blood of all his
Image, and the greateft King in eftate that
ever was in
Mexico. And from
hence it may very well be noted
that
when Kingdoms do moil fiouriih, then are they nigheft
to a
change, or elfeto change their Lord, as doth
appear in this
Hiftory of Montezuma, whofe great glory
and majefty pre-
fjged the downfal of that City and people
i who though
alter the death of Montezuma they
made gualmtimoc their
Emperor, and perfifting in their furious battery
againft Cov-
itz hts palace, caufed him and all his
Spaniards to flie out
of Mexico > yet having ftrengthened themfelves
again in
llaxcaVan i and prepared fixteen, or as others
fay, eighteen
Vergantinesfor the lake, they foon after befieged Mélico fo
by water and land, that the Citizens were in
great neccility
and fo many dead with hunger and ficknefs, chat
there wire
heaps of dead bodies in houfes, only to keep
cloie their
extreme mifery ; who would not yield even when
they faw
their King guahutimnc his fair houfes
burned, and the
greateft part of their City confumed with
fire and beaten
down plain with the ground, fo long as they could enjoy
any
one ftreet, Tower, or Temple to detend themfelves
andoo-
pofe the Spaniards : who after many fierce and
bloody fights
by land and with their boats by water having
won the chief
Market-place and moft of the City, as they
went walking
in
bap: XII. o/íkWcft-Indies. ipj
the fireets found heaps of dead bodies in the houfcs,
:ets, and in the water, and the very barks of trees and
>ts gnawn by the hungry creatures,
and the men fo lean
1 yellow that it was a pitiful fight to behold. And with
s Cortez yet required them to yield i but they although
:y were fo lean of body
were ftrong in heart, and anfwer-
that he íhould not fpeak of any friendship to them, nor
t hope of their fpoil, for when no fortune would favour
sm, then they would either burn their treafure3 or
row into the Lake, where they íhould never profit
it

ereby, and that they would fight while one alone íhould
main alive.
CortfzdeCrousto fee what remained of the City towfn 9
ent up into a high Tower, and having well viewed the
ity, he judged that of eight parts one remained
yet to win,

nd affaulting the fame, the forrowful Citizens bewailing

unfortunate fate and deftiny, befeeching the Spaniard*
ieir

i end, and to kill them all out of hand i others

make an
inding at the brim of the water near unto a draw-bridge
ied out. OCaptain Cortez> feeing that thou art the
ihild of the Sun, why doft thou not intreat the Sun thy
ather to make an end of us > O thou Sun that canftgo
)und about the World in a day and a night, we pray thee
lake an end of us and take us out of this miferable life, tor
/e deiire death to go and reft with our God ^mtcavatlb
/ho tarrieth for us. Cortee, feeing the great extremity that
hefe poor wretched people were in, thinking now that they
rauld yield unto him, ient a meflage to ¿$uahmimocy de~
¡ring him to confider his Subjects great extremity , which yet
night be greater, if he yielded not to Peace. But when the
tubborn King heard this ambaffage,he was fo moved with
reand choler, that forthwith he commanded Cortezhis Am»
and gave the reft of the Spaniards
>aíTadour to be facrificed,
hat went with him for anfwer blows with ftones, llaves and
\rrows, faying that they dcfired death and no Peace,
thereupon Cortez feeing the King foftubborn and refracto-
ry after fomuch flaughter and mifery of his fubjeéfrs, after fo

many Combates andskirmiíhes made with the Ms of almoil

_.„.J all
 i o6 A New Survey Chap; £
all the City, fcnt forthwith £W<w*Z with his Vergantii
one way, and went himfelf another combating
the hpu
and forts that yet remained, where he found fmali
refiftari
io that he might do what he pleafed.
One would ha
thought there had not been five thoufand left in
all the Gi
feeing the heaps of dead bodies that lay
about the ftreets ai
in the houies, and yet fuch was this laft combate, that the
were that day flain and taken prifoners forty thoufand
p<
tons. The lamentable cry and mourning of the women ai
children, would have made a ftrong heart
relent, the fíen
alfo of the dead bodies was wonderful
noifom. That nig
Cortez purpofed to make an end the next day
of the War
and Quahutimoc pretended to flie, and for that
purpo
had embarked himfelf in a Canoa of twenty Oars.
Wfr
they day appeared, Cortez with his men,
and four Pieces \
Ordnance came to thecorner where thofe that yet
remain*
were ihut up as Cattel in a Pound. He gave order
to Sa¡
¿oval and Alvarado what they ihould do,
which was to I
ready with their Vergantines, and to watch the
coming 01
or the Canoa % which were hid betwixt certain fioufc
and cfpecially to have regard unto the Kings perfon,and
nc
to hurt him, but to take him alive. He commanded the r<
ildue or his men to force the Mexican boats
to go out, an
he himfelf went up into a Tower, inquiring for
the Kim
where he found Xibuacoa, Governourand Captain
Gener,
of the City, who would in no wife yield himfelf.
The
came out of the City a great multitude of old folks,
mer
women and children to take boat. The throng was fo grea
with hart to enter the Caneas, that many by that means wer
drowned in the Lake. Cortez required his men not to ki
thofe miferable creatures j But yet he could not ftay
the In
¿tans his friends of tlaxcallan, and other places,
who ücv
and facr irked above fifteen thoufand. The men of War
ftooi
in the houfe tops, and Zones beholding their perdition. AI
the Nobility of Mexico were embarked with the
King. Thei
Cortez gave Ggn with the foot of a hand-gun, that
his Cap
tains ftould be in a readings, io that in ihort
fpace they wai
fully and wholly the great City of
Mexico. The Vergan
___ tine
lap: XII. of the Weft-Indies. 107
in among the Fleet of boats
without any
s likewife brake
beat down guabutimoc his Koyal
Sanee and prefently
Garcia Holguin who was a Captain of one of the
ndard.
rgantines, cfpied a great Canoa
oftwenty Oars deep laden
fi men, who (
being by one of his prifoners informed
t the King wasitingave chafe to it and prefently over
)
When gu<ibtttimoc, who flood upon the Poop pfc
k it.
Spaniards Crofs-bows bent
Canoa ready to fight, faw the
[hoot and many drawn fwords againft him, he yielded
delaring that he was King; Garcia Holguin being
nfclf,
prifoner took him and carried him unto
lad man of fuch a
very refpedfully. But when
rtez, who received him
laid his hand upon
vdmtimae came near unto him, he
have done all my beft and pof-
Biz his dagger, faying, I

>le endeavor to defend

my fclf and my Valíais according to
y duty, hoping not to
have come to this eftate and place
here now I ftand ',and confidering that you may do
ith roe what you pleafe, I befeech you to kill me, and that
my
only requeft, Cortez comforted him with fair words,
¡ving him hope Of life : and took him up into a Zotie, re-
that yet held out, to
airing him to command his Subjects
ield and render themfelves. Which Quahutimoc prefently
erformedrand at that time after fo many Prifoners taken,
there were about
ndfo many thoufands ilain and ftarved,
hreefcore and ten ihoufand peifons, who feeing that Prince
Prifoner, threw down their weapons and
fubmitted them*
1

elve?. Thus did Remand» Cortez win the famous and

Anno,
Utely City of Mexico, on the 13, day of Augufi,
year onthat
Dom. 1521. In remembrance whereof every
feaft and folemn
day they make in Mexico a fumptuous
procefiion, wherein is carried the Standard
Royal, with the
which the City was won. In the lofs of it was as much
to be

Antiquity can produce of any Victory j wherein

obferved as
was one Emperor the greateft that ever was in in thofe part?
(lain-, and another as great a Warrier
as ever Americahzd

known, taken Prifoner. The Siege endured from the time

the Vergantines came from 'ílaxcallan three months,
and
therein were on Gorte%h\$ fide near 20S000 Indians, who
daily
 8

r
To ANeu> Survey Chap; X
daily increafcd and eame him, poo Spanian
in to help
fourfoore horfes only, feventeen or eighteen Pieces
of Oi
nance ; fixteen or as fome fay eighteen Vergantines,
and
lean 6000 Canoas. In this Siege were flain fifty Spaniai
only and fix horfes, and not above e%ht thoufand of
the ¿
dians Cortez his friends. And on the Mexicans fide w<
hundred and twenty thoufand Indians? betid
flain atleaft a
thofe that died with hunger and Peftilence. At the defer
oftheCity were all the Nobiiity,by reafon whereof many
them were flain. The multitude of People in the City w
fo great, that they were conftrained to eat little, to drii
fait- water, and to fleep among the dead bodies, where w
a horrible flench and for thefe caufes the difeafe of Peil
;
lence fell among them, and thereof died an infinite
numbe
Whereupon is to be confidered their valour, and ftedfa
determination for alchough they were afflicted with
•,

fuc
hunger that they were driven to eat boughs, rinds of
tree
and to drink ialt-water, yet would they not yield then
felves. And here alfo is to be noted, that although ft
Mexicans did cat mans fltih, yet they did eat none but
fuc
as were their enemies i for had they eaten
one another an
their own children, there would not fo many
have died wit
hunger. The Mexican women were highly commendec
not only becaufe (hey abode with their husbands and
father*
but alfo f©r the great pains they took with the
fick an(
wounded perfons yea and alfo they laboured in makini
*,

flings cutting (tones fitforthe fame, and

throwing flone
from the Zoties s for therein they did as much hurt as theii
men. The City was yielded to the fpoil,and the Spani-
ards took the gold, plate and feathers, the Indian
friendj
had all the reft of cloth and other fluff. Thus was that fa-
mous, City ruinated, and burnt by the Spaniards, and
the
power of that Nation brought under the Spanijh fubjedion.
Cortez having found the air of that City very temperate
and
pleafant for mans life, and the fituation commodious,
thought prefently of rebuilding it, and of making it the
chiet Seat of Juftice and Court for all that Country.
But
before I come to fpeak of it as rebuilded and now flourfihing,
p. XII. of the Weft-Indies. ipp
; add unto what hath been faid of Montezuma his
r ftate and houfes in it, the greatnefs of the Market»
and Temple, which was in it, when the Spaniards
\ and deftroyed it. The conveniency of the Lake
this City gave encouragement to the Mexicans to fet
a mofi fpacious Marketplace, whither all the Country
might refort to buy,exchange and fell i which was the
eafie for them by reafon of the abundance of Boats

i were made only for íuch Trafique. In this great lake

were at that time above two hundred thoufand of thefe
boats, which the Indians call Acalles, and the Spam»
call them C<W/, wrought like a kneading trough,

bigger than others according to the greatnefs of the

ofthe tree, whereof they are made. And where I number
hundred, thoufand of thefc boats, I fpeak of the leaft,
iexico alone had above fifty thoufand ordinarily to «ar-
id bring unto the City vidual, provifion, and paffen-

fo that on the market days all the Greets of water were

of them. The Market is called in the Indian tongue
piztli i every Pariih had his Market place to buy and
n-, but Mexico and llatelulco only> which are the
eft Cities, had great Fairs and places fit for the fame ;

¡fpccully Mexico had one place, where mofl days in the

was buying and felling but every fourth day was the
•,

t Market ordinarily. This place

was wide and large,com-
:d about with doors, and was fo great that iooooo
3ns came thither to chop and change, as a City moft
cipal in all that region. Every occupation and kind of
:handize had his proper place appointed, which no
:r might by any means occupy or difturb. Likcwife pe-
rns wares had their place accordingly, fuch as ftone,
ber, lime, brick and all fuch kind of fluff unwrought,

ig neceffary to build withal. Alfo mats both fine and

fe, of fundry workmaníhip \ alfo coals, wood, and all
s oí earthen vefiels, glazed and painted very curioufly a

:r-skins both raw and tanned, in hair, and without hair,

many colours, for Shoomakers, for Bucklers, Targets,
kins, and lining of woodd^n corílets, alfo skins of other
beafts,
lio A New Survey Chap. X
beafts, and fowl in feathers ready dreiTed of all forts. 1
colours and ftrangenefs thereof was a thing wonderful to
hold. The richeft merchandize was fait, and mantles
Cotton -wool of divers colours, both great and fmall ; fo
for beds,other for garments and clothing, other for Tapil
to hang houfes > other Cotteiv cloth was wont to be fold tr
for linnen drawers ( which to this day the Indians ufe)
íhirts, table-cloaths, towels and fuch like things. Th
were alfo mantles, made of the leaves of a tree called M
and of the Palm-tree and Conie-hair, which were w
efteemed, being very warm, but the Coverlets made
feathers were the beit. They fold thred there made of Cor
hair, and alfo skins of other thred of all colours. 1

the great ftore or pcultrey which was brought to that Mar

was Granger to lee, and the ufes they fold and bought th
for ; for although they did eat the fleih of the fowl, yet
feathers ferved for clothing, mixing one fort with anod
But the chief bravery of that market was the place wh
gold and feathers joyntly wrought were fold » for any th
that was in requefi, was there lively wrought in gold a
feathers and gallant colours. The Indians were fo exp
and perfect in this fetence, that they would work or malí
butter- flie, any wild bead, trees, roles, flowers, heibs, rot
or any other thing fo lively that it was a thing marvelloui
behold. It hapned many times that one of thefe workn

in a whole day would eat nothing, only to place one feat

in his due perfection, turning and toiling the icather to
light of the Sun, into the ihade or dark place to fee wh
was his moft natuial perfection, and till his work were fl
fhed he would neither eat nor drink. There are few ni
ens offo much fleam or fubftance. The art, orfcienct
Goldfnaiths among them was the moft curious, and h;
good workmanihip engraven with toels made of flint or
mould. They will caft a platter in mould with eight c
ners, and every corner of feveral metal, the one ofgc
and the other of illver, without any kind of folder. Tl
will alfo found or calí a little cauldron with loole banc
hanging thereat, as we ufe to ea ft a bdl j they will alfo caf
mo
lapr XIL of the Weft- Indies. 11 1

uld a of metal, wih one fcale of lilver on his back»

fifth

[
another oí gold they will make a Parrot or Popinjay
•>

metal that his tongue (hall ihake, and his head move,
I his wings flutter i they will caft an Ape in mould, that
hhands and feet íhallítir i and hold afpindle in his hand
ming to fpin, yea an apple in his hand as though he
uld eat it. They have skill alfo in Enamelling and to
any pretious Hone. But now as touching the market,
re was to fell Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, Latten, and
n i although there was but very little of the three laii me-
5 mentioned. There were pearls, precious Hones, divers
J íundry forts of (hels, and bones, Sponges, and Ped~

s ware. There were alfo many kind of herbs, roots, and

ds, as well to be eaten, as for medicine > for both men,
>men and children had great knowledge in herbs, for
cough poverty and neceffity they did feek for their fuixe-
nceand help of their infirmities and diieafes. Tney did
:nd among Phyficians, although there were iome of
little

at Art, and many Apothecaries, who did bring into the

arket, ointments, fyrups, waters, and other drugs fit for
:k perfons, They cure all difeafes almoft with herbs : yea
much as for to kill lice they have a proper herb for the
irpofe. The feveral kinds of meats was without
to be fold
imber, as Snakes without head and dogs gelt,
tail, little

loles, Rats, Long-worms, Lice, yea, anda kind ofeaithy

¡r at one feafon in the year they had nets of Mail, with the
hich they raked up a certain duft that is bred upn the wa-
x of the lake oí Mexico, and that is kneaded together like
ntoOazeofthefea. They gathered much of this and kept
in heaps, and made thereot Cakts like unto Brick-bats.
jid they did not only fell this ware in the Market, but alfo
Est itabroad to other Fairs and Markets afar off-, and they
id eat this Meal with as good a ftomach as we eat Gheefe ;
ea, and they hold opinion, that this skum or fatnefs of the
vater is the caufe that fuch great number oftowlcometh to
he lake, which in the winter ieafon is infinite. They fold
ikewife in this Market Venifon by quarters or whole, as
toes, RareSjGonies, and Dogs^nd many other beads, which
they
 tit A New Survey Chap. XI
they brought up for the purpofe and took in hunting.
T
great ftore of fundry kinds of fruits was marvellous,
whi
were there fold, both green and ripe. There is a fort as b
as an Almond called Cacao ( whereof is the drink called CI
eolatte well known now in Chriüendom ) which
is boi
meat and currant money. In thefe times of the bigger
fo
iixfeore or fevenfeore, and of the letter fort two
hundred a
worth a Spanijh Rial, which is fixpence, and with fhefe
tl
Indians buy what they lift i for tive, nay for two
Cacai
which is a very fmall part of a Rial, they do buy fruits an
the like. There were divers kinds of colours to be fol<
which they made ofrofes, flowers, fruits, barks of tree
and other things very excellent. All the things recited,
an
many others which I fpeak not of, were fold in this grez
Market, and in every other Market cf Mexico \ and
allth
payed a certain fum for their (hops or Handings
fellers
t
the King, as aCuuom, and they were to be
prefervedan<
defended from thieves and robbers, And for that
purpoí
there went Strjeants and Officers up and down the Marke
to fpie out malefactors. In the midft of this Market ftoo<
an houfe, which was to be feen throughout the Fair,
an<
there did fit commonly twelve ancient men for
Judges t<
difpatch law-matters. Their buying and felling was t<
change one ware for another, one gave a hen for a bundle o
Maiz, others gave mantles far fait or money which wasC*
cao. They had meafure and fi rike for all kind of corn, and
other earthen meafures for honey and oyl, andtuch wines
a<
they made of Palm trees, and other roots and trees.
And
if anymeafure were ialfiried,chey puniihed the Offenders and
brake their meafures. This was ihe civility they had when
they were Heathens, for buying and idling. And although
they knew not the true God, but worshipped Idols i yet to
their Idols and to the Devil they dedicated Temples and pla-
ces of woxOiip, wherein they ueid thofe facrifices which
David
fpeaksofinP/*/. 106.37. faying, Jbey Jacrtficed their fons
and their "Daughters unto Devils.
The Temple is called in the Mexican language leuca%
which is a compound word of Teutl , which fignirieth
God,
 j

ihap. XII. of the Weft-Indies: 1

j
1

iod and C* which fignifieth a There

houfc. Were in

textco many Páriíh-Churches

with towers, wherein were
:happels and Altars where the Images and Idols did ftand.
dl their Temples were of
one faíhion i the like I believe
And therefore it ihall be notf
ras never feen nor heard of.
ifficienttodefcribe the chief and Temple, which
greateft

as their Cathedral Church. This Temple was fquare,

ras
as a Crofs-bow
nd did contain every way as much ground
in reach level. It was made of ftone, with four doors that

wkt towards the three Cawfeys,* and upon another part of

had no Cawiey, but a fair ftreet. In the midft
te City that
f this Quad ern ftood a mount of earth and ftone, fquare

kewife, and fifty fathom long every way, built

upward like
nto a Pyramid of Egypt, faving that the top
was not íharp,
ut plain and flat, and ten fathom fquare.
Upon the Weft
de were fteps up to the top, in number a hundred
and four-
een, which being (o many, high and made of good ftone,

id feem a beautiful thing. It was a ftrange fight to behold

he Priefts,fome going up, andfome down

with ccremo-
lies, or with men to be faciificed.
Upon the top of this
the one
remple were two great Altars, a good fpace diftant
and fonigh the edge or brim of the wall,
rom the other,
hat fcarcely a man might go behind them at
pleafure. The
>ne Altar ftood on the right hand, and the other on the left»
back
hey were but of five foot high', each of them had the
)art made of ftone, painted with monftrous
and foul figures»
rhe Chappel was fair and well wrought of Mafons work
and
another,
imberi every Chappel had three lofts one above
uftained upon pillars, and with the height thereof it ihew-
id likeunto a fair tower, and beautified the City afar oft.
from thence aman might fee all the City and Towns round
profpect.
tbout the lake, which was undoubtedly a goodly
And becaufe Cortez and his company ihould fee the beaut
thereof, Montezuma himfelf ( to make the
more oftenta-
Hon of his greatnefe and the Ma jefty of his Court ) carried
all the order
the ñxñ Spaniards thither, and (hewed them
of the Temple, even from the foot to the top. There was a
their fer-
certain plot or fpace for the Idol Priefts to celebrate
'
I VH
l! 4 AKewSuney Chap. Xli
vice without diAuibance ofany. Their general prayers wer
made toward the riling of the fun upon each Altar flood
:
í

great Idol.
Befides this Tower which flood upon the Pyramid,
ther
were forty towers great and fmall belonging to other littli
Temples which ftood in the fame circuit \ the which althougr
they were of the fame making, yet their profpeér was
noi
Weil- ward, but other ways, becaufe there fliould be a dif
ference betwixt the great
Temple and them. Some of thei
Temples were bigger than others, and everyone of a fevera
God among the which there was one round Temple dedi
i

God of the air called £uecalcovatl\ for even a

catcd to the
the air goeth round about the heavens, even for that
confi
deration they made this Temple round. The entrance o
that Temple had a door made like unto the mouth of ¡

Serpent, and was painted with foul and deviliCh gefiures

with great teeth and gums wrought, which was a fight t<
fear thofe that ihould enter in thereat, and efpecially th<
Chriflians unto whom it represented hell
with tha it felf
ugly face and monftrous teeth. There wereother TeucaVU
in the City, that had the afcending up by fttps in
threi
places •, and all thefe Temples had houies by thcmfelves
witl
all fervice belonging to them, and Prieiis, and particulai
Gods. And from this manner of thefe Heathens Temples
and Altars, made with fteps, we may obferve how like unte
them is now the Church of Rome^ which as it confeffeth thai
there never was a Church without a vifible facrifice, anc
therefore teácheth that Chrifts body muft be broken upor
their Altars, and diftributed not only as a Sacrament to
th<
people, but as a facrifice in the Prieiis hands, differing onlj
that the facrifices o Sheep and Oxen in the old Law, ant
i

thefe of the Heathens were bloody facrifices, but theirs

o!
Chrifis body they call Incruentum Sacrificittm, an unbloody
facrifice i ío likewife in the buildings of their Churches with
feveral Towers and
Altars and Chappels dedicated to fevera!
Saints they feem to have taken from the very Heathens bul
>

efpecially in the many fleps whereby they afcend up to theii

Altáis, they referable thefe, forgetting Gods words in Exod.
2a
 1

Chap. XII. of the Weft-Indies^ 1

5
10 la. faying, Neither Jh alt thou go up byfleps unto mine
Altar^ that thy nakgdnefs be not discovered thereon. And
laftly in theirhoufes and Cloifters joyntng to their Churches
for the fervice of them, being full of idolatrous Priefts ana
Friers confecrated for their fervice, they feem likewife to
have borrowed that fanfie of Convents, Abbies, and
Priories from the very Heathens, who C as prefently I ihall
(hew ) had near joyning to this great Temple, houfes con-
taining thoufands ofPriefls, with yearly rents and revenues,
like thofe of Homes Abbies, and Cloifters. At every door
of this great Temple of Mexico flood a large hall, and
goodly lodgings both high and low round about, which
houfes were common Armories for the City. The Hea-
thens it feems had fo much undemanding as to know that
the force and ftrength of a Town, City, or Country is the
Temple, and therefore they placed there their ftorehoufe of
munition.
They had other dark houfes full of Idols great and fmall,
wrought of fundry metals, which were all bathed and
waihed with blood, and did (hew very black through their
daily fprinkling and anointing them with the fame, when
any man wasfacrificed ; yea and che walls were an inch thick
with blood, and the ground a foot thick of it, fo that there
was a deviliih flench. The Priefts went daily into thofe
Oratories, and fuffered none other but great perfonages to
enter in. And when any fuch went in, they were bound
to offer fome man to be facrificed, that thofe bloody hang-
men and waih their hands in
Miniflers of the Devil migfít
the blood ofthofe and might fprinkle their
fo facrificed,
houfc therewith. For their fervice in the Kitchin they had a
pond of water, that was filled once a year, which was
brought by the Conduit pipes before mentioned, from the
principal fountain. All therefidue of the forefaid circuit
ferved for places to breed fowls, with gardens of herbs and
tweet trees, with rofes and flowers for the Altars j and this isr
alfo the Church oí Romes cuftom and fupetftition, to trim
and desk their Saints and Altars with Garlands and Crowns
of Eoles and other flowers. Such, fo great and ftrange was
06 J New Survey Chap. XI]
this Temple oí Mexico, for the fervice
of the Devil» who ha
deceived thofe fimple Indians. There did refide ( as I fai
before of Monks and Friers in their Cloifters joyningtothei
Churches) in this Temple and houfes joyning to if,contini]
ally five thoufand pcrfons, and all thefe were lodged an
bad their living there ,foi that Temple was marvellous rid
and had divers Towns only for their maintenance, and r<
paracion, and were bound to fuftain the fame always
o
foot. Thefe Towns did fow corn, and maintain all thol
five thóufand perfons with bread, rleih, fifli, and fi«

wood as much as they needed, for they fpent more fir<

wood than was fpent in the Kings Court. Thefe perfor
did live like Romes Abby-lubbers at their hearts eafe, as fei
vanrs and valíais unto the Gods, which were many ; and ever
God had feveral ranks and Orders of Priefts to ierve him , a
the feveral Saints canonized by the Popes of Rome have undi
them diftincl: Religious Orders of Priefts, Dominic^ hat
Dominicans, Francis Francifcans, Benediä Benediótines, Ba
Bernard Bernardines, Anguftin Auguftines, an<
fil Bafilians,
the like.

The Gods of Mexico ( as the Indians reported to the fir!

Spaniards) were two thoufand in number i the chiefeft wer

Vitzilopuchtli, and Tezcatlipuca, vvhofe Images flood high
eft in the Temple uponthe Altars. They were made of flon
in full proportion as big as a Gyant. They were covered
witl
a lawn called Nácar > they were 6:fet with pearls, preciou
ftones, and pieces of gold, wrought like birds, beaft, fiihes
and fbwers, adorned with Emeralds, Turquois, Chalcedons
and other little fine iiones,fo that when the lawn was takei
away, the Images feemed very beautiful and glorious to be-
hold. But mutt I find out Kome&xW among thefe Heathens
and will the Papifts be angry if I tell them plainly tha
what I miflike in thefe Idolatrous Mexicans, 1 miflike ii
them > for do not they deck and adorn their Idol Saints,as thi
heathens did Vitzilopuchtli and Tezcatlipuca ? Do not th«]
cover their woodden and ftony i tatúes, of Saints, and of thi
Virgin Mary with fine lawn ihirts, and hide them witl
<wr tains of cfcch ofGold, and crown them with Crowns o
Silver
Chap. XII. of the Weft-Indies. 117
Silver,and Gold, and enrich them with coftly and precious
fewels and Diamonds ; not confidering that they are the
vorks of their own hands ? Ad quidperdttio b£c ? pour ant
mm venmdari, &
dart pauper 'thus. Thefe two Indian
dolshad for a girdle great Snakes of gold, and for collars or
hains about their necks ten hearts of men made of gold \
indeach of them had a counterfeit Vifor with eyes of glafs,
nd in their necks Death painted. Thefe two Gods were
irethren, fot Tezcatltpuca was the God of Providence, and
r
itzilopucbtli y of the Waisv
God who was worfhipped and
eared more than all the reft. There was another God, who
lad a great Image placed upon the top of the Chappel of
dols, and he was efteemed for a fpecial and Angular God
bove all the reft. This God was made of all kind of feeds
hat grow in that Country i which being ground, they
nade a certain paft tempered with childrens blood and Vir-
¡ins facrificed, who were opened with rafors in their brefts,

nd their hearts taken out, to offer as firft fruits unto the

dol. The Priefts confecrated this idol with great pomp
nd many Ceremonies. All the Cmarcans and Citizens
ircre prefent at the Confecration with great triumph and in-
redible devotion. After the Confecration many devout per-
3ns came and fticked in the doughy Image precious ftones,

sedges of gold, and other Jewels. And after all this pomp
nded, no fecular man might touch that holy Image ; no nor
et come into his Chappel h nay, fcarccly religious perfons,

xcept they were Tlumacaztli^ who were Priefts of Order,

'hey did renew this Image many times with new dough,
iking away the old. And then C like again unto the Pa-
ifts who think themfelves happy with their
Saints reliques,

lough rags or bones ) bleiTed was he that could get one

ieccof the old rags, or a piece of the old dough, for the
rhich there was moft earneft fuits made by the Soldiers 5
rfio thought themfelves fure therewith in the Wars. Alfo
t the confecration of this Idol, a certain
veffel of water was

leííed with many words and ceremonies (perad venture from

lis heathenifo Ceremony came the fuperftitious holy water

> Rome) and that water wasprefcrved very rdigioufly atthe

I , foot
1
u8 A New Survey Chap. XII,
King when he ihould
foot of the Altar, for to confecrate the
be crowned, and alio to bleis any Captain General, when he
ihould be ekóted for the Wars, with only giving him a
draught of that water. And as the Romijb Church make;
much of their dead mens skulls and rotten bones, laying
them up in their Church-yards under iome arches madefoi
that purpofe in the Church-walls, even fo was it here ir
Mexico v for without this Temple, and over againft the prin.
cipal door thereof, a (tones caft diftant flood a Charnel
houfe only of dead mens heads, prifoners in Wars and fa-
Ciiriced with the knife. This monument was made like
unto a Theatre, more large than broad, wrought of lim<
and fione, with afcending fteps > in the walls whereof wa!
graifed betwixt flone and ftone a skull with the teeth out
wards. At the foot and head of this Theatre, were twe
towers made
only of lime and skulls, the teeth outward
which having no other fluff in the wall feemed a flrang<
fight. At and upon the top of the Theatre, were three^
fcore and ten poles, ftanding the one from the other four 01
five footdiflant, and each of them was full of flaves fron
the foot to the top. Each of thefe flaves had others mad»
fait unto them, and every one of them had five skull

broched through the temples. When the Spaniards firft en

tred into Mexico as friends before the death of Montezum
they vifited all thefe monumems and in what they havi
*->

written and tranfmitted to poflerity of that City, it is re

corded of one Andrew de Japia^ and Gonzalo de Vmbrit
that one day they did reckon thefe skulls, and found 5

hundred thirty and fix thoufand skulls on the poles, ftave

and fteps. The other Towers were replenished out of num
berjand there were men appointed, that when oneskul
fell, up another in his place, fo that the number migh
to fet
never wanr. But all thefe Towers and Idols were pullec
down, and confumed with tire, when the Spaniards wai
that City. And certainly they had been more renowned it
deflroyirig thofe Altars of the Devil and thofe Idol Gods, ii

g¡ in their fiead they had not fet up new Idols and Saints o!
ftacks and ftones, and built unto ihem as many morí
Churche
 «
3iap. XII. of the WeíUndies.
up
All there-
burches as (hey found at their coming
thither.

ire that hath been

mentioned hitherto of Montezuma- his
fpacious Market-place/, and
oufes and Gardens, of the
deftroyed and fought
cmples of that City was utterly
ground. But Cortez re-edified it again,
own to the very
and Majefty, but alfo for the name
ot only for the fituation
ereatfame thereof. He divided it among the Con-
nd
rirft taken out places
for Churches, Mar-
uerours, having
Town-houfe and other ncceffary pots to build
et-places,
Commonwealth He feparatcd
oufes, profitable for the
be dwellings of the Spaniards from the :
Í*W,
fo that

ow the water paffeth and maketh dmGon betwxit them.

that were naturalsof the City
of'Me»-
Ie promifed to them
build upon, inheritance,
freedom, and other li-
, plots to
would come and
.«ties and the like unto all thofe that
which was a means to allure many
thither
nhabit there,
Xihuaco, the Genera Captain, and
lefet alfo at liberty
in the City unto whomhe
nade him chief over the Indians
whole ftreet. He gave likewiie another ftreet topo»
rave a
to Montezuma the King.
\dro Montezuma who was fon
of the people. He made
I this was done to win the favour
Wands, and fleece*
,ther Gentlemen Seniors ef little

and in this order

o build upon, and to inhabit,
was reparted, and the work began
he whole fituation
when fame was blown
vithereatioy and diligence. And
the

Mexico ihould be built again, it was a wonder

ibroad that
thither hearing of liberty
and
;o fee the people that reforted
miles
The numbers was fo great that in three
freedom.
:

and women. They la-

:ompafs was nothing but people men
reafon whereof many fick-
boured fore and did eat little, by
tied,and peftilence enfued,
whereof died an inhnite num-
bare ontheir backs and
ber. Their pains wasgreat.for they
after them «ones, earth,
timber lime, buck, and all
drew
other things neceflary in this fort S
And by little and
thoufand houfes
Mexico wis built again with a hundred
building was The
more ftrong and better than the old
the Spamjh rfiQ» too- and
Spaniards built their houfes
after ,

¿arte* built his houfe upon the plot where ifrW*$W

 izo J New Survey Chap. XI]
houfe flood, which renteth now yearly four thoufand due
kats,and is called now the Palace of the Marquefs
Br/ ¿¿ff
the King of Spain having conferred unto Cortez and hi
heirs this title from the great Valley oíGuaxaca. This Pa
lace is fo (lately that ( as I have obferved before
) feve
thoufand beams of Cedar Trees were fpent in it. They
bui!
fair Docks covered over with Arches for the
Vergantines
which Docks for a perpetual memory do remain until thi
day. They dammed up the ftreets of water, where nov
lairhoufes fiand, fo that Mexicois not as it was wont
to bi
and efpecially fince the year 1634. the water cometh no
by far fo near the City as it was wont to come. The
Lak
fometimes cafleth out a vapour of iknch, but otherwife
it i
a wholefom and temperate dwelling, by reafon of the
Moun
tains that iland round about it, and well provided
througi
the fertility of the Countrey, and commodity of
the Lake
So that now is Mwico one ofthegreateft Cities in the World
in extention of the Gruation for Spainifh and Indians
houfei
Not many years after the Con.queft it was the Nobltft Cir
.in all India as well in Arms as Policy, There were former^
at the leafttwo thoufand Citizens, that had each of then
his borle in his fiable with rich furniture for them,
and Arm
in readinefs, Butncwfinceall the Indians ftp and near an
fubdued, and moft of them efpecially about Mexic»
confu
med, and there is no fear of their riling up any more
apainf
the Spaniards^ all arms are forgotten, and the
Spaniards liv<
fo fecure from enemies, that there is neither
pace, Wall
Bulwark, Platform, Tower, Armory, Ammuniton,
oj
Ordnance to fecure and defend the City from a Domeiikfc
orforein enemy; from the latter they think St.
John di
Vlbua fufficient and ftrong enough to fecure them. But
foi
Contraction it. is one of the richeit Cities in the World
to the which by the north-Sea cometh every year from
Spain
a Fleet of near twenty ihips laden with the beft
Commodi-
ties not only o{ Spain but of the moft parts
of Chriftendom,
And by the South-Sea it en joyeth Trafique from all parts of
y Feru > and above all it Trades with the EajiJndia's
and
from thence receiveth the Commodities as well from thofe
parrs
 ;

lap: XH. o/ifoWeft-Itidi'es. m

by from the Coun-
Portuguefe, as
•ts which are inhabited

ts of Japan and China, fendipg every year two great Ga-

'at with two
fmallei Veffels to the tfands of Philippine
return of fueh like íhips. There is
i having every year a
6 in Mexico a Mint-boufe where
Money is daily coined s
d is brought thither in wedges
upon Mules from the Mines
Zacatecas, Handing fourfcore Leagues
lied St. Lewis de
Sacatecas forward
)m Mexico Northward, and yet from
Spaniards entred above a hundred Leagues, con-
ve the
(tore of Mines
lering daily Indian?, where they difcover
called Nova Mexico,
id there they have built a City >
W Mexico. The Indians there are great Warriors, and
It is thought the Spaniard
)ld the Spaniards hard to it.
fatisfied, till he fubdue all the
not be
Country that
ill

ray, which doubtlefs reacheth to our plantations of Virginia,

continent land.*
id' the reft, being the fame continued
'here is yet more in Mexico, a fair
School, which now is
Antonio dt Men-
lade an Univerfity, which the Viceroy Von
oza caufed to be built. At the rebuilding of this City
here was a great difference betwixt an
Inhabitant of Mexico
nd a Conqueror i for a Conqueror was a name of ho»
jour, and had lands and rents given
him and tohispoik-
the King of Spain, and the Inhabitant or
onlydwel-
ityby
er paid rent for his houfe. And this hath filled all thofe

partsof America with proud Vons and Gentlemen to this

day, for every one will call himfelf a dependent from
a
Conqueror, though he be as poor as Job y and ask him
what is become of his Eftate and fortune, he will anfwer
take
that fortune hath taken it away, which ihail never
away a Von from him. Nay a poor Cobler or Carrier that
iuns about the Countrey far and near getting his living
with
half a dozen Mules, if he be called Mendoza, or Guzman*
will fwear that he defcended from thofe Dukes houfes in
Spain, and that his Grand- fathei came from thence to Gon-
quer, and fubdued whole Countries to the Crown of Spain*
thoughjiow fortune hath frowned upon him, and covered
his ifags with a thred-bare Cloak. When Mexico was re-
built, and Judges, Aldermen 3 Attorns^ TWn
Clerks 5
Notaries^
 i ¿i A Tslew Survey Chap; X
Notaries, Scavengers, and Serjeants with all other Offic<
neceffary for the Common-weal of a
City were appointc
the fame of Cortez and Majefty of the
City was blov
abroad into far Provinces, by means whereof
it was foon i
plemftied with Indians again, and
with Spaniards fro
Spam, who foon Conquered above four hundred
Leagu
of Land, being all governed by the Princely
Seat of Mexic
But unce that firft rebuilding, I may fay it is now rebui
the fecond time by Spaniards, who have
confumed moft <

the Indians \ fo that now! will not dare

to fay there are
hundred thoufand houfes which foon after the
Conque
were built up, for moft of them were of Indians.
Noi
the Indians that live there, live in the fuburbs
of the City,an.
their fituat ion is called Guadalupe . In the year i6 2 k. whei
I went to thofe parts, this Suburb was
judged to contain fiv
thoufand inhabitants i But fince moft of them have
beei
confumed by the Spaniards hard ufage and the work
of rh«
Lake. So that now there may not be above two
thoufand In-
habitants of meet Indians, and a thoufand
offuchasthej
call there Mejlizos, who are ofamixt nature of Spaniards
and Indians, for many poor Spaniards marry with Indian
women, and others that marry them not but hate their huf-
bands, find many tricks to convey away an innocent Vriah
f o enjoy his Bathfbeba.
The Spaniards daily couzen them oí
the fmall plot of ground where their houfes
ftand, and of
three or four houfes of Indians build up one good and
fair
houfe after the Spanijh faihion with Gardens and Orchards.
And fo is almoft all Mexico new built with very fair and
fpacious houfes with Gardens of recreation.
Their buildings
are with «one, and brick very ftrong,
but not high, by
reafonof the many Earth-quakes, which would indanger
their houfes if they were above three (lories
high. Theftreets
are very broad, in the narroweft of them three
Coaches may
go, and in the broader fix may go in the breadth
of them,
which makes the City feem a great deal bigger than it is. In
my time it was thought to be of between thirty and forty
thoufand inhabitants Spaniards, who are fo proud
and rich,
that half rhe Citf was judged to keep
Coaches, for it was a*
moft
 ap: XII. ©/"tkWeft-Indíes. itj
credible report that in Mexico in my
time there were
t
It is a by-word that at
ve fifteen thoufand Coaches.
«ito there are four
things fair, that is to fay, the wo-
ftreets. But to this I may
i the apparel, the)borfes,and the
i'the beauty of fome of
the Coaches of the Gentry, which

exceed in coft the beft of the Court of

Madrid and othef
ts of Chriikndom; for
there they fpare no Silver, nor

,]d, nor precious

ftones, nor Cloth of Gold, nor the Deft

is fromChina to enrich them. And to the gallantry of

coft of bridles,
¡r horfes the pride of fome doth add the
1 (hoes of filver. The ftreets of Chriikndom muft not
but efpecial-
upare with thofe in breadth and cleannefs,
the riches of the (hops which do adorn trjem. Above
in
the Goldfmiths ihops and works are to be admired. The
iians and the people of China that have been made
,

tiriftians and every year come thither, have perfected the

uniatds in that Trade. The Viceroy that went thither
e year 1625. caufed a Popinjay to be made of filver,

)ld, and precious ftones with

the perfect colours of the Po-
feathers, (a bird bigger thanaPheafant)
with fuch
mays
tquifite art and peife&ion, to prefent unto the King of
pain, that was prized to be worth in riches and work-
it

lanihiphalf a Million of Duckats. There is in the Gloifter

f the Dominicans a lamp hanging in
the Church with

bree hundred branches wrought in filver to hold fo many

in it,
Indies, befides an hundred little lamps foroyl fet
fo ex-
very one being made with feveral workmanihip
luifitely, that it is valued tobe
worth four hundred fhou-
änd Duckats i and with fuch like curious works are many
Greets made more rich and beautiful from
the ihops of

Goldfmiths. To the by- word touching the beauty of the

women I muft add the liberty they enjoy for gaming, which
is fuch that the day and night is «00
ihort for them to end a

Primera when once it is begun h nay gaming is fo common

to them that they inviteGentlemen to their houfesfor no
other end. To my happened that pafling along the
felf it

ftreets in company with a Frier that came with me that year

from Spain, a Gentlewoman of great birth knowing us to
be
 J 24 A New Survey Chap. XI
be CbaMons ( fo they call the firft year thofe
that comefro;
sP"n) from her window called unto us, and after
two (

three flight queftions concerning Spain,

asked us if we wod
come in and play with her a Game at Primera*
Both mc
and women areexceilive in their apparel, ufing
more fill
than fluffs and doth i precious
Stones and Pearls furth<
much this their vain oftentation
hat-band and rofe
i a mad
of Diamonds in a
Gentlemans hat is common,and a hat-ban.
of Pearlsis ordinary in 3 Tradefman
s nay a Blackmore
fauny young maid and flave will make hard ihift
but ft
Will be in fafliion with her Neckchain
and Bracelets of Pearls
and her Ear-bobs of fome confiderablc
Jewels! The attireo
this b^fer fort of people of
Blackmoors and MulattVsf which
are of a mixt-naiure, of Spaniards
and Blackmoors) is ft
light, and their carriage fo enticing,
that many Spaniard
even of the better fort ( who are too
too prone to Venery J
diidain their Wives for them.
Their cloathing is a Petty-
cost, of Silk or Cloath, with
many filver or golden Laces,
with a very broad double Ribband of
fome light colour,
with long filver or golden Tags hanging
down before, the
whole length of their
Pettycoat to the ground, and the like
behind i their Waftcoats made like
bodies, with skirts, la-
ced hkewifc with gold or filver,
without fleeves, and a
girdle about their body of great
price ftuck with Pearls and
Knots of Gold, (if they be any ways
well efteemedof )
their fleeves are broad and open at the end, of Holland or
fine Cfofftflmncn,
wrought fome with coloured filks, fome
:

with lilfe and gold, fome with filk and filver,

hanging down
a?moit unto the ground i the locks of
their heads are cover-
ed with fome wrought quoif, and over
it another of net-
work of filk bound with a fair filk, or filver
or golden
ribband wmch croffeth the upper part of
their forehead ; and
hath commonly worked out in letters
fome lightand fool-
P fie J thdr ba e ' black and taun y brefts are corr-
-

a Í •
L°
ed with bobs hanging from their chains
of pearls. And
when they go abroad, ufe a white man-tie of
lawn or
cambrick rounded with a broad lace, which
fome put over
their heads, the breadth, reaching
only their middle be-
hind.
,ap.Xlt. of the Weft-Indies. 125
that their girdle and ribbands
may be feen, and the
d
D ends before
reaching to the ground almoft ; ©thers caí*
ir mantles only upon their fhoulders, and fwaggerers like,
i (he one
end over the left moulder, that they may the bet-
ioe the right arm, and (hew their broad-fleeve as they
mantle ufe fome rich
lkaiongi others inftead of this
filk

ttycoat,
tohangupontheirleftihoulder, while with their?
part of it, more like roaring
htarrn they fupport the lower
Their ihoes are high and of ma-
ys thanhoneit civil maids.
fort are plated
tóles the outfide whereof of the profaner
ith a lift of filver, which is fanned with fmall nails of
oad filver heads. Moft of thefe are or have been Haves,
liberty, to enflave fouls to
ouah love has fet them loofe at
1 and Satan.
And there are fo many of this kind both
to a height of pride and vanity ,that
ien and women grown
feared they would rife upand
uny times the Spaniards have
them. And for theloofenefs of their lives,and
lutiny againft
ublick fcandalscommitted by them and the better fort of the
fay often who have profeffed
tardarás, I have heard them
lore religion and fear of
Gad, they verily thought God
rould deftroy that City, and
give up the Country into the

ower of fome other Nation. .;-;/:''.

I will not relate particulars of their oblcene and Icandalous,

ea and publick carriages which would offend my Readers
>atiencc,and make his ears to tingle i only 1 fay, certainly
3od is offended with that fecond Sodom, whofe inhabitants
with
hough now they be like the green bay tree flouriibing
ewels, pearls, gold, filver, and all
wordly pleafuresi
and wither as the
theyfhaVfoon he cut dorvnlik$ the graft,
mm herb, Ffal. 37. 2. And though their great Matter
outward happmefs and
and Cardinal BeVarmine make
ftouriihing a mark and note of a
true Church and Congre-

gation of Gods People-, and of my

(elf I could fay with

Vauid in the 7?. fyl- 2 > 3- whsn s lived blis dl

? /
a *W#
them, My feet were almoft gone, my feet bad well-mgb
fiipt; for I was envious at the foolifh,whm I ¡aw tbc pro-
being enlightncd in a more
perty of the wic\ed yet now \

Cure and certain truth, I will conclude of

them, as Vavii
ot
 ii¿ A New Survey Chap. J
of the flourifhing wicked men of his time in the
fame Pfi
the lé, i>\ 1 8. Verfes, When I thought
u hiow this
wtf too painful for me, tiü I went into
th Santluan
God, then underwood I their end. Surely thou didlt
tn frippery places i thou caVeftthem
fet Ú
down to defirumon -
A
I doubt not but the flourifhing of
Mexico in coaches hi
ie?, ftreets, women, and apparel
is very flippery,
and v
makethofe proud inhabitants flip an d fall
into the pov
and dominion of fome other Prince of
this world a
hereafter in the world to come, into c r\
t!¿c ^l hands
an angry Judge, who is the King of
Kings a. . Lord
Lord», wh.ch Paul faith Heb i
31. *a fearful thir
.

For this City doth not only flouriih in the

ways aforcfai
but alio in their fuperftitious worihipping
of God and Sain
they exceed Rome it felf, and all other
places of Chrifte
dom. And it is a thing which have very much at
I
carefully obferVed in all my travels
both in Europe ar
America, that in thofe Cities wherein
there is moft lew
Iicentioufnefs oí life
i there is alfo moft coft in the Temple
and molt publick fuperftitious worihipping
of God andi
the Saints.
Itfeems that Religion teachcth that all
wickednefs is I
lo wable, fo theChurches and Clergy flourifh i nay while
tfi
purfe is open to iafcivioufnefs, if it be likewife
opened to ei
rich the temple walls and roofs, this is
better than any thei
holy water to waih away the hlth of the
other. Rom
is held to be head of fuperfiition j and
what iiatel
Churches, Chappel*, and Cloitfers are in it
T what fail
ings, whatpioceflions, what appearances of devotion > an<
on the other fide, what liberty, what profanenefs,
wha
whoredoms, nay what fins oí Sodom are committed
in it
Infcmuch that it could be the faying of a Frier
to my fd
while I was in it, that he verily thought there
was no om
City in the world wherein were more Atheifts
than in Rome,
I might fticw this truth in. Madrid,
Sevil, Valadolid and
other famous Cities in Spain, and in Italy, in
Milan, Genoa
and Naples, relating many inlhnces of (candáis
committed
in thofe places, and yet the Temples mightily enriched by
fuch
 hap. XII. of the Weft-Indies, 127
:h who have thought thofe alms a fufficicnt warrant to free
em from Hell and Purgatory. But
muí) return to
I

exics which is mitie teftu and wickednefs

of this truth, fin

lounding in it i and yet no fuch people in the world to-

aid the Church and Clergy, who in their life time ftrive
I
exceed one another in their gifts to the Gloiftcrs of Nuns
id Friers, fome erecting Altars to their beft devoted
lints, worth many thoufand thouiand duckats, others pre-

nting crowns of gold to the pictures of Mary, others

mps, others golden chains, others building Gloifters at
leir own charge, others repairing 'hem, others at their

:ath leaving to them two or three thoufand duckats for an

inual ftipend. Among thefe great Benefa&ors to the
lurches of that City I fhould wrong my Hiftory if I (hould
>rgetone that lived in my time, called Alonfo CuSar^ who
'as reported to have a Clofet in his houfe laid with bars of

old inftead of bricks > though indeed it was not fo, but

nly reported for his abundant riches and ftore of bars off
old which he had in one cheft ftanding in a clofet diftant
rom another, where he had a cheft full of wedges of ill-
er, This man alone built a Nunnery of Francifcan Nuns 9
irhich ftood him in above thirty thoufand duckats, and left

into it for the maintenance of the Nuns two thoufnd due-*

;ats yearly, with obligation of fome MaiTes, to be faid in the

Church every year for his foul after his deceafe. And yet
his mans life was to fcandalous, that commouly in the night
vith two fervants he would round the City, vifiting fuch
candalous perfons whofe attire before hath been defcribed,
arrying his beads in his hands, and at every houfe letting,
all a bead, and tying a falfe knot, that when he came
lome in the morning towards break of the day he might
number by his beads the uncivil nations he had walked and
irifited that night. But thefe his works of darknefs came to
light, and were publiftied far and near for what happened

unto him whilft 1 was in Mexico j for one night meeting

at one of his ftations with a Gentleman that was jealous of

him, fwordson both fides were drawn, the Concubine firft

was flatbed by the Gentleman who was better manned and
attended *
 r

í*8 J New Survey Chap. J

attended-, and CtteVar (who was
but a Merchant) i
mortally wounded and left for dead,
though afterwa
he recovered. Great Alms and liberality
towards Religl
Houtes in that City commonly are coupled
with great a
fcandalous wickednefs. They wallow in the bed of
ric
and wealth, and make their Alms the Coverlet
to cover tfi
lop e and lafcivious lives. From hence are the Churches
fairly built and adorned, There^ are not above fl
Churches and Chappels, Cloifters and
Nunneries, and I
nib Churches in rhatCity; butthofe that
are there are i
faireft that ever my eyes beheld, the roofs
and beams bei
m many of themall daubed With gold,
and many Alt»
with fundry marble pillars, and others with
Brafil woi
flays (landingone above another with Tabernacles
for I

vera! Saints richlywrought with golden colours, fo

th
twenty thouiand Duckats is a common
price of many
them. Thefe caufe admiration in the common
fort of pe
pie, and admiration brings on daily
adoration in them
thole glorious fpeéhcles and images of
:
Saints i fo Satan (ha
Chnft all the glory of the Kingdoms to entice
him to adm
ration, and then AÜ thefe things will
I givi thee, if thou m
fall down and mrjbip me, Mat. 4.
all the world to be adored.
8, 9m The Devil will
e ™
Befides thefe beautiful buildings,
the inward riches bi
longing to the Altars are infinite in price
and value, fuch 1
Copes, Canopies, Hangings Altar-cloths,
Candleirick
Jewels belonging to the Saints, and crowns of
gold and 11
ver, and Tabernacles of gold and
Cryftal to carry aboi
their Sacrament in Proceflion, all
which would mount
the worth of a reafonable Mine offilvcr, and
would be
rich prey for any nation that could
make better ufe c
wealth and riches. 1 willnotfpeak much
of the lives of th
triers and Nuns of that City, but only
that there they enp
more liberty than in the parts of Europe
( where yet the!
have too much ) and that furcly the fcandals
committed bj
them do cry up to heaven for vengeance, judgment and
c de-
ilrucrion.
In my time in the Cloiirer of the Mcrcenarian
Frier;
w|l!C[
Ihap. XII. o/ík
of the Weit-IndiesJ
Weft-Indies, 1 1$
hich is entitled Redemption of Captives, there
for the

anced to be an election of a Provincial to rule over them,

Cloifters about
the which all the Priors and heads of the
their various and
e country had reforted, andfuch was
aious d liferent ; that upon the fuddain all the Con-
;nt was in an uproar, their
Canonical election was tur-
•d to mutiny and ftrife, knives were drawn,, many

ounded, the fcandal and danger of murther fo great,

his authoriiy and
at the Viceroy was fain to interpofe
fit amongft them and guard the Cloifter until their
rovincial was elc&ed. it is ordinary for the Fryers to
fit devoted Nuns , and to fpend whole days with
their
iem, hearing their mufick, feeding on
their fwect-meats,

id for this purpofe they have many

chambers which they
'll
to talk in, with wooden bars between
Loquutorios,
ie Nuns and them, and in thefe chambers are tables for
ie Fryers to dine at j and
while they dine, the Nuns re-
cate them with their voices. Gentlemen and Citizens
ive their daughters to be brought
up in thefe Nunneries,
all forts of Conferves and
'here they are taught to make
referves/ all forts of mufick, which is fo exquifite
in that

I dare be bold to fay,

that that the people are drawn
iity,

) Churches more for the delight of the mufick, thaft

their
ir any delight in the fervice
of God. More, they teach thefe
:wng children to a& like players, and to entice the people
their Churches, mike theie children to ad íhort
día-
>

>gues in their Quires, richly attiring them with

mens and
'omens apparel, especially, upon Midfummer-day,and the
ght days before their Chriftrnas, which is fo
gallantly

erformed, that many faótious ftrifes, and fingís com-

ics have been, and fome werein my time, for defending
rhich of thefe Nunneries moil excelled in mufick,
and in
ie up of children. No delights are wanting ill
training
lat City abroad in the world, nor in their Churches,
rhich íhoüld be the houfs oí God, and the foul?,
not the

:nfes delight. .

The chief place in the City is the Market-place^ which

iiouah it be not as foacious as in Monuzuma his time,
;'•':. K yet
ijo J New Survey Chap; XII,
yet is day very fair and wide, built all with Archei
at this
on the one fide, where people may walk dry in time
o
rain, and (here are (hops of Merchants furnifted
with al
forts of fiufFs and filks, and befóte them fit
women felling
all manner of fruits and herbs over againft thefe (hop'
i

and Arches is the Viceroy his Palace, which taketh

uf
almoft the whole length of the market with the walls
ol
the houle and of the gardens belonging to it. At the enc
of the Viceroy his Palace, is the chief Prifon which is firon£
of none work. Next to this is the beautiful fireet called
la Vlateria, or Goldfmiths firtet, where a mans eye
maj
behold in Ids than an hour many millions worth of gold,
filver, pearls and jewels. The fireet of St. Austin is iicf
and comely, where live all that trade in filks i but one
ol
the longeft and broadeft (beets is the fireet called
Tacuba
where almoft all the (hops are of Ironmongers, and ol
fiich as deal in brafs and which is joyning to thofc
fteel,
Arches whereon the water conveyed into the City, and
is

is fo cailed for that it is ü\q way out

of the City to a Town
called tacuba and this fireet is mentioned far and near
>

not fo much for the length and breadth of it, as for a

imall commodity of needles which are made
there, and
for proof are the beftof all thofe parts. For fiately
building*
the fireet called del Aquila, the fireet of the
eagle, ex-
ceeds the reft, where live Gentlemen, and
Courtiers
and Judges belonging to the Chancery, and is the palaa
of the Marquefs del Falle from the line of
Ferdinandt
Cortez; this tireet is fo called from an old Idol
an Eagle
oí ftone which from die conqueft lieth in a corner of
thai
fireet, and is twice io big as London-
(lone. The gallants
or this City (hew themfelvcs daily fome
on horfe-back
and mod in coaches about four cf the clock in
the aftep
noon in a plcafant toady field, called la Alameda, full
ol
trees and walks, fomewhat like unto
our More-field/.
where do meet as conftantly as the Merchants upon oui
Exchange about two thoufand Coaches, full of
Gallants,
Ladies, and Citizens, to fee and to be feen,
to court and
to be courted, the Gentlemen having
their train oí Black:
Chap. XII. of the Weft-Indies.' i } i

flaves fome a dozen, fome half a

dozen, waking o»
war
Liveries heavy with gold and
•hem, in brave and gallant
llver'lace, with filk tlcckings on their black legs, and ro~
and fwords by their fides the Ladies
fes on their feet, -,

fide of fuch jet-

ilfo carry their train by their Coaches
Damfels as before have been mentioned for their light
like

apparel, who with their bravery and white mantles over

to be, as the Spaniard faith, mo¡ca en lecbe,
a
them feem
flie in milk. But the train of (he Viceroy who often goeth
ftately, which fome fay is as
to this place is wonderful
of his Mafter the King oí Spain. At this
great as the train
of fweet- meats and
meeting are carryed gbout many forts
of comfits to be fold, for to reliih a cup
of cool
papers
curious glaííes to cool tne
water, which is cried about in
blood 'of thofe love-hot Gallants.
But many times ihefe
fweetned with conserves and comfits have
their meetings
jealoufie will not fuffer a
four fauce at the end, for
fpoken to,
Lady to be courted, no nor fometimes to be
but puts fury into the violent hand to
draw afwerdoc
dagger, and to ftab or murther whom he was jealous of,
are prefently
and when one (word is drawn thoufands
murthercd
drawn, fome to right the party wounded or j
othersto defend the party murthering, whofc friends will
will guard him
not permit him to be apprehended, but
with drawn fwords untill they have conveyed him to the
Sanduary of fome Church, from whence the Viceroy his
power is not able to take him for a legal tryal.
Many of thefe fudden sMrmiihes happened whim i
lived about Mexico; of which City a
whole volume might
be compiled, but that by other Authors much hath been
written, and I defire not to fill my
Hiltory with trines*
1 may not
but only with what is moft remarkable in it.
of upon a lake, to tell that
omit yet, from the fituation it

paflage under all theftreets of

certainly the water hath its

it i for toward of St. Au$\n, and the lower parts

the ftreet
in my time before
of the City, 1 can confidently aver that
the removing of the Lake thofe that died were rather
with
drowned than buried 3 for a grave could not be digged
K i W
ijz J New Survey Chap. XIF
an ordinary graves depth, but they met with water,
anc
I was eye-witnefs of many thus buried, whofe
coffin
were covered with water. And this isfo apparent
that hac
not the Cloifter of the Augujiines often been repaired
anc
almort rebuilt, it had quite funk by this. In my time i
was a repairing, and I fa w the old pillars had
fu'nk verj
low, upon the which they were then laying new
founda
tions, and I was credibly informed that
that was thethirc
time that new pillars had been ereded upon the
old whicr
were quite funk away. This City harh but three
way
to come unto it by Caufey \ the one is from
the Weft, anc
that Caufey is a mile and a half long.
Another from th<
North, and contained! three miles in length.
Eaftwarc
the City hath no entry \ but Southward the
Caufey is ñvt
mile* long, which was the way that Cortesa entred into if
when he conquered it.
The fruit called Nmbtli ( whereof I have fpoken
before,
and fome fay this City was called Tenucklitan '
from it
though it be in nioft parts of America, yea and
now in
Spain, yet in no place there is more abundance
of it than
in Mexico, and it is abfolutely one
ofthebeft fruits in it
It is like unto the Fig, and fo hath many
little kernels
or grains wirhin, but they are fomewhat larger and
crowned unto a Medler. There are of them of fundry
like
colours, iome are green without, and
carnation-like with-
in, which have a good ufte. Others are yellow, and
others white, and iome fpeckled ; the beft
fort are the
white i it is a fruit will laft long. Some of
them taftc
of Pears, and other fome of Grapes. It
isa cold and a
freih fruitand beil efteemed in the heat of Summer. The
Spaniards do more efteem them than the
Indians. The
more the ground is laboured where they grow,
the fruit
is fo much the better. There is yet another kind of this
fruit red, and that is nothing fo much
efteemed, although
his tafte is not evil \ but becaufe it doth colour and die the
eaters mouth, lips and apparel, yea and maketh the Urine
look like pure blood. Many Spaniards at their firft coming
Mto India, and eating this fruit, were amazed and at
their
 »

:hap. XII. of the Weft-Indies, 1

3 $

leir wits end, thinking that all the blood in their bodies
jme out into Urine i yea and many Phyfitians at their fiift
jming were of the fame belief. And it hath happened
rhcn they have been fent for unto fuch as have eaten
lis fruit, they not knowing the caufe, and
beholding the
Irine, by and by they have adminiííred medicines to
aunch blood i a thing to laugh at, to fee Phytitians fo
eceived. The skin of the outfide is thick and full of little
nail prickles, and when it is cut downright with one
cut

3 the kernels, with one finger you may unckave the

rhole skin round about without breaking if, and take
ut the fruit to eat. The Spaniards ufe to jeii with ftran-
ers, taking half a dozen of them, and rubbing them in
a

apkin, thofe fmall prickles which can fearce be feenor

erceived ftick invifibly utvo the napkin, wherewith a
lan wiping his to drink, thofe little prickUs flick
mouth
i feem to fow them up together, and
his lips fo that they
lake him for a while faulter in hisfpe.ch, till with much
abbing and wafhing they come off. There is snother fruit
wice of the bignefs of a great Warden, which they call
be growing Manjer Blanco, or white meat, which is a
ainty di(h made by them with the white of a Capon,
keam, and Rice, and Sugar and fweet-meats, much like
which tafteth this fruit. It is as fweei as any hony,
rtfo the

nd diflblves hke melted fnow in the mouth into a juyce

noft lufcious; within, of hard black kernels or
it is full

Iones, which being cracked are and thefc not joyned

bitter,

ogether, but by divifion one from another, each one ha-

ing a bag, or little skin difcerning them in their ranks
nd orders, fo that when you cut this fruit in the middle
t reprefents a Chequer-board with black and whiter the
vhite fuckt or eaten and the kernels thrown away. But
is

cannot forget that whbh they call V'mia, or Pine-apple

lot the Pine- apple of the high Pine-tree, but a Pine-apple,
hat groweth upon a lower ihrub with prickly leaves, and
s bigger than our biggeft Muskmelons in England, when
t is ripe-, it is yellow without and within i without it is

ull of little bunches, and within fo juicy and cool that

K %
nothing
¿54 J New Surrey Chap. XII.
nothing mote dangerous than to eat much of it. Befow they
eat it, they cut it in round flices, and lay it a while in
fait and water, and fo being fcoured half an hour in that

fait and water, which taketh much of the rawnefs and cold-
nefs from itj and then putting it into diihes with more frefli
water they eat it thus. But the better way of earing it, is
preferved, which is abfolutely the beft prcferve in all that
Country. There is alfo the Grape, ( though they make not
wine of it J the Apple, the Pear, the Quince, the Peach, the
1

Apricock, the Pomegranate, the Muskmelon, the Plantin,

the Fig, the Walnut, the Cheinut, the Orange, the Le-
mon both four and fweet, the Citron in great abundance.
Moit of the fruits of Europe, and as many more which
Europe never knew. About Mexico more than in any o-
ther part groweth that excellent tree called Met I ,which
they plaát and drefs as they do their Vines in Europe. It
hath near forty kinds of leaves, which ferve for many ufes i
for when they be tender they make of them Conferves,
Paper, Flax, Mantles, M¿ts,Shooes, Girdles, and Cordage.
On grow certain prickles fo ftrong and iharp
thefe leaves
that they ufe them inftead of faws from the root of this
:

tree cometh a juyce like to fyrup, which beingfod will

beqome Sugar. You may alfo make of it Wine and Vinegar.
Tile Indians often become drunk with it. The rine rotted
healeih hurts and fores, and from the top boughs iiTueth a
Gum, which is an excellent antidote againftpoyfon. There
is nothing in Mexico and about it warning which may make

a City happy i and certainly had thofe that have fo much

extolled with their pens the parts of Granada in Spain, Lorn-
hardy and Florence in Itdy y
making them ú\t earthly Para-
dife, had they been acquainted with the new World and
with Mexia, they would hr. e recanted their untruths.
r

O that the Lord were truly worlhipped where he hath

poured dnh the treafnnes of his goodnefs for the children
of men! O that in (hit Eden the tempting and enticing
Se;p nt were not fo much obeyed in the ufe of the fail
feeming Apple of pleafures, and the Lord that hath en-
riched it with fuch varieties fo much neglected 1How long.
 XIL of the
Weft-Indies. Y35
:hap.
line of the wicked flou-
) Lord God, how long (hall the
portion be fain to Idolaters and to the
rih, and the beft

workers of iniquity / mttfi .,.

andof aVice-
This City is the feat of an Archbiíhop,
great Nobleman of Spain,
oy, who commonly is fome
Ordinances, to give
vhofe power is to make Laws and
controverfies, ui.lefs it be in Inch
liredions and determine
rreat caufes, which are
thought fit to be referred to the
Council of Spain. And though their be about the Country
nany Governments withfeveral Governors, yet they are
and there are at leaft four
tllfubordinate to this Viceroy,
by the princely Seat
lundrcd leagues of land all governed
>f Mexico : moft of the
Governors about the Country being
the Viceroy's Creatures, placed by
him, do contribute great
Ukcwife do all the
fes and bribes for their preferment i ío
or wrong proceedings depend upon the
'eft whofe right
Viceroy his clemency and mercy in judging the daily ap-
pealsof Tuftice which come unto him.
The King of Spam
Exchequer yearly a hundred thoufand
íilows him out of his
being but five years.
duckats whilft he governs-, his time
oí Spain,
But commonly with their bribes to the Courtiers
or the India /, they
and to the Counfellors for the Eftate
foretimes of ten.
eet a prorogation of five years more, and
It is incredible to thinkwhat this Viceroy may get a year
hundred thoufand duckats ot rent,
in that place, befides his
if he be a man covetous and given
to trading, ( as moft ot
commodi-
them are ) for then they will be Matters of what
theypleafe, and none elfe foall deal in
them, but them-
ties
time, who
felvesi as did the Marquis oiSerralvo in my
was the beft Monopolift of fait that ever thole parts knew.
This man was thought to get a Million a year, what with
gifts and prefents, what with his Trading loSpainzm
FbilippiHat. He governed ten years, and in this time he
fent \o the King of Spain a Popinjay
worth half a Milion,
Million to the
and in one year more he fent the worth of a
Count oí Olivares, and other Courtiers to obtain a proro-

gation for five years more. Befides the Viceroy there are

commonly fix Judges and a Kings Attorney, who are al-

K4 lowed
 y\6 A New Survey Chap. XII
lowed out of the Kings Exchequer yearly twelve
thoufand
duckats a piece rent, betides two Alcaldes
de Cortt, or higi
Jufticcs,who with the Viceroy judge all Chancery andcri
minal caufes. But thefe, though united
together they ma]
oppofe the Viceroy in any unlawful and
unjuftiflable acftion
asióme have done, and have fmartcd for if, yet
common.
they dare not; So that he doth what he
Jy liik-th,and ii
isenough for him to fay, Stat pro rat tone voluntas
Thi<
power joyned with covetoufnefs in the Viceroy,
and three-
ufand duc k^ts yearly, joyned with pride
a ?l t
Archbiihop, was like to be the ruin of that City in
in the
rh(
year 16*4. Then was the Count oí O elves Viceroy, and
Von Alonfo de Zema Archbiihop, whole two powers
thl
ving and finking at one another hketwo flints,
had almofl
brought to combuQion that gallant City, and
did fet on
fire the Viceroy's Palace, and the
Prifon joyning to it.
The ftory was which may be profitable for other
thus,
Nations, fo beware of covetous Governours and
proud Pre-
lates i and therefore I thought tic to
infere it here. The
Count of Gehes was in fome things one of the belt
Vice-
roys and Governours that ever the Court of
Spain tokm
America, for he was caiied by the Spaniards, El
terrible
Jufiicteroy, fuego de Ladionei, that is, terrible for Juftice
and hre to confume al! Thieves. For he cleared all
the high-
ways of Thieves, hanging them as often as they were
caught
without mercy, and did fend out Troops and
Officers to
apprehend them, fo that it was generally
reported that
fince the conqueir unto chofe days of
his there had never
been iomany Thieve? and Malefactors hanged
up as in his
time. So in all other points of juilicehe was
fevereand
upright. But yet covetoufnefs did fo blind
him not to fee his
own mjuilice, that before he could fee it, he had brought
the City of Mexico and the whole Kingdom
to a danger of
rebellion. What he would not to 6e iecn in himfelf he
a&ed by others his inttuments. And one of them
was'one
Van Pedro Mexia, a mighty rich Gentleman of

*
whom he chofe to joyn with him in monopolizing all
MWi and Wheat about the Country, Don Pedro
Mexico,
the

Mexia
hap. XIL of the Weft-Indie» Í37
xia of the Indians brought at the price he lift their Maíz,
1 the Wheat ofthe Spaniards he bought it according to
that land to be
it price at which it is taxed by the law of
in time of famine vwhichisat
fourteen Rials a
d \t
(hd,.( not much there conlldering the abun-
which is

nce of gold and filver ) at which price the

Farmers and
sbandmen knowing it to be a plentiful year, were glad
d willing to fell unto him their wheat, not
knowing
bat theend would be, and others fearing to gainfay him,
horn they knew to be the Viceroys Favorite. Thus Von
>dro Mexia rilled all which he bad hired about
his barns

e Country, and himfdf and

the Viceroy became owners
:
all the wheat. He had his officers
appointed to bring it
to the Markets upon his warning,
and that was when
ime fmall remnants that had efcaped his fingers
were fold,
id the price raifed. Then hoifed he his price, and doubled
above what had cofthim.The poor begaft to complain,
it

je rich to the tax of the law was moved in the

murmur,
iourt of Chancery before the Viceroy. But he
being privy to
Monopoly expounded the law to be underftood in time
\t

f famine, and that he was informed,

that it was a plentiful

ear as ever had been, and that to his knowledge there

Es as much brought into the Markets as ever had been,
nd plenty enough for Mexico and all the Countrey. Thus
yas the law flighted, the rich mocked, the poor oppreffed,
nd none fold wheat but Von Pedro Mexia his officers for
limfelf and the Viceroy. When Jufíice would be no father,
he people go to their mother the Church i and having
mderftood the bufinefs better, and that it was Von Pedro
Mexia, who did tyrannize and opprefs them with the
Viceroy his favour, they intreat the Archbifhop to make
ta cale of Confcience, and to reduce it to a Church cen-
tre, Don Alonfo de Zerna the Archbiihop, who had
always flomached Don Pedro Mexia and the Viceroy, to
them to excommunicate Don
pleafe the people, granted to
Pedro Mexia, and fo lent out bills of excommunication to
be fixed upon all the Church doors againft Don Pedro ; who
not regarding the excommunication, and keeping clofe at
home
 i?8 A New Survey Chap. X
home, and flill felling his wheat, railing
higher the pr
than it was before the Archbi(hop raifed
:,
his cenf,
higher agamil him, adding to it a Bill
of Cejjatio a dim
that is, a ceflation from all divine
fcrvice. This Ceniure
fo great with them, that it is never ufed but
for iome si
mans fake, who
contumacious and üubborn in his wai
is

contemning the power oí the Church.

Then are all 3
Church doors íhüt up, Clef the City be never
fo great
no Maffes are kid, no prayers ufed, no preaching
permi
ted,no meetings allowed for any publkk devotion
or ca
Jing upon God. Their Church mourns as it were, ar.
makes no ihew of fpiritual joy and comfort, nor
of ar
communion of prayers one with another, fo long as
tr
party continues ilubborn and rebellious in
his fin an
icandal, and in not yielding to the Churches
cenfure. An
further whereas by this ceífation a dividí,
many Churche
and efpecially Cloiilers fufFer in the- means of their Hveli
hood, who live upon what is dayly given for the Maifc
they fay, and in a Cloitfer where thirty or forty
Priefts fa'
Mais, fo many pieces of Eight or Crowns in
Mexico d.
dayly come in-, therefore this cenfure or
cetfatio ä divfois'i
fo ¡nfli&ed upon the whole Church
( all fuffering for it a
they fay in fpiritual, and fome in temporal ways
J thai
the party offending or fcandalizing, for whofe
fake thii
curie is laid upon all, is bound to fatisfie all Priefts and
Cloiiterswhich In the way aforefaid futfer, and to allow
them fo much out ofhismsans, as they might have dayly
got by felling away their Maffes for fo many
crowns for
their dayly livelihood. To this would the
Archbiihop have
b: ought Don Pedro Mexia, to have emptied
out of his purfe '

near a thouiand crowns dayly, towards the maintenance

of
about a thoufand Prieits fo many there may be in("
Mexico )
who from the Altar fell away their bread-God to fatisfie
with bread and food their hungry ftomachs. And fecondly
by the peoples fuffering in their fpiritual comfort, and non-
communion of prayers and idolatrous W6r(hip,he thought
to m¿ke Von Pedro Mexia odious to the People.
Don Pedro
perceiving the ipiteful intents of che Aíchbiíhop, and
hearing
lap. XIL o/ffceWeft-Itidies: 139
ftreets againft him,
ring; the outcries of the people in the
I their cries for the ufe and liberty of their Churches, fe-
retired himfelf to the Palace of
the Viceroy, begging
lly

favour and protection, for whofe

fake he fuffered. 1 he
immediatly fen t out his Chders,
commanding the
:eroy
Is of
excommunication and cejfatio adivmv to be pulled
all the Superiors of Ooi-
m the Church doors, and to
ts to fet open Churches, and to celébrate their fer-
their
they had done.
as formerly
But ehey
•e and MafTes
through blind obedience to their
[obeying the Viceroy
the Archprclate to
chbiihop, the Viceroy commanded
cenfures. But his aniwer was, «hat
what he had
roke his
done againft a publick offender and
me had been juftly

eat oppreffor of the poor,

whofe cries had moved him
commifcratctheir fuffering condition, and that the often-
had deferved
is contempt of his firft excommunication
ofthefecond cenfure neither of the which he
| rigour s

had iub-
ouldnor could revoke until Don Pedro Mexia
himfelf to the Church and to
apublikabiohmon,
iltted

had fatisfied the Priefts andGloifters who

fuffered for
id
im, and had difclaimed that
unlawful and unconfcionabic
he wronged the whole Common-
lonopoly, wherewith
therein.
wealth, and efpecially the poorer fort
Thus did that proud Prelate arrogantly m terms exalt
imfelf againft the authority of his Prince
and Ruler con-
?

mmng his command with a flat denial, thinking himlelt

fpirit againft the Emperojw
appy in imitating Ambrofe his
'heodofius, power of his keys, and in the
trufting in the
trengthofhis Church and Clergy, which
with the rebel»
to oppofe againft the
ion of the meaner fort he refolved
H)wer and ftrength of his Magiftrate.
The Viceroy not
from a Prkft, commanded him
>rooking this fawcy aniwer
Mcfently to be apprehended and tobe
guarded to St jam
Spain, The
de Vlbua, and there to be ihipped for
Archbiihop having notice of this the
Viceroy his rclolu-
Guadalupe, with many
tion retired himfelf out of Mexico to
oí his Priefts and Prebends leaving
a bill of Excommuni-

cation upon Church doors sgsuift the Viceroy himfelf,

the
and
 T40 A Nem Survey Chap. X
and thinking privily to flie to Spain, there to give an a
punted ofhis carriage and behaviour.
Buthecould notf
fo faft, but the Viceroy his care and
vigilancy flill ev,
him and with his Serjeants and Officers
purfued him
Guadalupe. Which the Archbiíhop undemanding,
|

betook himfelf to the Sanduary of the

Church, and the
caufed the candles to be lighted
upon the Altar, and tl
facrament of his Bread God to be taken
out of the Tabe
nade, and attiring himfelf with his
Pontifical Veftment
with his Mitre on his head, his.
Crozier in one hand i
the other he took his God of
bread, and thus with h
train of Priefls about him at the
Altar, he waited for th
coming of the Serjeants and Officers,
whom he though
with his God in his hand, and with
a Here I am, t
aflonim and amaze, and to make
them as Chrift the Tew
in the garden, to backwards, and to difable them fron
fall

laying hands upon him. The Officers coming into tb

Church went towards the Altar where the
Biihop flood
and kneeling down firft to worfhip their
God, made ;
aort prayer i which being ended, they
propounded unte
the Biihop with courteous and fair words
the caufe of theii
coming to that place, requiring him to lay
down the Sa-
crament i and to come out of the Church,
and to hear
the notification of what orders they brought
unto him in
the Kings name. To whom the Archbiíhop replied, that
Wheieas their Matter the Viceroy was excommunicated
he
looked upon him as one out of the pale of
iheChurch and
one without any power or authority to
command him in
the houfe of God, and fo required them
as they tendered
the good of their fouls to depart
peaceably, and not to
infringe the pnviledges and immunity
of the Church bv
exercihnginitany legal a& »f fecular power
and com-
mand i and that he would not go out of the Church,
unlefs
they dura take him and the Sacrament
together. With this
the head-officer named Tirol!, flood up
and notified unto him
an order in the Kings name to apprehend
his perfon in
what place foever he ihould find him, and to
guard him to
the Port of St. }ohn de Vlbua, and there
to deliver him to
whom
lap. XII. of the Weft-Indies. • 14 V
there to be
oro by further order he mould be directed,
>ped for Spain as a Traitor to the Kings crown, a
abler of the common peace, and author and
mover of fe-
ion in the Common- wealth.The Arch-biihop fmiling
do firoU anfwered him Thy matter ufeth too high
•,

sns and words, which do better agree unto himfelf»

I know no mutiny or fedition like to trouble the
Hnmon-wealth, unkfs it be by his and Do» Pedro Mexia
¡opprdfingofthepoor. And as for thy guarding me
St. John de Vlhua, I conjure thee by Jefus
Chrift, whom

ou'knoweft I hold in my hands, not to ufe here any

rience in Gods houfe, from whofe Altar I am
refolvcd

it to depart i take heed

God puniih thee not as he did
mboam, for ftretching forth his hand at the Altar againft

e Prophet, let withered hand remind thee of thy

his

ity. But flroV fuffered him not to fquander away the

me and travel it out with further preaching, but called to
ie Altar a Prieft, whom he had brought for that purpofe4
id commanded him in the Kings name to take the Sacra-
lent out of the Arch-biíhops hand ^ which the Prieft doing,
ie Arch-biihop unvefted himfelf of his Pontificals, and
though with many repetitions of the Churches immunity )
ielded himfelf unto ?irott, and taking his leave of all his
i ebends, requiring them to be witneffes of what had been
one, he went prifoner to St. John de Vlbtta, where he
us delivered to the cuftody of the Governour of the
:aftle, and not many days after was fent in a (hip prepa-

ed for that purpofe to Spain to the King and Council with

fullcharge of all his carriages and mifdemeanours. Some
>f the City of Mexico in private began to talk firangely
igaing the Viceroy, and to ftomach the baniíhment of their
Arch-biihop, becaufe he had ftood out againft fo high a
power in defence of the poor and oppreffed,and thefe their
private grudges they foon vented in publick with bold and
irrogant fpeeches againft Don Fedro Mexia, and the Vice-
roy, being fet on and incouraged by the Priefts and Pre-
bends, who it feeras had fwern blind obedience to their
Arch- Prelate, and therewith thought they could difpenfe
witb
 i 4* J New Survey Chap. ]
with their confciences in their obedience and duty to t
Mag.ftrate. Thus did thofe Incendiaries for a forni
together blow the fire offediiion.and rebellion, efpeci
amongit the mfenour fort of people and
the Criolian
native Spaniards, and the Indians
and Mulatto's i
they knew brooked not the fevere
and rigorous juftice •

judgment of the Viceroy, no nor any

Government t
was appointed over them from Spain;
until at the f<
nights end, VroU returned from St.
John de Vlbua •
s
then began the fpiteand malice of all
the malecontents
break oaf, then began a /ire ofmutiny
tobe kindled, wh
was thought would have confumed and
buried in af
that great and famous City.
TtroU was not a little jeal<
oí what miichief the common
rabble intended againft hi
and fo keptclofe not daring to walk
5
theftreets i yet
occahons inviting him to the Viceroy
his Pala:e, ventui
himldr in a Coach with drawn curtains,
which yet coi
not bhnd the eyes of the fpfght
fa 1 and malicious ma
contents, who had notice that he was in the Coach
ai
before he could get to the Market
place, three or four be
began to cry cut Judas, Judas, alia
va Judas, there goe
Judas, mat hid his hands uponChrifts
Vicar i others joyn
with them faying, ahorquemos a ejle
Judas, let us hang i

this Judas; the number of

boys yet increafed, crying aloi
and boldly after the Coach, Muera
el Veil acodefcomulga
la muerte de Judas, muera
el picaro, muera el perro, let th
excurnmunicated rogue and dog die the death
of frj
sne Coachman Jaihed the mules, the Coach polled, tl
' boyshafted after with (tones and dirt, the
number incre;
sed io, that before Tirol! could
get through two fireets onl
tnere were rifen above two
hundred boyes, of Spaniard
Zn4*nt Blac\-moors, Mulatto's. With much ado
Tiro// g(
io the Viceroy his Palace,
porting for his life, and his fir
cue was to wiih the Porters to fhut all the Palace
gates
tojhe was fearful of what prefently happened,
of a mor
general in fur region and uproar. For no fooncr
was he go
into the Viceroy his houie, and the
gates fhut up, but ther
'were gathered %o the Market- place
( as \ was credibly ii
forme
lap. XII. *ftk Weft-Indies. 1
4?
ned by thofe thatfaw and obferved diligently that days
able J above two thousand people, all ofinferiour rank
Í
quality i and yet the number Hill increafed till they
:e judged to be about fix or feven thoufand. They all
ed out for liroU the Judas, fparing neither ftones nop
t which they did fling at the Palace windows,
The Viceroy fent ameííageto them defiring them tobe
et, and to betake themfelves to their houíes, certifying

:m that Ttrell was not in his palace, but eicaped out of

nek- door. The rude multitude would not be fatisfied
th this, being now feton by two or three Prieftswho
re joyned with them, and fo they began more violently
batter the Palace gates and walls, having brought pikes
d halberds, and long poles ; others had got a kw Piitols
d birding Pieces, wherewith they fhot, not caring whom
sy killed or wounded in the Palace. It was wonderful
fee that none of the better fort, none of the Judges, no
gh Juftice, no inferiour officers durii or would come out
fuppreis the multitude, or to affift the Viceroy being in
great danger i nay I was told by fome fhopkeepers who
'ed in the market-place,, that they made a laughing
ifineis of and the people that paÜTed by went fmiling
it,

id faying, Let the boys and youngfters alone, they will

ght our wrongs, they will find out before they have
Dne, both TiroU and Mexia and him that protects them,,
leaning the Viceroy i but amongft them was much noted
ae Prleft,name Salazar, who fpent much (hot and bullets,
id more his fpirits in runing about to fpie fome place
Fadvantage, which he might fooner batter down. They
>und it feems the Prifon- doors eafier to opener elfe with
elp within they opened them, and let out all the male-
i&ors, who joyned with them to aifault the Palace. The
iceroy feeing no help came to him from the Gity, from
lis friends, from the Judges of the Chancery, from the
Lings high Juftices, nor other officers for the peace,
vent up to the Zones of his Palace With his Guard and
Servants that attended on him and fet up the Royal
>tandardj andcaafed a Trumpet -to bs founded to call the
Gity
 »44 A New Survey Chap. X
City to aid and their
King. But this prevailed n
affift
none ftined, all the chief of the City
kept within do (

And when the multitude faw the Royal Standard

out a
heard the Kings name from the Zones,
they cryed o
and often repeated it, Viva el Roy, muera
el mal govier
mueran los des comulgados, that is to fay,
Our King I

long, but let the

government die, and periih, and
evil
them die that are excommunicated. Thefe
words fav
many oí them from hanging afterwards, when
the bufine
was tried and fearched into by Don Martin
de Carru
And with thefe words in their mouths they
skirmiih
with them of the Zones at leaft three
hours, they abo
hurling down and they beneath hurling up to thei
ftones,
and fome ihooting with a few Piftols and
bird ing Piec
at one another and mark that in all this bitter skirmi
:

there was not a piece of Ordinance

(hot, for the Vicen
had none for the defence of his Palace or Perfon,
neith
had or hath that great City any for its ftrengtk
and fecurit
the Spaniards living fearlefs of the
Indians, and ( as th<
think )fecure from being annoyed by any
forain Natioi
There were ilain in about fix hours in all that
this tumu
lafted,feven or eight beneath in the Market
place, an
one of the Viceroy his Guard and a Page in
theZoties abov
The day drawing to an end, the multitude brought Pite
and fire, and firft fired the Prifon, then
theyfeton fii
part of the Palace, and burnt down
the chief gate. Th
made fome of the City, of the Gentry, and of the
Judges t
come out, left the fire (hould prevail far upon
the Citi
and to perfuade the people to defiit, and to
quench th
fire. Whilii the fire was quenching, many got into
Mr Palace, fome fell upon the Viceroys ftables,
th

H part of his mules and horfes rich furnitures,

to fall upon fome chefts, others to tear
but they were ioon pcrfuaded by the better
and there go
others begai
down the hangings
fort of th(
City, t odefift from fpoil or robbery, left by
that they fhoulc
be discovered i others fearched about for Von
Pedro Mexia,
tor Tiroll and the Viceroy. None of them could be found!
having difguifed themfelves and fo efcaped. Whither Dot.

Ftdn
iap. XII. of the Weft-Indies] 145
Iro Mexia, and liroU
went, it could not be known in many
ps » but certain it
was that the Viceroy difguifed himfdf
a Francifcan habit, and
fo in company of a Fryer went
Francifcans,
ough the multitude to the Cloirter of the
he abode ail that year, ( and there I faw him
the year
lére
to come out, trill he had informed the
er ) not dating

ing and Council of Spain,

with what had happened,
City was in, if not
d of the danger himfetf and the
lely prevented. The King and Council of Spain took
it asa war-
ibufinefs into confideration,and looked upon
ig-piece, to a further mutiny and
rebellion, and an ex-

iple to other parts of America

to follow upon any fuch
feme puniflunent were not inflicted upon
e occation, it

| chief
offenders. Wherefore the year following 1625*
feist anew
|ch was when I went to thofe parts, the King
govern in the place
ceroy the Marqutfs ot Serralvo to
theCountofG«/wx,andefpecially to aid and afliti Von
artinde Carrillo, a,and inquifitor of the Inquihtion
Prieft

Valladolid, with hrge Commiffion and au-

who was foot
ority to examine the foreiaid tumult and mutiny, and to
dee all that mould be found in it, yea and to
offenders
-deferve death. I was at Mexico in
ng up fuch as ihould
had intelligence (torn Von
e beft time of the trial, and
atún dzCarúh his own Ohoftly father, a Dominican Fry-
of the buhnets i
of the chief paflages in the examination
the refult was, that if Juftieeihould
have been execu-
id

d rightly, moft of the prime oí

Mexico would have fui-
for not coming in to the Royal
Standard, when cal*
red,
fome were
a by the found of the Trumpet, the Judges
though they anfweted that they
it out of their places,

lift not ftir out, foi that

they weire informed thai all the
if they had appeared in
ity would have rilen againft them
ablick. The chief a&ors were found to be the CrioUans
hate the Spantfh Go-
[Natives of the Country, who do
and. waft» mcy
eminent, and all fuch as come from Spain v
by them they are much opprefled, as I ha?e
ave for it, for
efore obferved, and are and will
be always waning anfv
from the Spantfh oak. Bus
ppoitunitj to free thcmfclvcs y
 146 J New Survey Chap. XII
the chief fomenters of the mutiny were found to be
the JÜ
ftpps party the Prieib and fo had not Salazar and
•,
thre<
more of them fled, they had certainly been fent
to thi
Gallies of S/w/2 for Gaily- flaves
; this judgment was publi
íhed againf} them. There were not above three or fou
hanged of fo many thoufands, and their condemnation wa
for things which they had ftolen out of the
Viceroy's Pa
lace. Andbecaufe further enquiry into the rebellion wouh
have brought in at leaft half the City either for aftors, I
counfellers.or fomenters, the King was well advifed
to gran
a general pardon. The Archbiihops proceedings were
mon
chilikcd in theCourt of Spain, than the Viceroys,and he wa
long without any preferment, though at latt that
then
might be no exceptions taken by his party, nor caufe
gi
ven for the further fxirring the embers to a greater
combuüi
on, the Council thought fit to honour him in thofe
part
where he was born i and to make him Biíhopof Zamora,
¡

fmall Biíhoprick in CafiiUi fo that his wings

were dipt
and from an Archbiihop he came to be but aBiihop,and
fron
threefcore thoufand Crowns yearly rent he fell to four a
five thoufand only a year. The Count of Gelvej was alf<
fent to Spain, and well entertained in the Court,
and there
m made Mailer of the Kings horfe, which in Spain is a No
bieroans preferment.
And this Hiftory
(hewing the fate and condition
Mexica, when I travelled to thofe partsl
have willingly fei
* down, that the Reader may by it be furniflitd with
bettei
obfervations than my f elf (who am but a
Neophyte Jam a
bleiodedud. Somewhat might be obfer ved from the Vice
royseovetoufoefsi which doubtlefs in all is a great fin, foi
as Paul well advifeth, 1 Tim.
6. 10. The love
of u th
mony
rwt of dl evil, but much more to be condemned
in a Princ<
or Govcrnour; whom it may blind in the
cxercife of Ju
hKc and Judgment, and harden thofe tender bowel;
C which ought to be in
him ) of a father and ihepherd to hi!
We may yet from this Viceroys pra-
flock and children.
nce and example againfl a chief head of the Romif.
Church, difcuver that crrour ofthePikfts and
,

Jefuits ol
England
:hap. XII. of the Weft-Indies: 1 47
;«gW,wboperfwaded the people here that no temporal
¿agiftrate hath power over them,
and that to lay hands
fay Confecrattd
n them in wrath and anger( being as they
a deep excommunication h
o God and his Altar ) is ¡pfofaüo
whereas we fee the contrary in this Viceroy a member of the
Church of Howe, and yet exercifing his
temporal power a-
ramft an Arch-biihop, and by TiroU
taking him from the
}hurch,and as his prifoner fending him with juft
wrath
nd anger to a forain and remote place of banifhmenc.
5ut laftly, it is my delire that the High and Honourable
:ourt of Parliament which now is good of
fitting for the

his Kingdom, and for the good of it hath already pulled

[own the Hierarchy of fuch Prelates and
Arch-prelates,
trouble and uproar which the keys of
vould look upon the
he Church in the hand of an undifcreet Ptieft brought up-
of Mexico. Certainly as the ftrength of the
| that City
Church well fetledand governed with fubordination to the
íagiftrate, is likewife the ftrength of the Common-wealth
b on the other power of the keys in the Clergies
fide the

land, to caft out what inceftuous Corinthian they pleafe,

viihout the reft of the Corinthians confent, i Cor. f. 4, U
nay prove dangerous and troublefome to the
Common-
For the Clergy may ufe by it felf, with-
veal and good. if
Commiffioners,
)utthe overfeeing eye of the Magiftrates
their cenfures
he power of the keys, who (hall be free from
hat any way will oppofe them The poor
> and ignorant will
not only be the object of their cenfures»
but the rich, and
Ruler and Magiftrate will alfo come under
wife, and noble,
cenfures i wherein I find a Minifter may then
as a Pope
¡heir
encroach upon the higheft crown of an Emperoür.
Nay cer-
tainly in England the thoughts of fome
fuch afpiring Mmi-
or this Archbiíhop
[tershjve been higher than the thoughts
of Mexico over a Viceroy, the conceit oí
their power with
the Keys have hoifed them above their Prince, tor I have
that by the power
heard one of them fay, he knew not but
the King asany
of the keys he might as well excommunicate
other private perfori,This conceit hath
made the Pope fear no
Magnate i nay this hath
earthly Prince, Etpperour.Ruler or
 r

148 A New Survey Chap; XII

made him tobe feared,and refpe<3ed,and honoured by King
and Princes and why may not the fame power in the hand
i

of a Protefiant Clergy, make the meaneft and the higheft I

fearand dread them i But fome will fay, the Word of Go»
being the touchftone wherewith they are to try what point
may be the iubje&s of their ccnfures, by fuch a light an*
guidance they are not like to err. But they then beinj
themfelves the Judges of the fenfe and meaning of th
Word, who (hall oppofe their judgment, and their enfuinj
cenfures ? What if to their tryal and judgment they ihal
bring any Law ena&ed by a High Court of Parliament, an<
(hall judge it not according to the Word of God, and
[
prefs it to the peoples confciences threatning with thei•>

ceniuresfuchas mall obey it? in fuch a cafe how may th

power of the keys unlock and open a door to the people c
rebellion againft their lawful Magiftrates ? what dan G
gers may befal Common-wealth, when thus the Clerg
a
(hall ftand over poor and rich, fubje&and magiflrate, as Pe
ten ftatue at Rome, with Ctofs keys in his hand ? What
rebellion did the Arch-biihop of Mexico caufe by excommu
nicating Don Pedro Alexia hrft, and then the Viceroy > sni
how did the people fear his keys more than the Viceroy
temporal power and authority, fiding with him againft fuel
as he had excommunicated ? What troubles did that Do
(flor Smith Biibop of ChaUedok bring among the
Papiüs/mal
and great ones, not long ago here in England, laying upoi
them by the power of the Keys a cenfure of Excommunica
tion, if they confeffed to, or did entertain and hear the Mai
of any, that had not derived their authority from him ? thei
were they in open rtbdlion one againft another i the fécula
PrieÜs againft the Monks, Fryers, and Jefuits, and the Lai
ty all troubled, fome fiding with one, and fome with ano
ther, till Dodor Smith having
thus kindled the hie wa
fain to leaveburning, and to betake himfdf to ParU, anc
it

from thence to foment the diilenfion, which with the powe;

of the Keys hehadcaufed here.
O furely thcChurchfofarisa good Mother, as it allow
t Magiftrate to be a Father, And great comfort have thoii
thai
íhap. XII. of the Weft-Indks; 1
49
iat live within the pale of the Church, to know that they
ave the Magiihate to fly unto in their preflures and dif-

omfoits.
I muft ingenuoHÍly confefs that one main point that
rought me from the Church of Rome, was the too too
rea^powerof the Keys in the Pope?, Bilhops, and Prieils
lands, who fíudyingmore í'clf Policy, than common Poli-
y, look upon the people, and
with their power deal with
lem more a£ their (ubjedts, than as political Members in
Common- wealth, rending and tearing them dayly by
íeír cenfures from that common and Political body to
rhich they belong, without any hopes of care to be had of
lem by their Magiftrate and Political head and Governour.
knd I hope 1 (hall not have fled from Antichrift who exal-
$h himklf as head of the Church, and from that power
ath his influence over all States and Political Heads and
rulers h to find in a Proteftant Church any of his fpirir, ma»

inga diftin&ion of a fpiritual and temporal head, forget-

ng the only head Ghrift Jtfus ; which were it once granted,
5 the fpirij is more noble than the body,
fo would the in-
rrencefoon be made, that they that are ovei the fpirir, are
igher in power than they that are over the body s which
unclufion would loon bring among Pro-
Mexico's troubles
:ftants. Experience in all my
by fea and land, in
travels

¡bit parts of Europe and of America, hath ever taught me 3

íat where the Clergy hath been too much exalted and en-
)yed power over the people, 'there the Common-wealth
ath foon fain into heavy preflures and troubles. And let
ot this my obfervation feem ftrange as coming from a Mi-
ifler,for Ihave learned from Chriit, Mattb. 20. 25, 26,
7, that the Princes of the Gentiles exercife Dominion, and
bey that are great exercife authority, But itjhallnotbef&
mong you, but whafoever will be great among y outlet him b%
our Mimjler; and whofoever will be chief among you, let him
eyour Servant,
i hope the High Court of Parliament will fo fettle the
Church and State here, that this ihail not tear any further
roubles from that » and that we who have our portion from
13 the
150 J New Survey Chap. XII
the one, may
be Minjftcis and Servants under the Con
miffioners of the other. And thus largely 1 have defc
bed the State and^ondition of Mexico in the time of Mo
tezuma, ancttlnce his death the manner and proportion
it with the troubled condition I found it in when I we

tbirher, by reafon of a mutiny and rebellion cauftd by ;

Arch-biihop the year before. I fhall now come rut

Mexico, and prefent unto you the places moft rernarkah

about it , and from thence the feveral parts and Countri
©f America, before ¡ betake my ftlf to the journy whi<
I made from Mexico to Guatemala lying nine hundred En
Ujh miles Southward, and from thence yet to Cp¡}arica-> a x
Nicoya, being nine hundred miles further toward theSout

CHAP. XÍÍÍ.

Shewing the feveral parts of this new World ¡

America $ and the places of note about thefamoi

City of Mexico.

Lihough my travels by Sea and Land in Amen

were not above three or four thoufand miles ( whic
1

is not the fifth part of it, if exa&ly compelled

) yet for ú
better compleadng of this my work ; I thought 6t toinlarj
my (jbíf to a full divifipn of the many and iundry parts then
of, here fir ft in general» and hereafter more in panicuh
of thofe parts wherein I lived twelve years, ar.d of tho
which I more exadly noted and obferved as I travelled an
paffed through them. The chief divifion therefore oí th
created part of the World, twofold only, to wit, tr
is

Maxk.r-'^ and the Reman parts, which contain many gre:

and fundry Provinces and Countreis, fome as big as 01
whole Kingdom of England. But Mexico giving name t
fialf America, isnow called Wow Hifpania, new Spain, fror
whence the Kings of Spain do ftyle themielves HifpanL
rum Reges. The Mexican part coetaineth chiefly the Noi
ihernlraéfr, and comprehendtth thtie Provinces hithert
knov
 1

of the Weft-Indies.
1 5
;hap. XIII.
nown and difcovcred, to wit, Mcx/w, gttivira, Nicaragua,
matan, Florida, Virginia, Nommbega,
Nova Francia, Cor-
rial», and Eflotzlandia. The compafs of this part of A-
erica is thirteen thoufands miles. The Pernan part con.
lineth all the Southern Trad,
and is tyed to the Mexican
y the Worms or ftrait of
Damn, being no more than 1%
r as others fay, in the
narroweft place but 1 2 miles broad
•om the North to the South Sea. And many have mentio-
the cutting of a Navigable
ned to, the Council of Spain
tofhorten the Voy-
¡hannel through this [mail Ijlbnm, fo
ge to China, and the Molmcoes. But the Kings of Spain
ave not as yet attempted to do it,
tome fay left in the
ihould thofe few Indians that are left ( would
rork he lofe

o God it were fo that they

were and had been fo careful
Indians lives, ratiore populous would
Etender of the poor
hatvaftand fpacious Country beat day ) but others
this :

ay he hath not attempted that great

work, left the paffage
>y the Cape Bona Efperanza,
Good-hope, being left oft, thole
5easmight become a receptacle of Pirates.
However this
attempted by the Spaniards, they give not
lath not been
great charge, for that would
brreafon any extraordinary
conveying
bon be rtcompenfed with the fpeedy and eafie
:hat way Commodities from South to North Seas. This
the
Countries, or
Permn part of America- containeth thefe
Peru^Brafil,
Kingdoms, to wit, C4<B* ame* Guiana,
thoufand miles.
Zbiüe h and the compaís of it is feventeen
[ (hall not fpeakdiftinftly
of all thefe parts, which better
befort me difeovered \
writers, and of more knowledge have
Spaniards reach
and becaufe fome of them being out of the
and dominion, from whom I have received my
belt intel-

ligence, 1 have from them had little notice

of them, and
experience, which indeed I intend to make my
bell guide

in this my work. Therefore to return again to the Mex-

(hall fall again upj
ican part, and the Northen TracV, 1
which I laid
on the firft and chief member of that divition,
fanded rivers,
was Mexico. Thisaboundcth with golden
in which are many Crocodiles ( though
not fo big as thefe
It glorie^ in the
of Egyf* ) which the Indian people eat.
•' '

noun-.
L 4
 r
i 5% J New Survey Chap, XI
mountains Vopocbampecbe, and Popocatepec, which
arc of t
lame nature with Mtna and Vtfuvw.
Nay all the w
South-wardsasfarasLeoa in Nicaragua, there are
ma
of thefe fiery Mountains. Buc Popocatepec is one of t
chief of them, which fignitieth a hill
of fmoak, for rr
ny times it cafteth out fmoak and fire i it
ftandeth eie
leagues from CfokUa \ the afcending up
into ii is ve
troublefome,and full of craggy rocks. When Cortcz p><
led thatway to Mexico, he íent fen Spaniards to view
with many Indians to carry their visuals
and to gui
them in the way. They approached fo nigh rhe top,
th
they heard fuch a terrible noiie which proceeded fro
thence, that they durft not go unto it, for the grout
did tremble and (hike, and great
cjuantiry of aíhes d
much difturb their way. But yet two of them who feer
ed to be moft hardy, and defirous to See
ftrangc thirif
went up to the top, bccaiife they
would not return wf
a fleevclefs anfwer, and that they might not be
acount(
cowards, leaving their fellows hi hind them,
proceeded fo
wards, and paííed through that defart
of aíhes, and
length came under a great fmoak very
thick, and flam
ing there a while, the darknefs vaniihed
partly aw=y ar
then appeared the Vulcan and concavity,
which is aboi
hair a league in compafs out of rhe
which the air can
rebounding with a very great noife, veiy
(hiill and whiaiin-
io that the whole bill did tremble
it was like unto
i
an \
ven where glafs is made. The fmoak
and heat was (

great that they could not abide it, and

offeree were coi
ftramed to return by the way that they
had ifcemfaL Bi
they were not gone far, when the
Vulcan began to flaf
out flames of hre, aíhes and embers,
yea and at the la
(lone* of burning fire, and if they had
not chanced to fin
a roc», under which they foadowed
themfelves, undoubt
edly they had there been burned.
It s like unto the Vul
¡

can oiSicdia, k is high and round,

and never wantetl
(now about feme part of it. Before the
coming of Cm*
for ten years ipace it had left off
expelling vapour or fmoak
*ut in the year 1 40. it began again
5 to burn, and with tb<

hbrrib!
hap. XIIL o/f ^Weft-ladies: 155
that dwelt four leagues
nible noife thereof, the people
the aíhes that proceeded then
,m it were terrified i

fiandeth ten leagues

>m it reached ro llaxcaUan, which
yea fome affirm that it extended fifteen
hnt from it ,

the herbs in the gardens, the

^ues diftant, and burned
that lay a drying. And ma-
rn in the fields, and cloths
ffuch hills and mountains doth this Mexican part of A-
mca or new Spain abound with. The limits of it are

arid the gulf of Mexico on the

1 the Eaft, Jttcatan,
feft Californio, on the South the Penan part. 1 he Nor-
lern bounds are unknown, (o that we cannot certainly a-
certainly affirm it
)W this America to be continent, nor
the o'd world. It was
,be an «land, ditfinguiihed from
»ry populous before the arrival of the Spaniards, who
Seventeen years flew fix millions of them, roafting lome,
lucking out the eyes, cutting off the
arms of others, and
ifting them living to be devoured
of wild beafis. This
nief Province of America
named Mexico, is further iub-
into four parts, that is to fay, Tbemiliitan, Mf-
ivided
rhemiftitan, is
& Galicia, Mecboacan, and Gau(iacban.
he greateft and of thefc four-, for that it con-
nobleft
Mexico, which gi-
aineth fix Cities, and of them one is
name to the half part of America, and is the feat oí
e th
r

in Arch-biihop, and of the Spanijh Viceioy, whole

therein I have before laid open i the
lecond Q-
rreatnefs
:yis la Puebla de los Angeles, the City of Angels, the
Villaruca the fourth Antiqmra \ the fifth hita-
hird ',

)W,thefixth Ottopan. But all thefc, excepting the two

firiT, are but fmall phces, named Cities formerly, for that
the' Spaniards thought to have made them Bifhops feats,
which they have no been able to perform, by reafon that
to them the
Mexico and the City of Angels hath drawn
Inhabitants of the other
chief trading, and moft of the
Efpecially the refort to Mexico is fo great, that all
four.
the about ( which former!? were of Indians ) are
Towns
now inhabited by Spaniards and Meftizaes. i may not
omit about Mexico that famous place of ehapuitepec,
which in the Heathens times was the burying place of the
Emjpe-
 1 5 4 A New Stfivey Chap. XI
Emperours; and now by the Spaniards is theEfcurial
America, where the Viceroys that dye are alfo
intern
There is a fumptuoiw palace built with many
fair Ga
dens and devices of waters, and ponds of tiih,
whith
fhe Viceroy and the Gentry of Mexico do
refort for the
recreation. The] riches here belonging to the Vicero
Chapped, are thought to be worth above a million
i

crowns.
Tacuba is alfo a pleafant Town full of orchards and ga
dens, in the very way to Cbapultepec. Southward is loluc
«ch alfo for trading, but above all much mentioned for-tr.
Bacon, which is the beft of all thofe parts, and js
tranfpoi
ted far and near. Weft- ward is the Town called La
FkdÁ
at the end of a Cawfey, whither the people
much refoi
from Mexico, being drawn to the fupedtitious worfliip
c
a pi&ure of Mary which hath been enriched by
the chie
of Mexico with many thoufand pounds worth of gifts c
chains and crowns of* gold.
But more NorthwdUvard three leagues from
Mexico i
íhe pleaíanteft place of all that are about Mexico,
called La
Soledad, an¿ by others eldefierto, the foKtary or deferí
p!ac<
and wilderneis. Were all wilderneffes like it, to live
in ¡
tvtldernsfs would be betcer than to live irj a
City. This hatli
Been a device of poor Fryers named difialced, or
barefooted
Carmelites, who to make ihew of their hypocritical and ap.
I ;.f parent godlinefs, and that whifcft they would be
thought
to live like Eremites, retired from the world,
they may
draw the world unto them i they have built there a
ftate-
!y Cipher, which being upon a hilj and among rocks mikes
¡i to be more admired. About the Cloiiier they have fa-
fhioncd out many
holes and caves in, under, and among
the
•socks, like Eremites lodgings, with a room
to lie in, and
an Oratory to pray in, with picures, and images, and
rare
devices for mortification, as diiciplines of wire, rods
of I
ron, hair-cloths, girdles with iharp wire points to
girdle
about their hue 6eih, and many fuch like toys which
hang
about their Oratories, to make people admire their
W morti-
and holy lives. Allí befe Eremtrical holes and caves

C which
up. XIIL of the Weft-ladies. 15 J
within the bounds and com-
,hich are feme ten in all ) are
Cloifter, and a .non g orchards and gardens toll
s of the
may take up two miles corn-
ruits and Bowers, which
's and here among
i
the rocks are many (brings of water,
and other trees, are
Lh with the ihade of the plantins
have alio the
,acoolandpleafanttothe Eremites i they
and jazmín, which is a little flower,
eet fmell of the rofe
all others i there is
not any other flow-
t the fwceteft of

found that is rare and exquifitein that Country,

to be
delight the fenfes ofthofe
lich is not in that wildernefs to
.They are weekly changed from the
Mtified Eremites.
oifter, and when their
week is ended, others aje Tent,
Cloifter ; they carry with them
d they return unto their
wine, fweet-meats, and other pioyifions as
eir bottles of
into their mouths.
r fruits, the
trees about do drop them
wonderful to fee the ftrange devices of fountains ot
¡s

ater which are about

thejgardens, ; but much more «range
wonderful to fee the retort of Coaches, and gallants,
id
from Mexico thither, to walk and
id Ladies and Citizens
pleafures, and to fee thofe hy-
lake merry in thofe defart
as living Saints, andio
xrites whom they look upon
to cherifh them in their
link nothing too good for them,
efart conflicts with Satan.
None goes to them but car-
or fome other dainty diih to nouriO*
ies fome fweet-meats,
they like wife earneft-
ndfeed them withal i whofe prayers
alms of mony for the»-Mal-
f folicit, them great
leaving
in their Church,
es and above all offering to a pidure
•

Carmel, treafures of diamonds, pearls

ailed our Lady of
rolden chains and crowns and gowns
of cloth of gold and

ilver. Before this picture did

hang in my time twenty lamps
of them
the worfl being worth a hundred pound h
>f íilver i

ruly Satan hath given unto them

what he ofl¿rcd Chriít in
mill give thee, if thou wilt fall
íhedefert, All theje things
all the riches
imn and vorjhip me i all the dainties and of
unto them in that their deiart, tor
of America hath he given
that they dayly
this place there
is
fall

is

a rich Cloifter of
another Town yet called
Frandfcans, and alio many
W#
down and worihip him. In the way to
where
gardens and!
orchard s t
 ,

1
5 6 A New Survey Chap. Xl
orchards, but above all much referred
to for the mufick
that Church, wherein the Fryers have
made the Indian*
dexterous and skilful, that rhey
dare compare with I
Cathedral Church oí Mexico. Thefe were the chief plac
of mine and my friends refort, whilir I
abode about Mexl
which ! found to be mo(t worth a Hiitory,
and fo thong
ítt here to mfcrt them,
and fo pafs on to the other parts
Provinces of Mexico.
Next to this
the Province of GuaCzacban, which
is
m liei
in the road from
John de Vlhtta to Mexico, which is n
St.
(
lopoorasf^/^makethit, for that now it doth aboun
with many rich farms of Sugar,
i

and of Cochinil, an
reaebeth as far as the Valley
otGuaxiba which is a mo
rich place. The chief City of this Province was wont
t
be TlaxeaBau, whereof I have formerly
fpoken i but nov
the City of Guaxaca which isa Biíhops
feat,and Xatapp,
which is alfo of late made a Biíhops feat, makes it more L
mous. It glorieth alfo in VMa Rica a Port Town veri
wealthy, becaufe all the traffick betwixt the Old anc
New Spaifjj do pafs through it. The Spaniard f have in I
two rich Colonies, called lmtw\ andSt/>«e/in the val-
leys The third Province of Mexico is caled Mecboacan
which conraineth in circuit fourfcore leagues.
ítisalíbari
exceeding rich country, abounding in
Mulbersy trees, filft
honey, wax,black-amber, works of divers
coloured feathers'
mod rich, rare and exquilite, and fuch fort offiih, that
from
thence rt took its mm^Mecbuoucan,
which figniticth a rplace
or níhng.
The language of the Indians is moil elegant and copious,
and they tal!, itrong, active, and of very good wits as
may be feen in all their works, but efpecially in thofe of
feathers, which are fo curious,
that they are printed
ior rich prefents to the King
and Nobles of Spain The
cnief Ciry of this Province is
VaUadolid a Biíhops feat i
and the beft Towns are Sinjonte, which
was the relidence
of the Kings of this Country.
There is alfo Valuar
and Colma, ¿try great Towns
Spamards.
inhabited by Indian! ma
There are alfo two good Heavens, called St.
Anthony^
lap. XIIL of the Weft-Indies. Í57
tbonvy and Saint Jamet, or Santjago. Tfws country
of Mix*
Mecboacan was almoii as great as the Empire,
when Cortez conquered thofe parts. The King that

then of Mechoacan was called Caconzin, who was a

to the Spaniards*
at friend unto Ores, and a fervitor
vaiTal to the K'mgoi Spain*,
d willingly yielded himfclf as
tfuch was the cruelty of Von Nunio de
Guzman, the firft
ller and Preiident of the
Chancery of Mexico after the
nqueft, that undemanding he was put
out of his office,

took his journey againti the íeuchíchimecas,

and car-
in his company five hundred Spaniards,
with whom,
id
id fix thoufand Indians which by fosee he took out of
tecboacan, he conquered Xalixco which is now called the
ew Galicia. Andas for this purpofe he palled through
ecboacan s he took prifoner the King Caconzin
{w\\o was
againft him ) and took
net and peaceable and ftirred not
om him ten thoufand marks of plate, and much gold
id other treafure, and afterwards
burned him, and many
:her Indian Gentlemen and
principal perfons of that

ingdom, becauie they ihould not complain, faying,

iat a dead dog biteth not, They were in this King-
and idolatrous as in the reft of Ame-
om as fuperftitious
\ca. No divorcement was permitted amongft them, ex-
ept the party made a fokmn oath, that they
looked not
be one on the other fted-faftly, and
diredly at the time of
heir marriage. In the burying like wife of their Kings
hey were fuperftitious, cruel 5 and Idolatrous, when any
Ling of Mechoacan happened to be brought to
fuch extre-
nity of ficknefs that hope of life was pan, then
did he name
md appoint which of his fons ihould inherit the eftatc and
urown, and being known, the new King or Heir pre-
ently fent for all the Governours, Captains, and
valiant

soldiers, who had any office or charge, to

come unto the
aurial of his Father, and he that Came not,
from thence-
forth was held for a Traitor, and fo puniihed. When
:he death of the old King was certain, then
all degrees of tftates, and did bring their prefents to
the new King for the approbation of his Kingdom ;
But
 i}8 A New Survey Chap. X
But King were not throughly Head, but at
if the
the p<
of death, then the gates were (hut up, and
none pen
ted to enter, and if he were throughly
dead, then be
a general cry and mourning, and they were
permitted
come where their dead King hy, and to touch
him Í
their hands. This being done the carkafs
was wafted v
fweet waters, and then a fine ihirt
put upon him, an<
pair of (hooes made of Deer-skin
put on his feet ar
bout his anckles were tied bells of gold,
about the'wi
of his hands were put bracelets of Turquoiies
and of g
hkewife about his neck they did hang collars
i
of p ie ii

fiones, and alfoof gold, and rings in

"his ears, with a er
Turquoife in his nether lip. Then his body was laid upoi
large Bier whereon was placed a good bed under him*
his one hdelay a bow
with a quiver of arrows, and on
other (¡delay an image made of fine mantles of his own Í

ture or bignefs, with a great tuff of fine

feathers, ihoi
upon his feet, with bracelets and a collar of dold.
Wr
this was a doing, others werebuiied
in wa filing the m
and women, which (hould be ilain for to accompany
h
into hell. Thefe wretches, that were to be flain, were fi
banqueted and filled with drink, becaufethey ihculd
recei
iheir death with iefs pain. The new King did
appoint the
who mould cie for to ferve the King his father i and mai
of thofe limpie fouls eileemed that death fo odious
foi
thing of immortal glory. Firir fix Gentlewomen of net
birth were appointed to die-, the one to have
the office
keeper of his jewels, which he was wont to wear",
anoth
for the office of cup bearer*, another to give
him W3ter wi
a Bafon and Ewer , another to give him always
the Urina
another to be
his Cook and another toferve for Landre!
i

They Hew alio many women-flaves, and free-maidens f<

to attend upon the Gentlewomen, and moreover
one of
very occupation within the City. When all thefe that wei
appointed to die were waflud, and their bellies full wit
meat and drink, then they painted their laces yellow, an
put garlands of fweet Mowers upon each of their head
Then thty went in order ot procedían btfore the Bie:
when
up. XHI. of ¡he Weft Indies, 1 55»

ereon the dead King was carried •, fome w«U playing

inftrumentsmade oí Snail-fhels, and others played upon
íesand cf Sea-Tortife, others went whittling, and
fluís

: nioft part weeping. The Sons of the dead King and

ler Noble-men carried upon their (houlders the Bki
lere Corps lay, and proceeded with an eaiie pace to-
the
ids the Temple oí the God called Curkaveri i his kid>
:n went round about the Bier finging
a forrowful Cong,

ie officers and houihold-fervants

of the Court, with other

igiftrates and Rulers of Juftice bare the Standards and.

rers other Arms. And about midnight they departed in

l ordci afortfaid out of the Kings Palace with great light
fire-brands, and with a heavy noife of their trumpets

d drums. The Citizens which dwelt where th*Corps

fled, attended to make clean the ih'eet. And when they
:re come to the Temple, they went four times round a-

iut a great -fire which was prepared of Pine-tree to burn

e dead body. Then the Bier was laid upon the fire, and
the mean while that the body was burnings they maw-
1 with a club thole which had the Garlands, and after-
ard buried them four and four, as they were apparelled, be-
nd the Temple. The next day in the morning the afhes,-
mes and jewels were gathered and laid upon a rich mantle,
ie which was carried to the Temple gate, where the Prieto*

tended toblefs thofe deviliih reliqucs, whereof they made

dowor pafte,and thereof an Image, which was appa-
lled like a man, with a vifor on his face, and all othec
>rts of jewels that the dead King was wont to wea*-, fo
lit it feemed a gallant Idol. At the foot of the Temple
airs they opened a grave ready made, which was fquare,
jrge, two fathom deep, it was alfo hung with new mats

aund about, and a fair bed therein, in the which one of

tie Priefts placed the Idol made ofaihes with his eyes to-
wards the Eaft- part, and did hang round about the wall?
rargetsof gold and filver, wi'h bows and arrows, and
rvany gallant tuffs oí Fethers j with earthen veffJs, as pots,
Liihes, and platters, fo that the grave was rilled up win*
*uihou!d- fluffs ¿hefts covered wkh Leather, Appard jewels,
Meat,
 \6o A New Survey Chap. Xll
Meat, Drink and Armour. This done, the grave
w
ftiut up and made lure with beams, boards,
and floori
with earth on the top. All thofe Gentlemen who had fe
ved or touched any thing in the burial, wailied themfelv
and went to dinner in the Court or yard of the
Kini
houfe without any table, and having dined they
wipt
their hands upon certain locks of Cotton-wool,
hangir
down their heads, and not fpeaking any word, except
were to ask for Drink. This Ceremony hired five day
and in all that time no Fire was permitted to be kindled
i

the City, except in the Kings houfe and Temples, noryt

any Corn was ground, or Market kept, nor durit any go ot
or their houfes, {hewing all the forrow that might be pol
fible for thedeath of their King. And this was the fnpei
ftitious manner of burying the Kings of Mecboacdn.
Th:
people did Puniih adultery moil rigoroufly ; for to commi
it was death as well for the man as the woman.
But i

the adulterer were a Gentleman, his head was decke<

with feathers, and after that he was hanged, and his bod
burned * and for this offence was no pardon, either format
or woman. But for avoiding of adultery they did permi
other common women, but no publickand ordinary flews
Now the Indians of Mecboacan are greatly taken with thi
Popiih devices, and are ifrong in that Religion, as any pan
of Am¿rka.
The fourth and laft Province of the Country or Empin
of Mexico, is called Galicia nova, and is watered with twe
very great rivers, the one. named Piajile, and the othei
San Stbaftian. This Province gloryeth in many great
Towns of Indians s but eípecúlly in fix, inhabited both by
Indians and Spaniards i tberuít and chiefetf is Xalifeo, ta-
ken by Nunio de Guzman 15 30. when he fled from Mex-
ico in a rage, and took prifoncr and burned
the King of
Mecboacan. The fecond is Gnadalaiara. The third Coa-
-Txw. The fourth Compoftella. The rift h St. Efpiriú The
íixth Cápala, which is now is called Nova Mexico, New Mex-
ico. And here it is that the Spaniards are daily warring a-
gainft the Indian^ which live Northward, and are not as yet
seduced
hap. XIIÍ. of the Weft-indíesi i 6i
duced nor brought under the Spanijb yoak and
govern"
ent. They are valiant Indians, and hold the Spaniards
id to do if \ and have great advantage againit
them in the
cks and mountains, where they abiJe and cut pit many
uniards. Their chief weapons are hut bows and arrows,
id yet with them from the
thick Woods, hills, and rocks
exceedingly. I have
ey annoy and offend the Spaniards
aid fotne Spaniards fay that they flie and climb
up the
cks like Goats i and when they draw
nigh unto them,
their ax-
en they cry out with a hideous noife (hooting
fled un-
is at them, and in an inltant are departed and
another rock. The reafon why the Spaniards are fo
rneft to purfue and conquer thtfe Indians more than
any others oí America, which as yet are not
brought in
bjecTion to the Spaniards, is for the many mines of iil-
r and treafure of gold which they know to be there,
oftheferich-
hey have got already fore poiTeffion of part
in the Mines, called St. Lewis SacatecM,
from whence
ey fend all the filver that is coy ned in the
Mint-houfesof
kxico and the City of Angels, and every year befides to
torn in filver wedges at leait fix Millions. But the fitt-
er the Spaniards go to the North, ftill
more riches they
(Cover; ana fain would they fubdue all thofe
Northern
irts as I have heard them fay )
left our Englifh from Vir-
f
Lj and their other plantations, get in before them. Í
ive heard them wonder that our Enghfh enter no further
to the main land i furely fay they, either
they fear the

\dians, or elfe with a little päultry Tobacco

they have as
will maintain them in lazinefs. Certainly they
;uch as
itend to conquer through thofe heatheniíh Indians, until
f
land they come to Florida and Virginia, ( for fo they
Northern
nft ) it they be not met with by fome of our
(ations of Europe, who may better keep them
oíFíhan thoíe

dot Indians, and may do God greater and better fervice

'ith thofe rich Mines, than the Spaniards hitherto have

one. . g.

ThusHavingQ)okcnfomcwhatofthefour Provinces of
Ittfcfc which was tte nrä Member of' the divifion,
 i6i J New Survey Chap. XII
Mexican and Peruan ; Now I (hall briefly
fay fomewh
fur ther of three more
Countries belonging to the Mexic
or Northern Trad as
oppofite to the Vcman, omittii
tlonda^/nginia^orumbega, Nova f rancia
Corterialis ar
hltotilandia, becaufe I will not write as many do by relat
on and hearfcy, but by more fure
intelligence, infieht ar
expaunce. in my firft diviGon next
to Mex&lph
eed ^rvtrajucatan, and Nic^g^
i of thefe three the*
tore I (ball fe y a
and then romewhat of thc ?fr|fc
j Itt i Cj
part, gumraxt ieated on the moil Weitern
part of y
mrnca Juftover againft Wry,
from whence being n,
muvh v
diftanr, feme fuppofethat
the Inhabitants firft carr
into this new world. And indeed the Indians
¿Í ¿mm<
in many things Teem to be of the race
and progeny of 1
Tartars^ that <gÄ m and all the Weft fide of
th
Country towards Afia is far
more populous than th
Eaft towards £«r^, which
iheweth thefe parts tohav
teen nrft inhabited. Secondly, their uncivility, and barba
sous properties us that they are rnoft like the
tell
Tarta,
oí any. Thirdly, the Weft-fide of America
if it be not con
tíne^twithTm^isyetdisjoynedbutbya imall ftraighl
fourthly the people of Quizira
neartft to lartary *i
aid to felloe the fcafons
and pafturing of their Cattl
like the Tartarian*.
AH this fide of America is full o
herbage, and enjoyeth a
temperate air. The people a*
ddirous ofglafs more than
of gold place
i and fc fome
to this day are Cannibals.
Country are their Kine, which
The chief riches of
are to them as we fay o
1
our Ale to drunkards, Meat,
Drink and Cloth, and mo*
too. For the Hides yield themhoufes,
or at leaft the ca
venngs of them, their bones
bodkins, their hair thred
tnur iinews ropes i their
horns maws and bladders
vefleis i their dung, fire, their Calve-skins, budgets
«raw and & ccp wat£r .

the¡jf y^ ¿^* ^.e ^ fl

tc

i »^
hCXC to be fome traffique
rI
^tkaya, {f.
hither co thofe paits, where
from China, or
as yet the
Smni-
«r<k have not enrcr'd. For when Vafqncr. 4c Coronado Von-
quaed
ia p. XIII. of the Weft-Indies* t¿,
:ied fome part of it, he faw in the further Sea certain
É, not of common making, which feemed to be we!!
en, and bare in their prows,
Pelicans, which could

:
come from any Country, but one of
be conjectured to
fetwo. Sn Quivira there are but two Provinces
known
:o us, which are Cibola,
and Nova Albion, Cibela ly-
on the Eaft-fidc, whofe chief City is ofthefamename^
whole Province. The chief Town
4

1 denominates the

a to Cibola is called fotontaa, which is temperate and

afant,being fituated upon a River fo called. The third

wn worth mentioning is called tinguez, which was burnt
the Spaniards who under the condud of FrancifcoVaf-
'->

z de Coronado made this Province funjed to the King

Spain, An, Vom. 1540. And iincethis
Town oiftnguez
| been rebuilt and inhabited by the Spaniards-* There is
roodly College of Jefuits, who only preach to the Indi-
'of that Country. Nova Albion lyeth on the Weft-fide
to
xfcTanary, and is very little inhabited by the Spaniards
10have found no wealth or riches there. Our ever Re-
wned and Noble Captain Sir Francis Vra\t difcovered it,
tered upon it, and he named it Nova Albion^
becaufe the

ngthat then was, did willingly fubmit himfelf unto oui

3een Elizabeth.
The Country abounds with fruits pleating both to the
1 and the Palate. The people are given to hofpitality, but
thai to witchcraft and adoration of devils.
The bounds
rween this guivira and Mexico Empire is Mar Vemiglio,
Californio. The third Kingdom belonging to the Mex-
m part and Northern Trad: is Jucatan, which was firft
Cordova^ in the year
[covered by Francifco Hernandez de
¡17. Jucatan, not as fome have conceited
It is called
out
>m Joüan the fon of Beber, who they think came
the Eaft, where the Scripture placeth him, Gen. 12. 23.
here, but from Jucaian which in the Indian
inhabit
ngue fignifieth, what fay you? for when the Spani-

ds at their firft arriving in Country did ask of

that
the name of the place, the Savages not
un-
e Indians
:iftandfog- what they meaned, replyed umo them Jucaian,
Mi which
1 64 A New Suryey Chap. XII
which what fay you? wherupon the Spaniards
is,
n
rned it, and ever fince have called it
Jncstan. The who
Country is at leaft 900 miles in circuit, and is a
Veninful
It isrfituate over againft the life of Cuba; and is divid<
into three parts,
firft Jucatan it fetf, whofe Cities of greate
worth, are Campeche, Vallado lid, Merida,
Simancas, and 01
which for itsgreatnefsand beauty, they call
Caire. Tr
Country among the Spaniards
is held to be poor
i the chi
commodities in huny, wax, hides, and fome Sugar, bi
it are,

no Indigo, Cochinel nor Mines of filver

; There arey<
fome drugs much efteemed of by the Apothecaries,,
Cat
pftula, Zarzapärilia efpedally
i
'
and great ftore of Indt
Mate. There abundance of good Wood and Timbe
is alfo
fit for -,(hipping, whereof the
Spaniards do make vei
¿irong mips,- which they ufe in their voyages
to Spain an
back again, in the year 1632. the Indians of
this Counti
in many places of it were like to rebel
againft their Spank
Governcur, who vexed them fortly, making them
bringi
to him their Fowls and Turkies whereof
( there is alfo gres
abundance ) and their hony and wax therein
he traded ) a
the rate and price which he pleafed to fet
them, for his bett(
advantage, which was fuch a difadvantage
to them, thi
to enrich him they impoveriíhed themftlvcsi
and fo refo!
ved to betake themfelves ío the Woods and
mountains
where m
a rebellious way they continued fome
months, un
til the Francifcan Fryers, who
have there great power ove
them, reduced them back, and the Governour (
left he fhoul
quite lofe that Country by a further
rebellion J granted t
them not only a general pardon in the Kings name,
bu
lor the future promifed to ufe them more mildly an<
gently.
The fecond part of it is called Guatemala, ( wherein
hved for the fpace of almoft twelve years) whofe Inhabi
tants have lofi formerly half a million of iheir kinfmen an<
friends by the unmerciful dealing of
the Spaniards i and ye
tor all the lofs of io rmny thoufands,
there is no part of A
mmca more flourifhing than (his with great and populou
indms fowns, They may thank the Fryers who de
fend
tap. XIIL of the Weft-Indies; lay
their
i them daily againft the Spaniards, and this yef for
i ends s for while the Indians
ñouriíh and increafe, the
ers purfes flouriih alio and are filled. The Country is
j frcft and plentiful. The chief Cities are Guatemala,
ruca, and Cbiapa, whereof I (ball fpeak more largely
rafter. The third part of Jucatan is Acafamil, which is

Ifland over againft Guatemala, which is now common-

ailed by the Spaniards, Sta, Cruz, whofe chief Town is
. Cruz.
ihe fourth andlaft Country of the divifion of the
Mex-
Northen Trad of America^ which is under
part and
Spanifh Government, and my beft knowledge
and ex-
Nicaragua, which ftandeth South eaft from
ence) is
le», and above four hundred and fifty leagues
from it.
it agreeth fomewhat with Mexico in nature both of
and Inhabitants. people are of good nature, and
The
olour indifferent white. They had, before they recei-
Chriftianity, a fetled and politick form of Government,

ly, as Solon appointed no Law for a mans killing of his

ler, io had this people none for the Murtherer of a
¡g, both of them conceiting, that men were not fo
atural, as to commit fjch crimes. A thief they judg-

not to death, but adjudged him to be a (lave to that

o whom he had robbed, till by his fervice
he had made
sfa&ion, a coutfe truly more merciful and not lefs juft,
n the lofsoflife.
Vhis Coumry is fopkafmgto the eye, and
abounding in
things neccffary, that the Spaniards cz\\ it Mabomets Pa-
ite. Armng other flouriihing trees, here gtoweth one
that nature, that a man bran-
cannot touch any of its

is, but it withered» prefendy. * of Par-

it is as plentiful

5, as our Country of England

is of Crows i Turkies,Fowls

ails and Rabbets are ordinary meat there. There are ma-

populous Indian Towns ( though not fo many as about

atemala) in this Country i and efpedally two Cities of
miards \ the one Leon, a Bi&ops Seat, and the other Gra*
la, which ftandeth upon a Lake offreih water, which

;h above three hundred miles in compafs, and having no,

M | inters
1 66 J New Survey Chap. XII
intercourfe with the Ocean, doth yet continually ebb ar
flow. But of this Country, and thisCity efpecially I (hall fa
iomewhat mure, when I come to fpeak of my travellin
through it.

Thus I have briefly touched upon the Mexican part, ar

fomuch of the Northern Trait as is under the King i

Spam his Dominion, leaving more particulars, till

come to ihew the order of my being in and journeyin
through fome of thefe Countries. I will now likewife gi\
you a glimpfe of the Southern Trad, and Pernan pai
of America, Which containeth chiefly five great Countrh
or Kingdom?, fome in whole, and others in part, fubjt<
to the Crowns of Spam and Portugal, which are, firft C<
ftella áurea i fecondly, Gujana \ thirdly, Peru i fourthly, Bn

'files fifthly, Chille. But Í will not fill my Hirtory wit

what others have written oí the four laft named Countriei
wherein I was not much but what I could learn cf Pen
•>

I will briefly fpeak, and fo come to che firft, CafreUa aura

through which I travelled. Pern is held to be yet moi
rich a Country than is Mexico; for although it hath nc
theconveniency of traffique by the North-Sea, which Me»
ico hath, bat doth fend the Commodities in it to Pana:m

and from thence tranfports them either over the ft r aigr

IQbwHSi or by the River Chiagree to Portaba upon the Norj
Sea i yet the Country is far richer than Mexico, by reafo
of the more abundance of Mines of ill ver which are in ii

The mountains, named Fotofi are thought to be of no othe

metal, which the King oí Spain will not have to be o
pened til! they have exhaufted thofe which are ahead
difcovcrcd and digged, and have found the Spaniards wor
enough, and yielded them treafure enough ever fince the
fuA conquered thofe parts. The foil is very fruitful of al
liich fruits as are found in Spain. The Olives are bigge
than thofe of Spain, the oil fweeter and clearer. Th
Grapes yield alfo a wine far ftronger than any oí Span
and there is much made by reafon it cannot convenient!;
be brought from Spain. There is likewife Wheat in grea
itore, and all this fruitful foil lyeth low under high Moun

tain*
 of the Weft-Indies.
ley
Jhap. XIIÍ.
ins which divide betwixt Indians
not as yet conquered
But thofe Mountains are a great help unto
id hrafile.
fall from them,
lofepleafant Valleys with (he waters that
>r
inhabited by the Spaniards towards
in all thofe parts
that
ie South-Sea, moft certain and moil obfervable,
it is

infomuch that the houfes are uncovered

never raineth,
to keep oft the
I the tops, and only mats laid over them
Country, what with the waters that
uft, and yet is this
and ev-
ill from the Mountains, what with the morning
ening dews, as fruitful and plentiful as any
Country in the
a
F/orld. The chief City is called Lima, where there is
r
iceroy and a Court of Chancery, and
an Arch-biihop. It
Callan s where
ath a Port fome two miles from it named
of that King»
ethe (hips that convey yearly the treafure
Panama. There lie alio other (hips which traihque
¡om to
o the EaflAndks, and to all the
Coafts of Guatemala, and
Haven of Mexico. The Port ofc
o Acapulco the Southern
]altau is not fo ftrongas the great,
nay ineftimablc wealth
hat is commonly in it and in the
City of Lima (hould re-
have heard many Spaniards fay, that in the
mire, for 1
fear 1620. afew Mps oí Hollanders
(as fome fay ) or oi
others affirm) appeared before the
Haven
Znglifh fas
the Kings reve-
vaiting for the (hips that were to convey
were departed
nue to Panama, and hearing that they
foriook
'
though by a falfe report ) followed them, and fo
he attempting to take the Callan 5
: which certainly had they
greateíí
mnly attempted, they had taken it i and in it the
treafure that in any one part oí the
world could have been
But the Spaniards feldom fee thereabout
foram
round.
more carelelly in fecuiing or ftrength-
¡hips, and fo live
ning that Coaft. Though Pern be thus rich in fruits and
it in gold s which eggetU
exceedeth the
Mines, vctCbille far
Spaniards to a coniiant and continual
war with the Inhabi-
which arc a ftrong, warlike, and moft valiant people.
tants,
(words, pu-
They are grown as skilful in the ufe of weapons,
ftolsandmufquctsasthe Spaniards, and have taken many

Spaniards, men and women prifoneisi

and of tteSpaniJb.
by
Women have had fo many children, calU M?jhzoes,thn
M 4. iheip
 í¿8 ANew Survey Chap. XII
them ( who have proved moft valiant ) they have
much ei
created both their firength and
their skill. They hold tl
Spaniards hard to it, and the war is
become the moil da.
«rous of any the Spaniard, have ; ¡nfomuch
ci or
that the Com
Spam doth pick out from Ylaudm and Italy,
i

the be
foH.ers to fend them thither. And
a Captain thai hath
ved long, well and faithfully in fa
Flander,, by way of cred
and promotion is fent to the Wats
oiCbille, to fight for
great tl
treaiure of gold, which certainly
,
fa there. Joe 5>
«z^have m it three fair Cities the Conxion
whichi (
a Biihops Seat ;

) and Samjago, and Valdivia. This laft f

named from.one Valdivia, who was
Governour of it, an
the hrfi cauie and author of rhofe
Wars.
This man was fo extraordinary
covetous of the gold
tnat Country that he would \
not let the Indian, potfefs o
MOf any of ,t themfelns, but did vex them,
be.t, yea and
whip, 11
kill fc me of them, becaufe
they brought hin
notenougiyndnnployed them dafy in
fecking ¡tout fo
htm charging , km with a tax and
impofition ofio mud
a day: which the Indian, not
being able to perform no
to famfie an unfatisfiaWe mind and
«fplved to
greedv covSrefr
hs
rebel, but fo ,!,, firfl they^ouiVÄ ft
tisbe heart wnh t o!dlo that he (hould neve, more co.
vet after that yehow and glittering meal. Wherefore the,
y a ;nCd,t,Cnife,m
and
(u re
fiure .Trlome quantity of"V****
,n d took
gold
warlike
belted U J2
and
™''; "'* ci '«»P««fa, the Governour
it,
t

^H
,tl
l
fay.

«t?ZÍT^
mind and dcl.« after
fce
our gold ,
a «reedy and unfa iabl
we have not been able to
Smsfie thee wuh it hitherto , but now we have deviftd*
waymftnate this thy greedy covetoufnef,
enough. dr,„k thy full of it and
;

took him and poured the melted

; here ¡I"noi

with thefe word

gold down his thro-r
Z
«herewith he djed, nevermore coveting afc
r ,h tojk
C v2
yo(W«
Chv o'f
0ÍS wi,h his " al
'
7"
,,and w,th h, 3 covctoufneis
"Ä
and d "'K
leaving a
™ *
3
hath comi,uK(i ,o a cu!ci
¿.o thisl':;
•* b,ood
y w|
Guiana
bap. XIIL of the Weft-Indies; \6<?

omit to fpeak of, not having

Guiana and Brafile 1 (hall

:n in any part of them. Braftleis little talked of by the

and now
Miaras, belonging to the Crown of Portugal,
rt of it to the high and
mighty States of the Netherlands,
10 will better fatisfie by their
Hiftories, and acquaint Eu-

iewith the riches that are in it.

I return unto the firft nart mentioned by
mem the Sou-
cm and Peruan Trad, which was faid to bt Cajiella aurea,
ilden Cajiile, fo called for the
abundance of gold that
found in it. This containeth the Northern part oiPerua-
part of the Iftbmus, which runneth between the
,

orth and South-Sea. Befides the gold in it, it is ad-

inbly ftoied with Silver, Spices, Pearls, and

medicinal

erbs. divided into iour Provinces.

it is
The firft is cal-
oro > the fecond, Nova Jndjluzia the ',
d Cajiella del
lird, Nova Granada the fourth, Carthagena.
', CaftelU del

is fituated in the very Ijihmus,

and is not very popu-
lus by ieafon of the unhealchfulnefs of the air, and noi-
ime favour of the landing Pools. The chief places be-

mging Tbeommay, or Nembrt

to the Spaniards, arc firft

i Vios on the Eaft j

which is fix leagues from
the fecond
lombre de Vios is Portabtl, now chiefly inhabited
by the
paniardr and Mulattoes,and Blaekmoors, and Nombre de
)ios almoft utterly forfaken by reafon oiits unhealthful-
efs The(hips which were wont to anchor in Nombre
1 Vios, and thereto take in the Kings treafure, which is
early brought from Peru to Panama, and from thence to
he North-Sea, now harbour themfelves in Portabel%
vhich fignitíeth Porto bello, a fair and goodly Haven, for
b indeed it is, and well fortified at the entrance with three
3aftles, which can reach and command one another. The
bird and chief place belonging to the Spaniards in Caftel-
is Panama, which is on the weft fide and upon the
\adel oro
South-Sea. This City and Nombre de Vios were both
built by Vidacus de Niquefa. And Nombre de Dios was
fo calUct, becaufe Niquefa having been crofTed with ma-

ny rriichances and mifadventurcs at Sea, when he came

to this place greatly rejoycedj and bid his men now
 ;

i/o d New Survey Chap. X:

go on ihore in Nombre de Dios, in the
name of G
But as I have before obferved, the
air being here ,

healthy, the King of Spain in the

year ip 4 comm;
ded the houies of Nombre de Vios to
be pulled dov
and to be rebuilt in a more healthy
and conveni,
place- which was performed by
Peter Arias in Portal
bat being now upon Nombre de Vios,
I ihould wrong i
Country, if I fliould not fet out to
the publick view (
worth of her people Oiewed upon this
j place, and to tl
day talked on and adrrjired by the
v
Spaniards, who do I
only remember Sir Francis D^e, and
teach their childr
to dread and fear even his name for his
attempts upon Cc
thagena and all the Coaft about, and
efpecially upon Nomh
h0m " marchin g a s far a s the great Mounta
\?\°e
called bt. Pablo towards Panama bur furthermore
:
keep
five aroongftthem ("and in this my Hiftory it ihall not
die
the name of one or Sir Francis
Drake his followers and Cai
tains named John Oxmham, whofe attempt on this Coa
wasrefolare and wonderful.
This noble and gallant Gentleman arriving
with threi
Score and ten foldiers in his company as refolute
as hin
felf, a little above this Town
of Nombre de Vios, drew
fend his (hip, and covering it with boughs,
marched ove
ñie land with hi* Company guided by Blackmoors,
until h
came to a river¿where he cut down wood, made him
Pinnace, entred the South fea, went to the
Mand of Pearls
where he lay ten days waiting for a prize, which
happily h<
got C though not fo happily after kept it for from that
J lilanc
he ftt upoa two Spanifb (hips, and finding them
unable tc
nght, he fpeedily made them yield, and intercepted in them
ithreefcore thoufand pound weight of
gold, and two hun-
dred thoufand pound weight in bars or wedges of
filver,
fud returned fafcly again to the main land. And though
by reafonof a mutiny made by his own Company
he nei-
ther returned to his country, nor to his hidden
ihip; yet was
it fucb a ftrangc adventure as is not
to be forgotten, in that
she like was never by any other attempted, and
by the Spa-
niards is to this day with much admiration
recorded.
Much
hap. XIIL of the Weft-Indies. 171
not fubdued
anrea as yet is
Much part of this CajtelU
Spaniard*, and Co donbtlcfs a great treafureliah
the
Ihall a-
J in it for that
people and nation whofe thoughts
to
¡re to find it In the year 1637. when I chanced
out.
Panama returning homewards to my
Country, there
in
I«¿wii/,Barbarians, by way o£
me thither fome twenty
:ace to treat with the
Preiident of the Chancery concer-
yielding up thcmfclvcs to the
government or.
ns their
* Kingoftyw* But as I was informed aííerwardsat
artbaetna, nothing was concluded
upon, foi that thz Spa-
not truit thofe Indians, whom they have found
ards dare
againlt them for their hard ufage
, have rebelled often
them. Thefe Indians which then
Í
id carriage towards
iw were very proper, and lufty men, and weflcom-
tail,
red a hair as any our
lexioned > and among them one of as
can lhewi they had bobs of gold in their ears, and
ation
pieces of gold made like a halt moon
3 me of them little
argues ftore of that
anaine upom their nether lips, which
them. Unto this Country is joyning
reafure to be amongft
Stova Andaluzia, which hath
on the North tide CMadel
E and on the South Peru: The beft Cities in it uejocoto*
and another cal-
low by the Spaniards called St. Margaret!, '

Nova Granada is iituated on the Southlide

ed St. Efpirhu,
>f Carthagena, and from the
abundance and fertility of Gra-
tada in Spain it hath taken its name.
The chief Towns
FitftXwgia, which is fuppokd to
ind Cities in it are fix.
The fecond ^ochamum
is
be direaiy under the JEytaior.
of them all. The fourth,
The third, Popaian, the richeft
an Arch-bifliops feat, and a Court ot
Sta. Fee, or St.Faitb,
Guatema-
lufticeand Chancery, governed like Panama and
and a King* Attorney
la, by a Prefident and fix Judges,
have lix tnouiand
and two high Juftices of Court i who
Kings treafutc.
duckats a year allowed them out of the
City is Palma ; and the fixih Mtrida, From
Cat-
The fifth

through this Country of Granada\kd\ the road way

tbaaena
to Lima in Peru all by land. This Country is very ftrocg
reafon of the fituation of it much amongft ftony rocks,
6y
which there
which compafs and environ it, and through
are
 «7* A New Survey Chap. XH
tys which do yield much fruit,
There arc alio in it fome Mines
Com and Indian Mai
of fflver, and many g0

oiC^^^hathalfoa very fruitful foil, in the whic

The chief Cities in it are, fitliCW™, which Si

^Ä'«*atyear.j« 5 . furprifed, and us the Spa
«^affirm) burned poft pirt of it, and befides
M fm y
Ordn,nce.Z ?'
?l
I
kw " h hinifron"hcn=e a o.
' t

dare fay
fonably we forced 5 though
ineftima

now it hath not fo many

3
yet
pieceso
it is rea.

leisa farrand gallant City and

not fo ftr0 ng as
very rich, byíealon oftht
tmM
pearls which are brought
to it from Mafrita, and
the
ft mgs revenue, which

her t is a Kfoops feat,

from all /to, GrW, are fenc thi-
and hath many rich Churches
and Cloiftcrs I, , s not governed by a
Court of Juffice and
Chancery as Sta Fee ,s, but only by
one Governor. It hath
been often moved to the Council
of Spain to have fome Gal-
fcys made to run about
thofeSeas, and that Carthagena
be

WJ
i ,1
í'í
thelofs / ,°
f lh em
,
'
Ftom tllis Cit V re«'^d E„ .
cfthat liitle ffland named
and by the Spaniards Sta Catalina,
Providence by a
s
{
which though but
le m,ght nave been
of a great, nay greater advantage to
«ar Kingdom, than any other
of our Plantations in Ameri-
ca i which the Spaniards
well underiiood when they
f-t all
tneir ftrcngth of Carthagena
again» it; but 1 hope the Lord
hath his time appointed when
welball advantage our felves
by it again. To this City
of Carthagena cornet? every year
a! o infaall Frigots
rnofl of the Indigo, Cochineland
Sugar
which is made m the Country of Guatemala the
; Spaniards
thinkmg it fafer to (hip thefe iheir
goods in little Frigots up-
on the lake oi Granada in
Nxaragtta, and from thence to
end them to Carthagena tobe
(hipped with the Galcons
«hat come ftom Portabel with
the treafnreofF™, than to
fend them by the ftp, of
Hondmas, which have often been
a prey unto the
«,««*„. Thefe frigots were thought by
the
Iiap. XIII. of the Weft-Indies; 173
•
Spaniards the reach of Providence, and
to come too near
•retorc it hath been their
care and providence to remove

from this reach of their frigots. The feconcj great

»wn of this Country ofCartbagena is Abuida,
The third
I Martha, which is a rich government of tyawW/, and
th much fear our Englifh
and Holland (hips i it is feated
called St. John and Rio di
1the river de Abuida, other wife
md. There is alio Venezuela and New Caliz, great, rich
laft regions, Andaluzas
d ftiong Towns. Andthefe three
Granadal Carthagma, are by the Spaniards
ma, Nova
lied Tierra firme,or firm Und, for that they are the ftrength
bafis of this revcrfed i>
Peru from the North, and the

Thus have I brought thee, Gentle Reader, round about

merica, and (hewed thee the
Continent of that biggeft
obfervc
P of 'the world \ from the which thou mayil
ie power and
greainefs of the King of Spam, who hath
Dt under his Scepter
and Dominion fo many ihoufand
files which were they reckoned up, would be found to
e more than are about
all Europe, But not only is Ame-
glorying in
xa great and fpatiousby land, but alio by fea,
lore and fome greaser Iflands, then any
other part of the

rorld. It would but caufe tedioufnefs,

and feem prolixity
number them all up, which is a work hard and difficult,

or that many as yet are not known nor inhabited, and

and greatnefs is not difcovered for
vhofe goodnefs
•,

he Iflands calledLucaida are thought to be four hundred

,t leaft. Therefore I will omit to be over-tedious and
>rolix, and will but briefly (peak of the beft
and chief of
hem, taking them in order from that part of the Con»
:inent, Carthagena, where even now I left thee. But in
:he tirft place calls ¡upon my pen the Jewel Ifland called
Margarita, which isfituated in the fea nigh unto Caftella an*
tea,and not far diftant from two other Iflands, named Cu>
hagna and frinidado. True it is this Ifland of Margarita is
by fome much flighted for want of corn, gnfs, trees and
water-, infomuch that it hath been known fometime
that an inhabitant of that Ifland hath willingly
chan-
ged
 1/4 4 Neu> Survey Chap. XI]
ged for a Tun of water a Tun of Wine. But
the great
bundance of pretious (tones in it maketh amends
for the fc
rner wants and defe&s-, for from them is
the name of M&
garita impofed on that Ifland. But efpecially it yield(
(tore of pearls, thofe gems which the Latin writers a
Vmones, becaufe nulii duo reperimter indifcreti, they alwa-
are found to grow in couples, in this ifland there ai
many rich Merchants, who have thirty, forty,
fifty Blac
more llaves only to fiih out of the fea about
the rocks the'
pearls. Thefe Blackmoors are much made of by
their Mí
iters, who muft needs trufl them with treafure
hidden i
the waters, and in whofe will it is to pafs
by of thofe the
find, none, few, or many. They are let down in baskei
into the Sea, and fo long continue
under the water, urn
by pulling the rope by which they are
letdown, the
make their I7gn to be taken up. I have heard fome fay
tha
have thus dealt in pearls, thai the chief
meat they feed thei
Blackmoors with, is roait nr.eat, which maketh
them keei
their wind and breath longer in the
water. From Mar
garita are ail the Pearls fent to be refined and bored to Car
thagena where is a fair and goodly fireet of no other (hop
than of the Pcarl-drcffcrs. Commonly in the month o
July there is a Chip or two at moft ready in «hat Ifland
t(
carry the Kings revenue, and the Merchants
pearls to Car
tbagma. One of thefe (hips are valued commonly at
three-
feore thoufand, oí fourfcore thoufand duckats, and
fome-
times more i and therefore are reäfonable well
manned i foi
chat the Spaniards much fear our
Englifh and the Holland
mps. The year that Í was in Carthagena, which was IÍÍ37
* (hip of thefe laden with pearls was chafed by one of om
ihips trom the IflandoiProvider.ee ( by fome it was thought
to be cur flwp called the Meptmie ) which after
a little fight-
ing had aimoft brought the poor Spaniard to
yield his
pearls, and had certainly carried away that
great treafure
(as ! was informed in Cartbagena four days alter the
fight
by a Spaniard who was in the (hip of Margarita
) had not
two other íhips oí Holland come between to challenge
from
our Englijh mm that prize, alkdging their privilege from
the
 :

up. XIII. of the Weft-Indies. i/ 5

mighty States united for all prizes upon thofe feas ana
ft.And whilft our Englifh and Hollander did thus ftrive
the Pearls, the Spanijh ihip ran on ihore
upon a little
nd, and fpeedily unladed and hid in the woods part of
tre'afures, and perceiving the Hollander
coming eagerly
purfuit of it, the Spaniard iet on fire the ihip, and nei-
r Spaniard^ Englijh, nor Hollander, enjoyed what might
/e beeny a great and rich prize to England. From Car-
to bring home the
mena was font prefently a man of War
iris hid in the wood, which were not the third part oí
latwasin the ihip.
Jamaica is another liland under the power of the Sf ani-
ls* which is in length
280 miles, and 70 in breadth, which
)ugh it exceed Margarita in fweet and pleafant ftreams
far inferiour to in riches.
d fountains of water, yet is it

me Hides, fome Sugar, and foroe Tobicco are the chief

mmodities from thence. There are only two Towns of
>te in it, Orijtana and Sevilla \hexe are built (hips which
ve proved as well at Sea, as thofe that are made in Spain*
lis liland was once very populous, and now
ísalmoíj de-
tute of Indians •,
for the Spaniards have flain in it more
an tfoooo * infomuch that women as well here as on-
e Continent did kill their children before they had given
em that the iffues of their bodies might not ferve fo
life,

uel a nation. But far beyond the two former is the I-

ind of Cuba, which is three hundred miles long, and fe-
:nty broad, which was firft made known to Europe hf
olumbus his fecond navigation. This liland is foil of Fo-
ils,Lakes, and mountains. The air is very temperate, the
¿1 fértil, producing brafs of exacl: perfection, and
very
>me gold though drcffie hath formerly been found in it*
aboundeth alio with Ginger, Caflia, Maftick, Aloes, fome
iinnamon, Cana riftuU, Sarzapariila, and Sugar, and hath'
f fieih, fifli, and fowls great plenty i but efpeciaily fach
ore of fea Tortois, and Hogs, that the Chips at their .re-
am to Spain mike their chief provifion of them.Myfelf
hanced to take phyfick and whereas 1 thought
there,
hat day I ihould Irave a Fowl, or rabbet after my Phy-
fieks
 ;

\7& J Neu? Survey Chap. XI]

fick working, they brought rre a boyled
piece of fre
young Pork, which when I refuted to eat, they
aííured m<
was thebeft diih the Dc&ors did ufe to prefcribe upon 1
The chief Cities of this
Mandare S antjago on the Nc
then ihore built
hy James de Valafco, a Bi(hops feat ai
i
iecondly, Havana, which is alfo on the
Northen íhore ai
is a fate road for (hips, and
the itapie of merchandize at
i as the Spaniards call it ) the key of all the Wejl-India's
lock up or unloek she door or entrance
to all ¿merit
Hete nctah the King of 5>^'/Navy, and
here meet
the Merchant (hips from feveral ports
and Havens of í
thofe Countries aforenamed, whether from
the Iflands, (

from the Continent; in a word, here commonly

in'tl
month oí September joyned
is all the treafure, as 1 may fa
of America, all King of Spam revenues, with as muc
the
more of Merchants goods, which the year that I was
thei
were thought tobe in all the worth of thirty millions.
An
the mips which that year there did meet
to firengthe
cneanotherwere53fai?,and fet out fooner that year tha
any other, upon the 16. oí September, having
that day
tair wind to waft them homewards
through the Gulf c
Bahama.^ Havana therefore being the fWe-houie of a
American treafure, it hath been the Spaniards great care
t
fortifie that i and truly it isfofirong,
that the Spaniard
hold it ímpoiíible to be taken, and do boaft of
four impreg
nable Forts, to wit, at Aniw.rp, Millan Pampehna,
and Ha
y

vana. This hath two fírong Caüíeí, the one at the poin
or entrance of the Haven toward the Sea
the other i mow
within, on the ofhéríide almoft over againft if, which
twt
Caftles ( the paffage in the mouth of the haven being
ft
narrow, that one only (hipinbreait may enter ) will keef
and defend the Port from many hundred fail. I wasmj
fcf in the great and chief Caille, and truly found it verj
fhong, though by land I judge it, might be as eafily
ta-
ken, as other ftrong Cafiles here tn Europe have
been o-
verpowcreu by a great and powerful Army. It hath in
H
betides many others, twelve pieces of Ordnance of brafá
exceed
hap. XIII. of the Weft-Indíes] 1 77
ceeding great, which they call. The twelve Apoftles. But
it could not^ once de-
all this ilrength of the Havana,
•

id fix or feven millions ( according

to the Spaniards own

;ount ) which the one part of the Kings Navy brought

>m St.John de Vlbua to the fight of this impregna-
:fort, and protected with fuch twelve Apoftles.
It was

I take it the year 1629. when that

ever renowned Hoi-
ider ( whom like unto our Vrak$ the Spaniard* to this
yfearand tremble at, calling him Fie de Valo^ that is,
>oden kg ) waited at the Cape of St. Anthony for tht
anijh fleet of Nova Hifpania which according to his ex-
,

äation coining, he manly fet upon it 3 faluting and wel-

ining the great treafure in it with a full fide of roaring
rdoance the found was more doleful than joyful and
•,

¡Icome to the Spaniards, who thought it fafer íleeping

a whole skin, than to be unquiered by fighting, and
th the fight of torn and mangled bodies, by Mars his
rious and fiery balls, and fo called a Council of War to
blve what they (houlddo to Cave the Kings great treafure
rich was intruded to them in thofe (hips. The refult
the Council was to flie and with fome difcharging of thei»
rdnance to defend themfelves , until they could put
to a river in the Ifland of Cuba, not far from Havana
lied Matanzas, There were in that fleet of Spain many
illants and Gentlemen, and two Judges of the Chance-
of Mexico, which were that year fent to Madrid z$
ilty in the mutiny before mentioned » there was in it of

y acquaintance a Dominican Fryetf, named Fryer Ja-

ttho'de Hozes, been fent to thofe parts to viíiü
who had
the Dominican of New Spain, and had got of
Cloifters
ibes at leaft eight thoufand duckats ( as I was
informed
e year after by a Fryer his companion,
whom he fent
>m Havana to Guatemala, to make known to his friends

5 lofs of he had got, and to beg a new cond-

all that

ition to help him home ) there wasalfo in that fleet Dm

'artm de Carih, who was the Inquifitor and Commifli-
íer to judge the Delinquents in the fore-mentioned mu-
w of Mexico, who was thought to have got twen-
178 A New Survey Chap. XII
ty thoufcnd duckats clear ;befides thefe a Biihop at
many rich Merchantman under the command oí Don
de Guzman y Torres, Admiral
JHl
to all the Fleet They \
fled for their lives and goods
; but thegallani
HollaiA
chaied them. The Spaniards thinking the
Hollanders wou
not venture up the river after them, put
into Metanzo
but foon after they had entrcd, they
found the river U
Ihallow for their heavy and great
bellied GaIeons,and
run them upon ground i which done,
the better and rich-
fort efcaped to land, endeavouring to efcape
with wh
wealth they could ; fome got out
Cabinets, fome bag:
which the Hollanders perceiving came upon
let mefkngers, which ioon
them with &
overtook and ftopt their flyir
treafurcs. Some few Cabinets were hid, all the reft
b
came that day the gallant Fie de Palo or
the wooden 1<
captains prize for the mighty States of
Holland. The Fr
er Hozes wasgot into a boat with his
Cabinet under his h;
bit, which had in it nothing but
chains of gold, diamond
pearls and precious ftones i and half
a dozen Hollande
leapt into the boat after him, and fnatched
it from him, ;

his own friend and companion related

after to us in Gnat
mda. Don Juan de Guzman y lorres the Admiral
, when r
came to Spain was imprifoned, loft his wits for
a while, an
after was beheaded. Thus in the light of impregnable
vana and of thofc 1 2 brazen Apoftlcs,
H
was Holland glor
ous and made rich with a feven million
prize.
But before I end this Chapter, I may not
forget thechie
eft oí all the liiands cf this new world, which iscallfl
fpanida , and formerly by rhe natives Hatie, which
lamen
an the lofs of at leaft three millions of Indians mw there
by her new Matters of Spain. Tlasiftand
is the biggeft thi
as yet is difcovered in all the world,
it is in compafs aboi

j *oo miles, and enjoyeth a temperate

air, a fértil foil, ric
mines ; and trades much in Amber,
Sugar, Ginger, Hide
and Wax h reported for certain that herein 2oda
is
5
herbs will ripen and roots alfo and
be fit to be eatei
which is a ftrong srgument of theexad
temperature of th
air. h yieldeth in nothing to Cub, but excelled) in thre
thing
:hap. XIIL of the Weft-Indies: 1
79
flings efpecially
*, the finenfs of the gold, which is
firft in

ere more pure arid unmixed

fecondly, in the increafe of
-,

Sugar, one Sugar Cane here filling 20 and fometiir.es

he
meafure i and thirdly in the goodnefs of the foil for
illage, com here yielding an hundred fold. This fer-
the
ility is thought to becaufed by four great Rivers, which
?atcr and enrich all the four quarters of the íílaod s
four do fp'ing from one only mountain, which
ftandeth
11

the very midft and center of the Country ,Juna

the
1

unning to the Eaft, Artibinnacm to the Weft, J.ucbus to

he Northland Naibus to the South.
This Country is fo repleniikd with Swine and
Qattle,

hat they become wild among the Woods, and Mountain?,

líland, and want provifi-
b that the ihips that fail by this
here aihore where it is little inhabited, and kill
of
>n, go
Dattle,wildfwine and boars, till they have made up a 'plent-
iful Much of this Country is not inhabited, l>y
provition.
eafon that the Indians- Kt quite coniumed.
The chief
)laces in it aie firft St. Domingo,
wheie there is a Spanijh
teiident and Chancery, with fix Judges
and the other of-
icers belonging to it, and it Is
the Seat ofan Arch-biibop,

vho though he enjoy not fo much yearly rent and

reve-

other Arch-biihops,efpecially they of Mexico and Li-

>ues as
for that lie is
nas yet he hath an honour above all the reí!,
of the India's, this líland" having been con-
he Primate all
antiquity above
jueicd before the other parts, and fo bearing
hem all. There are alfo other rich Towns of trading, as Sta.

lfabella,St.<tbome,$t.Jén,Maragna¿nd Porto. And thus hath

ny pen run over Sea and Land,lilandsandmoftoftheCon-
inent that is fubjeft to the Spaniards, to
(hew thee, my Rea-
called America be-
der,the ftate of America at this time. It is
difcovered it, though after-
•aufe America Fefpufius firft
thefe Coun-
wards Columbus gave us the firft light to difcern
tries both by example and
dire&ions. Befides the faóhons
and thole
fpoken of before between the Native Spaniards
that come from Spain, there is yet
further in moft parts of

it, but efpecially in Peru, a deadly fa&ion and mortal ha-,

tred between the Bijcains and the

Spaniards oíCafiilemá
N 2 H#re.
 1 8o A New Survey Chap. XIV
EJlremadura, which hath much ihaken the quiet ftate of it
and threatned it with rebellion and deftru&ion.
There we in all America four Arch-biihopricks, which ar
Sto. Domingo, Mexico, Lima and Sta. Fee, and
above thii
ty inferiour Biihops. The politick Adminiftration or Ju
committed to the two Viceroys refiding a
fflce is chiefly

Lima and Mexico, and withfubordination unto them unt

other Prefidents, Governours, and high Juftices,
calle*
Alcaldes Majorei \ except it be the Prefident of GuatemaU
and of Santo Domingo, who are as abfolute in power as
th
Viceroys, and have under them Governours, and
higl
Juftices, and are no ways fubordinate to
the forme
Viceroys, but only unto the Court and Council
c
Spain.

CHAP. XIV.

Shewing my 'journey from Mexico to Chiapj

Southward, and mofl remarkable places in tk
way.

HAvingnow gone round America with a brief and 9

it, my defire is to (hew unte
perhcial dcfcription of
my Reader what parts of it Í travelled through, and die
abide in, observing more particularly
the ftate, condition
itrength, and commodities of thofe
Countries which li«
m Southwards from Mexico. It is further my defire, nay
chief ground of this my Hiftory, that
th(

whilft my Countn
dotn here obferve an Englifh man become
American, tt*
veiling many thoufand miles there,
as may be noted fron
St. John de Vlbua to Mexico, and
from thence Southwarc
to Panama, and from thence
Northward again to Cartba
gena, and to Havana, Gods goodnefs
may be admired, and
his providence extolled who fufad
not the meaneft and
unworthieft of all his Creatures to periih in
fuch unknown
Countries \ to be fwailüwed by North and
South-fea, where
Chip-
bap. XIV. of the Weft-Indies. i8t
^wracks were often feared i to be loft in WilderneiTes
lere no tongue could give directions i to be devoured by
olves, Lions, Tigeis or Crocodiles, which there fo much
>und i to fall from ftecpy rocks and mountain?, which
m to dwell in the aerial Region i and threaten withfear-
fpe&acles of deep and profound precipices, a horrid and
vitable death to thofe thif climb up to them » to be cat-
up by the greedy Earth which there doth often quake
I tremble, and hath iometimes opened her moath to
w in Towns and Cities , to be ftricken with thofe fiery
ts of Heaven and thunderbolts, which in winter feafon
eaten the Rocks and Cedars * to be inchanted by Satans
truments, Witches and Sorcerers, who there as on their
n ground play their pranks more than in the parts of
liftendom s to be quite blinded with Romifh Errors and
>erftitions, which have double blinded the purblind hea-

nifli > to
Idolaters be wedded to the pleafurcs and li-
tioufnefs, which do there allure i to be glutted with
plenty and dainties of fiíh, fleih, fowls, and fruits, which
there entice i to be puifed up with the fpirit of pride and
verful command and authority over the poor Indians^
ich doth there provoke j to be tied with the Cords of va-

y and ambition, which there are ftrongi

and finally to
glewed in heart and affection, to the drofs ofgold, filver,
rls and Jewels, whofe plenty there both bind, blind, cap-

ite and end ave the foul. O

I fay, let the Lords great

>dnefs and wonderful providence beobferved, who fuf-

:dnot an Englijh flranger in all thefe dangers to mifcar-
but was a guide unto him there in all his travels, difco*
ed unto him as to the fpies in Cataan, and as to Jo~
; wealth and riches of that world,
in Egypt the provifion,
I guided him back, to relate to England the truth
fafely
what no other English eye did ever yet behold. From
month of Oäober until February I did abide with my
nds, and companions, the Fryers under command of
jet Calvo in that houfe of recreation called St. Jacktbo,

\ from thence enjoyed the fight of all the Towns and of

iaf elfe was worth the feeing about fdzpico. But the
JJ. 2
tinae
 llT

\% 7 A New Survey Chap. XIV

time Í was there, í was careful to inform my felf of the
ftate of PhMppiuMj whither my firft pmrpofes had drawr
me hom Spain, it was my fortune to light uponaF)ryei
and an accquaintance of fome of my friends, who was tha
jear newly come from Manila whither I was going, wh(
wiihed me and fome other of my friends as we tendred ou:
fouls and good, never to go to thofe parts, which were bu
fnares and trap doors to let down to hell, where occati
oris and temptations to fin were daily many in number

.
mighty in ftrengtb, and to gee out of t\am> labor opus &
hard and difficult. And that himielf, had not he by ftealtl

gotten away ( and that to fave his foul ) certainly he ha<

never come from thence", who had often upon his knee
begged leave of his fuperiours to return to Sp¿in, an<
could not obtain it. Many particulars we could not ge
from him, nor the reafons of his coming away i Only 'hi
would often fay, that the Fryers that live there are d(;vil
in private and in thofe retired places where they live a
mdng the Indians to inltruä and teach them, and yet ii

publickbtfore their fuperiours and me reft of the Fryersthe

mult appear Saints, they muft put on the cleakof hypo
c?ii*e to cover their inward dcviiiíhneís, they muft be cloa

thed with ihceps skins though within they be lupi rapace.

ravenous Wolves, ravening after their neighbours Wive
and ra vening after their neighbours wealth í and yet wit
all this unpreparednefs, with this outward, feeming an

frothy fandity, and inward helliihnefs and deeproote

woildlinefs and covetoufnefs, when the Superiours corr
mand and pkafe to fend them, they muft go in a difgu
kd manner to Japan or China to convert to Chriiiianit
thofe people though and danger of thei
with peril
lives. Many fuch like difcourfes we got out of this Fry
cr, and that if we went to live there, we muft be fubjed
to the penalties of many Excommunications for trivi
al toys and trifles, which the Superiours do lay upo:
the Confciences of their poor Subjects, who may as fooi
itrive againft the common courfe of nature not to fe
wiih their cycs nor hear with their cars, nor fpeak wit
}

thej
hap. XIV. of the Weft-Indies. 185
út tongues, as to obferve all thofe things which againft
ife,rcalon and nature with grievous cenfures and Ex-
mmunications are charged and fanned upon them.
:told us further of fome Fryers that had defpaired under
:>fe rigorous courfes, and hanged themfelves, not being
le to bear the burden of an airlifted and tormented Con-
ence iand of others that had been hanged, forne for
urthering of their rigid and cruel Superiours \ and fome
at had been found in the morning hanging with their
eans at the Cloifter gates, having been found toge-
er in the night, and fo murthered and hanged upei-
er by the true Husband, or by fome other who bare af=
äion to the Woman. Thefe things feemed to us ve-
ilrange, and we perceived that all was not gold that
iftered, nor true zeal of our fouls that carried fo ma-
'
from Spain to thofe parts i or if in fome there were at
ft a better and truer zeal than in others, when they
me to Philippinix, and among thofe ftrong temptations,
e found that their zeal was foon quenched. This rea-
n moved me and three more of my friends to relent in
ir puipofes of leaving America, and going any fur-
ler, for we had learned that maxim, Qui arnat perieu-
w», peribit in illo i and qui tangit picem? inquinabitur ab ea \

e that foveth the danger, (hall fall and perifh in it \ and

j that toucher h pitch íhall be fmeared by it. Where-

ire we communed privately with our felves, what couife

e might take, how we might that year return beak to

paiiiy or where we might abide,, if we returned not to

pain. For we knew, it our Superiour Calvo íhould under-

and of our purpofes to go no further, he would lay up-
[i us an Excommunication to follow him, nay, and that
e would fecure us in a Gloifter prifon till the day and

me of our departure from Mexico. Our resolutions

re made a fecret of our hearts i yet could not I but
npart it to one more fpecial and of
intimate friend
line, who was an Injh Fryer, named Ibomas de Leon^
/hom I perceived a linjc troubled with io long a jou**-
ey as was at hand, snd found often wiíhing he had never
4 N -come '
1 84 J New Survey Chap. Xí\
c ome from Spain and as foon as
I had acquainted hi
with what I meant to do, he rejoyced and promifed
ftay with me. The time was ihort which we had to di
pofe of our (elves \ but in that time we addreiTed our fclv
toforne Mexican Fryers, and made known unto them, th
if our Superiour Calvo would give us leave, we
wou
willingly ftay at Mexico or in any Cloifter thereabouts, uj
til we
could better fit our (elves to return to Spain agai
But they being natives and born in that Country difcov
red prefently unto us that inveterate fpight and hat»
which they bare to fuch as came from Spain ; they told
plainly that they and true Spaniards born did never agn
and that they knew their Superiors would be unwilling i

admit of us yet furthermore they informed us that th

•,

thought we might be entertained in the Province of Gttai

aca, where half the Fryers were of Spafa and half Crioliai
and Natives > but in cafe we ihould at» fpeed there, th<
would warrant us we ihould be welcorxie to the Provim
of Guatemala, where almoft all the Friers were of Spai
and did keep under fuch as were Natives born in "th
Country. It did a little trouble us to confider that Guatem
la was three hundred leagues off, and that we were igm
mit oí the Mexican tongue, and unprovided of mony an
horfes for fo long a journey. But yet we confidered ?k
Uppinas to be further, and no hopes there of returning ev
again toChriilendomi wherefore we refolved to rely upc
Gods providence only, and to venture a three hundn
leagues joujrnéy with what fmaH means we had, and to fi
vi hat Books and fmall trifles we hsd, to make much m<
as
'ny asmight buy each of us a horfe. But while we we!
thus preparing our felves fecretly for Guatemala we wei
affrighted and with what in the like cafe
diíheai tened l

ours happened. AFryer of our company named Fryi

Feter BorraUr^ without acquainting us or any other of
h
friends with what he intended, made a fecret efcape fioi
us, and (as after we were informed ) took his way alone
t

Guatemala. This io incenfed our Superiour Calvo, thí

after great fetich and enquiry after him, he betook
himfe

I
 *m
185
, XIV. of theV/tñ-lnáks.
and Proclamation in
the Viceroy, begging his
pubh k Äet^lacl
affiflance

for the better finding

out his M
hide, or pnv*-to
ep^ndalledging that none ought to
b'jur an Fry'r that

as to preach there the

hadbeenfent
Gofpd,for
werefem by the King of Spam,
whofe charges they had been
from
that the M
Spain to
Fhfc
F«Y-
whofc bread they had
brought from Spam
, and at
charges ought to be ar-
Mexico, and at the fame Kings
;

Philippine, and therefore if

any Fry-
id from Mexico to
of his purpose of go-
now in the half way mould recant
mould by flight efcape Ircm his Su-
g to miippin^ and
iiour anfthe reft of his
company, the fame ought to be
defrauding the K mgs charges.
This
miihed as guilty of
and State reafon, prevail-
afon of C«/w being a politick
immediately he comman-
I fofar with the Viceroy, that
made againft whofoever ihould
I a Proclamation to be
ihould not pioduce
now of the faid Peter Borralh and
Highneft, or would harbour him or any other
im to his
ryer belonging to Philippine
(wm that time forward un-
Acapuko j and that who-
il the ihips were departed from
trefpafs againft this Proclamation ihould fuf-
ever ihould
his Highnefs his will
and pleafure, and
>r imprifonment at

penalty of rive hundred duckats to be paid in at the

he
Cings Exchequer. With this Proclamation Crttt began
tell us, we were the Kings
llaves
o infult over us, and to
and that if any of us durft leave him
indei his condud,
he doubted not but with
for he was jealous of moft of uO
'

and Proclamation he ihould find

he Viceroy his afliftance
out to our further ihame and con-
i0 th us andPtfer Borrallo
This did very much trouble us, and
made .ray I*
Eufion.
his cou-
rifh friend Thomas de Leon his heart to faint, and
renounce before me his foe-
rage to relent, and utterly to
of flaying and hiding himfelf i yet he pro-
raer purpofe
tefted to me, if I was itill of the fame mmd, he would
weaknefs, I durft not
not difcover me', but feeing his
were of his mind. Thus I
truft him, but made as if I

of my friends ( of
betook my fdf to the other three
Antonio Mdenéz that had been
the
whom one was
 I 86 'A New Survey Chap. XV
firft caufc of my coming
from Spain) whom I foui
much troubled, doubtful and wavering
what courfe

Theyconfidcredifwcfliouldflie,whatafliameit wou
be tous to betaken and brought
back to Mexico as pi
loners, and forcedly againft
our wills to be (hipped to Ph
hppiw, they confidered further if
they wen?, what a fl
viih and uncomfortable life
they ihould live in Philippic
without any hopes of ever returning
again toChriftcndorr
yet further they looked upon the
Viceroy his Proclama tioi
znd tnought it hard to breakthrough
the oppofition an
authority of fo great a man and laftly, in
i the Procli
mation they beheld the eüimation that
Calvo had of therr
as o., laves and fugitives tobe cryed in
a publick Mai
feet- place. But after all thefe ferious thoughts our
on!
comfort was [hat Peter Batallo was faiely
efcaped, and ( a
we were informed ) had bacn met far from
Mexico tra
velhng alone towards Guatemala. And
we thought wfv
might not we cfcapcas well as he?
Then I told' then
that my rtfolution was to flay,
though alone I returnee
utner to Spain, or took my journey to
Guatemala ; the ref
were glad to fee me rcfolutc, and gave
their hands that the>
would venture as much as I ihould. Then we
fet upon the
lime when we ihould take our flight,
and agreed that every
one ihould have a Horie in readinefs
in Mexico, and thai
ine night before the reft of our
company mould depart
from Mexico towards Aeapulco to take (hipping,
we ihould
by two and two in the evening leave
St. Jachaba, vid
meet in Mexico where our Horfes flood, and
from thence
let out and travel all that night,
tnc M continuing our journey fo
twoor three nights and refting in the daytime
mil we were feme twenty or thirty leagues from Mexico]
for we thought the next morning Calve awaking and mif-
img us would not flop the journey of the reft of
hi* com-
pany for our
fake toiearch and inquire after us or
i if he
did, it would be but
for one day or two at the moil, till
he
had inquired for us in Mexico, or a days journey
in fome of
the common or beaten roads of Afraid, where we would be
fare
 i¿7,
ip. XlV. of the Weft-Indies:
to travel
he íhould not heat
of us i for we alfo agreed
the hrft two or three
>f any common
or know road for
well performed and
,s Thisreiolution was by us as
been argreed upon, though fome had
don as it had id neve, be kept
betwixt four cou
fearful that a counfel
journey asof 9 oo miles be compaffed
nor fueh a long
as wasamongtt us, for
he
fuch fmallmeansof mony
ourfelves and Borles s for after our Horfes
n enance of
putfe, and appointed one
"bought, we made a common
all there
be the pufe bearer,
and found thatamongl us,
and entiful coun-
re but ao

was not
duckats, which in that

much more than here

rich
)oWUte
p

but as a morning dew which would

¡ch feemed to us
only for our Horfes-, yet we re-
n be fpent in provender
go on, «lying more upon the providence of God,
"ed to
means-, and indeed this proved to
n upon any earthly and hlver
afXtterfuppor/thanallthedrofs of gold
-
-and we reckoned that after we had tr
aid have done
«nd entred without fear
led 40 leagues from
Mew»,
in
20 duckats neer 4 ° ff
o th*road, we had for our
The reafon was,for thatmoftcom-
t common purfe.
to Fryers Cloifiers who knew us
onl, we went either
thought nothing
I or to rich farms of Spaniards who
would not only entertamus ftately,
o good for us, and two
departure would give us mony for one or
, !t our
All our fear was to get fafdy out of Ate»,
aysiourney.
* Y from
t we had been
informed that Calvo had obtained
watch in the chiefeft roads both day
é vfce.oy officers to
night till he had depatted
with his Train of fry»,
nd
° we got a true
Andta'all the Viceroy his Proclamation
who offered to guide us out of tfxm hy-
tnd ttuftY friend,
would watch
uia way as we needed not to fear any
So with our friend and a map about us to guide us
^or us.
fet out of
after he had left us,
in the morning we cheerfully

about ten of the clock at night, about the middle of

Mexico
about Guadalupe which was
Febmory and meeting no body
the contrary way to Guate.
the way we went out ( though
 '

»88 J New Survey

A
w
till if;
Wfiííí
yfhouM
the
PUrp0fe
fol,owed
beb:ict j we comfortabl
We
y travelled
morning we came rn a liffi.Tn
chap. XI
*«*»
all ,h
!
the
nig
6 ,
I

and Capon
P
óurft^T '/"J^ t0 break ou,^w ¡

bdCT h£ returned
fail ttt
being/I'"'
ended
'-

we took cur leave ofhim, and

t0 **»* Bre
re/! that we rrjight wen,
be more able to perform
mgtes journey, which was to ate tía
crofs .he Country tow
ñlCh d
tñZ
and doth grve""l
3
*" y "f^enty mfe about aMfl
it the name
of the valley of Atüxu and i
avail,, much mentioned
in all thofe parts, o
ceedmg ^th e X
year
great plenty of Wheat
a 11(i
that is there reaped
„ the chief (uitenance and relief of
an (he Towns about. In
this valley are many
ever,
ES
rich Towns
*¿kfM and Uiu«, bul W e' 1}wmied
hern, and went from farm
to farm out of the high-
^ ¿¿3
where we found good entertainment ways
and Yeomen who bare
cf thofe rich
fueh refped unto the
% rm»
« y they thought themfelves hap'py with our
Here we began to (hake off all
Priefttha
company
fear, and would no
more
an d WfSf!ie ¡n ' he ni ht b
wifh mo ,° 6 ' 'hatwem™S «
7hiZ ?
'" ,ureen '°y che Profped of that
,

valley, and of

>ng the Country, we went from thence towards

valley called the valley
another
of St. Wfc, VmU valley,
which
hough it be not as big as the
to be a r.cher valley for
valley of A,l,fi„, t'iThdo J
, here they en oy a double
of Wheat ever year. The firft hrveft
feed they fow is watered
and grows vvuh , he ommon ,.

ftifon ra n .
and
feed which they fow in Summer as foon as their
firft har-
veft .s in, when the feafon of rain is pall,
they water with
many Springs which fall into that valley
from the Moun-
tams wnich round befit it,
and let in the water among
heirwheatatthcrpleafure, and take it away
when they
1 I"
lveYemnen "pon nothing but their
who are judged to be worth fome twenty farni
thoufand, feme
thirty thoufand, fome iorty
thoufand duckats. In this val-
ley
ap.XlV. oftbeWe&-lndks: 18?
we chanced to light upon one farr» where the Yeoman
country- man to my friend Antonio Mrfendez, born in

few in Spain, who for his fake kept us three days and
its with him. His table was as well fumiihed as the
e of a Knight might be, his fide board full offilver
vis and cups, and plates intfead of trenchers he fpared
•-,

dainties which might welcome t,sto his table, no per-

les which might delight us in our chambers,
no mufick
-hich his daughters were brought up to)
which might
h more pkaiure help to pafs away the time. To him
ionio Melendez made known our journey
towards Gua~
\ala\ and from him we received directions
which way
fiecrour coüife until we might be throughly freed from
rand danger here we began to fee the great providence
:

God, Who had brought us being (hangers to fuch a

mds houfé, who not only welcomed us to him, but
íen we departed gave us a guide for a whole day, and
towed upon us twenty duckats to help bear our char-

;. From this valley we wheeled about to Tafeo, a Town

fome five hundred Inhabitants which en joyeth great
mmerce with the Country about by reafon of the great
ire of Cotton-wool which is there. And here we^ were
ry well entertained by a Fiandfcan Fiyer, who being of
tain made the more of us 3 knowing we came from thence.
:re we got into the Road of Gmxaca, and went to
nulla, which alfo aboundeth with Cotton- wool, but in
we found no entertainment but what our own purfes
ould afford us. Next to this place is a great Town cal-
d Zumpango, which doth con fi ft of at lean: eight hundred
ihabitants, many of them very rich both Indians and
paniards. Their commodities are chiefly Cot ton- wool,
rid Sugar, and Cochinel. But beyond this Town are the
fountains called la Mefteca, which abound with many rich
rid great Towns, and do trade with the belt filk that is in

11 that Country. Here is alfo great tfore of Wax and Ho-

y and Indians live there who traffique to Mexico, and a-
i

i0ut the Country with twenty or thirty mules of their own,

hopping and changing, buying and idling commodities,

snd
 ipo 'A New Survey Chap. XI
and fomeofthem are thought to be worth ten, or twe
or fifteen thoufand duckats, which is much
for an Im
to get among the Spaniards, who think all theriche
America little enough for themfcJves. From chele
Mo
tains of M'rfeca to Guaxaca we faw little obfervable, c
Towns of two or three hundred inhabitants j rich Chur
es, well built, and better f urniihed within with larr
candleiiicks, crowns of iilver for the feveral ftatuts
Saints> and all the way we did observe a very
fruitful |

for both Indian and Spanifh Wheat, much

Sugar, mi
Cotton-wool, Hony, and here and there fome Cochir
and of Plantins, and other fweet and lufcious fruit
gr
ftorei but above all great abundance of
Cattle, wh
Hides are one of the greateit commodities that from
th<
parts are fent to Spain. Some reported that about A
fieca formerly much gold had been found, and the Indi
were wont to ufe it much, though now they will not

known of any, left the greedinefs of the Spaniard* bri

them to mifery and deftru&ion, as it hath their ncig
bours about them. Alfo it is reported for certain that thi
arcJWincs of iilver, though as yet the Spaniards have r
found them.
There are many Mines of Iron which the Spaniard* v\
not bulie themfelves in digging, becaufe they have it chea
erfrom Spain ; horn hence we came to the City of Gtta
ma, which is a Biihops Seat, though not very big, yet
fair and beautiful Cry to behold. It fiandeth threefee
leagues from Mexico in a plcafant valley,from when
Cortez was named Mar quefs del Valle, the Marquéis oft
Valley. This City, as all the reft of America, ( except tl

Sea Towns) lyeth open without Walls Bulworks,Fcrts,Tov

;

crs, or any Cattle, Ordnance or

Ammunition to defend i

It may moil two thoufand inhabitants, ar

confift of at the
are governed by a Spanifh high Juftice called Aleak
Major, whofe power reacheth over all the Valley, an
beyond it as far as Nixapa, and almoft to Tecoantepcqu
a Sea Town upon Mar del Zur. The Valley isof at lea
tuteen miles in length, and ten in breadth, where rur
net
 1

iap. XIV. of the Weft-Indies. 1 9

1 in the midft a goodly River yielding great ftore of fifli.
I Valley is full "of Sheep and other Cattel, which yield

:h Wool to the Clothiers of the City of Angelt, fiore

lides to the Merchants of Spain, and great provifion
t£Íh to the City of Gnaxaca^ná to alltheTowns about,
ich arc and do maintain many Cloiiters
exceeding rich,

Fryers, and Churches with ftaiely furniture belonging

them. But what doth make the Valley oí Guaxaca
be mentioned far and near, are the good horfes which
bred in it, and eileemed to be the belt oí all the Coun-
, In this Valley alio are fome forms of Sugar, and
at ftore of fruits, which two forts meeting together
re cryed up the City of Guaxaca for the beit Gon-
iresand Preferves that are made in America. In the
ty fome iix Cloiiters of Nuns and Fryers, all oí
there are
:m exceeding rich i but above all is the Closer of the
iminican Fryers, whofe Church treafure is worth two
three millions and the building of it the faireft and
;

)ngeft in all parts, the Walls are of none fo

thofe
)ad, that a part of them being upon finiihing when Í
is there, I faw Carts go upon them, wish Hone and o-
zt matetials. Here are alio two Cloiiters ofNUnSj which
e talked of far and near, not for their religious' pracMes,
it for their skill in making two drinks which are ufed

thofe parts, the one called Chocoiatte( whereof Ifháll

:ak hereafter ) and the other Atolle, which is like unto
irAlmond Milk, but much thicker, and is made of
e juyce of the young Maiz or Indian Wheat, which
ey fo confe&ion with fpices, musk, and Sugar, that
is not only admirable in the iweetnefs of the lmell, but
mch more nouriihing and comforting to the üoinach.
'his is not a commodity that can be transported from

íence, but is to be drunk there where it is made. But the

¡her, Cbocolatte, is made up in Boxes, and fent not only to

lexkomd the pares thereabouts, but much of it is yearly

ranfported into. Spain, ThisCity oí Guaxaca is the richer
y reaíon of the fafety they enjoy for the carriage oí
tieir Commodities to and from the. Port of St. John de
 :

19* A New Survey Chap. XI

Vlhua by the great River Alvarado which runneth
not
from if, and although the Barks come not to
the City
Guaxaca, yet they come up to the Zapoteen,
and to
Ildefonfo, which is not far from Guxxaca.
And the cai
lefnefs of the Spaniards here is to be
wondrcd at, that
along this River which runneth up into the
heart of th
Country, they have built as yet no Catties,
Towers,
Watch-houfes, or planted any Ordnance, trufting
only
this, that great (hips cannot come up,
as if Prigots or fm<
IcrBarks, fuch as they themfclves ufe, may not
be made
annoy them. But of Guaxaca I (ball fay no more, but
co
elude that it is of fo temperate an air, fo abounding
in fruí
and all provifion requifite for mans life,
focommodioui
íituated between the North-and South Sea,
having on tl
North fide St. John de Vlhua, and on the South Tecoant
peque a fmall and unfortified harbour, that no place I
much ddired to live in whilil I was in thofe parts as i

Guaxaca, which certainly I had attempted as 1 travelled

fc

it, had ¡ not underftood that the Criolian

or Native Frye;
were many and as deadly enemies unto thofe that came froi
Spain as were the Mexicans. And this their fpight an
malice they ihewed whilii we were there, to an antier
and giave old Fryer Matter in Divinity, who living ha
been for learning the Oracle of thofe parts. This old ma
died when i was and becaufe when he lived the
there,
could pick no hole in his Coat, being dead they
fearche
his chamber, and finding in a Coffer fome
monies whic
he had not made known to his Superiour when livin
(which they would reduce to a tin againit hisprofeffei
poverty, called Propriety, and fubjed to the cenfure of
Ex
communication J they reported that he had died excom
municated, and might not enjoy their Chriftian burial
h
the Church or Cloiiier, and fo ignominiouily buried
the!
old Divine, and with him hi; Credit and reputation
in ¡

grave made in one of their Gardens. A thing much talk

td on as fcandalous to all the City and Country, which thej
Salved with faying he was excommunicated ; but the
truth
was, he was of SpaiH> and therefore at his death they

would
 of the WeiUndies.
i
lap. XIV. 95
aid íh¿vy their ipright
unto him. For certainly they could
doit for the linof Propriety,
which by him had been
and to them all may be well faid
imittcd in his life -,

a wo-
a t our Saviour
faid to the Jews bringing to him
in adultery to be ftoned,
Whofoever of you u
1 found
him café the fir(l Stones for all of them,
bout fa, let
beft Friers that live in America, are forne
even the
much or lefs guilty of the tin of Propri-
i or other,
which they profefs and vow againft.
With this which
with our eyes, befides what with out ears we had
faw
,rdof difcords and factions
amongftthem, we thought
was no place for us to live ins To after three
JLc*
haft out of it, and departed
towards Cfo-
rs we made
And
which lyeth three hundred miles from
thence.
|

comfort in our further travelling, we were infor-,

our
I in Guaxaca, that in moft Towns ot the Road
through
order from the high
it Country, the Indians had an
travelling that way either horíes
aice to give unto Friers
carriages and provifion of
ride on, or to carry their
that at
xl freely without mony, if they had none, fo
write it down in the Town*
|i departure they (hould
what they had {pent, not abiding above four and
ok
expences of travellers,
-enty hours in the Towns which
Indians afterwards at the
years end of their ordinary
e

iftice and Officers

were to give an account of with car-
inethcirTown-book unto the Spanijb Juilice to whom
expences were al-
ev°bdonged, and by fo doing thefe
by the common Town-Purfe or
wedofto bedifcharged
plat of ground was a
reafure, for the which a common lo-

with Wheat or Maíz. With

tted to be yearly fown
and help of the Towns we conceiv-
lis charitable relief

reft of our long journey,

and hoped
1 better of the

Kompafs it with more eafe.

And fo joyfully we went

and the nrft place where we

made tryal of this or-
n
Town called ¿ínáptrá, where we
ei was at a great
fowls, and what other provifion we
reelv called for our
Town, fed heartily on them, and the next day
twin the
depart, we called for the
vhen we were to pay and to
Q 1 own-
 *94 A New Sumy
'
Chap, XI
Town-book bribed our hands to what we haá 2
W*
,

our íelves and horfes, and went our way,

praifing the
P ¿

courle fo
Wff < #* Country? w ho
eahe and comfdrtabe for us, efpecialJy
£5 fetle'

whofe
but (hallow purfcs for cur long
journey. Yet we fou
m tome imall Towns that the Indians were unwilling, a
C as they alledged ) unable to extend this
Charity t \L
mm* in company, and bringing
hrfeWeof fourhodes, which made us
with 'us the chai
I

iimetimes ma
the longer journey that we might
reach unto fome en
and rich Town. The next to Antiqkera in
that Road
mm*
guards
which is¡of at leaft e|ght hundred
Irihabifan
una Indians, (landing ¿pon the fide of
a Riv
-

which we were informed was an arm of

the great Riv
' Alvamdo. In this- Town is a very rich
Cloitfer oí Don
nican Fneis, where we were -well entertained i and in
f there a picture of our Lady, which
is
fuperftitioufly th
fancy to hare wrought miracles,
and is made a pilgnma
from far and near, and consequently hath
great riches ai
lamps belonging unto ¡r. This is counted abíblutely 01
of the wealthieft places qt all the Country of
GuaxaJ ; f
here is made much fndigo. Sugar, Cochinü
¿ and here ero
- many tsees of tacaco, and AMoUe, whereof is
made tl
Chocolate, and is 3 commodity of much
trading in tho
parts, though our Englifb and
when
Hollanders make little
they take a prize of if at Sea, as not
k
knéwioglhe I
cret virtue and quality of it for the
gopd of the Iftomacl
-.. .from hence we went to Aguatuko and
Carlita, all
great Towns Handing upon a plain Country
full of Shet
.and Cattel, abounding with excellent
fruits, efpeiij
Fines and Sandia"*, which ¿re as big as
Pumpions, andl
watenlh that they even melt like fnow in tne
mouth an
cool thc-hcac which there is great, by
reafonit is a lov
and marlh- kind of ground, lying near the
Souti Sea. Th
next chief Town and moít confiderable
after Capalim i

lesnantepequeh this is a Sea Town upon Mar ddZur am

a haruour for fmaKVcflels, fuch as Trade
from thofe pari
j to Asapulco and, Mexico, and to Realejo and Guaumal
and
;hap. XIV. of the Weft-Indies: 1
95
id fometimes Here upon fome occafions Ships
to P anaína.
ít is a Port
hich come from Pern to Acapdco do call iñ. (

) farther than that no Englifh or Holland Shipsdn,

Jfafe,

>me thereabouts, which if they did, they would

there rind

> refiftancc, but from thehce would find an open and eafie
oad over all the Country. Upon all this South-Sea fide
om Acapulco to Panama, v^hich is above two thoufand
lilesby land there is no open harbour, but this for. Gieax»
'.a,and La Trinidad for Guatemala, and Realejo for Ni-
veííels in Gofta Kicat
\ragua> and Golfo de Salinas for ftnall
id all thefe unprovided of Ordnance and
Ammunition, all
pen doors to let in any Nation that would
take the pains

i furround \hé World to get a treafttre. This Port of

all that Country h
'ecoantepeqm is the chief for fiíhing in
re met" here in the ways fometimes with fifty, fometimes. _

ÉÜ a hundred mules together laden with nothing but fait-

(hfor Guaxaca^ the City of Angels and Mexico. There are
>me very, rich Merchants dwell in it, who trade
with
léxico, Pern, and Philippine, fending
their fmall veííels

ut from Port to Port, which come home richly laden with

ie Commodities of all the Southern or Eaftern parts,
rom hence to Guatemala there' is a plain Road along the

of the South- fea, palling through the Provinces of So-

Joaft
took,
mazcd and Suchutepequé>, but we aiming at Chidpa
ur journey over the high jCocks and
Mountains called
huUniSi travelling firft from Tecmntepeqm to Eftepqtte,
nd from thence through a defert of two days
journey,

we were fain to lodge one night by a fpring of wa-

rfieie
erupon the bare ground in open wide fields, where nei-
her Town nor Houfe is, to be feen •, yet thatcht lodges are \

rarpofely made This plain lyeth foopen to

for travellers.

he Sea, that the wind from thence blows Co firongly and

are fcarceable to lit their horfes
iolently that travellers
nd mules i which is the reafon ho people inhabit
theie,

iecaufe the winds tear their houfes, and

the leaft fire that
This Plain
here breaks ou t doth a great deal of mifchief.
jet isfull of Gattel, and Horfes, and
Mares, fome wild,

iome tame, and through this windy Champaign

Goun»
o 2 tfy
 A New Survey Chap, XI\
try with much ado we travelled s thoughmy felf thou»!
I fliould even there end my days, for the fecond day beir
to reach to a Town, and my three friends riding befoi
thinking that I followed them, evening nowdrawiogc
they made morehaii to find the Town. But in '.he mea
while my hoife refufed to go any further, threatning i

lie down if ! put him

more than he was able. I kne
to
the Town could not be far, and fo I lighied, thinking t

walk and lead my horfe, who alforetufed tobe-led, an

fo lay down. With this a troop of thoughts, befet me, an
to none could give a flat anfwer. 1 thought if'Iihoul
1

go on foot to find our the Towii and my company, an

leave rnyj Horfe there fadd led, I might bothlofemyfe
andmyhóifeand iaddle;and if I ihould find the Tow
and come in the morning for my Hor'fe, the plain w;
fo wide and fpadcus, that 1 might leek long enough, an
fo"

neither find him, nor know the place where I left hie
.¿or there was nothing near to mark the place, nor
whl
to hide the faddle, neither hedge, tree, Qiriib, within
mile on any Wherefore 5 confident my beft cour
fir; e.
would be up my lodging in the wide and open wi
to take
dernefs with my horfe, and "to watch him left he llioul
wander and fíray away, until the morning- or until]
friends might fend from the Town to fee what wasÉi
come of me i which they did not that night, thinking
had taken my way to another Town not far from thenc
whither they feht in the morning to 'enquire for mi
I looked about therefore for a commodious place to re
in, but found no choife of lodgings, every where I foun
a bed read y for me, which vv j. ¡.he bare ground, a bolih
;

only or pillow I wanted fur my head, and feeing no han

did kindly offerit (elfto eaie a bit Granger, and
pügiin
Í unfaddltd my weary Jade, and with my faddle fitted m
head inftead of a pillow. Thus without a lupp?r I wer
to bed in my Mothers own b/fom, not a little comfori
ed to fee my '

pluck up "his fpirits, and mak

tired horfe
much of his v
which there was ready for him, (
(upper,,
ih-.Tt, dry and withered gnfc, upon which he fed with
greed
hap. XIV. of the Weft- Indies. 197
cdy and hungry ftomach,piomifing
me by his feeding
t the next day. he
would perform a journey of at leaft
rty or forty miles. The poor bean fed apace, my
hour, when upon
tful eye watched him for at kail an
bark-
udden I heard fuchan hideous noile of hooting,
a whole Army ot dogs jvcre come w-
r
and crying, as if
tome
theWOdernefs, and howled for want of a prey of
horieor mule. At fait the noiic fee med to be a pret-
id
unto it, tne
way offfrom me, but the morel hearkned
»her it came unto me, a«d 1
obfeived st was not ok
Chrluians, which
as by Fome intermix! Qirickings as of
¡erceived in Anobfervation toofad for a lone man.
it.

thout any help or comfort in a

Wiidurnefs, wa?ch mide
a hair to ftand upright, my
heart to pant, my body to be
I expected no-
vered with a fearful fweat as of death.
knowing from whence the noife proceed-
Efe elfe, not
of de-
fometimes I thought of Witches, fomeumes
v

fometimes of Indians turned into the (hape of beans,

Is,

which amongft fome hath been ufed )

fometimes of wild
favrage beafts, and from all thefe thoughts I promifed
id
death, for the which I prepared
y ielf nothing but fure
yfdfrecommendingmyfuulto the Lord, whilil I ex-
óVd my body (liould be a prey to cruel and mercilels
¡aftsjorfomeinftrumentsof that roaring Lyon who m
about feeking whom he may devour.
I
ie Apoille goeth

ways prevail by Hying or run-

¡ought I could not any
tog away, but rather might that
way run my felt into the
ws of death to hide there
; was no place, to he ftill I
beafts, they
¡ought was fafeft, for if they were wild
follow their courie another way from
me, audio
light
mifht Which truly proved my fafeft couife,
efcape.
>r whilefweating and panting, judging every cry,
Í lay
rery howling and (hrieking as an
alarm to my death,
till about nud~
eing in this sgony and fearful conflict
fudden the noíce ceafed, üeep ( though but
ight. on a
ie ihadow of death ) feized upon my wearied body,
nd forfook me not, till the mornings glorious lamp
{hi-

ring before my numbering eyes and dúvmg away deaths

0| fbadow
.
 198 J New Survey Chap. XI V.
ihadow greeted me with and fafety. when I awaked
life
my foul did magnjfie the Lord for my deliverance from
that nights danger, Llooked about and fawmy
horfe alfo
near the place where lhad left him i I fadled him
prefen'.
ly with dcfire to leave that wildernefs and
to rind out my
company, and to impart unto them what that
night had
^happened unto me ; I Had/ not rid above a mile,
when I
came to a brook of ivater, where were two ways/the
one
itraight forward along the deferc, where i
could difcover
no Tswn. nor houfes, nor trees in a pjofpeft of
five ^r
fix miles at leafs -,the other way was on the \it hand,
and
that way, fomc two or ^hree miles off Lfáw a wood of
trees, Imagined there might be the Town i I
followed
that way, and within a quarter of a mile
my horfe begin
tp complain, of his poor Provender the night
before, and
to flight me for it * r was fain to light and
lead him i and
t\ms again difcouraged with my horftf, and
difcomforfed
for the uncertainty of my way, lookingabout
J fpied a
thatcht houfe on the one fide of the way, and
one on horfe-
hack, who came riding to me i it was an
Indian belong
ingíothathouíe whicii was fhe farm of a rich
Indian and
.Governpur of the ne^it Town, of wJtom I asked
how Ut
it was to tfi^ownof Eftepeque,
he (hewed me the trees
and told me that a little beyond them it flood,
and tfeat ¡
ftourd not fee it until I came unto it
With this I got
up again and (purred my fallen jade, until!
reached un-
to the trees, where he was at áüand and
would go no fur-
ther Then I unfaddkd him, and hid my
faddle under fome
low drubs, and leaving my horfe ( whom I feared
not that
any would ileal him ) J walked unto the Town
which was
not above half a mile from thence, where I found my three
tríenos were waiting for me, and grieved for theJofsof
me, haa fent to another Town to enquire for me i it was
the thought fhey had that I had been a lodger
leaft
in the
defert. When Í related unto them and tp the Indians the
noife and howling that I had heard,
the Indians anfwered
me that that was, common muiick to them almoft every
night, and that they were Wolves
and Tygers which they^
/ feared
tap. XIV. of the Weft- Indies; 199
with a flick or
ed\of 3 but did often meet them,' and
they were only
¿Wins did fcare them away, and that
ox Kids. After a
•nous for their Fowls,Coks, Calves
e difcourfc I returned with
an Indian to léefe my horie
faddlc,andin that Town I fold my
weaned Mexican
to Ecatepeqtte, whither we went
* and hired another #

note thatmihis
bur friends again inxompany. .Where
o} TecoantepeqHe are rive
n and champaign Country
of fruits and proton ct
vj-,
laiu) pleafant Towns full
Eilepeque,
d, all ending in refluí, to wit, Tecoantcpeque,
itepwe, Sanaiqtqw, and fapanatepeque,
Now from J¡,-

heqite we could discover the high

mountains of guiñes*
ich were the fubjed of, molt of our ^ifcoüríe to Sj»«-
For wehad
me, and from thence to %xpanaup<qm A .

by Spaniards and Travellers in the way, that

rjinformed
Mountains to travel over
y wele the moii dangerous
thofe partsT and that there were on tne
t were in all

lofthemfomepaflagesfo narrowband fo high, and lo

bouiri-
n to theboifteious winds .that came from trie and
which feemed to lie at the very bottom of them ?
,

each-Ode of thefe narrow palfafges fuch

deep precipices
many times it had happened
that the
onaft rocks, that
with
sd blowing fmioufly had caft down
Rflwlts laden

ivy- carriages down the rocks,

and likewife horle-men
en blown down both' Horfe and man. The tight
5 (> e

and Mountains did terriíis us,and the. report

the rocks
them did much'af&ight us, fo that gall this way we did
to Gua-
rfer which/ way to take, whether the road way
which lieth under thofc mountains along the coalt
rnía
the Country of Soconuzco, from
whence ( though out
whe-
our way ) we might have turned to CbiapaYpx
courfe to Chiapa, over thole
:r weíhould fteer our right
fate-
juntains, which we had been informed, we might
pafs over winds did not blow too boiiieroufly. We
if the

foived that when we came to tapanatepeque

we íhould
oofe our way according as the winds
did favour or threat-
, us, but however to Chiapa we
would go, becaufe there
i had undejftoocl was
the Superiour and Provincial of all
O-f the
% oo J New Survey Chap. X[\
the Dominicans of thofe parts, ( to whom we ought to a
drefs our feives ) and alio becaufe we would-fee that í
nious and much taik'd of Piovince of Cbiap*. in ian*
peque we met with a Frier, who gave us ttattl.y enterran
men*, and from thence gave us /»<&,«, to
guide us to 7
panatapeyse, and a letter to the chief of the
Town ( whu
alio was at his command
J to give us Mules to carry us, ai
Indians to guide us up the Mountains.
Here the reit of 01
Horfesalfo failed us but their wearinefs was
no hinderan,
to us, for the Indian's were willing to give
usas much <

more than they had coitus, becaufe they were true

Mexkc
breed, and all the way we went to Chiapa
and through th;
country to Guatemala the Towns were to provide i

of Mules for nothing. We came to tapanatepm

C which ftandeth at the bottom and foot of guelenes ) c
Saturday-night, and with the letter we carryed were vei
much welcomed and entertained well by the Indians.
This Town is one of the fweeíeíi and pleafanteft'of ar
we had from Guaxaca thither, and it feems
feen
Go
hath repleniOied it with all forts of comic» ts
which Tr<
vellers may need to aicend up thofe
dangerous and fteep
rocks. Here is .great plenty of Cattle for
rleih, and rich I,
duns which have fatms, called there Efhntia's,
in foir
a thoufand, in feme three or four thoufand
head of Cal
telv fowls here are in abundance,
riíh the belt ftore an
choiceft of any Town from Mexico
thimer for the Sea
•,
i

Jmd by it,acd betides there runneth by it a fmall River whic

yields divers forts of tifh. From the Mountains there fa
fomany fprings of water, that with them the
Indians wa
ter at their pleafure their Gardens
which are Acred wit
much herbage and falléis. The ihade which defends
fror
?he heat ( which there is great is the
) Daughter of mol
l«veet and goodly fruit trees, and of Orange,
lemor
Citron and fig leaves. The Sabbath
morning was <<

calmthitwedcfirtd to make ufe of it, kit by lona

er de
lays the winds fhould flay us, or force
us to the Coa ft c
Soconufco. But the Indians intreatcd us to be their
gueft
at ¿inner, not doubting but the weather would hold
and
 *

XIV. of the WciMndies. 201

iap.
and lufty Mules,
proofing us to provide us ftrong
and fried fife or Fowls or what
provifion of fruits,
We could not refufe this their kind
I

felves dtfired.
After dinner our
•r "and fo
ftayed dinner with them.
two Indians to guide us and car-
Iks were brought, and
provifion, which was fome^ tried hih and a cold
cur
fruit as much as might iufhee
us
iftcd Capon, with fome

a day, for the chief afcent

and danger is not above le-
1 leagues or one and
twenty Etlglijh miles, and then be-
three miles is one of the
nd the top of the Mountains
Cattel, in all the
;hcft farms for Horfcs, Mules, and
3untry of Cbiapa, where we
knew we (hould be wel-
eá by one Von John de Toledo: who
then lived there,
m themfelves with feveral
houah thefe Mountains (hew
arp pointed heads, and are
many joyned together, yet
that Country by the trav-
ne of them is only mentioned in
which is called Matpalapa, over which lyeth
ellers

way to Cbiapa. To this high, fteepy, and craggy

ie

lamilapa we our journey after dinner, and were by

took '

entertained and
he proud Mountain that night well
refembling a meadow,
larbouredm a green plat of ground
of that huge and more
vhich lay as a rib of the one fide
comforted us with
han Pyrenian monfter. The Indians
weather, and told us chat they doubted
he íhews oí fair
not but the next day at noon
we (hould be at Don John
fpread our
k Toledo his Ejiantia, or farm. With this we hrft meal
and at ihat
fupper upon tW green table-doth,
cat up our Capon and moft of
the provifion of our cold

íiíh, leaving only

fried a bit for our morning? breaktait,
pipes, trickling down
the fpiinas of water like Conduit-
gave us melodious mufick to our fupper y the
the rocks,
contentedly, and lo
Indians fed merrily, and our Mules
aileep till morning, which
the fountain Nymphs fung us
to us as calm and quiet as the day betore, and
feemed
which we had
encouraged us haüily to match that bit
from breakfait, to fay merrily, up. to M*-
left and fo up tí

quihpa. We had not winded the Mountain upwards muen

the more we
above a mile, when the higher we mounted,
heard

m
 u

202 A New Survey Chap. XI\

heard the wind from above
whiffling unto us, and
forbic
t/f .
t0 8 °
r ,
.*
furth «- We were nowhalf wa'
return to
t T* amtepiqm
to eat more filh, or to
(lav wher
wc were a while until the weather
were more calm whil
we thought might beat noneor
towards evening Thet
duns toM us that about a mile
further there was a fount*
of wa er, and a lodge made
under trees on purpofe
ft,
Travellers that were either
p benighted or hindredlv ,1
winds to compafs then, ¡ourney
up the mountain. Thiihe
.. _*e ww with much ado, hoping
: the wind would nil bu
W-te higher weclimbed,thrftronge, we felt th
of Molu, and durft not breath
like the people called
PfT(ot
b!T* "* mT :b) m " ch mutton, left as they in-
S' "^y found a grave in the fands where they
f a
mettooppofehin^foweinñead
l

of afcending (hould by I
funous blare be made to defcend into thofe
deeoand horrid
r^ C£
iwves to
f r h,Cht,ulythreatneddeath and °ff«ed
be 3 grave unto our torn and
' them-
mangled bodies.
We liked the,fountain very well, and the lodgf
,

tT? ^ Wh C° mpaffed itabout

fitt on breaming, and we
fce^t
was fo far fpent that we had
f
better, for
«¡»d
flood fiill fearing, till the dav
no hopes of going back oí
™«
forward Of any fu PP er we defpaired thaf
would hare been glad now to .
"|ht
have picked a bone of a
Capons leg or to have fucked a fillies
X
head, and faw there
wasnothingforusi but only to feed our
hungry ftomachs
w.ch the remembrance of the plenty
the night before. Thus
gwing one upon another, and fometimes
toe fountain, fometimes looking
looking down»
up to the tree?, we per-
ceived amongft them
a Lemmon tree, full of fmail and vé-
ryfower green Lemmons. It was not
with us as with £,„-
Hlus Who could netther enjoy the
fruit above him, nor the
waters beneath him wecouldand
; did moft greedily catch
and fnatch the Lemmons, which
were faucefor no meat,
but only to fill an empty ftomadi
; with them we fupped
and took our reft. The next morning the Wind was ra-
ther ftropger than calmer, and we as ftrong
the fecond day
-
as
p. XiV. of the Weft Indies. *pj
*
firft inourpurpofecf flaying there, and net turning

lacks like jCowards. The Indians were alfo willing

day longer fo we tell to our breakfaft cf
y yet one
>

ftomach,
nons which were fpme what cool to a Rafting
reliihed nothing the better with
a draught from the

fountain. And of whatwcleft on the tree we made

linntr and (upper, adding to our water
what we law
Indians did drinks wl^o had their fmall bags full of
Ier,and when they travel, carry with them that
der to drink with Water. This we thought might
nore nouriihing to us, than Lemmons and
water only,

fo for, that day we bought ofchem half a

bagifuUof
giving for in our want and receíliíy four Ryals,
Ier it

vo Englijh (hillings-, which out of Maquilca and that

fear of uarvlhg might not be worth
above a peny i
yet this was but weak nouriíhment for
our feeble bo-
Thus we waited (all Tuefday for the laying of the
to go up the hill,
id, réfolving the next morning either
town again to lapanatepeque. But on Wednefday morn*
c

wind feeming to be fpmewhat laid, we purpofed

the
(lay tillnoon hoping then it would be furc travelling-,
it ceafcd not but rather increafed
a little *_ whereupon

: of our company refolved to go upwards a mile or two

foot, and try the paifages,and the danger oí
the wind,

i to bring us word again i fov we thought our fear might

prsater than the danger, who had heard much talk, but
Í not any thing worth our fear. Up there-
as yet feen
e went our friend, who iiaid from
us near two hours,

d then returning back he told us he thought we might

t up leading our Mules by the
Bridles. But what with,
ether queftions and debates the tiene paííed away,
fo thai

i thought it might be too %e i and for that day we

it^ifSir journey until/the next morning refolutely pur-
)fing to go forwards all together, if the wind
were not
uch increafed. So that day we fell again to our green
abby Lemmons, Water and Maizjjowder, all which we
lundhad much weakned our bodies, and feared if we con-
nued there any longerthey might, baiters cur -death»,
Where-
 r

io4 A New Sumy chap.' Xf

Wherefore on Thurfday morning ( the
wind being as t
day before) commending our felves
firft unto the proi
«ion of that Lord whom the winds
and fea obey \
mounted upon our Mules (leaving our
names wri'c,
in the bark of a great tree, and
the days we ftaved the
Without food J) and fo went upward.
great danger in the wind a great
We perceived r
while, but fome fteps
an
images upon ftony rcch we feared for the narrow,*
oi them, and there we lighted, thinking our felves faf<
opon our own two feet, than upon the
four of a beaf
feet
But when we came up to the very top
of MaamUp* ( whic
fignifíesm that tongue, a head without
hair J we percei
ved truly the danger fo much talked
of, and wiihed ou
felves again with our. green
Lemons in the way to tapa
Mepequejox we found it indeed a head without hair
a toi
Without a tree or branch to ihelter
a fearful Traveller ; th!
paifage that lierh open to the
fea maybe no more than
s
quarter of a mile, but the height
and narrownefs of it itu-
pfieth, for if we
look on the one tide, there is
the wide and
fpacious South-iea lying fo deep
and low under if, thai
« dazleth the eyes to behold ir, if we look on the of
fide there^are rocks of at
ha
leaft fix or feven miles
depth i

(though themfeiveOto quake and quiver fo

like
i that
here the fea expe&s to fwallow,
there the rocks threaten
totear with a downfal, and in
the midit of thofe daneer"
in iome places the paifage is
not above an ell broad We"
needed better cordials for that quarter
of a mile than feed-
sng three days upon green
Lemons and water, and durft
not man our felves fo much as
to go through 'it upon
our
Mules ; we lighted and gave the
Indians ou? Mules to lead,
and we followed them one by one,
not daring to walk up-
right for fear of head-giddinefs
with looking on either fide,
but bowing our bodies we crept
upon our hands and feet as
«car unto-the, tracks which

L*Lm ?
ld ™r h
bcafts and travellers had
hÍn der,ní! our
f u
g° in g" ^
made
"hen vve
the ' nd0(
fa'nü K
tain was broader,
f»l^ff^ *"d where the moun-
and the trees promifed we
relief, then
looked
 ;

ap. XIV. o/íkWe{Wndies; 2©f

both our feives
back boldly, and accufed of
folly
red
other Travellers that
fought no other way thougfo
all
that danger both for man and
miles about, to avoid
Von Johm
ft From thence joyfully we made haft to
made welcome and gave us fome
-Toledo who us
ftomachs, which were fo weak
[m broath to comfort our
had we eat any thing, but presently we
t no foonci
till after many fups of
broth and wine we
it up again ;
fc

night, and eat our fuppeis

overed ftrength towards
and thus throughly refreihed
re we ftayed two
days h

| went to Acópalas* very great

Town of Indians m
Cbiapa, ftanding by the fame river that
I Province of

ffeth by Cbiapa,
which is called Cbiapa de Indios, ot
Indians, to diftinguiih it from
another Chi-
«^ of the
the Royal Cbiapa, or Chapa de
a called Cbiapa Real
,

dañóles, Cbiapa of the Spaniards.,

From Acapala we
of the Indians, which ftandeth alraoft
ent tuft to Cbiapa
feated upon a riveras broad
;
as Maqmlapa is high,
low
the Thames at London,
which hath its fpnng from
j is
road from Chi-
ie Mountains called Cucbumatlanes, in the
to Guatemala, and runs towards the Province
pa Royal
enueth into the River of Xahafcoz
f loams, where
it

Cbiapa ! will fpeak a little more in the

next
iut of this
now only fay that here we were joyfully en-
"hapter and
us as members
ertainedbythofe Friers, who looked^ pon
Province, and
Klonainatothc Corporation of that thtir .

Provincial and chief Superiour would

iflhred us that the
?e very glad of Our coming, who wanted Spanijb Friers
Natives who ftrove to get a
to oppoie theCrioliansand
in Mexico and Guaxaca. Here we
[lead as they had dons
that the Provincial was not above one days
und-rftood
iourñev from thence. Herealfo we met with our friend
Bordo, who had come before us alone, and made his
Peter
Mexico-, he comforted us much with the
good
efcapefrom
there ; yet he told us how
and kind ufage which he had found
gone with the reft of his train from Mexico
Calvo was
thence was (hipped with them £0
to Acapulco, and from
that at his departure heind writ a letter
of
Bhilippinas j but
 2o6 J New Survey Chap. X]
bitter complaints unto the
Super lour of Chiapa and
mO* againft him and us four, deimng
G«
the Provincial noi
entertainu* but to fend us back
to Menee, to be ihip
flora thence the next year unto
Philippine ; which le
^as not regarded, but much flighted
by the Provin
After we had been a week feaüed
in Gtó¿ we
though
now ht;oprefcntourlcl*esto the Provine
al ( whofena
wa S Frier Peter Alvarez ) that from
him we might c"
judgment and know whether we
foould Aay in that P
vince, or
^we forced to return to s}ai«,
tor fc no other p

S
oí America

?f^ Í
iff
"J ,h C
n ?**
fclf in the Oiady
could be entertained.

T°^ -

and the Ro>' al

walks, which are
Call£d Sf
-
We found the P.
****** *t*"
CW^ recreating
many fweet and vk
hit

fain Town, where alio mere

that frnaii
and greet abundance of rare and
is toe oft
cxquiCte fruits. H- e
renamed us very lovingly with fair
and comfortable word
wim a iiatdy d/nner and fupper, and before
we^wenc
d f h w his " UI ™^lie did unto us what
r? \ .^! f
!

Chrift
his stapes, he waihed our
i

feet. The firft day hefaj

Utuc or nothing unto usconcerning
our continuing in thj
Country, but the next day lie difcovered
,, unto uf his fa
relations, wan many wife andcunnnig
foohifms. Fc
Jrfthe read unto us the letter which Calvo had
writ unt
him againft us gloillng upon it how
;
weitad done infoi
ill
faking our firit love and calling
to Philippic and the dan
ger many Indian ib"! S might be in bv
reafdn of our not po
ingr,iither>o convert and iniiruct
them, whofe gifts anc
aoiimes he fuppofed might have been
more profitable aiv
-comforAible to tnoie fouls', ihanthofc who
in our (lead án¡
abicrccQioaldbefent amongft them.
:
And iecondly h<
told us how we had fruftrated
the King of Spam good
hopes of us, who had allowed us means
snd maim e.?anc<
from Spain to Mexico, hoping that by us
many fouls oí
Indians in Philippine might l>e faved.
Thirdly, he told
us that he looked upon us as his prifoncis, in whufe pow^r
it was to impiifon us, and to
fend us prifoners to Mexico to
the viceroy, to be iliipped from
thence to Manila, accor.
dir.g
lap. XIV.
Al Y. o/íkWeíMndíes:
oj im WCH-1UU1C5. 20/
ig to Calvo his demand.
But for the prefent he would
let us know what he meant to do
t
with us ; Only he
Í us not be difcouraged, but
to be merry and recreate

r felves, and that after dinner we íhóuld know more

im him, when he had received an anfwer to a letter
lichhe had writ'unto the City of Chiapa concerning the
"pofal of our perfons. Thefe reafonings of the grave
d old Provincial not a little (added our hearts i for die
is of $ouls, the King oí
Spain his intentions and charity
ayged upon us, and imprifonment fpoke of by the by
2re words which feemed of a very high firain, and fo
uld nardly be digefted by us tfifcmprnings breakfait had
•,

lite taken away from us our fiomach to our dinner. And

us we cieparted from theprefence of the venerable Frier
\tet Alvarez-, and betook our felves to a ihady walk un-

ir Orange trees Belonging to the houfe where this Su-

üiourwas. In this (hade we conferred with our felves
jon the words, of Alvarez, and finding them of fo
¡gh a j nature, as involving fouls, a King and imprifoñ-
lent, we thought verily w¿ ihould be fent back to Mexico?

id from thence like fugitive ílaves be forced to Philip-

Ms. Here my nopes^of ever more feeing England were '

>ft \- Antonio Mdtndez his heart panted, wiíhjd fiímfelf

>ain upon the highefttop of Maquilapt j another wiihed
imfeif with old Calvo ai Sea íaiUngjo Manila, though
: were but to help him fcrap'e his rufiy Gammons of
lacon. „ I

The motion was made to make an efcape from Alvarez^

% we had done from Calvo, j but to this anfwer was made*
hat whitherfoevcr- we went, not knowing the Gountry,
vc fhould ok difcovered ; and that put cafe the worn, we
hould beíent to Mexico, we might better efcape in the'
wry, than there where we were. At laft 1 told the reits
hat I could conceive no hard nor harih ufage from that
"roiling and loving countenance of the Provincial, nor af- ll
:er- that his lb w ancL humble a& of waíhisg our feet the

light before and that I thought verily he wiihed us well

*,

ÍQt having come io far to offer our felves fot fellow !aboa«

\
mi-
 8

20 J New Survey Chap. XI

1

rersin that harveíí of fouls belonging to

his charge' a
whom we knew wanted foch as we were newly come frc
Spain to oppofe the Criolbns or Natives
faction in tri
Province ailedging furthermore the example
j
of our friei
and companion Peter Bar alio, whom he had already
inco
porated intothat Province, and could do
nokfswith
without paniality and acceptation of perfons.
And lal
ly my opinion was, that in cafe we ought not to be ei
tertained there, yet the Provincial would not
fend us ba<
to Mexico, there to be difgraced and afTronted,
but wou
give way unto us to return to Spain, or whither
eífe ú
would, with fome relief and mony in our purfc
Whilft we were thus troubled, and in this fad and
fcrioi
difcourfe, old Alvarez it feems had been eying of us froi
his window, and as Jojepb could not long fupprefs an
keep in the expreffions of a loving and tender
heart unt
his brethren > fo this" good Superior perceiving that w
were troubled with what he had (aid unto us, fent his con
panion unto us to comfort us ; which we eaiily perceive
by his difcourfe when he came unto us. For as foon as
V
came he asked us, why we were fo kd and melancholy ? h
told us,' the Provincial alfo had obferved that we wei
troubled. But faid he, be of good chear ¿be confident tha
the Provincial wiiheth you very well, and needeth
foch a
you aire, and having come into his Dominion to trul
your upon his mercy, by harih and unkind ufage h
felves
will not do what Martial Law forbids a hard hearfe<
Soldier to do unto his enemy upon foch terms. Many fuel
comfortable words did he fpeak unto us and told us fur',

ther that the Provincial had been much cenfurcd by

thi
Crtolian party for entertaining of Peter Borah; and
tha
now they would fiir Worie, feeing four more come to weak
en their Fadion i and therefore he dehred to be we!
advifed concerning us, and to carry our buíineís with iud
difcretion, as might give little offence to thofe whe
were apt to judge and cenfure the bed of all his adions
And finally he did aifore us, that we (hould never be feni
back as Prifonas to Mexico by the Provincial, who ir
cafe
iap,XlV . o/ffeWeft-Ind¡es¿ 209
or Guatemala s
he (hould not entertain us in Cbiapa,
¿urthcr us with all his favour, and friends,
and mo-
ild
return again to Spain. Thefe réafons
in pur(es to
our
e heart fainting Cordials unto us, and ftomach prepara-
s to a good dinner, to which by the found of a bell we
e invited. When we came in, the loving, finding*
fatherly countenance of the good
Provincial did cheaic
the chear that waited for us upon the
more than all

e in feveral diihes, all

which were feafoned to our
les with the fauce of the comfort,
which the Pro-
-his meffenger had brought unto us in the ihady O-
of fleffi
?e-walk in the Garden. The great provifion
and fweet-meats were yet to us a
fiib, with fruits
for what-
ng argument that we were very welcome,
might well become a Noble-mans ta~
fed on that day,
Bcfides in many palTages of our difcourfe we perceived
i

C eood old Alvarez, his heart was over-joyed with ous

the Provincial de-
ning to him. Dinner being ended,
fay-
dto play a game at Tables with us round about,
would not win our mony, becaufe he judged us
he
game
M after fo long a journey. But thus he fetled the
1 fport i that if he did win, we íhould fay for hiaa rive

rer Nojiers, and five Ave Marks ,

but if we won, we
into that
uld win our admittance, and Incorporation
wince. This fport pleafed us well, for our winnings
that time,
judged would be to us more profitable at
and our lofings we valued not i be-
m to win pounds,
es we were confident all went
well with us, when from
that favour
: favour of the Dice, we might challenge
lich with many weary journeys we had come to feefe

ove four hundred miles. The fport

began, and we
were too
ung blades taking one by one, our turns,
rd tor the old man, who as we perceived would willing-

be the lofer, that his very loffes might

fpeak unto us
iat through policy and difcretion he
would not utter with
)rds. Yet we boldly challenged our
winnings^which as loon
we had ended our game were now fuiely confirmed un«
that morning
us by the return of an Inflan meíTejngerjwho
%\o J New Survey Chap- XH
had been fent to the City of Chiapa for advice and
cou
fel from the Prior and the chief of the
Cloifter concernii
our difpofal, and now was returned with an anfwer
fro
the Prior, who in his letter expreffed great joy
unto t
Provincial for our coming, and fofrom the reft
of the S
dors of the Cloifter, and did earneílly beg oftheSupei
our, that he would fend us to him to be his guefis,
i
that our cafe had been his own fome ten years
before \ Í
he had alfo at Mexico forfaken his company to Vbilippim
and fled to Guatemala, where for his learning and got
pans he had been asaftrangermach envied by the Crio
an fadion i but now he hoped he ihould have fome to
fi
with him againft fuch as fpighted and maligned
.

hii
Old Alvarez was much taken with his letter, and told
he muft pay what he had loft, and that the next
daf
would fend us to Cbiapa, thereto abide till he took ft
thcr care of us, to fend us toother parts of the Country,
Icam the Indian languages, that we might Preach un
them. Thisdifcouffe being ended, wc betook our feh
again to the Garden which fmelk more of comfost th
before dinner, and to our fnady walks which now offer
usa fafer protection than they had done in the
forenoc
countenancing thar protection which we had gained frc
the Provincial
* Here we began to praife God, who had
looked upon
in our ¡ow eftate, not forgetting the wife
and politi
Provincial, who though
he had loft his games for our coi
fort, we would not he
ihould 3ofe our prayers, which the
we offered up to God for his health and fafety. Ai
fo till fupper time wc continued our
difcourfe in I
Garden fuller of mirth and pleafant jefts, than
we h
done before dinner, matching now and then at the
Ora
ges and Lemons which were rhcre both four at
fweet, eating of fome, and caiiing fame one
at anoth<
but cfpecially at him who had wiíhed himfelf
wkh Cal
dreiTmg his ruíry Bacon, whom we /irove to
beat out of ti

garden by force of Orange and Lemon

bullets whii i
«port we continued the more willingly, becaufe we perci
v
 m
lap.XlV . of the Weft-Indies: 211
the f oocl Provincial flood
behind a Lattice in a Bal-
l

us, and rejoycing to fee

our hearts fo
iy beholding
and merry. We had no fooner beat
Calvo his rriend
¡it
1
garden, when the bell to fupper founded a re-
of the
us again to meet our beft friend
al to us all, and called
a Table again like that at
uarez who had fiíiniíhed us
After fupper he told us that the next morning he
Dn
writ un-
,uld fendus to Chtap*, for that the Prior had
him he would meet us in the way with a breakfaft at a
conceited very high-
iwn called St ftitip h wherewith we
Provincials and Priors were ío
of our felves, to fee that
ward to feaft us. Yet before we went to bed, the
eve-
ivincial would try again a game at Tables with
fee if now he could beat us that
had
one of us-, to
The matter of our game
entoo hard for him at noon.
I now and what we played for was this i if the
altered,
Dvincial won, we were to be his piifoners, C which my-
underltood not the next day, for the old man
ty we till

is crafty and and knew he could win of us

politick,
excellent gamefter at Ta-
xen he lifted, for he was an
but if we won of him, he was
to give us a box of
I) The
wcolatte, which was a drink we liked very well.
by one were
ime went on, and we every one of us one
ers yet underftood not how we iHould be his pnfoners,
Yet for all this the merry Pro-
I flighted our loffes.
and wiQicd we
ndal told us, he was forry we had loft,
to a worfe enemy than he »
Bit never be prifoners
comfort us
d that' we ihould perceive it, he would
Cbocolatte, to drink
ch one asaprifoner with a box of
r his fake, and to comfort our hearts,
when moil we
ould find them difcomforted for our loffes.
We u*r

¡rftood not his meaning til!

the next day at noon, bat

¡0 upht it was a jeft

and a word of fport and mirth;
from
many which in his difcourfe had come
fuch
I
With this we took our leaves,and went to bed with
and merry hearts. In themorning two Mules oi
Rht
le Provincial and two Of his Companion" were fadled tot
P í «S>
 A New Survey Chap. XV
us, and dozen Indians on horfe back waited
at leaft a
us tocondud us. up a fleep hill and through woods
to
Town of St. Philip. Af<er our break ratf the good Prcv
cial embraced us, and bad us farewel, dcfiring
us to p
for him-, and not to be difcouiaged b/ any
thing t
might befa! us, alluring us he wilhed us very well,
s
would do what lay in his power for our good
j yet
that he muft ufe policy and difcrefion to ííop
the mou
of the Criolians, whom he knew hated both him and
Thus we departed with Waits and Trumpets foundi
before us, wh¡ch rebounded an Eccho all the way
up
hill fiom us to old Alvarez whom we had
left in a low b
torn compafled about with hills on every iide.
We
had
fooner afcerided up to the top of the Mountain,
when
difcovered a little Valley, and in it the City of
Chiapa of i

Spaniards \ with two or three fmall Villages, of

which c
was St. Philip at the bottom of the Mountain, which
were to afcend. The Trumpets which fiill went
four
ing before us were a fufficient and loud Alarm
to
Thiltps Inhabitants of our coming, anda warning for i

fpeedierhaitening of our fecond breakfaft, for

the whi
morning air ( which we found fomewhat pierci
the cold
upon the Mountain ) had whetted and throughly
prq
red cur ltomachs. We
had not gotdewn the Mount;
half a mile, when we met with
a matter of twenty
lant Indians on horfeback with their
g
Trumpeters four
ing before them, and behind them came
upon a ftati
Mule the Prior oí Chiapa, (whofe name was
Father Jc
Baptiji) a merry fat Fryer, who calling
us his brethr
fugitives from Philippinas, told us we
were welcome
that country, and to him efpecially, and
that in the ne
St. Philtp he vi/ouid (hew us better fport
that* any St. Phi
in all the Philippinas lilands could have (hewed us 'if i
had gone thither. Thus with a pleafant
difcourfe, ai
man/ merry conceits from the good Prior we
foon car
down the hill, where the whole Viüage of Saint
waited for us both men and women,
PH
fome prcfentine un
ws Nofegays, others hurling
Rofo, and other flowers
ap. XIV. of the Weft-ladies. 2 1 $
along the rtreer,
others dancing before us
all
faces,
Orange leaves, and
•h was ftrowed with herbs and
made with flowers and hung
oed with many Arches
until we came to the
I
garlands tor us to ride under
half an hour we were welcomed with
tch where for
which the Pri-
"beftmufick from the City &Cbi*p*>
come wiih h<m to entertain us. Out Mu-
,ad hired to
Father John B*pW up and
ftood
ring ended, fat
them thanks
[eamortfpeech unto the Indians, giving
entertainment of us his lpe*
their Júnd and pompous
fouls might gam by it, he
friends, and that their
them a plenary indulgence of all their tins
iced unto
of them as mould vilit
to be gained by as many
or after noon.
iChurch the next Lords day either before
Altar we went unto our breaWafting
1 thus from the
well fcafoned
>Ie which was furniihed with many
all he
íes of fait and
well peppered and ipiced-meats

mak» usrcltíh better a cup of Spanijh Pkr Xmmy

meats,
ich the Prior had provided for us. After our fait
forts of fweet meats made by
ne fuch rare and exquifire :

the like
I Baptifi his belt devoted Nuns of Cbiapa, that
Vlbna to that p'ace.
had not feen from St. John de
ife were to prepare our
ttomichs for a Cup¡of Cb&co*
ended our breakfaft. But whillt
I with the which we
this was gallantly performed by the Prior, it was a hard
repeated unto us, faying,
ddle unto us, what he often
your a Well, for your dinner will be the
sthren bieak i ft

in your lives, and now enjoy

»aneit as ever ye did eat
¡s fweet liberty
which will not lift long unto you. We
but knew not what to make of
them,
fervedthe words,
the Cloiftcr. After our breakfaft the
1 we came unto
a little fport in the market place, xun-
Hans (hewed us
at Imgo de Carinas \
ne races on horfe-back, and playing
meet on horle-back, with broad Targets to de-
hich is to
while pairing ^y they hurl
nd their heads and moulders,
ianes, or darts one at another, which Chofc Indians aUed
nth great dexterity.
Prior of Chuya feafted us, and permit-
Thus the eood
s
p 2
ted
214 A New Survey Chap. XIII,
ted us to enjoy our liberty as long as it feems had
it beet
agreed upon by letters between him and the Provincial
which was till it might be dinner time in the Cloifier c
Cb.apa, where we were to be before noon. The titti
drew near, and we had from St. Philip to the City of Chia
fa, tome' two Ettglifh miles to ride s Wherefore the Pric
commanded our Mules to be brought i the Waits an
Trumpets gave Warning to the Town of out departure
aad fo with many horfemen, with dances, Muiick am
ringing of Bells we were as ftately and joyfully conduce
out of the Town, as we had been induóted into it. A
the fiifthalf miles end the Prior gave thanks unto the h
¿tans, and defired them to return, the Cloifter being neai
where we expeled another kind of entertainment, not i
fing in the City and Cloifier that pomp and ftatc, whicf
in the Country might.be allowed. The Indians tool
¿heir leaves of us \ and on we went with only two a
guides before us. Within half a mile of the City, thi
Prior and a companion of his Hopped, and took out of hi
pocket an order from the Provincial, which he read unt(
us, to this effefr, That whereas we had foifaken our law
ful Superior Calvo in the way to Pbilippinas, and withou
his licenfe had come to the Province of Chiapa, h<
could not in conference but inflict feme puniihment up®r
lis before he did enable us to abide there as members undei
him* therefore he did ftrid'y command the Prior of Cbl
apa, that as foon as we ihould enter into this Cloiiter
he ihould (hut us up two by two in our chambers, as in pri
fjns, for" three days, not iuffenng us to go out to any place

iave only to the pnblick place ofrefedion ( called Refe&o-

yy ) where all tht Fryers met together to dine and fup.
WÜÍ e at noon time tys Were to prefent our fclves before
all the Cloiftei fitting upon the bare ground, and there tc

•receive no other dinner, but only bieadand water i bul

at (upper we might have in our chambers or prifons, what
¿he Prior would be píeaíed to allow us. This was the Pe-
i'^UXu^enjoyned upon us by tre wife and cunning Provinci-
al The news at the íirít was but ¿bur fawce, or a dry
Poftpw
 the Weft-ladies. rij
XIV. of
hap.
«pad after a double fumpmous brcakfaih
it was iW
our Muf.ck and dances, to hear of a
dft , óús after
after fo
aft after our feaft
•, to hear of imprifonment
bl P.ovtn-
We now began to remember the
at Ubetty myftery
the night before and the
U w nníngs 8 at Tables <omfomb1e h.s boxes
how
eof and began to think
a meal of bread and
CkloZe would be unto us after d.nner the Pr,-
Now we called to mind the Short
«er
us at St. miff, we were like to have that day
"had told
make much of. But the
1 of the liberty he bad us then
and our counte-
1

fuddain,
odPrioVfóngus fad upon a
us, wifhlng usnot to think
ncesXngedffmiled upon
nor of the Province,
who d.d that
e worfe of him,

no pumhment were tnfl.äed

knew w¿uld mutmur, if
ofho-
impnfonment,
non u" He aliened us, after our
and «hat as long as we were wtth
fc and preferments,
encouragement, and that after a
tod we want no
cÄ
°m

«
water dinner, he could
a fupper, that (hould
ftrongly
fend us to our cham-
luppo.t our empty fto-

and line them well for the next tour and

íáchs and fur
wen
Withencouragements on we
thefe
wen y "ours-
welcomed by
r t he Cloifte. of
Chkpa, where we were
butinfome few we noted a f.ownmg
Hoftta Fryers,V
mddifaffeäed countenance.
We were no toe. condu-
when the bell founded to
dmner
ced ^our Chambers,
ead
aloud to us Penance w.th b
and cryed
for the
ñd w .«
reft,
to the common
Down we went &jt&*
nd thanks being given,
hies we four Pbilippinmn
the Fryers
^fl^fj^
Jonas ( lo fome Cr olians we.e¡

(tools feats or form,,

Refäory where without culhions,
™a- &t?¿Tthe bare ground ctofs legged
like I aylor ,

no* for our difobedience to

flovenly

Ä hCilirv
5
h
Äthe foft dffi was ptefented round the ta-

^\„r r ntía W whh full ftom.hs

 »

r
%16 A New Survey Chap. XII
d Uble
d°5- i
Í ad ofr
Publick
eakfaft before
£ -
Yet ev
ihame andt difgrace ( which
™ *« in th
we knew w
«fual among Fryers for lefs faults than ours) we had tr
comfort, that we had a Prior and Provincial for frienc
and that that puniihment came from a
friendly han
whofe Chocolattewe had to comfort our
falling bodie<
andiecondly, we knew that we (houid
have ihat nil
in our prifon chambers a better
fupper than any of iho
before us, who fed upon their three or four diihts Bi
thirdly, it was our comfort that at
that very time a Crii
lian Fryer alfo fat upon the ground with
us (of whofe con
pany we had been informed by fome friends
before we we ,
into the Refe&ory) for fome Jove-letters
which had bee
intercepted between him and a Nun of
that City, tendin
to much and breaking their oath of
ufccivility,
profeiTe
chamty. But when I perceived this Fryer to
look difcor
tentedly upon us, Í chofe my place as
near unto him as
could, and hearing him mutter within
himfelf apaintf u
calling us difobed ient Vhtlippinim
Jonahs, I foftly and friend
y (poke «nco him with thefe two following
Hcxamc
ters, [which fuddenly came into my mind about his mil
demeanour

Si Monialis Amor te turpta fcrihere

fecit,
Ecce tibifrigid£fr£bent medkamina
lymph*.

But my good neighbour fnuffing and puffing at

my fuddet
Muie itemed to be more difcontented
thin before, anc
would fain withdraw himfelf by
degrees from me, not J
finjup (for that was not lawful to
do till dinner had beer
ended ) but nghng his elbows
and ihoulders fcornfulh
from me^hona ,n like manner I
followed , cleaving friend
Jy to him with this verfe,

Solamen rnifero tffocios retiñere Vanettes.

He thought I followed him to ileal away

his loaf from him
This new found word, Panetter,
hadalmoft choaked himi
had
 1

of the Weft-Indies.
2 7
lap. XV.
medicinal water wl?ich flood
he not made uie of the
ire of the which he drank a good draught, whcre-
him i
perceived his courage againft me
and my friends was
\

and I told him, I hoped his burning wanton love

ied,
s cooled.
Thus with my Criplian< neighbours company, my
bread
went down cheerfully and dinner being end-
1 water i

we were again conduced to our chambers, where we

ink a cup of Alvarez his Cbocothtte.
The Cafltlian
yers flockid unto our prifons,
fome to talk with us, fome
nging us conferves and fweet- meats, others other dain-
5, which they
had prepared to help our digeftion of
;ad and cold wafer, My fuddain verfes to my Criolian
ighbour were prefemly noifed about the Gloifter, and
»re the chief fubjecl of our
talk thar afternoon.^ Our

pper was provided for us according to the promife and

nerous fpirit of the Prior, who alfo honoured our pri-
n that night with his own and twoother Fryers com-
tny, fupping with us all in one
chamber together. And
lU s we palTed our three
days of imprifonnaent merrily
id contentedly, wiihing we might never fuffer harder
fage in any prifon man we had done in this, which
-as not to us fuch a pumihmen* as did bring with-it the
rivation of any liberty of enjoying the company of friends,
nd feaiting with them, but only the privation of the liber-
/ of our legs to walk about thofe three days i and this
ather an eafe than a puniihment, for that we wanted
ather reft, than much ftining after fo long and tedi-
ius a journey as we had compaffed from
Mexico thither.
Ve were no fooner fet at liberty, but we prefently found

he Provincial and Prior ready to difpofe of us fo, that in

ieu of our imprifonment we might receive honour and
:redit. Two wcrefent into the Country to learn fome
Indian language, that fo ithey might be beneficed and
preach unto the Indians. My felf and another defiled to
go farther to Guatemala , that there we might pra-
ctice Philofophy and Divinity in the famous Univerilty
ofthatCity. Nothing that we deGredwas denied ur*
m
218 A New Survey Chap. XH
to us, only the time was thought not fit until Micbai
más, becaufe then the fchools were renewed, and ne
Orders fetled. In the means time the Provincial h
ving alio heard of my verfes ex tempore to the Criolii
Fryer, and knowing that the Latin Tongue is bett
grounded in England than among the Spaniards ( who
bufe poor Frifcian, and daily break his pate with fooli
foloecifms ) and confidering the want he had of a M
iterof the Latin Tongue to fupply a Le&ure of Gran
mar and Syntax to the youths oiCbiapa, in a School in th
Cloiuer , which brought a fufficient yearly ftipend unto ú
Covent ; deiired me to accept of that place until fuch time
be fhould take care to fend me to Guatemala, promiíing n
all encouragements in the mean time fitting, and
that
fhpuid when I would go about to fee the Country ( whic
1 much deiired ) and alfo that out of the fchool-annuity

fhould have my allowance for books, and "other neceifarie

I cou!(fnot but accept of this good orTer \ and fo with th
Employment I remained in that City from April to the en
of September, wheie I was much efteemed of by the Btiho
and Gorernour, but efpecially by the Prior, who woul
never ride about the Country for his recieation,but he woul
take me with him, whereby I had occafion to note con
ccrning the Province, riches, commodities and govcrnmer
of Cbiapa, what in the enfuing Chapter I (hall faithfull
commend unto the Prefs.

CHAI
ap.£V. of the Weft-Indies. 219

GHAP. XV.

with the cheicfeft

failing the Country of Chiapj,
and Commodities belonging unto it.
Towns

r Hough Cbiapa in the opinion of the Spaniards be

pooreft Countries oí America ;
held to be one of the
-aufe in yet there have been no mines diicovered,
it as
"raoldcnfands found in the rivers,
nor any haven upon

-South whereby commodities are brought in and

fea,

íried out, as to] Mexico,

Guaxaca, and Guatemala; yet i
fay it exceedeth moft
Provinces in the gre¿tnefs and
iY
and yieldeth to none except it be to
auty of fair Towns,
reft of America m that
waemal* i nay it furpaffeth all the
,e and famous and moft populous Town or Cbiapa ot
t Indians. And it ought not tobe lo much flighted by
it is, if they would
look upon it as ftanding
lC Spaniards as
whoie iirength might be
•tween Mexico and Guatemala,
fact &h, and whofe weaknefs may
prove
\ America's

flouriihing Empire, for the eaíie en-

anurous to all that
joyn-
ana into by the river oiTabafa or for its near
it

unto Jneatan. Beiides, the commodities

i and bordering
1 it ase fuch as
do uphold a conitant trading and commerce
monaft the Inhabitants themfelves, and with other neigh-

ourins Countries, and from

no one part of America doth
get more Cacbinil than from one of the Provinces of
ipain
alfo being great and populous,
by their
{hiatal the Towns
pole tribute do" add much to the King of Spams
-early
Revenues.
is divided into three
Provinces, to wit,
ThisCountiy
Zhiap* Zeldaks, wid Zoques; whereof QnM
it ielf is the

poorcü. This contains the great Town of Cbiapa ot the

North-ward towards
Law/, and all the Towns and farms
Ma qui
 220 A New Survey Chap. XIV
Maquilapa, and Weft- ward the Priory of Comitlan, whicl
hath fome ten Towns, and many farms of Cattle, Horfes
and Mules fubjedt unto it, and neighbouring unto it ly
eth the great valley oiCapanabafrla, which is another Prio
iy reaching towards Soconuzco. This valley glorieth in th
great river, which has its fpring from the mountains cal
Jed Cttcbumatlansy and runneth to Cbiapa of the Indians
and from thench toTabafco. It is alio famous for the abun
dance offiíh which the river yieldeth, and the great ftori
of Cattle which from thence minifter food and provifior
both to the City of Cbiapa, and to ail the adjacent Towns,
Though Cbiapa the City, and Comitlan as ftanding upon th<
hills, be exceeding cold, yet this valley lying low is
extra-
ordinary hot, and from May to Micbaelmaf is fubjecl: tc
great fiorms and tempeft of thunder and lightning. Th*
head Town where the Priory ftands, is called Copanaabfrla.
confiding of above eight hundred Indian inhabitants. But
greater than this is Izquintenango at the end of the valley and
at the foot of the mountains of Cucbumatlans Southward.
y

And yet bigger than this is the Town of St. Bartolomés

Northward at the other end of the valley, which in length
is above 40 mile, and 10 or 12 only in breadth. All the
reft of the Towns lie toward Soconuzco, and are yet hotter
and more fubjecl to thunder and lightning, as drawing near-
er unto the South lea coaft. Befides the abundance of Cattle,
the chiefcommodity of this valley confifteth in Cotton-
wool, whereof are made fuch ftore of mantles for the Indians
wearing, that the Merchants far and near come for them.
They exchange them to Soconuzco and Xuchutepequés for
Cacao, whereby they are well ftored of that drink. So rhat
the inhabitants want neither fifth (which they have from
the river ) nor fleih ( for that the valley abounds with
Cattle J nor clothing ( for of that they ¡fpare to others )
nor bread, though not of wheat, for there grows none -,

but Indian Maiz they have plenty of i and befides they

are exceedingly ftored with fowls and Turkeys,Fruits,Hony,
Tobacco and Sugar-canes. Neither is mony here nor in
Cbiapa fo plentiful as in Mexico and Gnaxaca ; and
whereas
 »

hap. XIV- of the Weft-Indies; 221

hereas there they reckon by
Patacones, or pieces of eight

re th'y reckon by Toftones which a*e but half Pata-

to
mes. Thoughthe river be many ways profitable
at val'ey, yet iscaufeof many differs to the inhabi-
it

ts, who lofe times thus children, and their Calves

many
,d Colts drawing near to the water-fide, where they are
ivour.d by Caymams, which are maey
and greedy of
of the many prizes they have got. The
Ifhs by reafon
is one of the meaneft Cities in
all A-
iity of Chiapa Real,
¡erica, confuting of not above four hundred houfliolders

tamards, and about an hundred houfes

of Indians joyn-
and called el
ig to the City,
who have
barrio äe los Indios,

Chappelby thcmfJves. In thisno Pariib-

City there is

Ihurch, but only the Cathedral,

which is mother to all
he inhabitants. Beildes, there are two Cloifters, one of
Dominicans, and the other of Francifcans, and a
poor
:ioiUer of Nuns, which are burthenfome enough to

hat City. But the Jefuits having got no footing there

who commonly live in the richeft and wealthieft places and
Zities Mtíent argument of either the poverty of that
) is a
Zliry, of want of gallant parts, and prodigality in the
or
they like
Sentry, from whofe free and generous fpirits
Horfe-leechesare flill' fucking extraordinary and great
the Mer-
alms for the Colleges where they live but here -,

hard, and fpa-

chants are clofe handed, and the Gentlemen
ring, wanting of wit and Courtiers
parts and bravery, and

fo poor Chiapa is held no fit place for Jefuits. The Mer-

chants chief trading there is in Cacao, Cotton-wool from
the adjacent parts of the Country, in Ptdlers fmall wares,

and in fome Sugar fiom about Chiapa of the Indians, in

a little Cocbinil i for commonly the Governour (whofe
coniifteth in thisj will not fufFer them to be
chieftain
too free in this commodity, left they hinder his greedy

tnffique. Thefe have their (hops all together in a little

Market-place before the Cathedral Church, built with
Walks and Porches, under which the poor Indian wives
meet at five a clock at evening to fell what flap and
CrioUari
¿rues they can prepare moft cheap for the empty
^& r
' " ftomachs.
 222 /üáf Ts&ip Survey Chap. XP
florrischs. The richer fort of thefe Merchants
go ai
lend yet further toTabafio for wares
from
Wines LiDn e n.fIoth,Figs,Raifin^ Olives, and
SW fuc h
iron, thorn
in theic commodities they dare not venture too
much I

rcaiori the Spaniards in that Country are not very mar

and thofc that are there, arc fuch asare
loth to open the
puWes to more than what may fuffice
nature. So th
what are Spanifh commodities are chiefly
brought for tl
fryers who are the beiiaad jovialieft blades of that
Cou.
try. The Gentlemen of Chiapa are a by- word all
aboi
that Country, fignifying great Dons
(dones, gifts
or abil
lies I iliould fay
great birth, phantaitick pride, joyne
)
with iimphcity, ignorance, mifery and
penury. Thel
Gentlemen will fay they defcend from fome Dukes
houl
in Spain, and immediately from
the fir ft Conquerors
vet in carriage they are but Clowns,
in wi?, abilitie
pam and diieourfe, as (hallow-brained, as a low brocJ
whole waters are fcarce able eo leapovet a pebble
(tone
any fmall reafon fbon and
tries tries their weak brain
which is eaíííy at a ftand when fence is propounded, am
ilides on ipeedily when
non-ienfecasrieth the ftream. Th
chief families in this City, summed,
Cor¿ez,Solis,Velaj
CJ& Toledo, Zerna, ami
Mendoza. One of thefe, who wa
thought the chief in my time, called Von
Melcbior dt Ve
«A», one day fell into difcourfe with me concerning Eng
land, and our Englijh nation, and
in thebeft, moil feri
ous and judicious part of his Don-like
conference, askec
me wherher the Sun and Moon in England were of th<
fame colour as in Chiapa, and whether Englijh
men wenl
barefoot like the Indians, and facrificed
one another as for-
merly did the Heathens of that Country > and
whether all
England could afford fuch a dainty as a diih of Frixoles
( which is the pooreft Indians daily food there,' being black
and dry Turky or French beans boyred with a little Biting
Chile or Indim Pepper- with Garlick, till the broth become
as black as, any ink) and wherher
the women in England
went as long with child, as did the Spantf&r women? And
laltly, wheilier the Spmifi) nation were not » far gallanter
Tsaticn
ap. XIV. of the Weft-Indies: 2Í5
on than the Englijh ? When Í pesceived my Don ran
his fimple and fooliíh queüions, E
het and farther into
off fuddenly, telling him, Sir, it is
long fince I came
him
to recolkcl my me-
of Engird, if you give me leave
I will anfwer fome of thefe
your hard queftions the
ry,
it time we meet ( thinking hereby to try my Dons wir.
ther, whether he could perceive I jeared him. ) To
ich my fimple Don replyed, I pray Sir do, and whenfo-
you come, you fiiallbe welcome to a diih of Frisóles.
r
xh this I my leave of him, and at our farewel he
took
lindefwed metolmdy well his queftions, and to return
n a fpeedy anfwer, whereby I was more confirmed in
r conceit of my Do», that he was either tonto or babo t

)1 or fimple. Yet thought I, my bed way to anfwer is

anfwer a fool according to his folly, and fo*efolved
thin two or three days to return unto him fome fimple
fwer according to his fimple and fooliíh queftions. There-
re fpeedily I fingkd out a good occafion
of meeting with
u at his own houfe, who welcomed me with much Spa-
h gravity, and fitting down before Donna Angela, his
inted wife and Angel began to anfwer, or more to
;

:t his Donfbip I began with the Sun and Moon, tel-

ig him that they were planets, and had their fpecial in-
tences upon feveral nations, as all planets have upon
ans body. And fothey did mew themfelves according
i the inclination of the people of feveral Kingdoms.
nd therefore as the Spaniards weie much inclined to Ve-
ts and to beauty, and not contenting
themfelves with the
atural beauty of their fair Ladies, would yet have Are
¿Id to nature by the skill and ufe of the beft painting co*

>urs > fo theie glorious planets of the Sun and Moon

mong the Spanmids^ and efpecially in Cbiapa, (hewed
hemfclves molt comely, bright, glorious and beautiful,
working the like inclination to beauty upon, and in all
ipaniardf. My inftance was in the land of the Black- moors,
vhere I told them that that bodies were black, and thai
tmongthemtheSun appeared with a dark and fad vifage.
Sere my Von cried outi An .excellent example! I gave
him .
 2z4 A New Survey Chap. XP
him yet fecond inftance fiom the Eclipfe
a
oftheSu
which being edipfed, made all the Earth, mens
faces ai
bodys kern of a dark, or yellow colour, to ihew
the pr
portion or íympaíhy offubiunary bodies to that
high ai
overmaftering planer. To this thai good Don reply
Jewor puede decirmas, fa, nothing can be anfwcr
nofe
or raid more or better. Vengamos agora a Ingalatiert
Let us draw now to England. To which I anfwer
him, thai in England the Sun and Moon apparcd half
t
year of one colour, and half ei another > for
the worm
one half year it appeared as in Spain and Chupa,
bea
tiful and glorious for thar naturally without paintir
they yielded to none in beauty. But the other half
ye
it appealed as ted as blood, or fcarkti and the reaft
might eaiiiy be gueffi-d at, for (hat no Nation is mo:
warlike and high fpirited than the Englijh, whefe
vei
cloaths were fiery, wearing more fcarlet than any natic
in the World ; as he might perceive by their coming 1

much with their iliips to the Indian Coafis to right wil

the Spaniards and that they delighted to go in re<
i

and tobe Sun, lb naturally they were brought

like the
I

thofeSeas to fingle out fuch (hips as from America carrie

the rich Commodity of Cochmil, whereof they mat;
more ufe than Spain it felf to die their cloaths md Coa
withal. Here my Von jogged his head, and replyei
Sir, I thought no nation had been fo like
the Sun as á
Spaniards, for I have read that when our Ancefioi
came to conquer thefe parts, the Indians called then
hijos del Sol, that, is, fons of the Sun, being
comely an
galhnt, and more like the Sun than any other people.
T
this i anfwered him. Sir, no doubt but you are like th
Sun here, and none more glittering and bright, your ver
hatbands mining with Pearls and Diamonds like th
brightnefs of the Sun ; but as I faid before, the Black
¿fcoores are like their Sun, fo I fay, the Englifb is like thel
Sun, which is red, and fo do and will afTeft to wea
Scarlet, as long as any Cocbinil is to be found in th
Indians

No
hap. XV. of the Weft-Indie& i2j
Now Do» Melcbior began to underítetad me, and told
, never man had fatisfied him with better reafons than
r felf. He thank'd me heartily and told me, he ,

)ught no Gentleman in Chiapa could tell fo well as

mfelf now why the Enghjh Ships came To much upon
Ir Coafts 3 and that my difcourfe had fatisrkd him to
I
full. He defir'd me to go on to his other Quefiions.
1
his fecond, demanding whether the Englifh went bare-
st like the Indians, I told him I thought that the Count
Gondomar (who
had been many years Embaíía¿our
m Spam England ) had fatisfied all the Spaniards
in
t doubt who coming from England to Madrid, and
:>

ig there ask'd by fome Courtiers, whether London was

big as Madrid, and as well peopled > he made an-
:r, that he thought there was fcarce a
hundred left in
¡don. He ¡5rov'd it from the Cuftom of his own
antrymen of Spain ; who when they are to make a
rney, (hew themfelvcs two or three days before inf
lours walking with Boots and Spurs, that their Friends

f
take notice that they are departing out of the Town
Üity. So faid the Count of Gondomor, I think by this
re few People in London h for when I came
are very
tí thence I left them all almoft in Cloaths of Colours,

ited and fpurr'd as ready to depart and take fome

¡rney. And truly my Don (cjuoth I ) your own Count

h anfwei'd for me i yet I fay, the English are fo far
n going bare-foot, that they go bc/oted, and are all in
:adinefs to move out of England fo/ any Noble and Ge-
3us Defign * but above all they are fiill ready for Amt*
where they know is Abundance of Hides to make
n Boots to cover their Legs, that they may not be
>e&ed to be like bare-footed Indians. Here Von Mel<>
tr reply'd, 1 pi a y Sir, when they come by Sea to
fe do they come alio
parts booted and fpurrM ? For
ould think,-when they fight, thtir Spurs ihould hinder
as concerning Spurs
H. To this his doubdl anfwer'd firft,
he Ships, with the Example ofoae of his own Nation^ ana
Q* of
ti 6 A New Survey. Chap. X^
and of the beft Divines in Spain, living in my time
Valladolid call'd Maeflro Nutino, ( Reader of Divinity
the Colled ge of Sr. Gregory but in his Carriage and expe
ence in the World a limpie Noddy J who being invited
a Noble man go with him in his Coach out of the C
to
a mile or two to a Garden of Recreation, wenthaftily
bout the College to borrow B^ ots and Spurs; and w r
he had put them on, being isk d whither he went, a
why he put on Boots and Spurs, anfwer'd that he was to
in a Coach out of the City, and that he thought the Co;
an d Mules would want ípurs to go and come the foor
Ev en fo my Von ( quoth I ) the Englijh men come boo;
and fpurr'd in their Ships, to make their Ships Sail i

fwifter. And this is the Reafon why the Englijh Ships í

fafterand when they are in fight turn about quicker thai
Spsnijh Galeón, becaufe they are fpurr'd and kick'd wii
in. O Sir, I humbly thank you ( faid Den Melcbbr ) I

that by your difcourie I know the truth of what indcec

have often heard fay, that the Englijh Ships are nimbi
and quicker at Sea than our heavy Galeons. Now as
mens Spurs (Maid I) are no hindrai
fighting, the Enghjh
to them, but rather a great advantage i for they fifi
with Weapons, with their hands and Feet, when
they exceed the Spaniards > forlvben they have Sr
with their Pieces, or cut down with their Swords any Ei
my, or knock'd him with their Halberts, then with th
Feet and Spurs, they on him, and foon rid him c
tall
of the way, that he may no more rüeup againft the
All y< u have told me ( faid the wife Velazco) flands wi
fo much Reafon, that my judgment is convinced.
for eating and facriheing one another the India like
( 1 told him ) that the En¿lijh fill'd their Bellies fo wi
iat Beef and Mutton, Fowls, Rabbits, Partridges,
and Ph<
Hints, that they had no Stomach at all to Mans Fie
A d that truly for Frisóles of garjicfe, that
only dai
tyDifli was wanting in England, and that for Garlick,
thi
Rea'ons movd the Englijh nouo be laviihing of that
liti
bey had ; firft, for fear they ihould want it for
their He
lap. XV. of the Weft-Indies. 227
Irenches •->
:ly, for that they felt not themfelves fo much
bl'd with Wind, nor puft up with windy and
1 conceits as other nations ; but thirdly and chiefly
r refrain'd from it might not fmell of
that they
and that by of it afar off at Sea
the fcent and frncll

p might when they come to the Coaft of Ameri-

fmell out a Spanijb Ship, and know it from a Hol-
ler. Here my Don Melchior fell into admiration, affu-
;me, he had never heard more folid reafons from any
n. Alas poor O
iolian of Cbiapa ( thought I ) if I had
sen Sence, thy fhalJow Brain had not been able to have
>tover it, but after non-fence thou art eafily carried a-
As for his laft Queftion, 1 told him that was above
I
reach, for that poor Friers ought not to meddle with
>meB, neither had mother ever told me how long
my
went with me. But however if Donna Angela would
me how long (lie went with her Children, I would by
Conftellations of the Heavens fearch out againft our next
cting, how long the Engltjk Women went with their
ildren. To this my Don Mekbior anfwer'd, that he
uld not trouble me to fludy what he thought was not
Miging to my Profeffion ; but he knew that if I would
Jy that or any other hard and difficult Point, I could
e him more and better fatisfa&ion than any Scholar in
I City.
And thus (Reader) by this Don Mekbiorj wit and ability
.uld I have thee judge of the Gentlemen Oiolians or na-
es of Chi apa and yet as prefumptuous they are and ar-
'>

rant, as if the Nobicft Blood in the Court of Madrid

ran
their Veins, it is common among them to make
Dinner only with a Diih of Frixoles in Black Broth
iPd with Pepper and Garlicky faying it is the moil
uriihing meat in all the India's and after this ftate-
Dinner they come out to the Street- Door of their
>ufes to fee and to be ieen, and there for halt an
3ur will they ftand making off the Crums of Bread
)tn their Cloaths, Bands ( but efpecially from their Ruffs
ken they ufed them ) and from their Mullachces. And
Q-2 wi h-
 2 28 A New Survey Chap X
with their tooth- picksrs they will
ihnd picking their tee
asiffome fmall Partridge bone ftuck in them i nay i
friend pafs by at that time, they will be fure to rl
out Come crum or other in the Muftacho ( as if on pi
poie the crums, of the tabJe had been ftiaken upoji th
beards, that the lofs of them might be a gaining of ere
for Great Houfe- Keeping ) and they will be fure to v<
out fome Non-Truth, as to fay, A
Senor que linda pert
he comido oy, O Sir, what a dainty Partridge have I <

to day whereas they pick out nothing from their te<

I

but a black husk of a dryfrixole or Turky bean. Thou

great in Blood, and in Birth they fay they are, yet in
th
imployments they are but Rich Grafiers, for moft of th
wealth conlifteth in Farm? ot Cattel and Mules. Some i
deed have Towns of Indians iubject unto them, whei
of they are call'd Encomenderos, and receive yearly fie
every Indian a certain Pole Tribute of owls, and
\ Mor
They have moa cowardly Spirits for War, and thoui
they will fay, they would fain ktSpain yet they da
not venture their lives at Sea ithey judge fleepingin
whole skin the beft maxim for their Criolian Spirits. Oi
hundred righting Soldiers would eafily lay low
the
Cbiapa Dons, and gain the whole City, which lyeth
fo
pen to theficlds, that the Mules and AiTes come in and
grai
the Streets being very commodious to entertain
AiTes fro
within, and from without. Yet in this City
liveth con
monly Governour, or Alcalde Major, and a
a
Biflio
The Governours place is of no fmill efteem and interel
for that his power reacheth far, and he tradeth
much i

Cacao and Cochinil, and domineers, over both Spaniart

and Indians at his will and pleafure. But ill gotten Gooc
never thrive, as was ken in Don Gabriel de
Orellan*
(Governour ol this City
and Country in my time wh
J
having lent the worth of 8000 Crowns in
Cochi
nil, Cacao, Sugar, and Hides by the River of tak
J'co, towards, the Havana lofi it all into the hands nf
th
Hollanders, who doubt lefs knew how to make better ufe c
it, than would have done that tyrannizing Governour. Th

Biihoc
¡hap. XV. of the Weft-Indies. 1?9
lops Place of that City worth at leaft8ooo Du-
is

> a Year which truly he had need of, that comes Co

from Spain to live in fuch a City where are fuch able
i/, as Von Melcbior de Vdafco, and where Aííes are fo

:ly fed and bred. Moft of this Bi|h ops Revenues confiil
great Offerings which he yearly receives from the
at Indian Towns, going to them once a year fo con-
11 their Children, whofe confirmation is fuch a means jp
¡rum and itrengthen the Biihops Revenues, that none'
Ü be confirm'd who offer not a fair white Wax-Candle,
h a Ribbon and at kali four Rials. I have feen the
:her fort offer a Candle at leaft Six Pound Weight
h two Yards of twelve-peny Broad Ribbon, the
idle ftuck from Top to Bottom with Single Rials
nd about. Nay the Poor Indians make it the Mafter-
:e of their Vanity to offer Proudly in fuch ocea-
ns. Von Bernardino de Salazar was the Biihop of
; City in my time, who deuYd my Company to ride
h him his Circuit but one month, about the Towns
r Chiapa, and then I was appointed by him to
d the Bafon wherein the Spaniards and Indians Cwhil'ft
confirm'd their Children ) caft their Offerings,
ich my felf and another Chaplain did always tell
I caft up by good account before we carried the mony
into his Chamber, and I round at our return at
Months end, he had received ió o Ducats of r

y Offerings, befides the fees due to him for viii-

g the (everal Companies or Sodalities and Con.
,

ernities belonging to the Saints or Souls in their Pur-

tory ( which are Extraordinary Rich there ) whereof
and all other
Biihops in their Diíhriór take account
rly. This Biihop was (as all the reü are there) fome-
at covetous, but otherwife a M&n of temperate Life
1 Converfation, very zealous to reform whatever Abu-
were committed in the Church , which coil him his
e beforedeparted from Cbiapa to Guatemala.
I The
Dtnen of that City, pretend much Weakness and Squea-
¡hoefs pf Stomach , which they Cay is fo great , that
CL3 _____iigg-
ajo A New Survey Chep. XV
they are not able to continue in the Church while the
Mafs is hudl'd over, much lefs while a folemn higl
Mafs (as they call it) is fung, and a Sermon preach'd
unlefs they drink a Cup oí hot Chocolatte, and eat ¡

bitof fweet-meats to ftrengthen their Stomachs, For thi

purpofe they were wont to make their Maids brin
j

them to Church in the middle of Mafs or Sermon \

cup of Chocolatte, which could not be done to ail, or moi

of them without great Confufion, and interrupting botl
Mafs and Sermon, The Biihop perceiving this Abufi
and having given fair Warning againft it, but withou
Amendment, thought fit to fix in Writing on th
Church- Doors an excomjnication againft all fuch a
fhould prefume at the time of Service to cat or drink ii
the Church. This excommunication was taken by all
but efpecialiy by the Gentlewomen, much to heart, wrw
protefted if they might not eat or drink in the Church, the]
could not continue in it to hear what otherwife they wer
bound to. The chief of them knowing what grea
Friendihip there was between the Biihop and the Prioi
and my ielf, came to the Prior and me, 'defiring us toui
all means we could with the Biihop for revoking hi
Excommunication fo heavily laid on them, and threatninj
their Souis with Damnation for the Violation of it. Tin
good Prior and my felf Labour'd all we could, alledg
ing the Cuftom or the Country, the weaknefs of tb
S„x whom it moil concenvd, alio the weaknefs of thei
Stomachs, the Contempt that might thence enfue to hi
Per fon, and many Inconveniences which might follov
to the breeding of an uproar in the Church and City
whereof we had iome probable Conjedhue from what al
readly we had heard. But none of thefe Reafons wouk
move the Biihop to which he anfwer'd that he preferr\
,

the honour of God, and of hjs Koufe before his owi

Life. The Women feeing Jji'm inexorable, began t(
fttomach him the more and to Height him with fcorn
ful and reproachful Words i others ileightcd his Ex
communication, drinking in iniquity in the Church, a< th<
Fía
lap. XV. of the Weft-Indies 2} 1

uproar in
do.h Water ; which caufed one day fuch an
Cathedral, that many Swords were drawn
againft the

»fts and Prebendares, who attempted to take away

brought to
n the maids the Chocolat, which they
miftreiTes-, who at laft feeing neither
Fair nor Foul
r

ms would prevail with the Biihop, refolv'd to forfake

Cathedral, where the Biihops own and his
Prebendaries

s muft needs be watching over them, and from that

,c moft of the City betook
themfelves to the Cloifler-
urches, where by the Nuns and Friers they
were not
ubl'd, though fairlv counfelled to obey the com-
nd of the Biihop ; whofe name now they could not
10k, and to whofe Prebendaries
they deny 'd now all fuch
to beftow
pends for MafTes which formerly they had ufed
them, conferring them all on the Friers,
who grew
ch by the poor impoveriih'd Cathedral.
This lafted
the Fri.
t long , but the Biihop began to ftomach
andtofct up another Excommunication, binding all
,
'
City to refort to their Cathedral i
which the Wo-
would not obey, but kept their Houfes for a whole
'n
fell Dangeroufly fick,
>nth h in which time the Biihop
d dehYd to retire to the Cloifter
of Deminicans, for
confidence he had in the Prior that he would
B ereat
Phycicians were fent
ie care of him in his
ficknefs.

near, who all with a joynt Opinion

agreed
l far and
Biihop was poyfon'di and he himfelt doubt
d not
at the
death, praying Gcd to forgive thofe that
it at his
accept of that Sacrifice oí
I been the Caufeofit, and to
offer lor the Zeal of Gods
sLife which he was willing to
oufe Honour. He lay not above a Week in the
and
Body, Head
loifter, and asfoonas he was Dead, all hts
lea it touch on any pire oí hint
id face did fo (well, that the
break, and caft out white Matter, which
lufed the Skin to
id corrupted and overflown
all his Body. A Gentile Wo-
acquainted that City, who
lan with whom I was well in
ene oí che
rasnoted to beiomewhat too Familiar with
Pages, was commonly cen/ur'd to have preferí-,
Slops
ed fuch a Chocolat to be miniitred by the Page,
Cup of
Q_4 whie*
 2^ J New Survey Chap. XV,
which poifon'd him who fo rigoroufly had foibida
Choeolat to be drunk in the Church. My felf heard thi
OcntJewomanfayofthedeceafedBiihop, that ihe though
few gnev'd for his Death, and that the
Women had do rea
ion to grieve for him, and that (he
judg'd, he being fuel
an Enemy to Choeolat in the Church,
that which I
had drunk at home had not agreed with
his body. Ant
it became afterwards a Proverb in that
Country Be-
ware of Choeolat of Cbiapa which
; made me fo cau
nous, that I would not drink afterwards
of it in am
Houle, where I had not verygreatfatisfaérion
of the whotj
family. The Women of this City are fomewhat light ii
their Carriage, and have karn'd from the Devil
many en-
ticing Lcffons and Baits to draw
poor Souls to Sin and
JJaronition 5 and if they cannot
have their Wills, the*
W k
°p ReVCnge by Ch0C0,at or Co ^r¿s,
Irf fair
fome f r
Prefent, u-
which (hall carry death along
I
with
Gc " tle " Woman that was í"ufpe<aed nay was
A-
foond¿ cfor the Death C que-
of the Biihop; had often ufed*
to
lend me boxes of Choeolat
or Conferves ; which I vvjL
lmgly received from her, judging
it to be a kind of Gratui-
ty
was offr Pains
a very
I took in teaching her Son
merry and pleafant Difpofition, which
Latin i 1
I
thought might confín without Sin
till one day ihe fent
a very fair Pantin wrapt up in a
i
mc
Handkerchief, buried
infwectjafansand Rofes when
&m thought among
Token, or fome Pieces of Eight,
;

the Flowers
I untied
mould find fome Rich
I
the Handle
but finding nothing but
a Piamin I wondrcd-, and looking
further on it I
found worked upon it with a
Knife the faihion of a
Heart with two bund Cupid's
Arrows flicking in if,
difcovenngthe poifon'd H«rt and
Thought of the Per-
Son that lent it I thought it a good Warning
to be
cautious of receiving more
Prcfents or Choeolat from
fuch Hands, and fo refurn'd
htr again her plantío,
witn this mort Rime tut out
with a knife on the
Stan, fruta tarn/rut ¿mar *ocria, as much as to fay, Fruit
ft) cold, takes no hold. -This Anfwer and Refolution of'
mine
 XV. o/ the Weft-Indies. 3 23
pj
was foon fpread over that little City, which made
Jentle-woman outragious, which prefently ihe (hew'd
king away her Son from School, and in
many Meet-
to play me a Cbiapaneca trick. But I re-
threat n'd
bred the Biihops Chocolat, and fo was wary,
and
I not long after in that poifoning and
wicked City,
h truly deferves no better Relation than what
I have

i or the fimple Vons , and the

Chocolat-confeäio-

;
Donna's,
here is yet twelve leagues from this City of Cbtapa, a-
er CbUpa. which deferves better commendations.
;
confiiis mod of Vidians, and is held
to be one of the

ett Indian Towns in all America, containing at leaft

This Town has many privileges
Families.
1 King of Spain, and is govern'd chiefly by ln~
the
s C with Subordination
to the Spanifb Government

Cbtapa ) who choofe an Indian Governour

with
riour Officers to rule with him.
This Governour
'
wear a Rapier and Dagger, and enjoys many
:r Libenies which other Indians are denied. No
vn hath many Vons in it ot Indian Blood as
fo
Don Philip de Guzman was Governour of it in my
e, a very Rich Indian, who kept
commonly in his
ble a dozen as good Horfes for publick Shew, and O-
itation as the bell Spaniard in the Country. Hiscomage
; not inieiiour to any Spaniard, and for defence of fome
vilegesof his Town fued in the Chancery of Guatema-
the proud and high minded Governour
of Cbiapa,
nding therein great Sums of Mony till he had over-
ne him, whereupon he caufed a Feaft to be made in
:Town, both by Water and Land, fo (lately, that truly
:he Court oí Madrid it might have been adkd.
This Town lyes upon a great River, whereto belong
my Boats and Caneas, wherein thofe Indians have been
ight to ad Sea Fights, with great Dexterity, and tote-
sfent the Nymphs of Parnajfus, Neptune JEolus, and the
I of the Heatheniih Gods and Goddeffes, fo that
they
t a Wonder of their whole Nation, They will arm
wit!*
 A New Survey Chap. X
with their Boats a Siege of a Town,
it with fuch courage till
Fighting a
they make it yield, as if they
J
h
been train d up all their Life to Sca-Fights.
Solikcw
within the Town they are as dexterous at baiting
of Bui
at Juego de Camas, at Horfe- races, at arming a
Camp, at
manner of Spanish Dances, infiruments, and
mufick,as tl
beft Spaniards. They will ercd Towers and Caffles mai
of Wood and painted Cloth, and from them fight eith
with the Boats, or one againft another, with
<ícjuibs, Dar
and many flrange Fire- works, fo manfully, that
if in ea
neft they could perform it as well as they do it in Sport ar
Paftime, the Spaniards and Friers might foon
repent i

have taught them what they have. As for admg <

Plays, this is a common part of their folemn part

raes i

and they are fo Generous, that they think nothing

too mut
to fpend in Banquets and Sweet-meats upon
their Frier
and neighbouring Towns, whenfoever they are
minilf
to ihew themfelves m a Publick Feaft. The Town is v<
ry Rich, and many Indians in it Trade about
the Cour
try as the Spaniards do.
They have learn'd raofl Trade
befitting aCommonwealth, and pra&ife and teach thet
within their Town. They want not any Provifion of Fii
or having for the one that great River joyning t
Fleih,
their Town, and for the other many Eftantia's Cas the
call them ) or Farms abounding
with Cattel. Here th
Dominicans bear all the fway, who have a Rich an<
ftately Cloificr with another
Church or Chappel fuboi
dmateto it. The Heat here is io great, that both Fri
ers and Indians commonly wear a Linnen Towel about
thei
Necks to wipe effthe conftant Sweat from their Faces, whid
makes the Friers fit longer at Dinner than elfe the]
would do, fur that at every Bit and Draught, the]
are fain to ftop to wipe their dropping Brows.
Ye
the Evenings are frcih and cool, which are much made
pf, there, and fpent in the many Walks and Garden'
whichjoyn clofe to the River-fide. Two or three Leagues
from the Town , there are two Ingenios or .Farm;
of Sugar, one belonging to the Cloin\r of the Domi<
minican
ap. XV. of the Weft-Indies. 235
the other to the Cloi-
[cans of the City of Chiapa i
this Town, which contain near two hundred Black-
,f
many Indians, who are iroploy'd in that
& befide
the Country,
¡ant work cf making Sugar for all

•abouts are bred great ftore ot fc/tuks, and excellent Hor-

m any iervice. The Town o£ Chiapa of the Indians,

all the Towns aboutwant nothing but a more

it

pcrate Climate and cooler Air,

and Wheat, which
cannot be fown > yet for Spaniards and fuch as can-
e
live without it, it is brought
irom Chiapa of the Spa-
yet this is not generally
ds and from about Comatitlan v
nowkdg'd a Want, by reafon of the great Plenty of
all the Towns enjoy, and
which which is now more
\z
by Spaniards and dainty tooth'd Fsiers than
i both
Yet your poor Spaniards and fome In-
ad of Wheat.
',

to who have got the trick of trading from them do

nnot a little in bringing to thefe Towns, Biskets of
leaten Bread, which though it be
dry and hard, yet be-
are novelties to the Indians \ they
get by chan-
ifc they
Cotton-
§ them for other Commodities, efpecially of
is more abounding than
in the Valley of
p, which here
panabajtlan.
Upon Country of Chiapa of the Indians Bor des
this
Province of Zaques, which is abfolutely the
richeft
f
rt of Chiapa. This reaches on the one fide to Tabaf-
and by the River nam'd Grijalva fends
commonly
I Commodities which are in it with
fcfety to St.

m de or Vera Cruz.
Vlhua, It traffiques alfo with
Real,
I Country of Jucatan by the Haven call'd Puerto
hsch lyes between Grijalva and Jucatan.
Yet the!e
Grijalva, and Fuerto Ke-
vo, the River of fabafeo, alias
Province ot
\ 'though they be commodious to this
«vex, yet they are caufes of dayly
Fears to the Spam-
of them, and that it
is, who well know the Weaknefs
into that Country
forain Nation Chculd manfully thruft
fo conquer all
y any of thefe two ways, they might
biapa, and from thence pafs eafily to Guatemala. But
ie River QÍlabaJco lying low,
and being fomewhat hot,
and
 11I

136 A Km Survey Chap. X\

0WnS «
Ml
AfefciTr .?
Cotnmod.ty
¿foung'd
bo it infe "«»
wilh Gnats, and
there being but Cacao
, nave of
,

come up fon»
bothEngliJh and
our ffltato,^
of the River, and minding
part
™j«
toy K
re
f'rf than What W3S fo
° fi ga C° Unt " and
d ' h ™' ' K,
ernefnaf
e nel name, for few
'f 2Í
and frivolous prefent
*tf*»J
hisProvtnce of
«hey be very R.ch; the
2W Difficulties
the Towns are no, ver,
bfe y
I

chief Com.nodit.es
are S Ik ,n
Cochnd; whereof the iattc,
2£
£*
ceeds it.
t ' f^Ví
tew
f0
8
Indian,
is held the bed

that no
there are who have
Orchards planted with the
r
not thei
Trees whereon he
of
ÄSI
Worm
breed which yield

% Mws u, that rich

ihemfelves efteem otherwlfe
Commodity ZZ
m ~»
as they fee the Spaniards

4Greedy
of
aft.r ¡, lw it

S
tha
,?'

farts,
f

which have ptovM

forcing «hen/to^Pre'^vf
mod Succeisful for
'

h
"
i
&
1
There ,s gre at ftore of Silk in this Coun r fo thai
make '$*
the»
heir w"'
Waves. m working
" f eat
towels
Commodity
with
to Emolo
m, all clouTo
which tNíf«Wí buy, and fend to Spa"" t
at W0
Ikein
raaKe in S 7
írk fuch
Silk, h as will ferve ^r th0ÍÍ
**« Woníe wl
P
Pie
Fair
ers to
of this
many
for Patterns and
School-miftreiT.s in England
Country arc Witty and '
of Complexion , the
Weoious
The CZ
Sam

Country towaT TaiM

.hot but wuhin in fome
places very cold.
«Mo.Plenty ofafe, but no Ther
wheat v neither i here
Tu h^:
y
l Cattd
v
y
aS ab0Ut
„
th P arts
<*** but Fowls' :5
The Pr ""in« cal-
led 7// /
kd Zddaks lyes tV"
behind?
of the
North-Sea wnhin the Continent
this
?.
from the
running u p Twari!
-

2W
Cfe^ and reaches ,n fome arts 11£ a
p t ,& ¿ordcTs of
Cojamlan North. Weft. Somh-eaftward
&Aw who as yet have not been conguer'd to
by
it joyns uch
the
b/ttWr, who make many Invafions
on the Chillian
£u6«/, and bum their Towns, and carry away their
Catte!.
lap. XV. of the Weft-Indies: í 37.
tel. The chief Town in this Province is cafTd
cingo, which is a Frontier againit thofe Heathens,
is Province is efteem'd Rich by the Spaniards , who
ke much of Cacao , which ferves to make theic
tolatte , and here is great ftore of it. There is,
) another Commodity , great among the Spaniard^
'd Achiotte, wherewith they make their Cbocolatte
k of the colour of a brick. Here is alfo Plenty of
gs and Bacon, Fowls, Turkies, Quails, Cattel, Sheep,
iz, Hony and not far from Ococingo, in my time was
ing up an Ingenio, or Farm of Sugar, which was
ught would prove as well as thofe about Chiapa of
Indians. The Counfry in moft parts is high and hil-
; but Ococingo, tfands in a pleaiant Valley, enjoying
ny Brooks and Streams of Freih Water, and therefore
:h been thought a fit Place for Sugar. Here alfo in
s Valley the Friers haveattempted to fow Wheat, which

» proved very Good. Thus, Reader 1 have (hew'd

u the Country of Chiapa , which as it is compafs'd
Dut on the one fide by Soconuzco, and from thence al-
>ft to Guatemala^ by the Province of Suchutepeques, on
j
other fide by Tabafco, and on the other fide by Zu-
les with exceffive Plenty of Cacao and Achiotte, which
j the chief Drugs for the making of Cbocolatte i I wiil
t before I depart from Chiapa to Guatemala, fay fome-
íatofthat Drink fo much uf*d by the Spaniards^ and
my Judgement not to be Ikighred, but rather to be
ibliuYd and made known to all Nations, whofe Ufe
ight remedy the great abufe of Wines and Strong Diinks
hich too much are efteem'd among us here in Europe,

CHAP.
~
r 58 A Nen> Survey Chap. X\

CHAP. XVi.

Concerning two daily and common Drinks, or P

thns much ufed in the India? s called Chocolate
5
and Atolle.

CHocolatte being
India's, but alio in Spain,
now ufed not only over
Italy, and Flanders,
all the mwii
approbation of many learned Do&ors in Phyiick,
mong whom Antonio Colmenero oí Ledefma ( who livi
once in the India's) hath compofed a learned and curioi
Treatife concerning the Nature and Quality of this Drinl
I thought fit to infert herealfo fomewhat of it concernir
my own Experience for twelve years. This name Ch
colatte is an Indian name, and is compounded froi
Atte, as fome fay ; or as others, which in tl
Atle%
Mexican language fignifieth Water, and from the four
which the vVater ( wherein is put the Chocolatte ) makf
as Choco* Choco, when
Choco, it is ftirred in a Cup Í

an Inftrument call'd a Molinet, or Mollino, till it bubb

and rife to Froth. And as there it is a Name compoui
ded fo in Englifh we may well call it a compounded or
confc&icn'd Drink, wherein are found many and fever
Ingredients, according to the different Difpofition
of tl
Bodies of them that ufe it* But the chief Ingredient fwiti
out which it cannot be made ) is calld Cacao, a kind <

Nut or Kernel bigger than a great Almond, which grow

on a Tree call'd the Tree of Cacao, and ripens in a gres
Husk, wherein fometimes are found more, fometimes lei
Cacao's, fometimes twenty, fometimes thirty, nay fori
and above. This Cacao, though, as every Simple, it cor
Cains the Quality of the four Elements, yet in thecommo
Opinion ot Phyíícians, it is held to be cold and dr
dpudominio ;lt is alfo in the Subftancc that rules thel

tv
tp. XVI. of the W«ft-In<fies. ij ?
Qualities, reftringent and obftru&ive, of the Nature of
Uement of the earth. And as it is thus a mixed, and
a Simple Element, it hath parts correfpondcnt to the
of the Elements j and particularly it partakes of thofe
:h correfpond with the Element of Air, that is, heat
moifture, which are Governed by un&ious parts \ there
ig drawn out of the Cacao much which in the
Butter,
a's I have feen drawn out of by the Criolian Wo-
it

ifor to oint their Faces. And let not this feem impof-
\to believe, that this grain or Nut of Cacao fhould be
to be firfl cold and dry, and then hot and moiih for
jgh Experience be i ooo witneffes, yet inftances will
her clear this truth » and firft in the Rubarb, which hath
t hot and foluble parts, and parts which are binding,
I and dry, which have a Virtue to ftrengthen, bind and
)the loofnefs of the belly» Secondly, we fee this clear-
n the fteel, which having fo much of the Nature of the
:h, as being heavy, thick, cold, and dry, (hould be thought

3roper for the curing of OppilatioDS, but rather to be

to increafe them > and yet it is given for a proper re.
dy againft them. The Authority of Galen may further
ir this in the third book of the Qualities of Simple?,
ere he teachcth that almoft all thofe medicines, which

Dur Senfefecm to be Simple, are notwithstanding natu-

ly compounded, containing in themfelves contrary qua-

es, that is to fay, a Quality to expel and to retain, to in-

ifate and to extenuate, to rarifie and to condenfe. And

the fifteenth Chapter following in the fame book, he
ts an Example of the broth of a Cock, which moves the

lly, and the Fleih hath the Virtue to bind. Yet further

it this differing Virtue and Quality is found in divers fub-

nces, or parts of Simple Medicaments, he (hews in the

ft book of his Simple Medicines in the feventeenthChap-

r, bringing the example of milk, in which three fubftan-

s are found and feparated, that is to fay, theSubftance of

heefe, which hath the Virtue to ftop the 6ux of the bel-
i and the Subltance of Whey, which is Purging, and
«ter, as it is exprefs'd, Chap. 15. Mío we iind in
Wine
 2 4o A New Survey Chap. X
Wine which is in the Muft, three fubftances, that is
fay, which is the chief, and a thinner
earth, fi

fiance, which is the Flower and may be calPd the Sc

or froth i and a third fubirance which we Properly <

Wine and every one of thefe íubítances contains in it

i i

divers qualities and virtues, in the colour, in the fm

and in other Accidents.
And this is very conformable to reafon, if we confi<
that every Element, be it never fo (imple, begets and pi
duceth in the liver four Humours, not only differing
temper, but alio in fabtiancei and begets more or lefs
that Humour, according as the element hath more or fei
cr parts correfponding to the fuhrtance of that Humoi
which is moil ingendred. From which Examples we m
gather, that when the Cacad is grinded and ftirr'd, ti
divers parts which nature hath given it, do artificial
and intimately mix themfelves one with another, and I

the unc^ious, warm and moift parts mingled with the ea

thy repreffeth, and leaveth them not binding as they wc
before y but rather with a mediocrity, more inclining to tr
warm and moift temper of the air, than to the cold and di
of the earth j as it doth appear, when it is made fit to drint
that (caree two turns are given with the Moiiner, whe
there arifeth a fatty fcum, by which is ieen, how much j

Partaketh of the oyly part. So that from all that hath beei
faid, the error of t bofe is welldifcover'd, who fpeaking c
this drink of Cbocolatte, fay, that it cauleth oppilations
becaufe Cacao is aftringent i as if that aftridion were no
corrected and modified by the intimate mixing of one pari
with another, by means of the grinding, as is faid before. Be-
fides it having fo many ingredients, which are naturally hot

itmuft ofnectffity have this EfTed, that is to fay,to opet

attenuate, and not to bind. And laying aiide morereafons
this truth is evidently feen in the Cacao it felf j which if it
be not grinded and compounded to make the Cbth
ftirred,
colatte* but be eaten as it is in the Fruit (as many Cri-
olian and Indian women eat it) it doth notably obftru&and
caufe (toppings, and make them, look of a broken, pale and
earthy
lap. XVI. of the Weft-Indies; 241
s»
hy colour, as do thofe that eat earthen ware, as pot
)ieces of lime-walls ( which is much us'd amongft
the

ni(b women, thinking that a pale and

earthly colour,

jgh with obftru&ions and ftoppings, well becomes them)

for this certainly in the Cacao thus eaten there is no
er reafon, but that the divers fubftances which it con-
is, are not perfectly mingled by the maftications only,
require the artificial mixture, which we have fpoken of
>re.

rhe Tree which doth bear this Fruit, is fo delicate, and

earth where it grovfeth fo extream hot, that to keep
three from being confumed by the Sun, they rirft plant
er Trees, which they call, las Madres del Cacao; mo-
rs of the Cacao \ and when thefe are grown up to á

d height fit to (hade the Cacao Trees, then th*y plant

Cacaetals^ or the Trees of Cacao s that when they firft

v themfelves above the Ground thofe trees , which arc

ady grown may ihelter them, and as mothers nouriih,
end, and ihadow them from the Sun and the Fruit'>

h not grow naked, but many of them (as I have faid

we ) are in one great husk or cod, and therein be-
I every grain is cWd
up in a white juicy skin, which
women alfo love to fuck oiffrom the Cacao> finding i£
I and in the mouth diifolving into Water, there are
) forts of Cacao , the one is
common, which is of a dark
iur inclining towaids red, being round and pick'd at
ends the other is broader, and bigger, and flitter, and
*,

: fo round,which they call, Fatlaxte, and this is

ite, and more drying, and is fold a great deal cheap-
than the former. And this efpecially, mare than the
ier caufeth watchfulnefs, and drives away ileep, and
refore is not fo ufeful as the Ordinary, and is chiefly
ntby the Ordinary and meaner fort of People As for
: reft of the ingredients which make this Cbocolattical

ife&ion, there is notable variety for fome put into it

•,

,ck Pepper, which is not well

approv'd of by the Phy-
ians, becaufe it is fo hot and dry, but only for one who
thawy cold liver •?
but commonly inftead of this.Pcp-
242 'A New Survey] Chap. X\
per they put into it long red Pepper, call'd Chile, wh
though it be hot in the mouth, yet is cool and moift in l

operation. It is further compounded with white Sug

Ginamon, Cloves, Annifeed, Almonds, Hafel-nuts, Orej
la, Bainilla, Sapoyal , Orange Flower Water, fome Mu
and as much of Achiotte, as will make it look of the coi
of a red brick. But how much of each of thefe may
apply'd to fuch a Quantity of Cacao, the fever¿l difpol
ons of Mens Bodies muft be their rule. The Ordinary
eeipt of Antonio Colmenero was this i To every hund
Cacao% two cods of Chile, cal^'d long red Pepper, i

handful of Ännifeed and Orejuela's, and two of the Fk

ers calFd Mechafmhil, or BainiUa, or inftead of this fix
fes of Alexandria, beat to powder, two drams of Cin
mon, of Almonds and Hafel-nuts, of each one dozen
white Sugar half a pound, of Achiotte, enough to giv
the colour. This Author thought neither Clove,
Musk, nor any fweet water fit, but in the India's they
much us'd. Others ufe to put in Maiz, or Panifo, w\
is very windy, but fuch do it only for their profit, by
creating the quantity of Chocolatte i becaufe every
nega or meafure of Maiz containing about a buíhel an
half is fold for eight Shillings, and they that fell Chocóla
fell it for four Shillings a pound, which is the Ordir

Price. The Cinnamon is held one of the beft ingredh

and denied by none, for that it is hot and dry in the tr
degree, it provokes Urine, and helps the kidneys and r
of thofe vvhoare troubl'd with cold difeafes, and it isg<
for the eyes, and in Erfeói: it is cordial, as appeareth by
Author of thefe verfes,

Commoda & urine Cinamonum & renibns affert,

Lumina clarifícate dirá venena fugat.

The Achiotte hath a piercing, attenuating quality, as

'peareth by the common practice of the Phy ficians of the
dias, experienced daily in the effects of it, who do give i
their Patients to cut and attenuate the groís humo
 XVI. of the Weft-Indies: 24}
'f

ido caufe íhortncfs of breath , and flopping of Urine'

3 it is us'd for any kind of oppilations,
and is gi~

5r the flopping* which are in the bread, or in the re-

af the Belly or any other part of the Body. This A-
>
silfo groweth upon a Tree in round Husks,
which are
fred grains, from whence the Acbktte is taken, and
nade inte a Pafte, and then being dried up, is faihion'd
r into round balls or cakes, or into the form of little
s, and fo fs fold. As concerning the long red Pepper
are four forts of it * one is call'd Cbilchotes i
the other

•y little, which they call Cbilterpin, and thefe two kinds

ery quick and biting. The other two are call'd, Ta-

iles, and thefe are but moderately hot, for they are
1 with Bread by the Indians,
as they eat other Fruits-
call'd Úhil-
:hat which is ufually put into Chocolatte,
gua, which hath a broad husk, and is not fo
biting as

rft, nor fo gentle as the laft. The Mecbajuchil, or Bai~

hath a purgative quality, all thefe ingredients are

[ly put into the Chocolatte, and by fome more, accor-

as Black;
to their fancies. But the meaner fort of people,
r and Indians, commonly put nothing into it but Cacao ¿
me, Maíz, and a few Chiles with a little Annifeed. And
gh the Cacao is mingl'd with all thefe ingredients,

:h are hot i to be a gieater Quantity of Cacao %

yet there is

of all the reft of the ingredients, which ferve to tem-

the coldnefs of the Cacao; from whence it followed*
thisChocolatical confesión h not focold as the Cacao*
fo hot as the reft of the
ingredients, but there refults

1 the AcTion and rea&ioo of rhefe

.ingredients, a mo-
temper, which may be good both for the cold and
ite

ftomachs, being taken moderately.

Sow for the making or compounding of this drink, I

1 fet down here the method. The Cmm, and the o~

!

: ingredients muit'be beaten in a mor tar of itone, or ( as

Indians ufe )
ground upon a broad ftone, which they.
and only made for that ufe. But firft the
Metate, is

tedients are all to be dried, except

the Acbiotte, with

that they may be beaten to powder, keeping them,

c
R 2 iun
 m

244 ^ Nw. SWz>ej> Chap. X^

ft ill not burnt or become black
in ftirring, that they be
for if they be over-dried, they will be bitter and lofe th
Virtue, The Cinnamon and the long red Pepper are
be iirft beaten with the Anniieed, and then the Cae
which muft be beaten by little and little, till it be all po
dred j and in the beating it muft be turn'd round, that
may mix the better. Everyone of thefe ingredients
be beaten by it feif, and then all be put into the Vefi
tvhere the Cacao is, which you muft ftir together with
Spoon, and then take out that Pafte, and put it into l

mortar, under which there muft be a little Fire, after I

confection is made, but if more Fire be put under than v

only warm it, the un&uous pare will dry away, 1
Achiotte alfo muft be put in in the beating, that it may I

bettter take the colour. All the ingredients muft be fearc

fave only the Cacao, and if from the Cacao the dry ft]

be taken, it will be the better. When it is well beaten a

incorporated ( which will be known by the ihortnefsof
then with a Spoon ffo in the India's is us'd ) is taken
fomeofthepafte, which will be almoft liquid, and ms
into Tablets, or elfe without a Spoon put info Boxes, a
when it is cold it will be hard. Thofe that make it i

f o Tablets, put a fpoon full of the pafte upon a piece of Pap

( the Indian j put it upon the leaf of a plantin Tree ) whei

being put into the ihade (for in the Sun it melts and d
iblves)it grows hard*, and then bowing the paper or 1<
the Tablet fals off, by reafon of the fatnefs of the pafte. B
if it be put into any thing of earth, or Wood, it ¡ticks fa

and will not come off, but with (craping or breakmg. T

manner of drinking it, is divers i the one ( bting the w
moft us'd in Mexico ) is to take it hot with Atolle, difí
ving a Tablet in hot Water, and then ftirring and beati
it in the Cup where drunk, with a Molinet, a
it isto be
when it is well itiir'd to a kum
or froth, thai to fill t

cup with hot Atolle, 'and fo drink it fup by f»p. Anotr

way is, that the Ghocolatte being d-iflolv'd with coid W
ter and ftirr'd with the Moiinec, and the fcum taken i

and put into another Veffel > the remainder be fet upon t

Fi
lap.XVl. of the Weft-Indies. 245
e, with as much
and when it is
Sugar as willfweeten it,

rm, then to pour it upon the (cum which was taken

before, and fo to drink it. But the moil Ordinary way
to warm the Water vesy hot, and then to pour
out half
cup full that you mean to drink i and to put into it

rablct or two, or as much as will thicken reafonably the

iter, and then grind it well with the Molinet, and when
s well ground and rifen to a fcum, to
fill the cup with

I
Water, and fo drink it by Sups (having fweetned it with
jar jand to eat it with a little Conferve, or maple bread ä

'p'd into the Chocolatte. Befides thefe ways there is a-

iher way ( which is much us'd in the llhnd of Santo
mingo) which is to put the Chocolatte into a pipkin,
:h a little Water, and fo let it boil well till it be diííblv'd,

1 then to put in fufficient Water and Sugar according

to
: Quantity of Chocolatte, and then to boil it again,
til there comes an oily fcum upon it, and then to
nk it. There is another way yet to drink Chocolatte,
lich is cold, which the Indians ufe at fairs., to refreih
emfelves, and it is made after this manner. The Cho-
attefwhich is mide with none or very few ingredients J
ng diffolvM in cold Water with the Molinet, they take
!the Scum or craify part, which rifeth in great Quan-

f,
efpecially when the Cacao is Qlder and more putrifi-
. The Scum they lay afide in a little Di(h by it felf, and
:n put Sugar into that part from whence was taken the

jm, and then pour it from on high into the Scum, and
drink it cold. And this Drink is focold, that it agreeth
t with all Mens Stomachs \ for by Experience it huh been

md, that it doth hurt, bycaufipg pains in theStomich,

)ecially to Women. The third way of taking it is the
Dftus'd, doth nor hurt, neither know
and thus certainly it

why it may not be uied as well in England as in other

ns both hot and cold i for where it is fo much iifed,
e moft if not all, as well in the Indias, as in Spain, Ttaly,
Anders fwhich is a cold Country J iind that it agreerh well
ith them. Tm-e it is a it is ufed more in the Ud+4.s,
R % that
 246 A New Survey Chap. XV
than in the European parts, becaufe there the Stomac
are more apt to faint than here, and a Cup of Choi
latte well confe&ioned comforts and ^lengthens the Si
mach. For my felf I muft fay, I ufed it twelve years cc
itantly, Drinking one Cup in the morning another yet , I

fore Dinner between »; irie or ten of the clocki another witr

an hour or two aftei Dinner, and another between fc
and rive in the afternoon j and when I was purpos'd
fit up late to ftudy, I would take another Cup about fev

or eight at night, which would keep me waking till abc

midnight. And if by chance 1 did neglect any of th<
accuftomed hours, I prefently found my ftomach fain
And with this cuftom I lived 12 years in thofe pa
healthy, without any obftruéfions, or oppilations, r
knowing what either Ague or Feaver was. Yet wii
not dare to regulate by mine own, the Bodies ofothe
ñor take upon me the skill of a Phylician, to appoint a
define at what time and by what pcrfons this Drink np
be ufed. Only I fay,' I have known Come that have be
the worfe for it 3 tither for Drinking it with too muchS
gar, which hath relaxed their Stomachs, or for Diinki
itto often. For cartainly if it be drunk beyond meafu
hot only this Chocolatte but all other drinks, or mea
though of themfdves they are good and wholefom, tri
may be hurtful. And if fome have found it oppilati
jt hath come by the too too much ufe cf it j as wh
-one drinks over much wine, intfead of comforting ai
warming himfdf, he breeds' and nouriihetb cold difeaS
becaufe nature cannot overcome it, nor turn fo great
Quantity into' good nouriflunent.
So he that drin
much Chocolit te, which hath fat parts, cannot make <
ftribution of fo great a Quantity to ail the parts i and. ti-
pa* r which remains in the (lender veins of the liver mi
needs caufe oppiUtions and obftru&ions. But laftly to cc
elude with this Indian drink, I will add what I ha
heard Phyiicians of -the Indians fay of it, and have feen
by experience in others ( though ne*e- I could find it

ifyi'f felf; ihar tjioie that ufe this Chocolatte mucj

:
"

:-'-.'
'
.
Sr°
lap. XVL o/íteWeftJndies 147
and Corpulent by it : which indeed may (eem
v fat
that all the ingredients,
1 to believer for contidering
extenuate, than make tat, be-
ept the Cacao, do rather
hot and dry in the third degree. And we
fe they are
the Qualities which do predominate
re already faid, that

Cacao, are cold and dry, which are very unhttoadd

beanfwer-
/SubftancetotheBcdy. Neverthelefs it may
which have been pro v'd
that the many un&uous parts,

Cacao, are thofe which pinguehe and make

be in the
competition ferve
-, and the hotter ingredients of this
to the liver and the other
a Guide, or vehicle to pais
fleihy parts and there finding
till they come to the
',

rts
hot and moilt, as is the unétuous
ikeSubttance which is
converting feli into
it the fame fubfiance, k doth,
rt
But how then might th> Cacao
gment and pinguefieJ
ith the other Indian
ingredients be had in Encimé? e-

n by trading in Spain for it, as

we do for other Lorn-
odities or not fleighting it fo
•,
much as we and the Bol-
feas i oí I whom
«ferxhave often done upon Che Indian
ive heard the Spaniards fay
that when we have taken a
anger and wrath
w
jod prize, a Ship laden with Cacao,
over board this good Commodity, not
-chave hurl'd
but calling it in
«aidina the worth and goodneis of it,
orSheeps Dung .m good
ad Spain, Cagaruta de Carnero,
ncceffarieft commodities in the
TmuL it was one of the
particular more
'ndia's, and nothing enriches Cbiap* in
lian it, whither are brought
from Mexico and other parts,
for this Cagaruta de Car-
he Rich Bags of Patacons, only
which we call Sheeps Dang, The other Drink
im>,
nuch us'd in the India's is cM
Atolle, of which I will
it cannot be us'd here.
ay but a little, becaufc I know
Ink was Drink of the ancient Indians , and is a
the
taking off the
thick Pap made of the Flour of Mail,
is windy and
Melancholy. This
Husk from it, which

U commonly carried by the Indian Women to foe Mar-

fold in cups. The Cij-
ket hot in pots, and there h
Tavern to Drink a cup
¡L Students , as we go to a
the Pubhck Markets,
of 'Wine fo they go. in Company to
R 4. and
248 A New Survey Chap. XVli.
and as publickly buy and diink% mcafurc
of this Atolle,
which fometimes is feafoned with a little
Chile, or lone
Pepper, and then it pleafeth thembeit. But
the Nuns and
Gentlewomen have got a trick of confectioning
it witr
Cinnamon, Sweet-wafers, Amber, or Musk, and
flore oí
Sugar, an d thus it is held to be a moft
ftrong and nouriih-
ing drink, which the Phyficians do
prefcribe unto a weak
body, as we do here our Almond-milk.
But of wha
England never knew nor tailed, I will
fay no more
buthaftenmypen to Guatemala, which hath been
my fel
cond patria.

chap. xvn.
Shewing mj Journey from the City of Chiapa
unto Guatemala , and the chief faces in the
way.

THeCity
time now being come that
of
I was to leave the little
Cbiapa , I took fome occafion before- hand
to take my leave of my beft friends, whofe children I had
taught, and at my departure f muft conftfs I found them
kind and bountiful, except it were Donna Magdalena de
Morales, from whom 1 did not exped, neither
did I defir<
any farewel, or adieu token. But among all, the
Govern-
ours wife was moft liberal unto me, fending
me many
boxes of Asomatical Chocholatte, and one
extraordinary
great box with four feveral divifions of different
Conferves
gilt over, befides many Maple breads,
and Biskets made
with Eggs and Sugar, a pre fen it was which t
might have
been ient to a greater man than to a poor
worthltfs Men-
dicant Fryer, and with this in a
handkerchief a dozen
Pieces of Eight. Don Mclchior de Velazco yet exceeded her,
in words and complements, I mean, but
in deeds, he and
allthecrewof theCiiolians muft think to come fhoit
oí
them
p: XVII. of the Weft-Indies. zty
The firftTown I went unto
who are bom in Spain.
a fair and great
Tbeopixca fix leagues from Chiapa ,
Indians, who are held to be next unto the Indi-
n of
fitting and riding a horfe. In
rf the other Cbiapa in
nothing fo confiderable as the Church,
which
rown is
unto it fwect
eatand ftrong, and the mufick belonging
harmonious. The Vicar or Curate of this place was
Fryer PeterMartyr a Criolian, whom I knew could not
diffembie a love
irethe Prior nor me , yet he would
(hews raik
pkmental exceeding well, and in outward
)to gradas ut odo. He knowing my prevalency with
goocl entertainment
Prior, durit not but give me very
his com-
ch continued two days, until I was weary of
nents. ,

fhe third day I took my leave of him, who would not

leave me, but would condud me to Comitlan, whi-
named
was invited by the Prior of that Cloifter,
I

er Ihomas Rocolano a French man, who being a ftran-

to the Spaniards ( for befides him

and my (elf there
dehred acquam-
j no other (hanger in that Country )
fettle by meeting me
ce with me, which he began to
the halfway with many Indians
on Horfe-back, having
jvided an harbour where we might more conveniently
ifer and reft while our Chocolatte
and other refreihments
:re provided. But the Criolian Peter Martyr was not a
Cloifter)
:leenv ious, f as I was afterwards informed jn the
much made of and efteemed in th¿ Country,
fee me fo
t his fair words and
complements far exceeded the fince-
y and down- rightnsfs of my French friend. At Qormt-
n I ftay'd a whole week, riding about witji the Prior
ito the Indian Towns, and down the hill to the valley

Xopanabajlla, where I injoy'd much paftime and recre-

ion among the Fryers and Indians, and was feafted af-
r the manner of the Country, which knoweth more of
i Epicurean diet than doth England, or any part cf En-
>pe; nay I am perfwaded ( and Í have heard Spaniards
Mifcfs it ) that Spain hath taken from
the India's fmce
fsveral dilVs
be conqueft many kffo»* for the dreffing of
and
 25° A NemSuryey Chap. XV
and compleating a feaft or Banquet. After the week \
ended my French friend the Prior conduced me to ,

quintenango, to fee me well furnifhed up the Mountains

Cuchitmatlanej. This Town fas I have formerly obferv'
(landeth almoft at the end of the Valley Or
Copanabajl
and within two leagues of the Cuchumatlanes. It is
c
of the fincit Indian Towns of all the Province díChia¡
and very Rich, by Reafon of the much Cotton woollin
and efpecially by Reafon of its fituation i (landing in \

Road-Way to Guatemala, all the Merchants

of the Coi
try that trade withLtheir mules that way, pafs
through ti
Town, and there buy and fell, enriching it with their mot
and far brought Commodities. It is moil plentifully fl

red with fruits, efpecially with what they call

Pina's
Pins fruit. It ihndeth clofe by the great River,
whi
runneth to Cbiapa of the Indians , and hath its fpring
n
far off from the Cuchumatlanes, and yet at this Town
very broad and deep. No Man norbeaft Travelling to
Gt
témala, can go into it, or from Guatemala can go out
it, but by ferrying over. And the Road being much u;
and beaten by Travellers, and by fuch as they call Requ
of mules ( every Requa coniifting of 50 or threefco
mules) this Ferry is day and night imploy'd, and yiel
much treaiure to the Town at the years end. The India
of the Town beiides the ferry boar,
have made ma¡
other utile boats, orCanoa's to go up and down the R
ver. Hither when the Prior of Comitlan had broil*
me, we were waited for by the Vicar or Fryer of that Tow
with the chief and principal Indians, and moil of the C
noa's. As we ferryed over the little Canoa's went befo
us with the Qua- liters of the Church finging before u
and with others founding their Waits and Trumpets. Tl
Fryer that lived in this Town was call'd Fryer Hieronyi
dz Guevara, little in iiarure, but great in fíate, pride ar
vanity, as he lliewed himfelf in what he had provide
for us both of Fiih and Fleih. A brave FrofcfTor or vow.
of Mendicancy and poverty he was, who in tweh
years .that he had lived in the Town, what by mumrnir
hap. XVII. of the Weft-Indies. 251
what by (hearing and
Maffes for the dead and living,
cincr what by trading and trafhck-
the poor Indians,
had got fix
withthc Merchants that ufed that Road,
ient to Spain to the
ndred Duckats , which he had
Simoniacally for the
mit of Madrid, to trade with them
which if he obtained not, (yet when
hoprick of Cbiapa,
report went that he had
•ame out of the Country the
tained it ) he would and
was well able with a iecond
a better. After two days feafting
with
pply to obtain
m he and the Prior of Comhlan both joyned their Pow-
and Authority to fee me well manned with Indians
the nrft Town of the CttchuwatUnu. A Mule was
epared to carry my bedding, ( which we commonly
chefls oí leather call'd Petaca's )
lived with us in
my Petaquilla wherein was my
mother Indian to carry
hocolatteand implements to make if,
all
and three more
ndians to fide beiore and behind toguide me; but to all
lefe nothing was to be paid, ( left a cuftom of paying
doófcrined meas ano-
louldbe brought in, for fo they
Country,) except; it were to give them a Cup
jce in that
fChocholatteif Idrankin-the way, or when I came
to

journeys end. Here i took my leave oí my good

ny
?rencb friend, ( who yet continued fnendihip with me
to Guatemala ) and of my low but
Y frequent letters
m
>

y entertainment,
minded Guevara, who bad me expeft
until 1 were well pa fled
no friend-
over the C«-

.kumatlaues and arrived at S acapnia which was four

,

Jays journey from thence.

Yet he told me I might
demand what feivice I lift from the Indians, and cal! tos:
had a mind to eat without paying any mony
what 1
down my expences in the common
I that I did write
town Book. .

went away from my friends lomewnat

: heavy,
Thus I
Indians, leaving
having no other company but'unkown
a pleatant and deiightfom
valley behind me , 'and iee~

ing nothing before me but high

and ñeepy hn.s and
and confidering that in four or hve days I
mountains,
ihould fee ns more gäfant Dominicans
and of mine own
¡M 1-
* - prjsd-
 i^ A New Survey Chap. XVl
profeffion. Now I wiihed
had the company of my
I
M
hndez and other friends, who were a comfort
one to an<
ther upon the hills and rocks of
Maquilaba Yet at la
I concluded, up Englifh heart and courage,
quondam hi
memtnijfe jttvabiu Though the Mountains feemed hig
a far off, yet as Í travelled on, I found the way lie be
tween them very' eafie and paifablc, and met now
and the
Requas of mules, which were no little comfort unto
m
toconfider, they being heavily Itden could go throug
if
thofe Mountains, my Mule that had in me but
a light bui
den would overcome anydanger ; it comforted m
eafily
alfo to cohfider that there were Towns
( though but littl
ones) where I might retí every night. The further
went, the better and more open I Bund the Road
> Onl<
the rain and dirt troubled me, which I could
not avoid
it being the end oí September, oras
(here they reckon, thi
end of Winter. The h'ri* Town I came to amungu thoii
Mountains was called St. Martin, a little Place of fom<
twenty houfes. I went to the houfe that belonged to th(
Francifcan Fryers ( who fcldom in the year came to
thai
poverty of houfe and houfe room ) where I lighted
and
caufed-the Indians to be called, who were appointed
to
give attendance to travellers and pafTengers. I found
them
very tradable and dutiful, bidding me welcome, bringing
me hotwaterformyCbocolatte, which I drahk off hear-
and gave unto my Indians of Izquintenango, who re-
tily,

freshed themfelves and their mules well for nothing, this

being a cuftom among thofe Towns in the Road to wel-
come one another, whenfoever they come with travellers.
Í might have had for my flipper any thing that place would
afford, but! made choice oía Puller, which
I thought
would be cheapeft for the poor Indians. I was glad I had
brought with me a good big Frafco, as they call it, or bottle
of Wine, for 1 began already to find the Cuchumatlanes
cooler than the valley of Copponabaftla. bed was made My
in a thatched Cobe, and Indian boys appointed to
little

fkep in the next room to me, and to be at hand if in the

night I fhould want any thing. Thus having appointed
what
hap. XVIL of the Weft-Indies. 2 55
iatattendance I had need of in the morning to the next
)wn difcharging the Indians that had brought me from
quintenango, I went unto my reft, which i took as qui-
y as iff had been in the
company of my beft friends,

íe next day being accompanied by two Indians, having

it my carriage by another, I
took my journey ro the next
own, which \sci[?dCuchumatlan grande, becaufc it ftan-

th on the higheft part of thofe Mountains, and in the

ay the Indians (hewedme the head fpring or foun-
in of the great River of Cbiapaof the Indians, which is
e only remarkable fhfog in that
Road. Cucbumatlan
ande is a Town a little bigger man St Martin* and of
dians very courteous, who are ufed and beaten to day-
trafdlers, and fo make very much of them. Here E
as entertained as the night before > and
found the poor
tdians willing to give me whatsoever I demanded for

ly better andfafer guiding and conducting the next day,

[id that night for my fupper
what I pleafed to call for,
without any pay, but only writing down my name and ex-
ences with the day and month in their common book of
ccnunts. This are thofe poor wretches brought to by the
ryers and commanding Juftices, though of themfelves
hey have no more than a Milpa of Maíz as they term it,
ir a little Indian Wheat Plantation,
with as much Chile as
vill fuffice them for the year, and what
the Merchants and

travellers give them voluntas ily, which- is little enough,

«romthis Town I would not follow the Road to the next,
tfhich was a long journey of feven or eight leagues with-
out baiting by the way ; and alfo hecaufe Í had been infor-
med 'at Chiapaznd at Copanabaflla of a ftrange picture of
our Lady, which was amongft thofe Mountains in a little
Town of Indians call'd Cbiantla , which in this days jour-
ney being not above a league out of my way, I was refoU
ved to fee. The ways were bad, lying out of the Road,
yet by noon I got to Cbiantla, which is a Town belonging
unto Mercenarian Fryers, who doubtlefs would not be
able to fubfift in fo poor a place, had they not invented
¡hat loadftone of their pi&ure of Mary and cried it up for
miracu-
254 tí Ni?» Samy Chap. XVI
miraculous, to draw people fat and near, and all Travellei
from the Road to pray unto it, and to leave their gifts an<
alms unto them for their Prayers and Maffes. Such an in
come of treafure and riches hath been got from deluded an
ignorant fouls to this beggarly Town, that the Fryers hav
had wherewith to build a Cloiiter able to
maintain four c
fiveof them. The Church is richly furniihed, but efpecial
ly the high Altar, where the Pifture flandeth in a Tabei
naclewith half a dozen curtains of Silk, Sattin, Cloth c
gold, with borders Of gold-lace before it, wearing arid
Crown of gold, thickly belet with Diamonds and othe
precious (tones. There hang before it at lean a dozei
rich lamps of filverj and in the Vehry of the Churel
are many Gowns, Gandlefticks of Cenfers to bun
íílver,
Frankincenfe before it, befides rich Copes
, Veitments
Ornaments, for the Altar i and hangings for all th
Church.
To conclude here is
a treafure hid in the Mountain i C
that could be found out to do the Lord fervice
it
I wa !

welcomed to this place by thofe Fryers, who were Granger

untóme ; my head was filled that day by them
with rela
tionsof ftrange and many miracles, or lies, which they tole
me of that Picture-, but the heayinefs of my head did mi
good in fomething, for it made me more drowfie at nigh
and apter to take good reft. The next day Í got into th<
Road again, and went to *the iaft Town of thefe Cmku
matlanes call'd Chautlan, where I ftay'd all that
day anc
night, and fent before a letter to the Prior of
Sacapuh
of my going thither the next day. In Chautlan I was
verj
kindly ufed by the Indians, and liked the Town
the bettei
for the excellent grapes which there I found, not
planted
like Vineyards, but growing up in Arbours, to fhew that il
that land were planted, it would certainly yield as
good
grapes for wine as any are in Spain. They are carried
from that place to Guatemala^ which fiands from it neai
'40 leagues, and are fold about the iireets for rarities
and great dainties i and well may they, for from Mextct
to Qmimah there are none like them. The next mom-
iap;
—
XVII. of the Weft-Indies. 255
I
might come the foon-
madehafte tobe gone, that I

to Sacapula , where Ithem of mine

was to rind

n profeifion. with whom 1 knew

I might nay and reft
rid above three
whole week' if I pleafed. I had not
at a low and deep bot-
gues , when 1 began to difcover
í¡, aVafant ana
8oodl y Valle y>
laccd with a Rivcr>

lofe water receiving the glorious brightnefs of Pbxbus

Mountain a
ams , reverberated up to the top of the
psofpeft to the beholders-, the more I haited
lightfrme
that feemingParadife, the more
did the twinkling and
which had no
inton ftream invite me down the hill i
I

Dner defcended, but I found in an

Arbour by the water
a good Train of
S acapnia bimkti with
lethe Piior of
dians , with
waiting for a cup me
of Chocolatín At
e rirft I was a little
daunted to behold the Prior, who
his throat fwel-
oked moft fearfully with a bladder from
over his ihoulders
Jalmoft round his neck, which hung
id breaft, andftay'd up his chin, and lifted up his head
but up to hea-
I that he could fcarce look any whither
In our difcourfe he told me that
cifeafe had been
en.
leaft ten years, and that the water of
that
pon him at
Liver, had cauied it in him,
and in many others of that
"own. This made me now as much out of love with
¡ie River, as above
the hill I had liked the goodly fight

f and therefore refolv'd not to itey fo long in that

it,

ilace'as I had thought, left the

water (houid mark me
brail my life, as they had slone this
Prion whofe name
vas Prior John de la Cruz, a Bifeain born , and ( like,
bme of that nation ) a little troubled with the limpies
>ut a good hearted man, humble
and well beloved over
ill the Country, both by Spaniards and Indians, When
1 difcovered many men and women
t came to the Town
Prior, which
with bladders in their throats, like the poor
made me almoft unwilling to drink there any Chocolatte
made with that water, or eat any thing dreffed with it,
until the Prior did much encourage me, and told me that
it did not hurt all, but only fome, and thofe who did
drink it cold > wherewith I refolv'd to fiay there fouror
five
 256 Ä New Survey Chap. XV
live days bccaufe of the old Priors importunity, vs
would fain have had me continue to live with him, p.
mifing to teach me the Indian language in a very ih
time. But higher matters calling me to Guatemala, I <
cufed my felf, and continued there five days with mt
recreation. The Town though it be not in the gene
very rich, yet there are Tome Indian Merchants who tra
about the Country, and efpecially to Suchutepeques, win
is the chief llore oí Cacao, and thertby fome of this To\

of Sacapula, have inriched themfelvesi the reft oft

people trade in pots and pans, which they make of an eai
there fit for that purpoie. But the principal Merchandi
of this place is Salt, which they gather in the mornii
from that ground that lyeth near the River. The air is h<
by reafon the Town ftandeth low, and compalTed wi
high hills on every fide. Befides many good fruits whi
are here, there are Dates as good as thofe that come fro
Barbary , and many trees of them in the Garden belongir
to the Cloifter. After I had here wearied out the weai
nefs which I brought in my
bones from the Cuchumatlam
I departed taking my way to Guatemala, and from Sac
pula Í went to a Town call'd St. Andres, or St. Andrew
which ftandeth feven leagues from Sacapula. a gre;
fix or

Town, but nothing remarkable in it, fave only Cortor

wool and Turkies, and about it fome rich Eftantia's c
Farms of.Catte!, which are commodiouily feated here, i

being a plain Champaign Country. Yet at the further en

Of this plain there isa Mountain which difcourageth wit
the fight all (uch as travel to Guatemala. From St. Andre
I prepared my felf for the next days journey, which was c
nine long leagues, to a very great Town call'd by tw<
names, by fome Sacutlpá, by others Sta-Maria ZojabaL
to the which I could not go without palling over tha
Mountain. 1 fent word of going to Zojabah the day be
is the cuitorn there) that Mules and horfes migh
fore (as
meet me upon the Mountain and the night before I wen
i

a lodge built for travellers to reí

to a Rancho f which is
journey is long J which food within a league
when the
ih
jap, XVII. of the Wéft-Indies; f fr
Mountain by a River, where with the waters murmur
refreftiing gales I took good reft.
In the morning ha-
1

2 refreihed my felf, and my Indians with Chocolatte, I

Mountain j and when
out to encounter with that proud
overcome, as I had
ime unto it I found it not fo hard to
,ceited, the way lying wirh
windings and turnings i
j the higher I mounted the more
my eyes were trou-
I with looking to the
River below, whoie rocks were
»ugh to aftoniih and make a flout
heart tremble. About
middle of the mountain the Indians of Zobajab met us3

h a mule for me, and another for my carriage in a nar-

? paffage where the

way went wheeling. Here I light-
whilft the Indians helped one
another to unload my
narrow way
t mule and get me a freih one. Out of the
fide of the Mountain was fteepy, and a fearful preci-

e of two or three miles

to the bottom, almoft bare of

es, here and there one

only growing. My heart Was
e untome, wilhing me to walk up a foot until I came
perceiving
to fome broader paffage i but the Indians
ffear, told me there was no danger y alluring me further

it the Mule they had brought was fure, and had been
II ufed to that mountain. With their peifwations I
t up, but no fooner was I mounted
when the Mule be-
play her pranks and kick, and to leap out of the
| to
both rouling and tuni-
ty, carting me down and
her felf,
not a íhrubpre¿
ng apace to the rocks, and death, had
flopped the Mules blind fury. The
nttd me, and a tree
miracle, to*^
dians out, milagro, milagro, rniracle,
cxkd
WW, a Saint, a Saint, me fo loud as if they would have
to
d their cry reach to Rome to help forward my canoniza»

I ; for many fucb miracles have by fome been noifed at

of mony have been
Er, and with further contribution
Catalogue oí Safety Wbilii
rolled in the book and
helped me up and brought the Mule agam-
e Indians
to the way, they did nothing but flatter
me
with this
needed not have done, they
if as
rm Saint 5 which they

>nfidered my dangerous fall ar.d flopping at a fori*

which was by chance, and not by mítawlc j they had tura
2j8 ANew Survey Chap. XV
ther confidered my paflion and hafty wrath ( not befitti
a Saint ) wherewith I threatned to baft their ribs for <

ceiving me with a young Mule not well accuftomed to

faddle. But all my hafty words and anger could not c
credit me with them, nor leffen their conceit of my hi
nefsand fan&ity, who hold the anger and wrath of a Pr
tobe the breath of Gods noftrils, and with this their fe
iih conceitof me, they kneeled before me kiffing my han
The bufinefs being further
examined, they confeffed t
they had been mifiaken in the Mules, having fadled
me that which fhould have carried my Petacas or lead*
chefts, which was a young Mule accuftomed only to cai
ages, and not to the faddle, and upon that which ího
have been fadled they put my carriage. Whilft they i
loaded and loaded again and ladled the right Mule, I wa
ed up the hill about a mile, and when they overtook m
got up and rid till I met with my refreftiing harbour a
Chocolatte, and many Indians that came to receive r
among whom it was prefently noiCed that I was a Sa:

and had wrought a miracle in the way i with this the i

oí the Indians kneeled to me and killed my hands, and
the way that we went to the Town, all their talk v
of my fanclity. I was much vexed at their firnplici
but the more they faw me unwilling to accept of that r
nour, the more they preiTed it upon me. When I cai
$o the Town I told the Fryer What had happened, a
what the foolifh Indians had conceited > at which he laug
cd, and told me that he would warrant me if I ftayed lo
in the Town, all the men and women would come
Mfs my hands and to offer their gifts unto me. He knf
wdl their qualities, or elfe had taught them this fuperfti
on with many others* for no fooner had we dined, fc

many were gathered to the Church to fee the Saint th

was come to their Town, and that had wrought a n
racle in the mountain as he came. With this I began
be more troubled than before, at the folly of the fimr.
people, and defired the Fryer to check and rebuke thei
who by no means would, but rather laughed ae if, fa
in
Shap. XVII. of the Weft-Irtdiesi i y?
of any honour from
ne that in policy we ought to accept
as long as we had credit and an opinion
he Indian,, for
>f Saints among them,
folong we ihould prevail to do any
hinz with them, yea even to command
them and their
"ortunes at our pleafure. With this I went down with the
?ryer to the Church, and fat down with him in a chair iri

lie Quire, reprefenting the perfon

of fuch a Saint as they
wretch-
magined me to be, though in realty and truth but a
id finner.
fooner had we taken up our places, when }ne kidi-
No
P, men, women and children came up by three £nd four,
firft kneeling down for my
families to the Quire,
>r whole
rfefling, and then hands, they began to fpeak
killing my
:o me in their Indian
complements to this purpofe, that
bklTed from heaven
heir Town was happy and doubtlefs
>y my coming into it, and that they hoped their fouls
partake of my
hould be much the better if they might
payers to God for them. And for this purpofe feme of-
eggs, fome little
ered unto me mony, fome hony, fome
nantles, fome plantins, and other fruits, fome fowls, and
[bme turkies. The Fryer that fat by me
I perceived was

Tver joyed with this, for he knew 1

was to be gone, and
would leave unto him all thofe offerings. I defaed him

to make anfwer unto the Indians

in my behalf, excuhng

foe as not well verfed in their

language (yet the fools if
Saint, might have ex-
they thought and judged me to be a
pected from me alio the gift of tongues)
which he did,
had been but a while iri that Country,
tellingthem that I
yet could
and though I underftood part of their language,
nor pronounce it perfectly, and therefore from
not fpeak
me he did give them hearty thanks for the great love fhef;
had (hewed unto an Embaffadour of God,
witneffing if
of which ¿flu redly ihould
with fo many forts offerings,
in our pray-
remind him and me of our offerings for them,
ers and hearty recommendations of them and their chil-

dren unto God. Thus was that Ceremony

ended, the In-

dians difmilTed, and the Fryer and f

went up to ä cham-
ber, where he began to tell his
eggs and fowls, and to dif-
S i pole
 l

2 6o A New Survey Chap. XVl

Oí
ta°ke ( he m
n,e
K í
th£m *? Putfu er
PP '
he ,old ™ he woul
for them ; he bad me keep what
mony they had given m
android me I was welcome unto
him, and no butthenfo,
guefl, but very profitable,
who had brought with me fto.
ot prov.non for my felf
and for him many days after Tf
rCC£ Ved
i?™
he gave me f u™,
for the
t0 (o "y Rials befides twenty
'
other oSerings, which might
whic
be wort

for notbreakwg my neck. I would fain

have departed tb
next momtog, but John Vidall
( fo was the Fryer named
would not permit me, for
that the next journey was o
a

KtenSSJ.
0IClhe W0U ' d haVC Kft
^ »
S
r77au O<^0W"" ibthatot Sm
fi Za 'P» U ¡"hebiggeft
tk
0, 1
' ' an.

% if the ™° 'he Priory

beIon S S u
S***Ui I J
AAware r
and make of
rich
o
their Cotton
»ool many mantle,, they have
plenty of hony and grea
Mt and kids ; but h " e nor in 8
be hLd1hf
behmd
•
> »« the To w„
there ,s no wheat, fave
only hdiMS Maiz Th<
next day fome imall offerings
fell unto me, but nothing lik
the day before; and fo I told the Fryer, that
peoples devotion was
now h
decayed, I would be gone°n
h
mormng before day. That right «he chief
&
ZZ o

° r l0d8e
?utt¿¿i?* n
9
r
aCC£pt0f
,h at nandet h ¡" *e middle
41
the S' £at °" es but defired
,

\llZ^
Imght have °l
three only of the
tha >

Zm
meaner guide fort to
till 1 met with company from
i
the Town
whither I
going and whither I had fent warning
of my coming

ÍT-
ng, TlffiT*
at which hour after
a little
wast hree of the clfck in
^°Z1
and sleep I was called
having drunk my Chocolatte,
and ea/a maple brcad with

u^^tr
found
fo
C J e a
Pf P
my felt for myJourney, and
the In^s ready waiting
'

for me in he yard,
^
Kl^r 00
* Wh Ch burn Bke
which hey ufe to travel in the
m, to him whom
,
with
w h
night, and t¿ (hew the
! 'Wand
they guide. A liftlcfrom the Town we
had
 + m
:hap. XVfl. of the Weft-Indies. 2 gi
id feme craggy ways, which indeed had meed of lights*
it afterwards we came into a plain champaign Country*

'hich continued till within a league of the middle way

dge i to the which we were to deicend a fteep hill. When
e came thither ( which was about feven in the morning J
e found our freih fupply waiting for us, who had fet out
om their Town at midnight to meet us ( note the Indi-
\s fubje&ion to their Priefts command ) and had made

¡afire, and warmed water for our Chocolatie. Which

hilft I was drinking, ¿he Indians of Zobajab, who had

lided me thither, gave notice to thoie that came to re-

ive me from St. Martin ( fo was the Town called whither
was that day minded ) of my miracle andfan&ity, wiíh-
!g them to reverence and refpeéfr me in the way. But
)t for this thpr foolifti report did I make the Indians of

obajah drink every one a cup of Chocolatte, and fo dif-

liffed them ? and took forwards my journey to St. Martin.

[oft of the way was hilly and cfíggy till we tame within

vo miles of the Town i to the which we arrived by

aon. This Town is cold, ftanding high, yet pleafant
>r the profped almoft to Guatemala > here and in moft
4

I
the Towns about it is moft excellent Wheat. The
any of this Town is the beft in the Country ; but above
I it furnifheth Guatemala with Quails, Partridges, and
abbits. It is the nrft Town we enter into belonging to
\e City and command of Guatemala > which did not a
trie comfort me, that now I wanted but one good jour-
ey to make an end of my long, tedious, and wearifom tra-
slling. The Fryer of this Town named Thomas de la
ruz, belonged unto the Dominican Cloifter ot Guauma-
\\ he was a Criolian, but yet he entertained me very
jvingly. I ftayed with bim but that night. And in
le morning ( though I might have gone to dinner to Guá-

rnala ) 1 would needs go by the way to one of the big-

eft Towns in that Country, csWcdCbimalteftanga,, ftanding

i an open valley three leagues from the City, con lifting

i a thoufand houfe- keepers, and rich Indians who trade

auch about the Coumry, Jn this Town in my time there

§ 3 was
z6z A New Survey Chap. XVll.
was one Indian, who alone had beftowed upon the Church
five thoufand ducates. TheChurch yields to none in the1

City oí Guatemala, and in muiick it exceeds moft about the

Country. The chief feaft of Cbimaltenangoh upou the 26.
day oí July, (which they call St. Anns day) and then is the
lichen fair that ever my eyes beheld in thofe parts of all
forts of Merchants and Merchandizes It is farther fet forth
with Bull-baiting, Borfe-racing, Stage-plays, Mafques,
Dances, Muiick, and all this gallantry performed by the
Indians of the Town. The Fryer of this Town was a
Dominican, belonging to the Cloiiter of the
Dominicans
of Guatemala, named Alonfo Hidalgo, a four-eyed old man,
for he always wore fpe&acles. He was a Spaniard born,
¡but having been brought up in that Country from his youth,

and having taken his habit and vows in Guatemala amongft

the Criolians, he degenerated from his birth and Country-
f
men, hating all fuch as came fro?n Spain. He was a dead-
ly enemy to the Provincial (aiming indeed himfelf to be
Provincial with the favour of the Criolians ) and To I per-
ceived he" would have picked a quarrel with me, whilft I
was with him i he told me I was welcome, though he had
lirtie reafon to bid any welcome that had come from Spain,

who he thought came but to iupplant thofe that had been

born and brought up there in their own Country, and that
for ought he knew, I learning the language of thofe Indi*
am might one day difpcííefs him of that Town, wherein
he h¿d continued above ten years \ he inveyed much a-
gainft the Provincial and Fryer John Baptift the Prior oí
Guatemala, whom he knew to be my friend , but to all this
I anfwered not a word, refpc&ing his grave and old age,
and Cvy/tal fpeótacles.. At lail he fold me {hat he had heard
fay, that úiclndians of fybajabluci cryed me up for a Saint,
which Tk could not believe of any that came from Spain\
much lefs of me imt came from England a country oí he-
hticksj but he feared ra;her that I might come as a (pie,
to vie* le riches
':
i ¿hat their Country, and betray them
t

hereafter :o England and that in Guatemala there were ma-

\

py ij'ch pieces, cfpeciiily'a piirute of pur Lady, anda lamp

tli
 >

:hap. XVIL of the Weft-Indies. 263

ithe Cloifter of the Dominicans, which he
doubted not
ut Iwould be careful co pry into. But all this I put up
útha jeft, faying, I would be fure to take notice fir ft of
ie richesof his chamber in Pi&ures, Hanging», and rich
iabinets, and that if the Englifh came thither in any time,
would furely condu& them to it •, and if he himfelf would
utcaufe a let of teeth of filver to be fet in his gums and
iws in ftead of thofe leaden ones, ( for he was fo old that
ie had loft all his teeth, and had got fome of lead in their
cead ) then furely I would alfo conducir the Englifh to him
s and that I would warrant
to a rich prize for his teeth,
lim he ihould be well ufed for his outward and inward
iches i and that this my counfel might be profitable and
>fconference to him, I told him, that if the Englifh
hould come, certainly they would try of what mettal his
eeth were made, thinking that they might be of fome
are and exquifite fubftance found only in that Country,
ind fo might caufe him to drink fuch hot and fcalding
>roath, ( to try whether they were lead ) as might melt
hem in his mouth, and make the melted lead run down
lis throat, which if they were of ííl ver they would not do.
He perceived that I jcared him, and fo he let me alone
[was glad I had put him out of his former byas of railing *
1 dinner being ended, 1 told him I would not (lay fupper9
nut go to Guatemala to a light fupper in the Cloiikr, for
that he had given me fuch a dinner, as í feared I iliould
not have digelkd it in few days. I deiired him to let me
davc Indians to guide me to Guatemala, which he willingly
performed, peradventure fearing that if I ftayed fupper
with him, I Ihould melt the teeth in his mouth with fome
fcalding cup of my Chocolate brought from Cbiapá? or
that in the night 1 ihould rifle or plunder his Chamber of
his rich Idols and Ebony Cabinets. The Indians being come,

I made hafte to be gone from that four-eyed Beaft, being

now deiirous of a conftant refl in Guatemala. Within a
league from this Town of Chimaltenango^ the Road way
leaving that open, wide, and fpacious valley, contraéis and
gathered! in it felf between hills and mountains (landing
s 4 on
% 64 A New Survey Chap. X VI]
on each fide, and fo continueth to the City. From th
Valley unto Guatemala, neither is there any afcent or d
fccnt, but a plain, broad and iandy way. The eye ha
much to view, though comparted with Mountains, in the
two !aft leagues \ for yet it may behold
Town of India a
which takah up moft of the way, and counted as big is
|

Chimaltenango, if not bigger, the houfes lying fcatten

with a diftance one from another, mingled with mar
fail buildings of Spaniards, who refort much thither
fro
the City for their recreation. This Town is called Xoc
twangd, of a fruit named Xocotte, wich is moft plentif
there, and all about the Country : it is freih and coolin.
of a yellow colour when ripe, and of two forts, fomefwe<
and others fowr, of the ftones whereof the Indians make
fire they lye fo thick in the way, dropping from the trp
•>

for w*ant' of gathering

and fpending them all ? that tl
Spaniards have begun to prac^ife the buying of Hogs c
purpofetolet them runabout that high way, rinding th;
they fat as fpcedily and as well with thofe plums, as ot
Hogs do in England with Acorns. All this way are all
many fair gardens, which fupply the Market of Guatem
la with herbs, roots, fruits, and flowers all the year. Thei
are further in this Road three water-mills for the corn t
the Cry, whereof the chief and the richeit belongs to t\\
Dominican Fryers cf Guatemala, who keep trjere a Fry<
conilantly with three or four Blackmores to do and ovei
fee (he work ; what will not thofe Fryers do to fatisfie thei
covetous minds ? Even dully Millers they will become t
get wealth. The Frontifpiecc oí the Church of this Tow
is judged one of the belt pieces
of work thereabouts i th
Júgh Altar within is alfo rich and (lately, being all daube<

with gold. I made no flay in this place, becaufe I knew

mould have many occafions after my fetling in the City t<
come unto it. And thus keeping between the hills I con
tinuedon my journey till! came* to Guaumala, whofe Do
midons, riches and greatnefs the following Chapter ihal
JargJy ihtw
€HA£
lap. XVIII. of the Weft-Indies. 265

CHAP.XVIH.
the Dominions, Government, Biches,
>fcriMn%
and Greatnefs of the City of Guatemala, and

Country belonging unto it.

Hid not rid on above a mile from the Church of Xoco*

tenant when the Hills and Mountains feemed to de-
a more fpacious objecT:
tt one from another, leaving
eye to behold, and a wider Valley to wander in. The
.
the
Mexico and Chispa had raiied up my
ne oí that City from
ftrong Walls Jowers,Forts or
Duahts to a conceit of fome
keep out an afpiring or attempting enemy * but
,twarks to
leaft thought of it, I found my felt in
ien I came near and
or gates, or palling over
without entring through walls,
any watch or guard to examine who
,v bridge, or finding
built Church, (landing near a
¿as but paffing by a new
•,

ace of dunghils, where

were none but mean houles, lome
asking what Town that was,
,atched,and fome tyled,and
ifwer made me that it was the City of Guatemala, and
was
St. Stbtfian, was the only Pariih Church
tat being called
With this my high conceiting thoughts ftoop-
t the City.
1 down fome fecond Cbiapa* till having con-
to think of
nued on a while by houfes on my right hand and dunghils
came to a broader ftreet having houfes on my
I my left, I
promife a City at hand. At my
ich fide, which feemed to
Idifcovered a proud and ftatcly Cloifter
which
rft turning
of reft to my wearied body. I furrounded
it
*as the place
back gate, and there lighted and enquired tor
find out the
he Prior, who bad me very
wclcom, affunngmc that for
he Provincials fake 1 ihould
want no incouragement, and
hat he would do for me much more than what the Provin-
cial had fignified unto him
by Letters. He told me he had
AJiurta^
?een brought up in Spain, in the Country of
 t66 A New Survey Chap. XV
where many Engliih Ships did ufe to
come, and hai
icen there many of my Nation, he affected
them very rn
and romeas one of fo good a Nation,
and as a ftrar
and Pilgrim out of my own Country, he
would Che*
the favour that the utmoft of his power
could afford. £
glad was I, to find in him fo contrary
an opinion to i

of four-eyed Hidalgo > And how did he perform

words? He was the chief Mafter and Reader
of Divii
in the Univerfity, his name Mafter
Jacinth de Cabm
who finding me deiirous to follow the Schools,
and el
cially to hear from him fomc leffons of Theology wit
the firft quarter of the year that I had been
his conftant s

attentive Auditor, graced me with a publick

aft of con<
fions of Divinity, which I was to
defend under his d¡
«ion and moderation in the face of the whole
Univer
and AfTembly of Dolors and Divines, againft
the Tene
of Scotus and Suarez. But the principal and head
cone
fion was concerning the birth of the
Virgin Mary, wh
both Jefuiis, Suarez, and Francifcans, and Scorifts
hold
have been born without original fin, or any
guilt or ft;
of it, againft whofe fond, fooliih, arid ungrounded
fanci
I publickiy defended with Thomas Aquinas, and all T
mifts that ihe ("as well as all Adams poftericy
>
was born
)
Original fin. It was an a&, (he like whereof had not be
fo controverted in that Univerfity with arguments in
a
tra, and their Anfwers and Solutions, and
with reafc
and arguments in pro, many years before. The Jefu
fiamped with their feet, clapt with their hands, railed wi
their tongues, and condemned it with their mouths foi
Herefie, faying, that in England, where were
Heretic]
&ch an opinion concerning Chrifts Mother migbt be he]
and defended by me who had my birth among Heretid
but th3t Mafter Cabannas, born among Spaniards,
ai
brought up in their Univ.-rfities, and being the chief
Re
'der in that famous Academy, (houid maintain
fuch an I

pinion, they could not but much marvel and wonder

it. But with pjtienccl toid them, that ftrong reafon
and iurthef authority of many karned Thomifij Divin
ihou
p. XVIII* of the Weft-ladies. 167
their vain and clamorous wondring.
The
\ fatisfie

and thougfi with the JefuitsI could get no

ras ended,
yet with the Dominicans, and
with Mailer Caban-
t

loft it for the fpace

got fo much that I never after
honoured by the
ft of twelve years » but was ftill
Cabannas and Fiyer John Baptijl the Prior
is of this
enfuing was made Prior oí Gua-
la ( who at Chriftmas
la ) honours and preferments as great as ever
with
ger was living among Spaniards. Thefe two above na-
of February that
being at Candlemas or the beginning
:
year at Cbiapa at the ekdion of a
new Provincial,
Id not forget me their
pooieft friend ftill abiding in
Univerfity ( which
témala, but remembring that the
nged chiefly to the Gloifter ) at Michaelmas would
t a or Mafter of Arts to begin with Lo-
new Reader
l continue through the eight books of Phylkks, and to
with the Metaphyfkks, propounded me to the
new
Provincial whofe same was Fryer John Ximeno )
red (
to the whole Chapter and
Conventicle of the Province
Reader of Arts in Guatemala the Michaelmas next en-
>g, Their fuit for me
was fo earneft and their authority
rreat, that nothing could be denied
them; and fothey
unto me from the Provincial Chapter thefe enfuing
ught
:ters Patents, from Fryer John
Ximeno, whofe form and.
I thought tit here to infert out of
the Original
nner
Spanifh ( which to this day abideth with me )for curio-

} and fatisfa&ion of my Reader.

?KayJuan Ximeno Tredieador General y Trior Provincial

San Vicente de Cbiapa y Guatemala,
dejia Provincia de
Convento de Sanäo
den de Predicadores, For qumto nue[\ro
Pro I a pre-
mingo de Guatemala carece de heüor de Artes,
vé inflituyo y doy pro LeSlor Al
Padre fray Thomas de San*
lUaria ( fo was my name then, and by this
name will
me Spaniards know me, who may chance hereafter to
ad this, and curfe me )por la fat isfacción que tengo de fu
1 mando al Pe. Prior del dicho nuefteo Convento,
fficientia.

Von«a m rpoMwn del tal Officio. X para m^or mérito de

•'•')' ••'
'•f f obedimm
 £88 A New Survey Chap. XVl
obedienti* temando in virtute Spiritusfan6ii
& fanü*
««*«, & fab precepto formali ; In nomin? Patrü,
}

& Filn
ob<

Spmtmjanüu Amen. Fecho en efie nuefiro Convento de ?

apa la Real en nueve de Febrero de
i6 2 y. J la mande fei
con [ello major de nuefiro oficio. '

Fray Juan Por Mandado de Nofiro

R,
or Padre, Fray Juan de
Ximeno S
Palis Domingo Nor.

Notifique ejia Patente a el Contenido,

en 12 di as del mes
Abril Je 1(527.

Fray Juan
Baptifta Por.

This Form according to the

Original in Spanish is thus
Fnghfh and to this purpofe.

ÜRyer John Ximeno Preacher General, and Prior Provii

JL cialof this Province of Saint Vincent
of Cbiapa at
Gxatmala, Order of Preachers. Whereas
our Convent ,

st-Dominic^of Guatemala wznteth and fands

in need of
ReaderofArts:By thefe preients I do inftitute, name an
appoint for Reader Fryer Thomas ofSt.
Mary, for the grei
latisfadjon which I have of his
fufficiency. And I con
mand the Prior of the aforefaid our Convent,
that he pi
him into full polTeifion and enjoyment of
the faid Offie
And for the greater merit of obedience, I command
hit
Tour forenarned Reader )by vertueof the Holy
Ghoh\ an
of holy obedience and under a formal
precept, In the Nam
ot the Father, and of the Son, and
of the Holy Ghoft A
menl Dated in this our Convent of Cbiapa
the Royal, th,
i?.of Feb. 1Ó27. And I command thefe
to be fealed witl
the great Seal of our Office;
Fryer John By the command of our Reverent
or f**hr FryrJobnofSt. Do
v. _ .

Ámmo Tal. m ¡,^ Notar/t

ip.XVffl. of t he Well-Indies: 169

ifiedthefe Letters Patents, nnto the cent awed in them the

2. day of'the month of April, 1427.

r John
ijl. Por.

'his honour conferred upon me a Granger, and new

er to the Province, made the Criolian party and fome
:rs
C who had aimed at that place and preferment ira

Univerfity ) to ftomack me. But to me it was a fpur to

and prick me on to a more eager purfuit of learning,
equent the Academy leffons with more care and dili-
ce v and tofpend my felt" and time, day and night, more

ludying, tnat fo I might perform with like honour

:which was hid upon me, and anfwer the expc&a-
of my beft and forwardeft friends. Three years I con-
ied in this Convent and City in obedience to the foreci*
Patents ; oftentimes I thought within my felf that the

lour of my Englijh Nation here lay upon me in Guatema-

la not fufforing any Spaniard to go beyond me, or to
brave me with gallant, wity, and well feeming argu-
its i and fo many times I would at nine of the clock at

bt, when others were gone to bed, take in my charrv

a cup of hot Ghocolatte, that with it I might baniih

p from my eyes, and might the better continue in my flu-
till one or two in the morn, being bound f o awake and be

again by fix. I was loath in thefe 3 years to take upon me

r
other of fuch charges which are common in fuch Con-
its, but efpecially to preach much, and fo hear
(he ConfeC
is of fuch both men and women as retorted ro the Church

hereby my ftudies might be hindered^

that Cloifier, left
I time fpent in other ways. Yet the Prior and Mailer
\annas would often be very importunate with me, to
:ain the Biihops Licenfe for hearing Confeffions, and

saching abroad in the City and Country (for in the

lurch of that Cloifter 1 might and did fometimss,
)ugh fcldorn, preach with permiiiion of the Provincial
>
hat
 17o J New Survey Chap. XV
fcut this I ftrongly refufed, until fuch time as the Pro
cialcame to Guatemala, who hearing me once pre
would by all means have me further licenfed and audi
fed from the Biihop, that fo I might not be íhraitned w
in the Gloiikrs limits, but abroad in other Churches m
freely preach, and thereby get fome money for the be
furniihing my felf with Books. He therefore comman
me to be examined by five examiners all able Divines,
( as is the cuftorn of that Ordi
the fpace of three hours
and having three hours ftood under their hard and ri
queftions and examination, having alfoat the end obtai
their approbation, then the Provincial prefented me u
the Bi(hop with thefe words following, being taken
of the Original yet abiding with me.

FRay Juan Ximeno Predicador Generally Provincial ¿

San Vicente de Cbiapa y Guatemala,
Provincia, de
den de Predicadores, Prefinió a Vuejira Senneria Ifluftriff,
al Padre Fray Ibomas de Sanüa Maria examinado y a¡
vado pro cinco examinadores per vota Secreta, confortm
nmftras Cenftitutiones, Para que vueftra Sennoria lllujirift
fe firva de dalle licencia para Confejjary Predicar a todo
ñero de Gente en fu Obifpado, Conforme a la Clementi
Dudum deSepulturis.
A Vueftra Sennoria Illuftriffima Suplico le aya pro PreJ
tado fe firva de dalle la dicha licencia, que en ello roeii
y
merced.

Fray Juan
or
Ximeno. Fa'.F,

This form of Pretention, ufed among them, rami

is in Engl
the party prefenting, and the paity prefented,
much to this purpofe.

FRyer Jchn Ximeno, Preacher General, and Provine

r
of this Province of Si.% in<xnt > of Chispa and Gua
hap. XVIII. of the Weft-Indies: 271
/*, Order of Preachers, do prefent unto your Lordihip
! Father Fryer Thomas of St. Mary ( already examined,
i approved by five Examiners by fecret Votes, according
our Rule and Conftitutions) that your Lordihip may be
;afed to grant him licence to hear Confcflions, and to
each to all of people in your Bifhoprick, according
forts
that Rule and Canon oí Pope Clement^ beginning with
efe words, Dudmn de Sepulturis.
I humbly befeech your Lordibip to have him for pre-
ited, and to grant him your forefaid Licence > and there-
I (hall receive great favour.

yer John
or
meno. Talis.

The Biihop of Guatemala being my great fr/end, and a

ell wiíher to learning, and efpecially to that Univerfity,
:eded not many words of
intreaty, but prefcntly gave
e this Licence written on the back- fide of the Prefentati-
i, and that without any further examination by his Oer-
I
and part of his Chapter, which he may and doth ufé
hen he pleaieth.

kJO/ el Mae fro Von Fray Juan de Sandoval, y Cap at a

*
^1 de la Orden de San Angujiin par la Divina Gracia
bijpo de Guatemalay la Vera Paz¡ del Conftjo de [a Magi-
id, &c. Por la Prefente damos licencia al Padre Fray Ibb-
as de Santa Maña
de la Orden de Predicadores Contenido I
1 la Presentation de fu Religion atrás Contenida, Para que
1 todo ejie nuefiro Obifpado pueda Predicar, y Prediqué l¿
alabra de Dios, para que pueda adminilírar, y adminijlre
y
Sacramento Santo de la Penitentia generalmente a todas
1$ Perfon asaque con el tubieren Devoción de Confeffar f e:<-
pto Momas ) y a las Per[was que Confejjare puede abfilver ~
9
abfuelva de todos fus pecados, Crimines y exeeffos, excepta
l las cafot refervadof a fu fantidad y a Nos pro Direcho.
y
 %7 * A New Survey Chap. XVI
Dada en la Cividad de S antjago
de Guatemala, en quarto
Uiziembre de Mill, y Seyfcientosye veynte y nueve Annos.

CI. Obifpo de Por Mandado del Ulmo. mi S<

Guatemala. nor Pedro Ramirez de Vaid
Secretario.

This form of Licence to preach and hear confefiions, frc

the Biíhop of Guatemala, is worth Englifliing 1

icme things in it, which I fhall obferve with incloi

Parenthefes as I go along for the better reminding 1
Reader of them.

WE ( Bifhops in that Church [corn the name of afing

lar perfon, Shewing they have the power of all perfo
joined together them of rich and poor , of Subjeft and trina
in

Maíkr and Lord Fryer John de Sandoval y Capataoítl

order of St. Augujiin ( though brought up in a poor Mend
cant Cloifter, yet now he takes upon him the title of a Lor,
andjhews how Prelate* in that Church ufe to Lord it over ft
) by the Divine Grace, Biíhop of Guatemala and tí
people
Vera Paz, ( heftyles himfelf a Bifhop by Divine Grace, whet,
as he himfelf according to the common report of him, as alfo a\

mofi Bijhops there made, was made hifhop not by any Divit
Grace, but by unwarranted Simony and favour from Court
ers, many thoufand Crowns for that his Bifhop
having given
rick ) oí his Ma jetty's Council ( Bijhops there rnufl be Com

feVorsto Kings, and meddle in Court and Politick affairs ) b

thefe Prefents give licence to Father Fryer Thomas of Sain
Mary, of the Order of Preachers, contained in the Prefer
tation from his religious Order on the back fide of thi
our Licence, that throughout all our Biihoprtckhe mayan<
do preach the word of God (yet Iconfefs this word of Got
U little uftd Sin ermons in that Clntrch, but rather the word,
of Saints of theirs and Fathers, and lying words of
miracles

wherewith they fluff up a whole hours preaching ) and that hi

may and do adminiftci the holy Sacrament of Penano
(no
iap.XVlIL of the Weil-Indies: 27?
t holy as it came from mouth of him to whom the
the

iphins cry Holy, Holy, Holy,

hut as it came from the head

íome, who fiacrilegioufly fly les bimfelf Hohnefs and mofl

y Father. Not a Sacrament as Jo left and ordained by

i(i, one
but Rome's feven Sacraments, which as it is
of
bills, ft will that
:ity kpotvn arid diflinguijhed by feven
Church by
from the true
trcb be known and diflingttifhed
generally to all perfons, which mall
n Sacraments )
c devotion to confefs with
him, excepting Nuns {this
the Chance-
op in that City one of the fix Judges of
had
is daughter, a Nun called Donna Juana de Maldonado y
he loved dearly, and much conferred
with her in
E whom
conferences he was jea-
'ate in the Cloifier, whoje private

theyfhould be kn&wn in Confefflon,

and therefore would fuf-
r

none to hear Nuns Confejftons, but fué as were his mofl

mate friends, and of whom he had great fatisfailion, ai-

ring this, reajbn, that fitch as heard Nuns Confejjions ought

very stylful and experienced in fitch ways, and men of

be

for that greater cafes of Confidence

i
wen to be met with in
than in others. By which reafon he unwifc-
ns Confejftons,
brought an afperfwn upon thofe Virgins,
who (hould live
llyand holily as feparated from the world and inclofed, and
within their inchfid
it feems by this B'tfhops «pinion, that
lis, fins are committed more
grievous than abroad in the wide
Father, if not inl-
Id, and fuch as may puzzle a Ghoflly
ancient) and íhat he rmy and do ablolve
all
and
fons which ihall confefs with him ( if only God can par-
and abfolve from fin, O how is Gods power
arrogated

i taken, yea and abujed by thoje facrilegi&us Priefts I )

m all their fins, crimes* and exceffes, excepting iueh
referved to his Hoünefs, and to us by
as are
Canon
es

wicked rule and Canon, a Government

certainly
hf. ( A
and tyrannical, that binds poor wretches in fome
I cruel
is to go from America to Rome, at Uafl eight thonfand
the Pope, or elfe they
1u clear their Confidences before

I whhmt pardon and abfilutun from fin, many ba-

die
go thither, nor gifts to beflow upon their
g not means to

K who mud h brifod to abfolve them. O hew more fweet,

T comfot-
 ;

274 A New Survey Chap. XV

comfortable and fafe is it for a heinous fmner and
offende\
ven at borne or in the Church grieving within his heart
hgeping within himfelf, to lift up a broken heart, and mak¿
i

poji and fie with wings of Eagles to the high throne of C

grace and mercy, with ajjured confidence that there only
pardon, remiflron, and abfolution granted to all
fuch ai
truly and unfeignedly repent of their fms , crimes and
ceffts¡) Dated in the City of Saint James of Guatemi
the fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord,
16

T[be Bifiop of By the command my

of i
Guatemala; IVujirious Lord, Peter [

mirez de Valde?. Secret,

Thus with full and ample Commiffion from the Bid

and the Provincial was I fetled in Guatemala, to read a
preach, where ( although Í might have continued nw
years, and was offered to read Divinity, having in
p
begun it one quarter of a year ) \ continued yet but th
years and almoft an half for the reafon I íhall (hew he
after. So what in that timé I could obferve of that Ci
and of the Country round about, having had occasions
travel about it both when
1 lived in Guatemala, and aft<

wards when above feven years in the Coun

I lived for
Towns, í íhall truly and faithfully recommend unto t

Reader. This City of Guatemala ( called by the Spa

ards, Santjaga, or St. James of Guatemala ) is feared ir
valley which is not above two miles and a half
broad, j

the high mountains do keep it clofe in \ but in length i

wards the South-fea it contains a wide and Champai

Country, opening it felf broader a little beyond that Tow
which to thfc day is called la Crvidad Vieja, or the (
City, (landing fomewhat above three miles from Gua
mala. Though the mounf ains on each íide do íirongly c
yiron if, and tfpecially on the Eait-fide feem to hang ot
it, yet none of them are hinderers to Travellers, who ov
the
lap. XVIII* e/tk Weft-Indies- 275
m have opened ways eafie for man and beafis , though
vily laden with wares of all foris. The way from
¡cica, it taken by the coaft of Soconuzco, and Sncbutepe*
r comes into the City North-weiVward, which is a
le, open and iandy road i if it be
taken by Cbiapa, it
ih' North-eait, and entreth into the City between the
untains, as before hath been noted. Weftw'ard to the
inVfea, the way lyeth open through the valley and a
tropaign Country. But South or South-eait, the en-
ice is over high and fteep hills, which is the common
d from Comayagua % Nicaragua, and the Golfo dulce of
et Gulf, where the ihips come yearly and unlade all
Commodities which are brought from Spain for Gua-
ila. This alfo is the way followed by them who take
lurney meer Eaftward from this City. But the chiefeft
jmtains, which itrafghten in this City and Valley are
>, called Vulcans, the one being a Vulcan of water,
the other a Vulcan or mountain of fire, termed fo by
Spaniards, though very improperly a Vulcan may be
i to contain water, it taking its name from the heathen-
God Vulcan, whofe proferían and imployment chiefly
; in fire. Thefe two famous mountains ftand almoft
one over againft the other, on each fide of the valley \
l of water hanging on the South fide almoft perpendi-
irly over the City, the other of fire Handing lower from

more oppofite to the old City. That of water is high-

than the other, and yields a goodly profped to the
it, being almoft all the year green, and full of Indian
pa's which are plantations of Indian wheat > and in
fmalland petty Towns which lie fome half way up if,
íe at the foos of it, there are Roles, Lilies, and othet
vers all the yearlong in the Gardens, beiides Planting,
ricocks, forts of fweet and delicate fruits.
and many It

ailed by the Spaniards, d Vulcan del agua, or the Vul-

of water, becáufe on the other fide ot it trorñ Guate-
a, it fprings with many brooks towards a Town cat-

St. ChrHtopber, and efpecially isthought to preierv-

i nouriih on tint fide alfo a great lake of frcih water,
T2 %
 6

if A New Suney Chap. XVI

by the Towns Amaiithn and Petapa.
called But on- 1!

fide of it towards Guatemala and the valley, it yields a

fo many fpringsof tweet and frefh water, as have caul
and made a river which runneth along the valley clofe
the City,, and is that which diives the water- mills fpoh
of before in Xocofenango. This river was not known wh
firir the Spaniards conquered that Country i but ilnce, ;

cording to their conftant Tradition, the City of Guatem

(landing higher and nearer to the Vulcan in that place a
Town which to this day is called la Cividjd Vieja, or i

old City, there lived in it then about the year 5; 4. a Gi

1

tlewoman called Donnx Marta de Ca\\iha i who having 1

Jier Husband in the wars, and that fame year buried a

all her children, grew fo impatient under thefe her cro!

and ar$c3ions, that impioufl'y ftie defied God, fayir

What can God do more unto me now than he hath dbr
he hath done his worn without it be to take away my
alio, which f now regard not. Upon thefe words th
guíhcd cut of Vulcan fueh a flood of water as carr
this
away this with the ftream, ruined many of
woman
houfes, and caufed the inhabitants to remove to the pi
where now ftandeth- Guatemala, This is the Spania
own Trad i; ion, which if true, íhoujd be our example
learn to fear, and not to defie God, when his judgme
(hew him to us angry and a God that will overcome, wl
he judgeth. From that time, and from this their Trad
on is the Town now ftandingj where firft flood Gnatewii
called j U Cividadlleja, or the old City, and hath contii
ed a river which before was not known, having its hi
and fpring from this high Vulcan, whofe pleafant fprin
gardens, fruits, flowers, and every green and flouriih
profpedt might be a fair object to a Martial* wif> who h
would fancy a near Tarnajfus, find out new Heps of fly
PegaJuS) and greet the Nymphs and nine Sifters with t

theirnever yet difcovered and American habitation. T

Vulcan or mountain is not fopleafing to the light ( wh
height is judged full nine miles unto the top J but
other which ltandeth on the other fide of th« valley 1

po
( ap. XVIÍÍ. of the Weft-Indies. r?7
'
is unpltafirg and more dreadful
to behold
te unto it,

for beauty, ftones and flmts for fruits

an
here are afhes
fruitfulnefs»
/ers,baldnefs for greennefs, barreneéis for
whifperings and fountain murmurs, noiie o*
water
for running
iders and roaring of coafuming metals,
and mighty trees and
uns, flaihings of fire, for tall

Catties of fmoak rifing in height to out dare the

lars,

: and firmament, for tweet and odoiiierous and fragrant

lis, a ftink of fire and brimttone,
which are {till in
on within the bowels of that ever-burning
ftriving
Vulcan. Thus is Guatemala kated in the midftof a
fiery
adife on the one fide, and a Hell on the other,
yet never

hell broke fo loofe as to confume that flouriihing

| this

y. True it is, formerly,

many years ago it opened a wide
uth on the top, and breathed out fuch fiery aflaes as fil-
the houfes ot Guatemala and the Country about,
and
ched all the plants and fruits, and fpued out fuch ftones
I rocks, which had they fallen upon the City, would
it to pieces, but they fell not far from it,
re cruíhed but
day lie about the bottom and fides of it, cauiing
this
oder to thofc that behold them, and taking away admi-
ion from them that admire the force and ftrength of fire
d its power in carrying a weighty bullet from the
mouth
a cannon, whereas here the fire of this mountain hath
t up into the air and tumbled down to the
bottom or
fuch rocks as in bignefs exceed a ieafonable houfe, and
pi not the ftrength of any twenty mules ( as hath
E tried ) have been able to remove. The fire which flaih-
i out of the top of this mountain is fometimes more
d fometimes lefs \ yet while I lived in the City, on a
rtain time for the fpace of three or four days and nights

did fo burn, that my friend Mr, Cabamat confidently a-

mched to me and others, that flanding one night in his
indow he had with the light of that fire read a Letter,
le diftance being above three Engliih
miles. The roar-
igalfo of this monftrous beait is not conftantly alike, but
greater in the Summer time than in the Winter, that

| from Ottober to the end of April, than all the reft of the
T3 y e2,r*
 278 A Éfcfe Survey Chap. X VIU
year * for then it feems, the winds enteiing thofe coi
on work harder than at other time
Cavities fet the fire
andcaufethe mountain to roar and the earth to quak
There was a time three years before my coming to that C
ty, when the inhabitants expected nothing but
utter ruii
and deiku&ion, and durft nor abide within their houfes fi
nine days ( the earth-quakes continuing and
increalir
more and more, but made bowers and arbours in the ma
ket place, placing there their Idol Saints and
Images, efp
dally St. SebaQHan, whom they hoped would deliver thei
from that judgment, and for this purpofe they daily can
ed him through the ftrcets in folcmn and Idolatrous
pn
ceiTion and adoration. But all the while I lived thei
the noife within the mountains, the fmoke and
fMies c
tirewithout, and the Summer earth-quakes were tuch tha
with the ufe and cuftom of them I never feared any
thini
but thought that City the healthieit and pleafanteft place
c
dwelling that ever I came into in all my travel?.
The cli
?nate is very temperate, far exceeding either Mexico c
Gmxaca. Neither are the two fore- named Cities bettc
ftored wich fruits, herbs for falléis, provitlon of
fleih, Bee
Mutton, Veal, Kid, Fowles, Turkies, Rabbets, Quails,
Par
fridges, Pheafants,
and of Indian and Spanifh Wheat, thai
City ; from the South Sea C which lycth in fome pla
is this

ces not above twelve leagues from it and from the River
)
of the South Sea Coait, and from the frefh Lake of
Amatit
Ian and Fetapj, and from another Lake
lying three o
four leagues from Chimaltenango, it is wtll and
plentiful!'
provided for of fiih. But for Beef there is fuch plenty
that it enceeds all parts of America, without except»
as may be known by the Aids which are fent yearly u
Spain from the Country of Guatemala, where they
com-
monly kill their Cartel, more for the gain
of their Hydes 1
Sp^ihm for the good nefs or fa trie Is of fhe flefti, which
though it be not to cbiripjre to our Englijh Beef, yet it i<
good mans meat, and fo cheap, that in my time it was
commonly fold a? thirteen pound anda half for half a Rial.
the k:.ñ coyn there, and as much as three pence here!
Though
lap. XVHL of the Weft-Indies. 279
very great and fpa-
Dugh all about this Country there are
breeding only, even near to
isEfiancia's, or Farms for
that come from Spain,
Golfo Vulce, where the íhips ride
is Guatema-
from Comayagua, St. Salvador zndWcaragua
Eitamia's in the South
[ored j But above all are the great
Coaft or Maifti, where in my time there
was a Grazier
t reckoned up
going in his own Eftancia's and ground,
ty thoufand heads of Beafts,
fmall and great, befides ura-
wild Cattcl,
which are called there Simarranes, or
Mountains,
ich were firayed among the Woods and
not be gathered in with the reft, but were hunted
1 could
daily (hot to death, left
the Blackmoorslikc wild Boars, and
íhould too much increafe and do hurt. My felf chan-
y
[to be prefent at the Fair of the Town
of Vetapa, with
riend named Lope de Chaves, ( who was as
they call there,

>!igado, or charged to provide fleih for ó or 7 Towns

:reabouts; who at one bargain, and of one man, bought
thoufand head of Cattel, great and fmall, paying
one
killings a
th another eighteen Rials, or nine BngHjb

The manner and cuftom of Guatemala for tht betrer pro-

ling both Beef and Mutton for it, and the Country
>wns about, is this. Nine days before Michaelmas^ eve-
day Proclamation is made about the City for an Obliga-
I or one that will be bound to the City and
Country
c competent provifion ot
Fleih- meat, upon forfeiture of
as (hall be
ch a fum of mon? to his Majefty, if he fail,
reed upon between him and the Court, and to the In-
:

Ibitants of the City, if he fail in Beef, he is to

allow in
[utton fo many poundsat the fame rate as he ihouid

ive allowed Beef. Qbligado fail in Mutton, he is

If the
1 allow in Fowl- fleih fo many pounds and at the fame
ite as he was to allow the Mutton
and this wirh con-
',

Jeration of the family, what competent allowance of fleih

¡eat ihallbe judged for a day, or the days that the Obli-
ado Betides this, the Proclamation is made foe
(hall fail.

rhom offers moil to his Majefty for one yeais Obligation.

that Cbmetimes it happciaeth that the eight days ieveral
T4 men
 28o A New Survey Chap. XVll
men comí into the Court,offering more and more, till u
on the ninth day and laft Proclamation, the Office
fetled (or one year upon him that hath
offered mi
unto his Majefiy. Thus muny Butchers are not allowi
but one only Obligado, who alfo is abridged to fo rr
ny pound for fo much mony, fo that if any
other befic
him offer to kill or fell, he may follow an adion and t
Court againft him Thus the Obligado who commonly
:
(
a monied man ) buyer h by the hundred or by
the thoufar
as for the prefent he findeth the expense of
the City, wit
out he be himfelffuch a Grazier, as hath-Cattel enoggh
his own. Though Mutton be not fo plentiful as
Beef, yet there never wants from the Valley
of Mix
Finóla, Petapa, and Amatitlan, and the
Marfh and orb
places. In the Valley forenamed i lived, and was w
acquainted with one Alonfb Capata, who had conftant
going in the Valley four thoufand fbeep. Gumma
therefore is fo well itored with good provilion, plentil
and cheap, that it is hard to find in it a begger-, for wi
half a Pvial the pooreii may buy Beef for a week, and wi
a few Cacao's they may have oread oí Indian Maiz, if
n
ot Spanifh Whett. This City may confiit of about. fi
thoufand families, befides a fuburb of Indians called
Barrio de Sto. Domingo, where may be two hundred fan
ijes more. The befr put of the City is that rthich joyi
eth to the fuburb of Indian/, and is called alfo el Ban
4e Santo Domingo , by realon of the Cloiikr of Saint V
minkl^, which ííandeth Here are the richea an
in it.

betf fhops of the City, with the ben buildings, moft I

the houfes being new, apd (lately, tyre is alfo a dai

Twigiuz, ( as they cal) it J or petty Market, where fon
Indians all the day lit felling Fruits, Herbs, and Cacao, bi
at four in the afternoon, this Market is rilled for
matter of an hour, where the Indian women meet to fc
their Country ílap, f which is dainties to the Criolians
asAtolk, Pinole, fcalded Plantains, butter of the Caca(
puddings made oí Indian Mai*, with a bit of Fowl, c
frefn Park in them, (canned with much red bitin
Chili
 of di* WeiUndies. 28 1
lap. XVIII.
which they call Anacatamales. The trading oí
ile,
by mules it partakes of the beft com-
City is great, for

ities of Me*¿™, <W*c^^ and South-ward

By Sea it hath commerce with
Nicaragua, and Cojla-rica.
the one called la Villa
«, by two Sca.ports and Havens,
the Village of the Trinity, which lyeth
la Trinidad,
and twenty leagues ; and by ano-
uthwardfromit rive
called ti Realejo, which lyeth five or fix and forty
sr
It hath tramque
with Spain by the North
ucs from it.
ift

dulce, lying thteefcore leagues

from if. It
ffrom Golfo
yet for the quantity of it, it.
not fo rich as other Cides,
5ds to none. There were in my time five ( betides ma-
Merchants who were judged worth twenty thou-
r
other
thoufand, fome few
nd Duckats, thirty thoufand, fifty
wealth,
hundred thouiand ) who were judged of equal
id generally reported to be
worth each of them five hun-
firft was Tbamas de Stlieztr,
the
red thoufand Duckats i
high Ju-
Bifcain born, and Alcalde dé Corte, the King?
Officer at Court i the fecond was
Antonio
ice,or chief
that bore often Ofli-
Miniar», a Genoefe born, and one
and had many Tenements and houles,
i in the City,
fpeciallya great and rich Farm for Corn and Wheat in

he Valley of Mtxco. The third was Pedro de Lira, born

the fourth and fifth, Antonio Fernandez,
and
n CafMia,
my
fkolome Nunez, both- Portuguefe, whereof $e
firft in
which
ime departed from Guatemala for fome
seafons
The other four I left there,
lere I muft conceal.
Barrto
hreeofthemlivingatthat end of the City called
ftreet of St. Vominic\, whole
ie Santo Vomingo, or the
excel all the re ft o*
loufes and prefence makes that meet
the City, and their wealth and
trading were enough to

denominate Guatemala a very rich City. The

and
ment of all the Country about,
conujeo, Camay agua, Nicaragua, Cofa
Govern-
of all Honduras, So-
Rica, Vera Paz, Su-

cbutepcques,zná Chiafa, is fubordinate unto the Chancery

for .although every Governor oves
of Guatemala ;

thele feveral Provinces is appointed by the King and

Councel of Spin, yet. when they come to thole
parts
 lit A New Survey Chap. XVII]
parts to the enjoyment of their charge
and execution of the:
office, then their actions, if unjuír, are
weighed, judec<
cenfured, and condemned by the Court
refidine in th
City. This Court of Chancery confifteth of
a Prefiden
fix Judges, one Kings Attorny, and two chief
Juftices c
Court. The Prefident though he have not the name
an
title of Viceroy, as they of Mexico and Peru, yet
his pow
er is as great and abfolute as theirs. His Penfion fror
the King isbut twelve thoufand Duckats a year,
but be
lides this, if he be covetous, he makes by
bribes and tra
ding twice as much more, nay what he lift
j as was feci
in the Countde la Gomera, Prefident of that City and
Chan
eery for the fpace cf fourteen years, who
departed m ol<
age from Guatemala to Canaria ( where was his
houfe an<
place of birth ) worth Miliions of Duckats.
After hin
fucceeded Von Juan de Guzman, formerly
Prefident o
Sá/ito'I>omlngó3 whdlorín% his Wife and Lady
in the way
loftalfo his formé* fpirit and courage,
betaking himfel
wholly to his devotions, contemning wealth and
riche
governing with iove and mildnefs, which made
the reí
of the Judges, who were all for lucre, foon weary him
oui
of his office, continuing in it but five years. His
fuccef-
for (whom I left when I came away ) was Von Gon>
there
falo de Paz y Lor encana, who was promoted fiom the
re-I

sidency of Panama to that place, and came into it

with
luch a fpirit ofcovetoufnefs as the like had not
been feen
in any former Piefident. He forbad all gaming in
private
Sioufes in the City, which there is much ufed
( though by
women not fo much as in Mexico ) not for that he
hated
it,butbecaufe he envied others, what they got and gain-
ed by their Cards, drawing to himfelf thereby all
that
gain, fpending fomctimes in one night four and
twen-
ty pair of Cards, appointing a Page to a flirt at the
Ta-
bles,and to fee the box well paid for every pair of Cards
which for his, and his Court refpeel, was feldom lefs
than a crown or two for every pair. Thus did he lick
up with his Cards moil of the gameiters gains, and
tvould grudge and pick quarrels with fuch rich men
whom
lap. XVIII. of íkWeíUndies. 283
gaming, they frequented
3 m he knew to afTecl: tf

: his Court at night time for that bewitching Recrea-

rhe Penfion which the King alloweth to every Judge

Chancery is four thoufand Duckats yearly, and three
.ufand to his Attorney, all
which is paid out of the
»gs Exchequer abiding in that
City. Yet what befides
get by bribes, and trading is fo much,
that I have
y
ird a Judge himfelf Von Luis de las Infantas^ fay, that
lU gh a Judges place at
Mexico and Lima be more honoujr-
e, yet none more
profitable than Guatemala. In my time

refuehcaufes at Chancery tried, as had never been, of

irthers, robberies, and oppreffions,
and whereas it was,
peded the offenders fome ihould be hanged, fome ba-
iled, fomc imprifoned, fome
by fines impoveriihed, bribes
1 never knew one hanged in that City
>k ali off, fo that
: thefpace of above eight years. The Churches though
zy be not fo fair and rich as thofe
of Mexico^ yet they are
place wealthy enough. There is but one Pariili
r that
chief Mat-
lurch and a Cathedral which ftan4eth in the
t place: Ml the other
Churchts belonging to Cloifters,
lich are of Dominicans, Francifcans,
Mercenarians, Au-

iftines, and Jefuits, and two of

Nuns, called the Con-
ption and S. Catharine. The Dominicans, Francifcans,
and
ercenarians, are (lately Cloiüeis, containing near a hun-
ed Fryers apiece i but above all is the CloiPter where Í
in a great
red, of the Dominicans, to which is joyntd,
alk before the Church, the Univerilty of the City. The
:arly revenues which come into this Cloiiter, what from
le Indian Towns belonging to it,
what from a water-mill,
hat from a farm for Com, what from an Ellancia, or
,rm for Horfes and Mules, what from an Ingenio, or farm
FSugar, what from a Mine of filver given unto it the year

63 judged to be ( excepting all charges ) at lealt thir-

3. are
1 thoufand duckats wherewith fhofe fat Fryers featt
•,

lemfelves, and have to fpare to build, and enrich their

Miurch and Altars. Befides much txeafnie belonging to itj
here are two things in if, which the Spaniards m merri-
ment
 284 A New Survey Chap. XVlH
ment would often tell me that the Engliih Nation die
much enquire after, when
they took any (hip of theirs a
Sea, and that they feared I was come to fpie them, whicr
were a Lamp of iiiver hanging before the high Altar, f(
big as required the ftrength of three men to hale it ui
with a rope i but the other is of more value; which is j
pidure of the Virgin Mary of pure iiiver, a'nd of th<
iiature of a reafonable tall Woman, which ftandeth ins
Tabernacle made on parpofeina Chappel of theRofary
with at leaft a dozen lamps of filver alio burning befon
it, A hundred thouiand duckats might foon be made up
of the treafure belonging to that Church and Cloifter,
Within the walls of the Cloilkr there is nothing wanting
which may further pleafure and recreation. In the lowei
Cloillcr there is a fpacious Garden, in the midft whereof
is a fountain carting up the water, and fpoutingit oyt
of at lean a dozen pipes, which fill two ponds full of hihes,
and with this their conilant running give mufick to the
whole Cloirter, and encouragement to many water-fowls
and Ducks to bath and wafli themfelves therein. Yet fur-
ther within the Cloillcr, there are other two gardens for
Frui and Herbage, and in the one a pond of a quar-
s

ter or" a mile long, all paved at the bottom, and a low
ftone wall about, where is a IjSoat for the Fryers recrea-
tion,who often go thither to fifth, and do fometimes
upon a fudden want or occafion take out from thence as
much fiih as will give to the whole Cloiiter a dinner.
The other Cloifiers of the Ciry are alfo rich> but next to*
the Dominicans is the Cloifter of Nuns, called the Con-
ception, in which at my time there were judged to live a
thoufand women, not all Nuns, but their ferving maids
or ilavcs, and young childicn which were brought up
and raught to work by the Nuns. The Nuns that are
profdfed bring vyith them their portions, rive hundred
Duckats at kali, iome fix hundied, fome feven, and fomc
a thouiand, which portions after a few years ( and continu-
ing to the Cloilkr after the Nuns deceafe; come to make
up a gr< at yearly rent. They that will have maids within
to
hap. XVIIL of the Weft-Indies. 285
bigger portion or al-
wait on them may, bringing the
In this Closer li-
wins yearly for their (ervants diet.
Slaldonado, Judge Juan Maldona-
dthat Voma Juana de
much con-
de Taz his Daughter, whom the Bifhop io
and beautiful, and not
rkd withal. She was very fair

uch above twenty years oí age, and yet his love blind-
time againit all the
e him he ftrove what he could in my
and to make her Supeiiow and Ab-
lient Nuns Sifters,
mutiny and rife in that Cloifter,
>fs,and caufedfuch a ft

'hichwasveryfcandalousto the whole City, and

made
and Gentlemen run to the Cloiiter
uny fiert Merchants
rich their fwords drawn,
thrcatning to break in among!

1 Nuns todefend their daughters againft the powerful

tor Venn* Jmrns
läion which the Biihop had wrought
which they had performed, if the Prciidcnt
I Maldonado :

hid not fent Juan Maldonado de

)on Juan de Guzman
father, to intreat her to defift in re-
fe,the young Nuns
gard of her young age from
her ambitious thoughts of be-
both within and with-
ne Abbefs. With this the mutiny
Biihop got but flwrnc, and his young Si-
mteeafed,the
before, under command and
obedience to
frer continued as

1 more religious, grave, and aged Nun than her lelr. 1 bis
Paz, was the wonder of all
Donna Juana d* Maldmadoy
voice,
Cloifter, yea of all the City for her excellent
that
yie d«d
and skill in mufick, and in carriage and education
wdfpoken,
to none abroad nor within vibe was witty,
Calliope or Mufe for ingenious and fudden
and above all a
fo much moved him to
verles i which the Biihop
Paid,

company and convention Her father

delight in her
too much for her i and
thought nothing too good, nor
children,he dayly conteired up.
therefore having no other
a Nun as rich and
on her riches, as might beft befeem
faced with gold and Ulver, pi&ures and I-
coftly Cabinets
dolsfor her chamber, with crowns
and ywte
to adorn

prefents from the Biihop ( who

them; which with other
to pay his debts, tor
dvine in my time left not wherewith
and given all
that as thereport went, he hadijpem himfelf
made 1>mm Juma di Maiden*-
unto his Nun ) this
CiO
 %%6 A New Survey Chap. XVlI
do Co rich and ftarely, that at her own charges (he built ft
her felfa new quarter within the Cloiiter with rooms an
galleries, and a private garden walk, and kept at work an
to wait on her half a dozen Black-more maids i but aboi
placed her delight in a private Chappel or Clofi
all flie

to pray in, being hung with rich hangings, and round i

bout it coitly lamina's ( as they call them )or pictures pair
ted upon brais fet in blackEbony frames with corners c
gold, fome of filver brought her from Rome ; her Alta
was accordingly decked with Jewels, Candlefticks, Crown
Lamps, and covered with a Canopy embroidered wit
gold i in her Clofet flie had herfmall Organ, and man
forts of muíical inirruments, whereupon fhe played fome
times by her felf, fometimes with her beft fiiends of th

Nuns and j here efpecially (he entertained with mufick he

beloved Biíhop. Her Chappel or place of devotioi
was credibly reported about the City to be worth at leaf
fix thoufands crowns which was enough for a Nun tha
had vowed and obedience. But all thi
chaitity, poverty,
after here deceafe (he was to leave to the Cloifter i anc
doubtlefs with this State, and riches (he would win mow
and more the hearts of the common fort of Nuns, til
fhe had made a fhrong party, which by this may have made
her Abbefs. This is ambition and defire of command and
power crept into the walls of Nunneries, like the abomi-
nations in the wall of Ezekiel, and hath poffefled the hearts
óf Nuns, which ftiould be humble, poor, and mortified
Virgins.
But befides this cne Nun, there are more, and alfo Fry-
ers, who are very rich, for if the City be rich ("as is this )
and great trading in it, they will be fure to have a iliare.
HI Great plenty and wealth hath made the inhabitants as
proud and vicious, as are thofe of Mexico*. Here is not
only (idolatry, but Fornication and Undeanncfs is publick
asín anyplace of the India's: The Mulatto's^ hi \; mores, '

Mtfizas, Indians, and all common fort, oí >.ople ar^ much'

{

made on by greater and richer fort, and go ^ gallant-

ly apparclkd as do thoie or Mexico, fearing neither a
Vul-
Ihap. XVIIL of the Weft-Indies. 287
ulcan or mountain of wafer on the one fide,
which they
river executing
mfefs hath once poured out a flood and
ods wrath againftfin there committed ; neither Vulcan
a

"fire, or mouth of hell on the

other fide, roaring within
id threatning (o rain upon them
Sodoms ruine and de-
motion ; neither the weaknefs of their habitation, lying
ide open on every fide, without walls,
or works, or bul-

-arks, to defend them, cr without

guns, drakes, bullets,

r any Ammunition
to fcare away any approaching enemy,
»ho may fafely come and without refinance upon them whp
ve as profeííed This is the City
enemies of Jefus Chrift.
f St.James or Santjago de Guatemala, the head of a vaft
it felf nine hun-
nd ample Dominion, which extendeth
red miles to Nicoya and Cofta Rica South-ward i
three

undred miles taChiapa and toques North- ward a hun- •,

red and fourfcoore miles to the further parts of

Vera

*az, and the Golfo duke Eaft -ward and to the

-> South-
la 'twenty or thirty, in fome places forty miles Weft-
rard.
From fepoantepeque ( which is no harbour for any great
hips ) which ftandeth from Guatemala at leaft four hun-
Ired miles, there is no landing place for ihips nearer to this
3ity thanis the Village de la Trinidad, or of the Trinity,

rhe chief commodities which from along that coaft are

nought to Guatemala, are from the Provinces of Socomuz-
I and Suchutepeques, which are extream hot, and fubjeci
to thunder and lightning, where
groweth fcarce any re-
markable commodity, fave only Cacao, Acbioite, Mecafu-
chil,BamiUar, and other drugs for Chocolatte, except it be
fome Indigo and Cocbinil about St. Antonio which is the
chief and head Town of all the Suchntspeques. But all the
coaft neerjoyning to Guatemala, dpechUy about a Town
called Izquinta, or Izquinnpeque, twelve leagues from
Guatemala, is abfolutely the richeft part of the Dominion
of this City* for there is made the greateft part of the
Indigowhich is fent from Honduras to Spain i befides the:
mighty farms of Cattei which are along that marftv
Though the living there be profitable, and the foil rich,
yet
 *88 A New Survey Chap. XVL
yet it is uncomfortable by reafon of the great hear, rhu
¿rings and lightnings, efpeciallv from May to Mkhaelm
If Guatemala befirong( though not in Weapons or At
munition J in people, it is itrong from hence from ad
fperate fort of Blackamoors who are flavesin thofe Efta
cia's and farms oí Indigo. Though they have no weapo
but a Machette, which is a fhort Tuck, or lances to run
the wild Catttl, yet with thefe they are fo defperate, th
the City of Guatemala hath often been afraid of them, ar
the Matters of their own flaves and fervants. Some of thei
fear not to encounter a Bull though wild and mad, and i

grapple in the rivers ( which are many there ) with Croo

dues, or Cagarto's, as there they call them, till they hat
overmafiered them, and brought them out to land froi
the water.
This hot, but rich Country runs on by the Sea fide ur
to the Village of Trinity, which ( though fomewha
dangerous ) >et is a Haven for «Ships from Panama, Pen
and Mexico i to enrich Guatemala, but not t
It ferves

ilrengthen it, hath neither Fort, nor Bulwark, no

for it

Caftle, nor any Ammunition to defend itielf. Between th

Village and the other Haven called Realejo, there is a grea
Creek from the Sea> where fmall veífels do ufe tocom<
in for frtfh water and Victuals to St. Miguel, a Towno!
Spaniards and Indians, from whence thofe that travel tc
Realejo pafs over in lefs than a day, to a Town of Indiam
called la Vieja^ two miles from Realejo, whither the jour«
ney by knd from St. Miguel, is of at leaft three days. Bul
neither this Creek or Arm of the Sea is fortified ( which
might be done with one or two pieces of Ordinance at
moll placed at the mouth of the feas entrance ) neithei
is the Realejo ürong with any Ammunition, no nor with

people, for it coniitts not of above two hundred families,

and tiioft of them are Indians and Mejiizo's, a people
of no courage, and very untir to deiend fuch an open
paiTage to Guatemala, and Nicaragua, which here begins
and continues in fmall and petty Indian Towns unto Leon
and Granada.
* On
 *

hap, XVIII. of the Weft-Indies. 2 89

On the North fide oí Guatemala, I (hall not need tozad
what hath been faid of Sucbctepeques and Sucomizco, and
-
journey that way from Mexico and Cbiapa, The chiefs
tie
t oí Guatemala is that on the Eaft, which points out
iy to the Gulf, or Golfo dulce, or as others calí it Sf. Tbo~
t de CajlUia. This way is more beaten by mules and
avellers, than that on the North fide, for that Mexico
ndeth three hundred leagues from this City, and the.
tlf but 6o, and here are no
fuch paiTages as are in feme
ees in the Road fo Mexico. Betides the great trading^

nmcrce, and traffique, which this City enjoyethby that

ilf from Spain, hath made that Road exceed all the
t. In July, or at fartheft in the beginning of Augu\l
ne into that Gulf three (hips, or two and arngat, and
in Bodegas or
lade what they have brought from Spain
:at Lodges, bu:!t on purpofe
to keep dry and from the

:ather the commodities. They prefently make haft to

e again from Guatemala thofc Merchants
commodities
return, which peradventurc have lain waiting for them
the Bodegas two or three months, before the (hips ar-
al. So that thefe three months oí July, Auguji ami
Member, there is iure to be found a great tieafure. And
the fimplicity or ftcurhy of the Spaniards, who appoint
other watch Over thefe their riches, fave only one or
ó Indians and as many Mulattos, who commonly are

¡has have for their mifdemeanouss been condemned to

ein that old and ruinated Cafile of St. Thomas de Cafii-
ITrue it is, above it there isa little and ragged Town
Indians, called St. Pedro, con fitting of feme
thirty fami-

s, who by reafon of the

exceeding heat, and unheaithi-
fs of the air, are always fickly
and fcarce able to (land
on their legs. But the weaknefs of this Gulf within
ight well be remedied and fupplyed at the
mouth oí
e Sea, oí entrance into it by one or
two at the moft
iod piecesof Ordnance placed there. For the entrance
to Gulf is but as one (hould come in at the
this
mt of fome great Palace, where although the doer and
itrance be fcanow, the houfe within is wide
and capa»
Ü «os 8
¿jro A. New Survey Chap. XVIH
ciou^ Such is wbofe entrance is ftraitned wit
this Gulf,
t*o Rocks or Mountains on each tide ( which would
we
become two great pieces, and fofcorn a whole Fleet,
an
fecuré íhe Kingdom of Guatemala, nay molt of all America
but here king no watch nor defence, the fhips come free
¡y and fafely in (as have done fome both Engli/h and Rollan
Ships ) and being entied find a road and harbour
fo wid
and capacious as may well fecure a thoufand {hips
thci
riding at anchor, without any thought of fear
from S
Pedr*, or Santo Thomas de Caflilia. I have often hear
the Spaniards jear and laugh at the Engli(h and
Hollander
tor that they having come into this Gulf,
have gone a
way without attempting any thing further upon the lane
Nay while! lived there, the Hollanders fet upon Truxili
the head Port oí Comayagua and Honduras, and
took ii
( though there were forae refinance
) the people for the moi
part Hying to the «bods, fruiting more to
their feet tha
to their hands and' weapons
( fuch cowards is all tha
Country full of ) and whilft they might have fortified
therr
Lives there, and gone into the Country, or
fortifying tha
have come on to the Gulf (all Guatemala fearing
it muc
and not being able to refiftthem j they left Trúxilh, con
tenting them fdves with a fmall pillage, and gave occafio
to the Spaniards to «Joyce, and to make proceffions c
Thankfgivingfor their iafe deliverance out of their enemit
hands.
The way from Gulf to Guatemala is not fo bad a
this
fome report and conceive, efpccially after
Michaelmas un
til May, when the winter and rain is part and
gone an.
the winds begin to dry up the ways.
For in the word c
the year Mules Haden with four hundred
weight at leal
go ea%
through the fteepeft, deepeft, and moil
dangerou
paiTages of the Mountains that lie about
this Gulf. An<
though the ways are at that time of the year
bad, yet the
are fo beaten- with the Mules, and
fo wide and open
that one b^d Üep and paiTage may
be avoided for a bet
ter and the worit of this way continues
i
but i y league
there being Rancho's or Lodges in
the way, Cartel anc
Mulé
 1

:hap. XVIIÍ. of the Weft-Indies; 29

fules alfó among the
Woods and Mountains, fcr relief

id comfort to a weary Traveller. What the Spaniards

fear until they come out oí"thefe Mountains, are feme

10ft

voor three hundred Blackrnoors, Simarrynes, who

for too

luch hard ufsge, have fled away

from Guatemala and o-
icr parts from their
Matters unto ttaíe woods, and

lere live and bring up their children and increafe daily,

that alt the power of Guatemala, nay all the Country

>

is not able to bring

bout (having often attempted it)
íem under fubje&ion. Thefe often come out to the road
ray, and fet upon the Requa's of Males,
and take of Wine,
:on, Clothing and Weapons from them as much as^
iey' need, without doing any harm
unto the people, or
aves that go with the Mules i -but rather thefe rejoyce
rith them, being of one colour, and fubje¿t to flavery
nd mifery which the others have ihaken oil \ by
whofe
sample and encouragement many of thefe ihake of their
liberty, though it be
úfery, and joyn with them to enjoy
ut in the Woods and Mountains. Their
Weapons are bows
nd arrows which they ufe and carry about them, only to
tfend themfelves, if the Spaniards fet upon them i
elfe

iey ufe them not againft the Spaniards,

who travel qui-
ily and give them part of what
provifion they cany.
their flying to
fhefe have often faid that the chief caufe of
hofe mountains is to be in a readinefs to
joyn with the E«-

lijh and Hollanders, if ever they

land in the Gulf i for they

now, from them they may enjoy that liberty which the Spa-

\iards will never grant unto them. After the firft 1

5 leagues

le way is better, and there are little Towns and Vil-

ages oí Indians, who relieve with proriiion both man and
>eaft, Fifteen leagues further is
a great Town of Indians^ cal-

ed Acafabajílan, ftanding upon a fiver,

which for hih is held
he ben in all that Country. Though there are many forts,

fet above all one which they call Bobo, a thick

there is

ound fiih as long or longer than a mans arm, with only %

niddle bone as white as milk, as fat as butter,
and good to
iff- fry, ftew or bake, There is alfo from hence moll of
the'w'a* to Guatemala in brooks and
(hallow rivers, ene of
'
V 2 the
 tyt A New Survey Chap. XVII
the befi fori of fiihes in the world,
which the Spanian
judge to be a kind of Trout, it is called there
Tepcmecbi
the fat whereof refembles veal more than fiOi.
This Town of Acacabajilan is governed by a Spaniai
who is called Corrigidor * his power extendeth no tu
ther than to the Gulf, and to thofe Towns
the wa in
This Governour bath often attempted to bring
fa tho
Simarrones from the Mountains, but could
never preva
againft them. All the itrcngth of this place may be fotr
twenty Muskets ( for fo many Spanifb houfes there ma
be in the Town ) and fome few Indians that ufe bows an
arrows, for the defence of the Town againft the Blacks
Simarrones.
About Acacabajilan, there are many Eftancia's of Cam
and Mules, much Cacao, Achiotte, and drugs
for Choce
lane-, There is alfo Apothecary drugs,
as ZatzapanlU
and Canna fijlttla, and in the Town s much
a variety (
fruits and gardens, as in any one
Indian Town in th
Country But above all Acacabajilan is far known,
•,

an
much etfeemed of in the City of Guatemala, for
excellen
Musk-melons, fome fmal!, fome bigger than a
mans heac
wherewith the Indians load their mules and
carrv then
to fell all over the Country. From
hence to Guatemala
there are but thirty ihort leagues, and
though fome hil¡
there be afcents and decerns, yet nothing
troublefom t<
man or beaft. Among mountains there have bed
thefe
difcovered iome mines of metal, which
the Spaniards hav
begun to dig and hnding that they have
been fome o
Copper, and fome ofli on, they have let
them alone, iud*
mg them more chargeable than profitable. But ercatti
profit have the Spaniards loft, than
of Iron and Copper,
tor ulmg the poor Indians too
hardly, and
way, from Acacabajilan to Guatemala,
that m lS
efpecially about a
place called, el Ague Caliente the hot
water, where is a
River, out of which in fome places
formerly the Indians
found fuch flore of gold, that they were charged
by the Spa,
mards witha yearly tribute of gold. But the
Spaniards be
tnglike Valdivia in Chille, Coo greedy after it, murdering
che
 m
¡hap. XVIIL of the Weft-ladies. 29}
: Indians for not difcovcring to them whereabout this

:afure lay, have both treafure and Indians alfo. Yet

loft

to this day fearch is made about the Mountains, the Ri-

r, aiv4 the fands for the hidden
freafure which peradven-

re by O&ds^ order and appointment, doth and íhall lie

1, and be keptlonr-people better

knowing and honour-
5 their God. At this ^ace called el Ague Caliente, ot
z hot watfr, Hveth a Busckmore in an Eftancia of his
;n, who is held to be vety rich, and gives good enter-
nment to the Travellers tha\ pafs that way ; he is rich in
ittel,Sheep, and Goats, andÜora his Farm flores Guate.
ila and the people thereabout with the beft checfe of all

at Country. But his riches arc thought not fo much to in-

:afe from his Farm and chtefes, but from this hidden trea»
re, which credibly is reported to be known unto him.
: hath been queftioned about it in the Chancery of Gua-
ríala, but hath denyed often any fuch treafure to be known

ito him. The jealoulie and fufpicion of him, is, for that
rmerly having been a flav^, he bought his freedom with
eat fums of mony, and fmce he hath been free hath
lught that farm and much land lying to it, and hath e±~
ediogfy increafed his ftock i To which he anfwereth s
at when he was young and a (lave, he had a good Mafter9
ho let him get for himfelf what he could, and that he
aying the good husband, gathered as much as would buy
s liberty, and at firft a little houfe to live in, to the which

od hath fince given a bleiling with a greater increaie of

ock. From this hot water ihree or four leagues, there is
lother River called, Rio de las Vaccas^ or the River of
;w/, where are a company of poor and Country people
oft of them Meftizo's, and Mulatto's, who live in thatched
)ufes, with fome fmall ftock of Cattel, fpendlog theic
meaifo in fearching for fands of Gold, hoping that one
ly by their diligent fearch they and their children^
id all their Country (hall be enriched, and that Rio d§
I Vateas, fhill parallel Paäolns, and ftir up the wits
t Poets to fpeak of it as much as ever they have fpoké
f
that» Vtom this P>iver is prefently difcovered the
U| ,
pkafant*
2p4 A New Survey Chap. XVIII
pleafanteft Valley in all that Country, ( where my
felf di
live at leaft five years ) called the Valley of Mixco, and P¡
ñola, lying fixleagues from Guatemala, being fifteen mik
in length, and ten or twelve in breadth*, Out of the in
clofures this Valley is ftoied with iheep, the ground ir
clofed is divided into many Farms, where groweth bettf
wheat than any in the Country of Mexico. From this Va!
ley the Citywell provided of wheat, and Bifket is
is mad
for the (hips that come every year unto the Gulf. It i

called the Valley of Mixco and from two Towr

Piriola^

of Indians, fo called, (landing oppofite the one to the c

ther on each fide of the Valley, Vínola on the left lide frot
K¿0 de las Vaccas, and Mixco on the right. Here do \\v
many rich Farmers, but yet Country and clowniih peopl
who know more of breaking clods of earth, thin of ma
naging Arms ofFenfive or defenfive. But among them
muit not forget one friend of mine, called Juan Palomequ
whom I fhould have moreefteemed of than Í did, if I coul
have prevailed with him to have made him live more lik
a man than a heart, more like a free man than a bond flav
to his Cold and Silver. This roan had in my time thre
hundred lufty mules trained up in the way of the Gull
which he divided into fix Requa's or companies i and fc
them he kept above a hundred Blackamoor (laves, men, wo
men and children who lived near Mixco in feveral thatch'
Coitages. The houfe he lived in himfelf was but a poc
thatched houfe, wherein he took more delight to live tha
in other houfes which he had in Guatemala, for there h
lived like a wild Simarron among his flaves and Blackamoor:
whereas in the City he ihould have lived civilly i there h
lived with milk, curds, and black, hard, and mouldy bis
fcet, and with dry tafo jo, which is dry faked beef cut ou

in thin flices and dryed in the fun and wind, till there b
little fubfiance left in it, fuch as his flives were wont t

carry to the Gulf for their provifion by the way, whereas i

he had lived in the City, he muft have eat for his credi
what others of worth did ear. But the mifer knew well
which was the bell way to fave, and fochofe a field far
City,
hap. XVIIL of the Weft-Indies. 295
¡ty, a cottage for a houfe, a
company of Simarrotm and
ack-moars for Citizens, and yet he was thought to be
)r th hundred thoufand
fix duckats. He was the undoer
all othersdealed with Mules for bringing and car-
who
ing commodities to the Gulf for the
Merchants i for he
lufty mules, lufty flaves, would fet the price
or rate
ving
others at
:the hundred weight fo, as he might get, but
rate hiring Indians and fervants to go with their
Mules,
at

ight lofe. He was fo cruel to his Blacks-moors, that if a-

'

were untoward, he would torment them almoft to

ath; amongft whom he had one (lave called Macaco
:
or whom 1 have often interceded, but to little purpofe )
horn he would often hang up by ihe arms, and whip him
1 the bloud ran about his back, and then his flefti king
in, mangled, and ali in a gore blood, he would for laft
ire pour boiling greafe upon it» he had marked him for
flave with burning irons upon his face, his hands, his
ms, his back, his belly, his thighs, his legs, that the poor
ive was weary of life, and Í think would two or three
mes have hanged himfelf, if I had not counfelled him
i the contrary. He was fo fenfual and carnal that he
'ould ufe his own flaves wives at his pleafure^ nay when
c met in the City any of that kind handfome,
and to his
king, if ihe would not yield to his defise, he would go to
er ma iter or miftrefs, and buy her, offering far mire
than
le was worth, boafting that he would pull down her
roud and haughty looks, with one years flavery under
im. He killed in my time two Indians in the way to

be Gulf, and with his mony came of?, as if he had killed

It a dog. He would never marry, qeciufe his flaves
upplyed the bed of a wife, and none of his neighbour
lurft fay him nay whereby he hatted to fill that valley
-,

vith biftards of all forts and colours, by whom, when

hat rich mifer dicth, all his wealth and treafure is like to
>e confumed.
Befides the two Towns which denominate this valley,

:hereftandeth at the Eaft end of it clofe by the Rio de hs

facets an Ermitage,. called, ÍJoftraSeriwra del Carmel, oí
4 V our
 2?á A New Survey Chap. XVHl
our Lady of Carmel, which is the Pariih-Church
toallthol
fiver ¿1 firms of Spaniards living
in the valley; thoug
truc ir is, moft conftanfly they do
»elort unto the Indi
Towns- to Mag, and Mixco efpcciaHv, the Spanian
in
have a rich todality of our Lady of the Rofary,
and tt]
Blackamoors another. In all the valley there may be b<
twetn forty and fifty Spanijh farms or houfes
belonging t
the Krrmtage, and in all thefe houfes,
fome three hur
drtd flaves, men and women, Blackpoors
and Mulatto
Mixco is a Town of three hundred families, but
in it nc
thing conliderable, but the riches belonging
unto the tw
foicnamtd Sodalities, and fome rich Indians, who
hav
learned of the Spaniards ro break clods of earth,
and to fot
wheat, and to trafique with Mules unto
the Gulf. Be
fides what fowls and great Itore of
Turkies which inthi
Town are bred, there is a conftant (laughter houfe,whei
meat is fold to the Indians within, and to the farms with
out, and provihoa is made for all the Requa's and
flavt
that go to the Gulf with their Mafters Mules. Beiides th
fix Requa's before named of Juan Vdomeqne, there
are ii

this Valley four brothers, named,

Don Gafpar, Von Vim
Von Thomas, Von Juan de Colindres, who have
each c
them Réqua of threefcore Mules (though few flaves, an<
a
only hired Indians to go with them to
) traffique to the Gull
and over all the Country as far as Mexico lometimes.
Ye
befides thefe there ire fome fix more
Requa's belongini
to other farrrs, which with thofe of
the Town of Mix
ft may make up twenty Requa's i and thofe twent/
fell
Requa's contain above a thouiand Mules, which
onl<
from this Valley are imploycd to all parts of the
Coun
fry by t lie rich. Merchants of Guatemala.
But to retun
again to the Town of Mixco, the conftant
paiTage througt
it of thefe Requa's, of rich Merchants, of ail
pallen-
gersthat go and come f<om Spain, hath made
it ven
nch ; whereas in the Town it felf there is no othei
commodity, except it be a kind of earth, whereof art
made rare and excellent pots for water, pans, pipkins,
flatters, diihes, crufing-diihe?, warming-pans ¿ wherein
thofe
tap. XVIIL of the WeiWndies. 297
fe Indians (hew muchand paint them with
wit,

white, and feveral mingled colours,

and fell them to
témala, and the Towns about, which
fome Criolian
by mouth-fuls, endangering their
men will eat full

^h and lives, fo that by this, earthen ware they may

look

and pale. The Town of finóla in bignels is much

"Je
LwHo Mix», but a far pleafanter Town, more healthy
plain, whereas Uix&f
d better katfd, (landing upon a
nds on the fide oí a hill, which
carryeththe Travellers

lie out of fight of the

valley. In Pinola there is alfoa
ughter houfe, whtr¿ Beef is daily fold, there is plenty of

v!s, fruits, mail, wheat, ( though

not altogether fo bright
chat of Minea ) hony, and the beft water thereabout Ut is
lied in the Indian tongue Panac, ( fome fay ) from a fruit
that name which is very abundant there.
On the North
South fide of this valley are hills, which arc moft
fown
,d

ith wheat, which proveth better than in the low valley,

t the wcti end of it, ftand two greater Towns than MUtco
id Pinola, named and Amatitlan, to the which
Petapa,
fome defcents and afcents»
lereare in the midii of the valley
-hich they call Baranca's or bottoms, where
are pleafane

reams and fountains, and good feeding for iheep, and

iattel.
Town cf at leaft five
,,1.
hundred inhabitants
Petapa is a
ery rich, who fuflfcr alio fome Spaniards to dwell a-
r.ongft them, from whom alfa thofe Indians have learned
I live and thrive in the world. This Town is the pailage
rom Comayagtu, St. Salvador, Nicaragua, and Cofia Rica,
md hath got great wealth by the conftant goers and
It is eiieemtdons of the pleafanteft Towns
:omers.
be-

onging unto Guatemala, for a great Lake of frefti water

ter unto it, which is full of fiíh, efpecially Crabs, and
i ñíh calle J Mojarra, which is much like unto a Mullet

[ though not altogether fo big ) and eateth like it. In

this Town there is a certain number of hdians
appointed,
who are to fid for the City, and on VVednefdays, Fry-
days and Saturdays, are bound to carry fuch a quantity
to Guatemala of Crabs and Mojarras as the Corrigidor
"
and
 298 A New Survey Chap. XVll
and Regidores, Mayor and Aldermen who are
( but eishi
ihall command weekly to be brought.
This Town Pet apa is fo called from two Indian
word
Petap, which fignifieth a Mat, and ha,
which fignifiei
water, and a Mat being the chief part
of an Indi*
bed, it is as much as to fay a bed of
water, fromtf
imoothnefs, plainnefs, and calmnefs of the
water of tl
Lake. There liveth in it a principal family
of India»
who are faid to defcend from the ancient Kings of thoi
parts, and now by the Spaniards are graced
name oí Guzman h out of
with rhe m
ble this family
chofen one t
is
be Governour of the Town with fubordination unto
tr.

City and Chancery of Guatemala. Don Barnabe de

Guzma
was Governour in my time, and had been many years
be
fore, and governed very wifely and difcreetly,
till wit
old age he came to lofe his fight i and in his
place en
tred his fon Don Pedor de Guzman, of whom the reft of th
Indians flood in great awe, as formerly they had to his
Fa
rher. Had not thefe Indians been given to drunkennef
( as moft Indians ate J they might have governed a Towi
of Spaniards, This Governour hath many priviledges gran
ttd unto him ( though none to wear a fword, or
rapier
as may the Governour of Chiapa of the Indians
) anc
appoints by turns fome of the Town to wait and attenc
on him at dinner and fupper, others to look to his Hor-
fes, others to fiih for him, others to bring him wood
for his houfefpending, others to bring him meat for hii
Horfes and yet after all this his attendance, he attends
•>

and waits on the Fryer that lives in the Town, and doth
nothing concerning the governing of the Town and ex-
ecuting of juftice, but what the Fryer alloweth
and ad-
vifeth to bs done. There is alfo great ferviae appointed
for this Fryer, of Fiiliermen, and orher attendants in
his
fhoufe, who liveth as (lately as any B¡íhop. Moft trades
belonging to a well fetled Common- wealth, are here ex-
ereifed by thefe Indians. As for herbage, and garden-fruits
and requifites, it hath whatfoever maybe found or defired
in the City of Guatemala. The Church treafure is very
great
ap~. XVIIL of ifo WeftJndies. 299
t there being
many Sodalities of our Lady and other
r Saints, which are enriched with crown?, and chains,
cenfors, and fílver candle-
bracelets, befidesthe lamps,
's belonging unto the Altars. Upon Michaelmas clay
of the Town, which is dedicated
e chief fair and feail
Michael, whither many Merchants reíortfrom Gua-
) S
afternoon, and the next
da to buy and fell i in the
following, Bull baiting is the
common fport for that
with iomc Spaniards and Blasmares on Horfe-back,
r
who commonly being drunk,
other Indians on foot,
lofe their lives in the fporr. Befides
ie venturesome
year at that time,
¡general concourfe of people every
te is every day at five
a clock in the afternoon a Tian-

:z or Market, upfeeld by the concourfe of the Indians

theTown among themfeWes. Befidss the lake, there run-

is eafily wa-
hby this Town a river, which in fome places
planta-
1 and waters the fruits, gardens, and other
over,
a mill which ferves moil of the valley to
ns and drives
ind their wheat. Within a mile
and a half of this Town
>re is a rich Ingenio or
farm of Sugar belonging to one
hafHa» de Savaktta, a Bifcainhom,
who came at fitft
ferved one of his Coun-
ry poor into that Country, and
/ mens but with his good induftry and pains, he began
get a Mule or two to traffique with
about the Country,

1 at ha he increaied
hisftock to a whole Requa of Mules,
id from thence grew fo rich
that he bought much land

>out Fctapa, which he found to be very tit for Sugar,

build a princely houfe,
id from thence was incour aged to
their recreation.
either the beft oí Guatemala do refortfor
deal of Sugar for the Country,
'his man maketh a great
keepcthat leait
nd fends every year much to Spain \ he
breefcore flaves of his own for the work
of his farm, is
houfe keeping, and is thought to be worth
ery generous in
bove five hundred thoufand Duckats. Within half
a nniie
rom him there is another farm of Sugar, which is called

>ut ¿Trapiche belonging unto the

Auguftin Fryers of Gm-
llaves, and is called a
lemala, which keeps fome twenty
trapiche, for that it grinds not the
Sugar Cane with thai
deviu
 i
oo A New Survey Chap. XVII
device of the Ingenio, but grinds a lefs quantity,
and
makes not fo much Sugar as doth an Ingenio. From
hen
three miles is the Town of Amat'ttlan,
neer unto whi<
ftandcth a greater Ingenio of Sugar, than is
that of Sav
lata, and is called the Ingenio of one Ams
)
becaufe he rli
founded it, but now it belongeth unto one Pedro
Crefo tl
Pofimafter of Guatemala \ this Ingenio fcemeth
to be
little Town by it fell for the many
cottages and rhatchc
houfes of Btackcmoor which belong unto it, who m;
flaves
be above a hundred, men, women, and children.
Tt
chief dwelling houfe is ftrong and capacious,
and able I

entertain a hundred lodgers. Theie three farms of Sug<

(tending fo neer unto Guatemala, enrich the City
much, an
occafion great trading from it to Spain.
The Town c
Amatitlan, though in it there live not fo many
Spanian
as in Petapa, yet there are in more Indian families
it tha
in Petapa. The Greets are more orderly made and fra
mcd like aChequer board, they are wide, board, plair
and all upon duft and fand. This Town alfo enjoyeth
th
commodity of the lake, and furniiheth with hih theCir
of Guatemala, upon thofe days before named of
Petapa
And though itilandethout of the road- way, yet it is al
moft as rich as Petapa. For the Indians of it get
mud
by the concourfe of common people, and the
Gentry o
Guatemala, who refort thither to certain baths of hot
wa-
ters, which judged and approved very wholefom foi
are
the body. This Town alfo getteth much by the fait whicl
here is made, or rather gathered by the lake fide,
which
every morning appeareth like a hoary froft
upon tht
ground, and is taken up and purified by the Indians, and
proves very white and good. Befides what they get
by
the fait, they get alfo by the Requa's of Mules in the
val-
Icy, and about the Country, which are brought to feed
upon that fait earth a day, or half a day, until they be
ready to burft f the owner paying fix pence a day fore-
m.
very Mule ) and it hath been found by exper^nce,that this
makes them thrive and grow lufty, and purgeth them bet-
ter than any drench, or blood-letting.
They have fur-
ther
ap. XVHL of the Weft-Indies. jot
great trading in Cotton- woo!, more abundance oí
s than Petapa, a fairer marketplace with two extraor-
iry great Elm- trees, under which the Indians daily
t ar evening to buy and fell. The Church of this
is as fair and beautiful as any about Guatemala^
the
vn
es and whereof hath caufed the Dominican Fry-
ftate
fince the year ¡635, to make that place the head and
>ry over the other Towns of the valley, and to build
•e a goodly and fumptuous Cloiftcr, in which in my
e thete was ( for I told then moil: of it,
and doubtleis
e it bath much increafed ) eight thoufand Duckats laid
in a cheft, with three locks for the common
expences
he Cloifter. Thus my Rtader,! have led thee through
valley of Afco, and finóla^ Petapa and Amaúüan %
ich in riches and wealth» what with the great trading
it, what with the iheep 2nd cartel, what
with the abun-
de of mules, what with three Farms of Sugar, what with
great Farms of Corn and Wheat, what with the Chur*
:s no other place belonging unto the
treafures, yields to
ninions of Guatemala. I may not forget yet a double
leat harveft ( as 1 may well term it ) in this Valley. The
t being of a little kind of Wheat, which they call Trigo

mzfino,(2i in Spani(h from thefe two

word compounded
)rds,*re/ mefes,ovfrom the Latin tres menfes ) which af-
three months fowing is iipe and ready to be cut down,
d being fowed about the end oiAugufl^ is commonly har-
lied in about the end oí November,, and although in the

lalnefs of it, it feems to have but a little Flour, yet it

ilds as much as their other iortof Weat,and makes as

bite bread, though it keep not fo well as \that which is

ade of other Wheat, but foon groweth and hard*

ftile

he other harveft ( which is of two forts of Wheat, one cal-

i Rubio or red Wheat, the other called Blanqmlko^ or
hite like Candía Wheat ) followeth foon after this firft of
remefinO) for prefently after Chriftmas every one begins to
ing their fickles into the field, where they do not only
ap.down their Wheat, but inftead of threfliing it
j
barns, they caufe it to be tjod by Mares inelofcd
within
 MP*

303 J New Survey Chap. XVJ

within floors made on purpofe in the fields j and when
Wheat is trod out of the Ea*s by the Mares trampling,
are whipped round about the floors that they mayv
Hand íhll, but tread it conftantiy and throughly j then i

Mares being let out of the floors, the Wheat is winnow

from the chaff, and put up clean into facks,and from
field carried to the Barns but the chaffand moft of
;

ftraw is left to rot in the fields, which they efteem as gc

as dunging •,and fuíító fet all the fields on fire, burni
the irubble that is left a little before the time of the f
fliowers of which with the a(hes left after the b
rain,
ning fatteth the ground, and by them is held the beft w
to husband o? dung their ground. Others that will fow
new and woody piece of land, caufe the trees though til
ber tries to be cut down, and fell not a flick of that wot
( which there is fo plentiful, that they judge it would r
quit their coil to carry it to Guatemala, though in Engla
it would ykld thoufandsof pounds ) but they let it lie ai

dry, and before the winter rain begins, they fet on fire
t-hcüeld, and burn that rich timber, with the aihes whei
of that ground becomes fo fat and fertile, that where u
on an Acre we iow here three buihels of Wheat, or upwarc
they íow (uch ground fo thin, that they fcarce dare ve
Ture a full bufheí upon an Acer, kit with too much fprea<
ing upon the ground it grow too thick, be lodged, ar
they lofe their crop. The like they do unto the paíiure i

the Valley, about the end of March, it is ihort and withe

ed and dry, and they alfo fet it on fire, which being bun
cauieth a difmal fight, and profpeór of a black Valley
but after the firft two or three thowers,it puts on again i

green and pleafant garment, inviting the Cattel, Sheej

Lambs, Goats, and Kids, { which for a while were drive
away to other paftuiing ) to return and fport again, to fee
and reft in its new flouriihing bofom. But now it is timi
1 return again back to the other end of this Valley, to th

Kid de las Vaccas (from whence Í have viewed the com

pafs of it, and made my long digreffion from Eaftto Weil
I''.' to the farthcll Town oí Amatitlan) to Lhew thee= my Rea
- - ,
dei
ap. XVHL of the Weft-Indies. 301
the little part of thy way remaining unto Guatemala.
j it is, from the Ermitage of our Lady, there is a
rhc way through the middle of the Valley leading al-
; to Amaiitlan, and then turning up a hill out of the
ey on the right hand i But that hath many afcents and
ents, bottoms, falls and riiings, and therefore
noithe is

ianc Road, which fromJthe Ermitage, pointeth on the

t hand, obferving the Town of Mixco, /landing but

miles from Guatemala, from Mixco the way lyeth up

II, and leadeth to a Town fome what bigger than Mix-

>f Indians called San Luc as , or St. Li/%, a cold Town,

exceeding rich h the temper and coldnefs of it hath
leit the iiorehoufe, or Granary for all the City for -.,

:reas below in the Valley, the Wheat will nor keep

5 without mufting,
and breeding a worm, called Gurgo-
fuch is the temper of this Town of St. Luke, that in it
Wheat will keep two or three years ready thrdhed,
h a little turning now and then ; and as it lyeth will
B and yield, ( as experience taught me there ) fo that he
t hath laid up in that Town two hundred buflitls of
leaf, at the years end ihall find neer upon two hun-
dí and twenty buihels. This Town therefore receives
m the Valley moñ of the hasveft, andof what is full
call Barns, but there are called 'trojas, without floors*

I
raifed up withitacks and bords a foot or t#o from the
)und, and covered with mats, whereon is laid the wheat,
1 by fome rich Monopolies from the City is kept and

arded two and three years, until they find their beft op^
rtunity to bring it out to fale, at the rate of their own.
U and pleafure. From hence to Guatemala there -is but
pee little leagues, and one only Baranca or. bottom, and

every fide of the way little petty Towns which they

\\ Milpas, confining of fome twenty Cottages In the
iddle of the way is the top of a hill, which difcoveretb
.the City, and ftandeth as over no a fieri ng of it, as if with
piece or two of Ordinance it would keep all Guatemala,
awe ; But befides this hill which is the wide and cw
:n Rosd, there fiarid yet forwarder on the right and kit

feauá
 1

304 A New Survey Chap. XV I

hand other mountains which draw neercr to the City, ai

whatthis top perad venture with too much diilance, is n
able to do or reach, the others certainly would re<?ch wi
Canon íhoí and command that far commanding Cil
Down this hill the waybroad and wide, and as or*
lies
as is the way down Earnet or High gate Hill , and at I
bottom it is more ftraitncd between the Mountains, for tl
fpaceofa bowihot, which paflage alfo is craggy by re¿fi
of (tones and fome final! pieces of rocks which lie in
brook of water that defccnds from the Mountains, ar
runs toward the City. But at a little Ermitage called S
John, the way opens again it felf, and iheweth Guatem,
ia, welcoming the weary travellers with a pleaiant pr<
fpecT:, and eafing theirs, or their mules or Horfes feer, wh;
with green walks, what with a fandy and gravelly Roa
unto the City, which never (hut gate againli any goer c
comer, nor forbad their entrance with any fenced wall
or watchmens jealous quefiions, but freely and gladly er
tertains them either by the back fide of the Dominican
Cloiiter, or by the Church and Nunnery called the Concej,
tion. And thus my Reader and Country-man I have brougli
and guided thee from the Gulf unto Guatemala, (hewing I
what that way is moft remarkable. I (hall riot now (hex
thee any more of this Cities Dominions toward Nicaragu
and the South (having already ihewn thee the way asta
as Realejo ) leaving that till 1 come to tell thee cf my jour
ncy homewards, which I made that way. There remain
yet the Gountry of the Vera Paz and the way unto it v
difcovcr, and foto clofe up this Chapter. The Vera Pa:
is fo called, for that the Indians of that Country hearinj
how the Spaniard» had conquered Guatemala, and di<
conquer the Country round about, wherefoever they came
yielded themfclves peaceably and without any refinance un
to the Goverment of Spain, This Country formerly ha(
a BiQiop to it felf diíiiná from Guattrriala y but now is madi
one Biihoprick with that. It is governed by an Alcaldi
Maior, or high Juftice fent from Spain, with Jüboidinati
on to the Court of Guaterrtahs Tht hsad or ihir<
Tow
iap. X VIII. of the Weft-Indies. j 05

vn of if, is where isa Cloifter of Domt-

called Coba»,
u Fryers,and the common place of refidcnce of the
ilde Major. All this Countiy as yet is not fubdued
he Spaniards, who have now and then fome ftrong
Dunteis with the barbarous and heathen people, which
>etwen this country and Jucatan > and fain would the
wards conquer them, that they might make way
>ugh them unto a Town called Campin belonging
Jucatan, and fettle Commerce, and Traffique by land
h that Country, which is thought would be a great
herance to the Country and City of Guatemala, and
fer way to convey their goods to the Havana, than by
Gulf, for oftentimes the Ships that go from the Gulf
:he Havana, are met with by the Hollanders and far-
ed. But as yet the Spaniards have not been able to
jg to pafs this their Delign, by reafon they have found
ng Refiilance from the heatheniih People, and a hot
rice to attempt the conquering of them. Yet there
5 a Fryer a great acquaintant of mine, called Fryer
ncifioMoran, who ventured his Life among thofc Bar-
ians, and with two or three Indians went on foot
3Ugh that Country, till he came to Campin, where he:
nd a few Spaniards, who wondred at his Courage and
dnefs in coming that way. This Fryer came back a-
n to Cohan and Vera faz, relating how the Barbara
hearing him fpeak sheir Language, and finding him
d, loving, and courteous to them, ufed him alfo
idly, fearing (as he faid) that if they ihould kill bin%
Spaniards would never let them be at Reft and Quiet
they had utterly deilroyed them, He related when
came back, that the Country which the Barbarians fo-
nt, is better than any past of the Vera Paz, which is
ije<$ to the Spaniards
3
and fpoke much of a Valley
lere is a great Lake, and about it a Town of Indians

lich he judged to be of at leaft twelve thoufand Inha-

ants, the Cottagis lying at a distance one from a-
ther. 'This Fryer hath writ of this Country, and hath

X envíe
306 'A New Survey Chap.XVlII
gone Court to motion the conquering
to Spain to the
it, for the Profit and Commodity that may enfue both t<
Guatemala, and Jucatan, if a way were opened thithei
But though as yet on that fide the Spaniards and the Goun
try of the Vera Faz, be firaightned by that heatheniC
People, yet on the other fide it hath free PaíTage unto thi
Gulf, and trade there when the Ships do come, carryin¡
Fowls and what other Provifion the Country will «ffon
for the Ships, and bringing from thence Wines, and othc
Spanijb Wares to Cohan. This Country is very hill
and craggy, and though there be fome big Towns in ii

there are not above three or four that are confiderable. Th

chief Commodities are Achiotte (which is the beft of all th
Country belonging to Guatemala)in¿C acao, Cotten woo
Hony, C anna ¡Ulula, and Sar zapatilla, great ftore of Man
but no Wheat, much Wax, plenty of fowl and Birds of a
coloured Feathers, wherewith the Indians make fome cur
ous Works, but not like thofe of Mecboacan. Hei
are alfo abundance of Parrets, Apes and Monkies whic
breed in the Mountains. The way from Guatemala, I

this Country is that which hitherto hath been ipoken

v
<

from the Gulf, as far as the Town of St. Luke >and froi
thence the way keeps on the Hills and Mountains whic
lie on the fide of the Valley of Mixco. Thefe Hills a:
called Sacatepeques, (compounded of Sacate and Tepi
the latter fignifying a Hill, and the former, Herb, <

Grafs, and thus joyned, they fignifie Mountains ofgrai

and among them are thefe chief Towns, rirft, Santiago, <

St. James, a Town of hundred Families ; iecondl

five

San Vedro or St. Peter, confining of fix hundred Fare

lies-, thirdly, St. Juan or St. John, confiding
alfo of

leaft fix hundred Families i and fourthly Sto. Domingo S

tiaco, or St. Dominic of Seuaco, being of three hundn
Families. Thefe four Towns are very rich, and thetv
laft very cold, the two firft are, warmer i there are
abo
thtm many Farms of Corn and good Wheat, befid
the Indian Maiz. Thefe Indians are fome what of mo
Couraj
ia|>. XVIII. o/ the Weft -Indies. jó7
irage than thofe of other Towns, and in my time
: like to rife up againft the Spaniards for their unmer -

Tyranny over them. The Churches are exceeding

in the Town of Santjago, there was living in my
i

[ one Indian, who for only vain- glory had bellowed

worth of fix thoufand Duckats upon that Church, and
afterwards this Wretch was found to be a Wizard and
later. Thefe Indians get much Mony by letting out
it Tuffs of Feathers, which the Indians ufe in their
ces upon the i'eafts oí the Dedication of their Towns.
the great Tuffs may have at leait threefcore
fome of
5 Feathers of divers colours, for every Feather hiring
] have half a Rial, befides: what price they fet to eve-
Feather, if any ihould chance to be loft. From the
vn of St. John, which is the furtheft, the way lies

i and pleafant to a little village of fome twenty

tages, called St. Ramundo oiSu £*ytéona, from whence
e a good days journey up and down Barrancas, or
is

:oms to a Rancho, or Lodge (landing by a River

, which is the fame River that paifts by the Town of
icahafilan fpoken of before. From this is an Afcent or
:rycraggy and rocky Mountain, called the Mountain
Rabinal, where are fteps cut out in the very Rocks
the Mules feet, and flipping on one or the other fide
|
fall furely down the Rocks breaking their Necks,

I mangling their Limbs and Joynts, but this Dan-

all

not long nor extends above a League

continues
[ a half, and in the top and worft of this danger,
re is the comfort of a goodly valley, called E/ Valle de
i Nicolas, St. Nicolas his Valley, from an ElUntia
ed St. Nicolas belonging to the Dominicans Cloifter

Cohan. This Valley, though itmuft not compare

:h that of Mixco and finóla i yet next after it, it may
for only three things confiderable in
II take place,
The an Ingenio of Sugar, called San Geronymo,
firft is

Hiérame, belonging to the Dominicans

Cloillcr
St.
Guatemala, which indeed goes beyond that fpoken
 s

jo8 J New Survey Chap. XVIII

of Amathlan, both for abundance of Sugar made there
anjHenX by Mules to Guatemala over that rocky Moui
fain, and for Multitude of Slaves living in it under di
command of two Fryers, and for the excellent Hoift
bred there, which are incomparably the belt of all th
Country of Guatemala for Mettle and Gallantry, an
therefore ( though Mules are commonly ufed for bui
thens^) are much defired and looked after by the Gi
lants and Gentry oí the City, who make it a great pai
of their honour to prance about the Streets. The f<
cond thing in this Valley is the Eftancta, or Farm t

St. Nicola , which is as famous for breeding of Mul<

as is St. Hierome tor Horfes. The third Ornament t

it is a Town of Indians , called Rabinal, of at lea

eight hundred which hath all that heart ca

families,
wiih, for man. It inclines rathi
Pleafure and Life of
to Heat than Cold, but the Heat is moderate and muc
qualified with the many cool and ihady Walks. Thei
is not any Indian Fiuit, which is not there to be foum

befides the Fruits of Spain, as Oranges, Lemon?, fwe

and four, Citrons, Pomegranates, Grapes, Figs Almond
and Dates > the only want of Wheat is not a want i

them that mind Bread of Wheat more than of Maiz, fi

in two days it is eafily brought from the Towns <

Sacatepeques. For Fleih, it. hath Beef, Mutton, Ki<

Fowls, Turkies, Quails Partridges, Rabbets, Pheafanti
and for Fifli, it hath a River running by the Huufe
which yields plenty both great and fmall. The I
dians of this town are much like thofe of Cbia\
of the Indians, for Bravery, for Feafting, for Riding
j

Horfes, and {hewing themfelves in Sports and Paftime

This Town my Friend Fryer John Baptiji, after he hi
been Prior of many Piaces, and cfpecially of Cbia¡
and Guatemala, chofe to live in to enjoy Quietncfs, Pie
fure and Content i and in this Town was I feafiedbyhi
infuch afumptuous, prodigal and lavifhing way, as tru
might make poor Mendicant Fryers aihamed to con
Ihap. XVIII. of the Weá-Indies. Jop
near to Princes in vanity of Life and Dyet. From
is Valley to the Vera Paz, or Cohan, the
head-Town
it, there is nothing coniiderable,
fave only one Town

ore called Cbri{hval, or St. Cbriftopber, which en-

St.
ys now Lake, and boitomlefs, as is re»
a fcleafänt
irted. Formerly there being no Lake at all, in a great
irthquake the Earth there opened, and
fwallowed up
hath
any Houfes, leaving this Lake which ever fincc
infinued. From hence to Cohan the Ways are bad and
[ountainous, jet fuch as through the worft
of them,
eafily go through.
lofe Country- mules with heavy Burthens
through
nd thus with my Pen, Reader, have I gone
oft of the Bounds and Limits of
Guatemala, which is
than is
ore furnifhed with gallant Towns of Indians,
ly part of all America; and doubtlefs
were the Indi-
is warlike, adive for War or Weapons, no
induftrious,
art in all America might be ftronger in People then
uatmala. But they being kept under and opprefled by
ie Spaniards, and no Weapons
allowed them, not fo
luch as their natural Bowrs and Arrows,
much leis Guns,
iftols, Mufquets, Swords, or Pikes, their Courage is
one, their ArTe&ions alienated from the Spaniards,
and
might very well fear, that if their
) the Spaniards
Indian
Country ihould be invaded, the Multitude of their
eople, would prove to them a Multitude of Ene-
or forced
Mes, either running away to another fide h
of fo many
3 help, would be to them but as the help
lies.

x 3
CHAP
JI'O J New Survey Chap. XIX

CHAP. XIX. »

Shewing the Condition, Quality, Fafhion, am

Behaviour of the Indians of the Country oj
Guatemala, fince the Conyueft, and efpeciah)
of their Feafis and yearly Solemnities*

THetémala
Condition
is
of the Indians of this; Country of Gua
and as much to be pitied as of an)
as fad,
Indians in America, for that Í may fay it is with them ir
fome fort, as it was with Jfrael in Egypt, of whom it ii

iaid, Exod. I. 7 They Were fruitful and increased abundant,

,

ly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty, and the lam
•was filed with them, and therefore Pharao laid unto hii
people, Verf. 10. Let us deal wifely with them, left they mul
iiply, and it come to pafs, that when there falleth out any war
they joyn alfo unto our enemies,and fight againft us. there
fore they did fit over them fash^mafters, to afflift them
with their Burdens, and they made their lives bitter with
bondage, in Mortar and in Brkk^ and in all manner oj
fervice in the field i and all their fervice wherein the}
made them ferve was with Rigor. Though it is true thei<
ought not to be any companion made betwixt the Ifraelitei
and the Indians, thofe being Gods people, thefe not a«
yet i neverthelefs the Comparifon may well hold in the
Oppri ilion of the one and the other, and in the Mame-
and Caufe of the oppretfion, that being with Bicternels
Rigour, and hard Bondage, and left they mould multiply
and increafe too much. Certain it i?, thefe Indians fuffei
great Oppreíiíon from the Spaniards, live in geat Bitter-
nefs, are under hard Bondage, and ierve with great Rigor
and all thi?, becaufe they are at leaft a thouiand of them
for one Spaniard, they daily multiply and increafe, in Chil-
dren
 ,

tap. XIX. o/ the Weft-Indies. ju

they fhould
en and Wealth, and therefore ate feared left
or ,oyn
and either rife up of themfelvcs
oo mighty, Opprtffo.sifo. both
emfelve to any Enemy
againft their
are not allowed the ule
kh F a s and Tealoufies, they
Arms, no not their Bows and Arrows
Ifiv Weapons or
, fo that as hereby
StMr Aneeftors formely ufed
Annoyance
fecured from any Hurt or
eVvZi, are
nffhem as an unarmed People
I ; fo M««teg
betecure
, that (hall be
incouraged to invade that Land
ofrom the Indian, , ¿d
eonfequentl» the *"**«»
againft the Indians may
be their
olieV tor themfelves
People and
Ruine
"eäteft and Deftruflion, being a great
of their \nhms would
tno People i lor the Abundance
themfelves fwho
no People ; and they
e"o ¡hem as
Towns and Cites live but here and
It of their few
great and capacious a
£ ,etoo thinly Scattered upon fo
any reafonab le Army
Zi ) would be but a Handful
few would
^be found able or fir-
nd of that' Handful very
men would do little w.thout the
me en m and thofe able
if their own
opprefled
dp of Guns and Ordnance s and
We, BWnnd(hould fide
Indians (
againft
which
them,
.themfelves have
foon would they
dwavs feared)
e fwallowed up both
from within and fro» wuhout
may eafily appear how ungrounded hey
*nd by this it

^whofay, it is harder to conquer Ammctn™ then

are now both Spamard
¡n &** his time, for that there
then there were none but
Indians to fight againft and
and
This Í fay is a filie Ground,
bare ar.d naked Indians.
there were Indians trained up in Wars one agamí*
forthe-n
to ufe theft Bows and Arrows,
¿other, who kneyv well

and Darts and other Weapons, and were defpera jm the* <
,

may appear out of the Hifto-

Fightsand fingle Combats, as
are cowa.d.fed, opprefled, un-
rictof them-, but now they
frighted with the noife ot a Mufquet, nay
armed, foon
look of a Spaniard fo from them
with ä four and grim
Fear , neither can
there be from tie Spani-
there is no
the valt dominions, of Guatemala
ards who fiom all

five thoufand able

fighting men, not
a,e not able to raife
X "t P
 ijf- J New Survey Chap. XIX
to defend fo many PaiTagcs as
open in feveral Part
lie
of (hat Country, which the wider and
greater it is mieh
be advantageous to any Enemy, and
while the Spaniard h
one place might oppofe his ftrength,
in many othc
places might his Land be over-run by a forain
Nation na< •,

by their own Slaves the Blac^-moors, who

doubdefs tob
fet at liberty would fide again ft them in any fuch
occafi
oni
i and laftly, rhe Crioliam who alfo are fore oppref
fed by them, would rejoyce in fuch a day, and
yield ra
thcr to live with. Freedom and Liberty
under a forain
pco
pic, than to be longer oppreffed by
thofc of their owr
Klood.
Themiferable Condition of the Indians of
that Coun-
try is fuch, that
though the Kings of Spain have nevei
yielded to what force would have, that
they ihould be
Slaves, yet their lives are as full of
Bitternefs as is the lift
of a Slave. For which I have known my felf fome of them
that nave come home from toiling and moiling with
Spaniards, after many Blows, fome Wounds, and little ox
no Wages, who have fullenly and ftubbornly lain down
«pon their Beds, refolving to die rather then to live any
longer a Life fo Slaviih, and have refufed to
take either
Meat or Drink, or any thing elfe comfortable and
Douriih-
ing, which their Wives have offered to them, that
fo
by pining and (hiving they might coniume
rhemfelves.
Some I have by good perfuafions encouraged to Life ra-
ther than to a voluntary and wilful Death
s others there
have been that would not be perfuaded, bat in
that wilful
Wray have died The Spaniards that live about that Country
Cefpecially the Farmers of the Valley of Mixco, Pinola, Pe-
tapa, AmatnUn, and of thofe of the
Sacatepeqnes J allege
that all their Trading, and Fanning, is for
the good of the
Common-wealth, and therefore whereas there are not
Spaniard! enough for fo ample and large
a Country
to do all their Work, and all are not able
to buy Slaves
and Blackcmoors, they Hand in need of the Indians help
to fa ve them for their Pay and Hire i whereupon
it hath
ken coniider'd, (hat a Partition oí Indian Labourers be maJe
every
 5

iap: XIX. of the WeiWndies. 51

ryMonday, or Sunday in the Afternon to the Spani-
L according tó the Farms they occupy, or according
to

r feveral Employments, calling, and trading with

les, or any other way. So that for fuch and fuch a Di-
is named an Officer who is
al there called Juez Repartí-

I
who according to a Lift made of every Farm, Houfc,
i Perfon, is to give fo many Indians by the
Week.
d here is a to the Prefident oí Guatemala,
Door open'd
I to the Judges to provide well for their menial Ser-
its whom they commonly appoint
for this Office, which

hus performed by them. They name the Town and

ce of their meeting upon Sunday or Monday, to
which
mfelves and the Spaniards of that Diftriä refort.
e Indians of the feveral Towns are to have in a rea-
lefs fo many Labourers as the
Court of Guatemala,
th appointed to be weekly taken out of fuch a Town,
10 are conducted by an Indian Officer to the
of Town
neral meeting and when they come with their Tools,
•,

provi-
nt Spades Shovels, Bills, or Axes, with their
n of Vi&uals for a Week ( which are commonly fome
y Cakes of Maiz, puddings of Frixoles, or French beans,
d a little Chile or biting long Pepper, or a bit of
Did meat for the firft day or two ) and with Bedson
their

cks ( which is only a coarfe woolkn Mantle to wrap

lout them when they lie on the bare ground ) then
are

ey (hut up in the Town-houfe, fome with

Blows, fome
if prefent-
ith Spurning?, fome with Boxes on the ear,
they go not in. Now all being gathered together, and
le houie filled with them, the Juez Repartidor or Officer,
illsby the order of the Lift fuch and fuch a Spaniard^
id alfo calls out of the hcufe fo many Indians as by
íe Court are commanded to be
given him ( (orne are
[lowed three, fome four, fome ten, fome fifteen, fome
uventy, according to their Employments) and delive-
eth to the Spaniard his Indians^ and fo to all the reft,
ill they be all ierved , who when they receive their
ndians , take from them a Tool, or their Mantles,
fecuie them that they run not away, and for every
Indian
 315 A New Survey Chap. XI:
Indian delivered unto them, they give unto the Juez, B
partidor or Officer half a Rial, which is three pence an J
disn tor his Fees, which amounts yearly to him to a gre
deal of Mony ; for fome Officers make a partition or difti
button of four hundred, feme of two hundred, fome
threehundred Indians every week, and carries home wi
him many half hundred Rials for one, or half a da
fo
work. If Complaint be made by any Spaniard that fu<
and fuch an Indian ran away from him, and ftrv.
him not the Week pair, the Indian muft be brought, ar
furely tied to a poli by his hands in the Market place, ai

I there be whipt upon his bare back. But if the poor I

dian complain that the Spaniard coufened and cheat<
him oí his Shovel, Ax, Bill, Mantle or Wages, no Juiii
(hall be executed againfr the cheating Spaniard, neith
fhall the Indian be righted, though it is true the Ord
runs equally in favour of both Indian and Spaniar
Thus are the poor Indians fold for three pence a piece fi

a whole weeks Slavery, not permitted to go home at nigh

to their wives, though their Work lie not above a mi
horn the Townwhere they live \ nay feme are carri<
ten or twelve n ites from their home, who mull not n
turn til Saturday night late, and mult that week do wha
ever their Matter pleafed to command them. The W;
ges appointed them will fcarc find them Meat and Drinl
for the/ are not allowed a Rial a day, which is but Í11
pence, and with that they are to find themfelves, but ft
iixdays work and diet they are to have five Rials, whk
is half a Crown. This fame Order is obfesved in the Cit
oí Guatemala, and Towns oí Spaniards, where to ever
Family that wants the Service of an Indian ox Indian
though it be but to fetch Water and Wood on their back
or to go of errands, is allowed the like Service from tfi
neerelt Indian Towns. It would grieve a Chriftians heai

to fee how by fome cruel Spaniards in that Weeks iervic

rhoie poor wretches are wrorg'd and abuf.d \ íotne viii

ting their Wives at home, whilit their poor Husbands ar
digging and delving) others whipping them for thci
flo\
ip. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. } 1
4
with Swords,
working others wounding them
their

for Tome reafonable and well groun-

eak.ng their heads
Anfwer own behaU, others nealing from them
in their
them of half, others of all their
tools, others cheating
i

their feivice coft them half a

Kul,
cs alledging that
performed., I knew fome
yet their Work not well

/made a common pr a dice of this, when their Wheat

the Indians i yet
fown and they had little to do for
home as many as were due to then
I would have
them cut
m and on Monday and luifday would makethey need-
bring them on their backs as much Wood as

all that Week, and

then on Wednefday at noon ( know»
the great Defire of the Indians to go home to their
would give any thing ) would
ves, for which they
let you
to them, will you give me now, if I
What
Indians
home do your own Work ? whereto the
to
uld joyfully reply and
anf^er, fome that they would
Rials, which they would take and
e a Rial, others two
,d them home, and ip would have «audi Work done,
-od to feive their houfea week,
and Mony as muchas
meat, and Cacao for Chocolate two
iuld buy them
poor Indians do chote
eks together and thus from the
-,

iconfcionablc Spaniards praftife

a cheap and lafie way

Others will fell thtm away for that week to

living.
Neighbour that hath preient need of
Work Demanding
Indian, which he that buyes them,
[¿ a piece for every
their wages. So likewifc are
illi fure to defray out of
Slaviih Bondage and Readinefs for all PalTengexs
ey i-
id Travellers, who in any Town may demand to the
to go with his Mules, or
|t Town as many Indians
heavy Burthen as he lhall need,
, carry on their backs a
at the Joumevs end will pick fome quarrel with
ho
and Stripes
lem and fo fend 'them back with Blows
'ithout any Pay at all. A Petaca, or leathern 1 rank,
r>d Che ft of above a
hundred weight, they will num
lofe Wretches to carry on their backs a whole day, my
^metwoor three days together, which they do by tying
be Cheñ on each fide with Ropes, having a Droad Leather in
the
 3 1 6 AKm Survey Chap. XI
the middle, which they crofs over the forepart
of th
Head, or their Forehead, hanging thus the Weij
on their heads and brows, which at their journeys
e
hath made the Blood flick in the foreheads of fome,
g
ling and pulling orTthe skin, and marking
them in the foi
top of their heads, who as the are called Tamemez,
fo i

eafily known in a Town by their Baldnefs, that Leat!

girt having worn off all their hair. With thefe ha
ufages, yet do thofe poor people make fhift to live
mongft the Spaniards, but fo that with anguiih of he¡
they are fiill crying out to God for Juftice, and for Liben
whoíe only comfort is in their Pridlsand Fryers, who ra
ny times quiet them when they would rife up in m
tiny, and for their own ends often prevail over the
with and cunning perfuafions, to bear and íurTer f
fair
Gods fake, and for the good of the Common-wealth th
hard Task and Service which is laid on them. And tl
in all Seafons, wet and dry, cold and hot,
and all Wa
plain and mountainous green and dirty, duity and
, fton
they muft perform this hard Service to their command»
Mailers, their Apparel and Cloathing is but fuch as
m¡
cover the Nakednefs of their Body, nay in fome it
fu< is
torn Rags as will not cover half their Nakednefs.
The
ordinary Cloathing is a pair of linnen or woollen Draw
ers, broad and open at the knees, without
Shooes, ( ú
in their journeys fome put on leathern Sandals
to ke<
the Soles of their Feet ) or ftockins, without any Double
a íhort coarfe Shirt, which reaches a little below
the
Wafte, and ferves more for a Doublet -than for a Oiir
and for a Cloak a woollen or linen Mantle, ( call'd AiaH
tied with a knot over one moulder, hanging down o
the other fide almoft to the ground, with a twelve
p<
nyor two (hilling Ha t, which after one good (hower c
Rain like Paper
about their necks and ejes \ their Be<
falls

they carry fometimes about them, which is that wcollei

Mantle wherewith they wrap themfelves about at night
taking off their Shirt and Drawers, which they Jay un
¿er their head for a pillo/; i fome carry with them i

(hoi
ip,XIX. o/ fk Weft-Indies; 317
and light Mat to lie on, but thofe that can?
flteht,
one of aneigh-
)'twith them, if they cannot borrow
in their mantle on the bare
ground,
[ lie as willingly
England on a foft down bed, and thus
Gentleman in
after a days Worfc,
foundly ileep, and loudiy fnort
after a days Tourney
with a hundred weight upon
and rich-
r backs.
Thofe that are of the better fort,
as tamemez to cany
and who are not employed
but
Chens, or as Labourers to work for Spaniards,
following
> at following their own Farms, or
home
about the Country, or following theue
r own Mules
tdes and callings in their
Shops, or governing that
of Mice,
W ns, as Alcaldes, or Alguaziles, Officers
better apparell'd, but after the fame
v »0 a little

'oner. For fome have their Drawers with a Lace at

coloured Silk or Crew-
bottom, or wrought with fome
Mantle about them, {hall have either a
fo likewife the
fome work of Birds on it, feme will wear a
ce or
but very few Stockins
linen Doublet, others Shooes,
their Beds, the belt
Bands about their necks i and for
Governour, or the richett, who may be worth tout
lian
will have little more than the
five thoufand Ducats ;
they lie on Boards, or Canes
bound
or ramemezs for
from the ground, whereon they lay
.ether, and railed
broad andhandfom Mat,
and at their heads for Man and
flumps of wood for Bolita
whereon they
rife two little

y and Mantles, and other cloaths for Pil*

their (hiits
ws covering thcmfelves with a broader Blanket than is
thus hardly would Don Bernabé de
St MantleT and
lie, and fo do all the
Hzman the Governour of Petapa
The Womens Attire is cheap and foon put
eQ of them.
richer and bet-
n, for moft of them alfo go barefoot, the
t iort wear Shooes,
with broad Ribbons for Shoo-ftringv
about their Wafte a woolkn
nd foraPeticoat, they tie
which in the better fort is wrought with divers
4antle,
fow'd at al!, pleated or gather d in
iolours, but not
,ut as they tie it with
a Lift about them y they wear no íluít
> but cover
body their Nakedncfs with a kind oí
iext their
 ,w A New Survey Chap. XIX
Surplice
( which they call Guaipil ) which hangs Ioofefrot
their (holders down a little
Below their Wane, with c
pen ihort ileeves, which cover half
their Arms i this Gu*
pi curioufly wrought, efpecially in the Bofom,
is
wit
Cotton, or Fearhers. The richer fort wear Brace
'ets^and Bobs about their Wriüs
and Necks i their Hai
is Gathered up with Fillets, without any Quoif or Co
venng except it be the better fort.
When they go t<
Church or abroad, they pjt upon their heads a Vail
of Li
nen, wh Ic h hangs
almoit to the ground, and this 1
that which them moil of all their attire, for tha
cofts
commonly is of Holland or fame good Linen
broughi
lT S a
u l
P *"> ° r hne Linen brou 8 nt from China, whicf
the better fort wear with a Lace
abouti when they an
at home at work they commonly
take of their Guaipil 01
ourplice, difcovcring the nakednefs
oí their Brefts and Bo-
ay. They lie alfo in their beds as do their Husbands,
wrapt up only with a Mantle, or with a Blanket.
Theii
Houfes are but poor thatch'd Cottages, without
any uppa
Rooms, but commonly one or two only Rooms below,
in
one they drefs their Meat in the middle
of it, ma-
king a ccmpafs for Fire, with two or three
Stones, without
any other Chimney to convey the fmoak
away, which
fpreading it f If about the Room rills the
Thatch and
Rafters to with Soot, that all the Room
feems to be a
Chimney. The next to it, is not free from Smoak
and
Blackncfs, where fomteimes are four or rive
Beds accor-
ding to the Family. The pcorer fort have
but one Room,
where they eat, drefs their meat and fleep Few there are
that iet any Locksupon their Doors, tor they fear no rob-
bing, neither have they in their houies much to
lofe,
Earthen Pots, and Pans, and Diihes, and
Cups to
drink their Chocolatte, being the chief
Commodities in
their Houfe. There is fcare any Houfe which hath not
alfo in the Y ard a Stew, wherein they
bath themfelves
with hot Water, which is their chief Phyfick when
they
feel themfelves difttmpered. Among themfelves they are
in every Town divided into Tiibes, which have one chief
1
Head
 1

apj XIX. ©/ the Weíklndies. 3 9

id, to whom all that belong to that Tribe, fefort
matters, who is bound to
aid, pro-
any difficult
of his Tribe
defend, counfel and appear for the
reft

>re the Officers of

any Wrong that is like
juftice in

x done to them. When any is tobe marn ed, the Fa-

of another Tribe,
of the Son that is to take a Wife out
s to the Head of this
Tribe to give h>m Warning ot his
that Head
s marriage with fuch a MayJ. Then
Head of the Maids Tribe, and they
is with the
is in debate aquarter
fer about it. The Bufineis commonly
of the Youth or
of a year-, all which time the Parents
I are with gifts to buy the
Maid i they are to be at
drinking, when
charge ofall that is fpent in eating and
Tribes meet with the reft of the
Heads of the two
fit in conference a
idred of each fide, who fometimes
ole Day, or moft part of a night. After many Days and
>hts thus fpent, and a full
Trial made of the one

i other fides affeäion, if they chance difagree about

Marriage, then is the Tribe and Parents of the
i
fpent and g>-
aid to reftore all that the other fide hath
Portions with their Daughters, but
L They give no
they die, their goods and Land are
equally divi-
len
among their Sons. If any one want a Houfe to live in,
d
is given
will repair and thatch his Houfe anew, notice
th: Heads of the Tribes, who warn all the
Town to
to bring a
me to help in the work, and every one is
indie of Straw, and other Materials, fo that in one day
ith the help of many they hniih a
Houfe, without any
harge morethan of Chocolatte, which they ferye in
Cups as big as will hold above a pint, not putting in
;eat

w coftly materials, as do the Spaniards, but only a little,

nnifeed, and Chile, or Indian Pepper, cr elfe they half

it as much Cho-
IIthe Cup with Atolle, and pour upon
In their Diet the
llarte as will fill the Cup and
colour it.
Di(h of Frixoles, or
oorer fort are limited many times to a
are there in ve-
rurky b.ans, black or white ( which
year ) boil-
I great abundance, and are kept dry all the
and if they can have this, they hold them
dwithGhik;
fclves
 J20 'A New Survey Chap. X£>
felves well fatisfied with thefe Beans, they make alfo Oun
;

pirns, rirft boiling the Bean a little, and

then mingling
with a mafs of Maiz, as we mingle Currans
in 01
Cakes, and foboil again the Frixoles, with the
Dumplin <

Maiz- mafs, and fo eat it hot, or keep it cold ;

but this an
all whatever elfe they eat, they
either eat with green b
ting Chile, or elfe they dip it in Water and
Salt, wherei
is bruifed Tome of that Chile.
But if their means wi
not reach to Frixqfcs, their ordinary Fare
and Dyet
their Tortilla's ( fo they call thin round
Cakes made of tt
dough and mafs of Maiz) which they eat hot from
an cai
then Pan, whereon they are foon bak'd
with one turr
mg over the tire i and thefe they eat alone either wit
Chile and Salt, and dipping them in Water and
Salt wit
a little bruifed Chile. When their Maiz is green and ten
áv, shey boil fome of thofe whole Stalks or Clutters,
when
on the Maiz grows with the Leaf about, and fo
caftin
a little about it, they eat it. I have often eat
Salt
c
this, and found it as dainty as our
young green Peafe, an<
very nouriihing, but it much increafes the
Blood. Alí¡
of this green and tender Maiz they make a Furmity,
boil
ing the Maiz in fome of the Milk which they
have firft ta
ken out of it by bruifing it. The pooreü
Indian neve
wants this diet, and is well fatisfied, as long as his
Belly i
thorowly rilled. But the poortft that live in fuch Town
where Fklh- mear is fold, will make a hard (hift, but
tha
when they come from work on Saturday night, they wil
buy one half Rial/or a Rial worth offreih Meat toeatoi
the Lords day.Some will buy a good deal at once
and keep long by drcfling it into Ta¡fajo% which ar<
it

batidles of * left, rowled up and tied faft

* which they
do,^ when Examples fake they have from a leg of Bed
for
flie'd off from the
Bone all the Fleih with the knite, in the
lengnth, form, and thinnefsof a Line, or rope. Then
they
take the Fleih and fait it, ( which being flie'd thin
fooo
takes Salt ) and hang it up in their Yards like a line
from
Pott fo Port or from Tree to Tree, to the Wind for
a
Week, then they hang it in the fmoak anoiher Week and
after

¿! U*
 1

¿p. XIX. of the Weft-Indies; 3 2

rowl it up in fmall Bundles, which, becomt as hard

Stone, and io as they need it, they waih v., boil it and
t. This is America's powdered Beef, which they call
ijo, whereof I have often eaten, and the Spaniards
nuch of it, efpecially thofe that trade about the Coun-
with Mules i nay this TaJJajo is a great commodity,
hath made many á Spaniard rich, who carry a Mule
vo loaden with thefe Tajfajo's in fmall Parcels and Bun-
,to thole Towns where is no Fleih at all fold, and there
-exchange them for other Commodities among the In-
j, receiving perad venture for one Tajfajo or Bundle 5

lich coft them but half a Farthing ) as much Ca-

ts in other places they fell for a Rial or Sixpence.
: richer fort of people fare better, for if theri be Fiíh
r
be had, they will have it, and eat moft greedily
leih to
and will not fpare their Fowls and Turkeys from their
,

1 Bellies. Thefe alfo now and then get a wild Deer,

)ting it with their Bows and Arrows. And whea they
e kill'd it, they let it lie in the Wood in fome Hole or
torn coverM with Leaves about a Week, till for
tink and begin to be full of , then they bring Worms
lome, eut it out into joints, and parboil it with a herb
ich groweth there fomewhat like unto our Taniy, which

y fay fweetens it again, and makes the Fleih eat ten-

, and as white as a piece of Turkey. Thus parboil'd,

y hang up the Joints in the Smoak

and (hen for a while,
Í it again, when which is commonly dref-
they eat it,

with red Indian Pepper, and this is the Venifon of

terica, whereof I have fornetimes eaten, and found it
ite and ihorf, but never durit be too bold with it,

: that I found any evil Taile in it, but that the appre-
ifion of the Worms and Maggots which formerly
1 beeH in it, troubled much my ftomach. Thefe In-
ns that have little to do at home, and ate not em-
iyed in the weekly Service under the Spaniards-, in
:ir hunting will look feriouily tor Hedge- hogs, which
: juft like unto ou/s, though certainly cuss arc
Y mi
 r

321 A New Survey Chap.XL

not Meat any Chriftian. They are full oí Pricks ai
for
Brinies like ours,and are found in Woods and Fields
ving in holes, and as they fay feed upon nothing but ,

mits and their eggs, and upon dry rotten Sticks, Hcrl
and Roots i of thefe they eat much, the Fieih being as whi
and fweet as a Rabbit, and as fat as a January Hen, kc
up and fatted in a Coop. Of this meat I have alfoeatc
arid confefs it is a dainty Diih there, though I will not Í
the fame of a Hedge-hog here ; for what here may be po
fon, there may be good and lawful Meat, by feme aci
dental diiference in the Creature itfelf, and in that whi
itfeeds'upon, or in the temper of the Air and Clima
This meat not only the Indians but the beit of the Sp
niards feed' on i and it is fo much efteemed of, that t
«aufe in Lent they—are commonly found, the SpanUr
will nor be deprived of it, but eat it alfo then, alledj
ing that it is no Fleih ( though in eating it be in fatnei
and in tafte, and in all like Fleih 3 for that it feeds n
upon any thing that is very nouriihing, but chiefly upc
Amits eggs, and dry nicks. It is a great point of coi
troverfie amongft their Divines, fome hold it lawful,
thers unlawful for that time -,
it feems the pricks ar
of the Indian Hedge- hog prick their Confcienc
brittle s
with a Another kind of Meat they fe<
fooíííh fcruple.
much on, which is calkd Iguana \ of thefe fome arc four
in the Waters, others on the Laríd. They are longer tha
a Rabbit, and like a Scorpion, with fome green, fon
black Scales on their backs. Thofe on the Land will ru
very faft like Lizards, and will climb Trees like Squi;
ids, and breed in Roots of trees or in Stone- Walls, Tl
light of them is enough to fright one i and yet whe
they are dreffd and fiew'd in Broth with a little fpic
they make a dainty Broth, and eat alfo as white as
Rabbit, nay the middle Bone is made juft like the Bad
bone of a Rabbit. They are dangerous meat, if not through
!y boiled, and they had almoft coft me my Life for eatin
too much of them, not being ftew'd enough. There ai
many Water and Land-Torcoifes, which the Indians fin<
ou
tp. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. 31}

for themfelves, and alfo reliih exceeding well to

Spaniards Palate. As for drinking, the Indians ge-

ly are much given to it i they have

and drink, if

ing of their poor and (imple Chocolate, without

elfe,

r or many compounds, or of Atolle, till their

Bellies

ady toburfi. But if they can get any Drink that will
; them mad-drunk, they will not give it over as long
drop is left , or a peny remains in their purfe to
hafe it. Amongft themfeives they ufe to make fuch
ks as are in operation far ftronger than Wine > and
they confection in fuch great Jars as come from
U wherein they put fome little quantity of Waters
fillup the Jar with fome Melaifo's, or Juice of the
r-Cane, or fome Hony to fweeten it i then for the
gthning of it, they put roots and leaves of Tobacco,
; other kind of Roots which grow there, and they
v to be ftrong in operation, nay in fome places I have
wn where they have put in a live Toad, and fo clofed
he Jar for a fortnight, or a months fpace 5 till all that
have put in him, be throughly fteep'd and the Toad
'um'd, and the Drink well ikenghtn'd, then they o-
it, and call their Friends to the drinking of it, ( which

manly they do in the Night-time, leii their Pricft in

Town íhouíd have notice of them in the Day J
ch they never leave off, till they be mad and ra-
5 drunk. This Drink they call Gkicbs, which ftinks
•

Í filthily, and certainly is the caufe of many Indians

ith, where they ufe the Toads poyfon
fpecially
I it. Once I was informed living in Mixco, of a great
:ting appointed in an Indians houfe . and I took
h me the Officers of Juftice of the Town, to fearch
[Indians houfe, where I found four Jars of Chicha not
open'd, I caufcdihemto be taken out, and broken in
ftreet before his door, and the filthy Chicha to be pou-
out, which left fuch a flunking Scent in my noftriis, that
h the fmell of it, or apprenenfion of its Loathfomnefs, I
to Vomitings and continued fick almoil a whole Week

If a Now
 3*4 ¿ New Survey Chap, XIÍ
Now the Spaniards knowing this inclination of the Ind
ans to Drunkennefs, do herein much abufe and wror
them though true it is there is a ftriót Order, even
•,

the forfeiting of the Wine of any one who Chali

pr'efume \

fell Wine in a Town of Indians, with

a Mony-Mulä b
ilde?. Yet forjill this thebaferand poorer fort of Spat
ards for their Lucre and gain contemning Authority,
w
go from Cuatv.nala, to the Towns of Indians abou
and carry fuch Wine to fell and inebriate the Natives
may be very advantageous to themfelves i for one
J¡
of Wine, they will make two at leaft, confectioning
with Hony and Water, and other ftrong Drugs which a
cheap, and iirongly operative on the poor and
wea
Indians heads, and this they will fell for currant
Sp t

mjh wine, with fuch Pint and Quart-mcafures, as n<

ver were allow'd by Juftice- Order, but by
themfelv
invented. With fuch Wine they foon intoxicate tl
poor Indians, and when they have made them drunk,
the
they will cheat them more, making them pay double
f<
their Quart meafure ; and when they fee they can
drio
no more, then they will caufe them to iie down and flee]
and in the mean while pick their Pockets. This is
| common Sin among thole Spaniards of Guatemala, an
much praäis'd in the City on the Indians, when the
Come thither to buy or fell. Thofe that keep the Bod
bones ( fo are cal I'd the houfes that fell Wine,
which ai
no better than a Chandlers (hop, for befides Wine the
fell Candles, Fiih, Salt, Cheefe and Baconjwill common!
intice the Indians, and make them dtunk, and then pic!
their Pockets, and tuyn them out of doors with
Blow
and Stripes, if they will not fairly depart. There was i
Guatemala in my time one of thefe Bodegoners, or (hop
keepers of Wine and fmall Ware, nam'd JuanRarms,wh
by thus cheating and tiplingpoor Indians fas it was
g«
nerally reported) was worth 20000 duckats, and 11
my time gave with a Daughter that was married
8000 Duckats No Indian mould pafs by his door
but be would call him in, and play upon him a

a for c fa i c
 ap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. 3 2 5
efaid. In my time a ty*"//& Farmer a Neighbour of
e in the Valley of Mw,
chanced to fend to Guatema-
is Indian fervants with Haifa dozen mules laden with
.at to a Merchant, with whom he had agreed before
(he price, and ordered the Mony to be fent to him
years, and ever
i*is ( whom he had kept fix
Servant
id him truity) the Wheat being
deliver'd and the

iy receiv'd (which mounted to ten pound fixteen'

ings, every Mule earring fix Buihels, at
twelve Rials
üíhel, as was (hen the price ) the Indian
with another
e of his walking along the fireets to buy fome
fmall

nmodiiies, palTed by John Ramos his (hop, ox Bodegón,

) enticing mate in, foon tript up their

him and his
s with a little confe&ion'd Wine for that
purpofe,and
t away all his mony from the intrufted Indian, and

them out of his houfe > who thus drunk being fore'd
ide home, the Indian that had receiv'd the mony, fell
n his Mule, and broke his neck h the other go: home
iout his Mate or Mony. The Farmer profecuted
n Ramos in the Court for his mony, but Ramos being

and abler to bribe, thin the Farmer, got off very

I, and fo had done formerly in almoit the like cafes,
efe are but Peccadillo's among thofe Spaniards, to make
nk, rob, and occafion the poor Indians Death i whofe
ith with them is no more regarded nór vindicated,

n the death of a Sheep or Bullock, that falls into a pit.

J thus having fpoken of Apparel, Hpufes, Eating and
nking, it remains that I fay fomewhat oí their Civility,
I Religion of thofe who liv'd under the Government of
Spaniards. From the Spaniards they have borrow'd
ir CivilGovernment, and in all Town? they have one
two Alcaldes, with more or lefs Regidores, Oho are as
'

Aldermen or Jurates ) and fome AlguazUei, more

leis, who are as Confiables, to execute the ciders

( who is a Mayor ) with his Brethren. In

the Alcalde
wns of 300 or 400 Families, or upwards, there are com-
ply two Alcaldes, fix Regidores, two Alguaiiles Mayors,
Ifix under or petty A'guaziles. And fome Town? aie m}^.

> 3 iiS&í
 %i6 J New Survey Chap; Xll
vilcged with an Indian Governour, who
above the A is
caldts, and all the reft of the Officers.
Thefe are chai
ged every year by new Election, and are chofen by
tr
Indians thcmfelves, who take their turns by the
Tribes (
Kindreds, whereby they are divided. Their Offices begi
on New years day, and after that their Election
is cai
ryed to the City of Guatemala
( if in that Diftriór it be
or to the heads of Juftict, or S/vw/fc Govemours
of tr
feveral Provinces, who confirm the new
Election, and tal
account of the laft years Expences made by the
other Ofl
cers, who carry with them their Town-book
of Account
and therefore for this purpofe every Town hath a Clerk
c
Scrivener, called Efcrivano, who commenly
continue
many years in his Office, by reafon of the
Paucity an
Unñtnefs of Indian Scriveners, who are not able
t
bear fuch a charge. This Clerk hath many Fees for h;
Writings and Informations, and Accounts, as have
the SÚ
niards, though not fo much Mony or
Bribes, but a fma
matter according to the Poverty of the Indians.
The Go
vtrnour isalfo commonly continued many years, being
fom
chief man among the Indians, except
for his Mifdemean
ours he be complain'd of, or the Indians
in general do a
itomach him.
Thus they being fetled in a Civil way ofGovernmeni
they may execute Juftice on fuch Indians of
all thei
Town as do notorioufiy and fcandaloufly
offend. The
mayimpruon, tine, whip, and baniih, but hang and quar
ter they may not, but muft remit
fuch Cafes to the SpantJI
Governour. So likewife if a Spaniard paffing by ch<
'Town, or living in it, do trouble the Peace, and
mifde
mean himfelf, they may lay hold on him, and fend
hin
to the next Sfanijh Juftice, with a full
information of hi
offence, but fine him or keep him above one night in pri
ion they may not. This Order they have againft Spani-
ards, but they dare not execute
it, (or a whole Towr
ftands in awe one Spaniard, and though he never fc
or
hainoufly offend, and be unruly, with
Oaths, Threatnings
and drawing his Sword, he makes
them quake and
tremble
lap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies: \\l?

touch him hey know

for f
able, andnotprefume to >

(hall have the worft, either by Blows,

hey do, they
will give agamft them,
by fome Mif-informatioh, he
hath been very often tried, for where
Indians
d this
to curb an unru-
e by virtue of their Order indeavoured
their town, fome ofthem have
beenwoun-
Spaniardm
carried the Spam-
l others beaten, and when they have
he hath plead-
'before a Spanijh Juflice and Governour,
what he hath done, faying it was in his own
De-
for
that the Indt-
ce,or for his King and Soveraign, and
agamft
would have kill'd him, and began to mutiny
Authority and Government, denying
: Spanijh
him with what he needed for his Way and
ferve
give him or a-
urny i that they would not be Slaves to
Spaniard any Attendance-, and that they
would make
thefe and
end of him, and of all the Spaniards. With
Mif informations, the unruly Spa-
:h like falfe and lying

xrds have often been believ'd, and to©

much upheld in
Indians
;ir rude and uncivil mifdemeanours, and the
tcrlv curb'd and puniihd, and anfwer
made them in
:h cafes, that if they had been Kill'd for their Mutiny
Subje&s, they
d Rebellion again ft the King, and his beft
gave not
d been ferv'd well enough-, and that if they
tendance to the Spaniards that paff'd by their Town,
eirHoufesihouldbe nYd , and they and their Children
terly confum'd. With fuch like Anfwers from the Ju-
cesand credency to what any bafe Spaniard (hall inform
to put up alt
pinft them, the poor Indians are fain
'rongs, not daring to meddle with
any Spaniard, be
never fo unruly i by virtue of that Order
which they
i

ive againft them. Among themfelves, if any Complaint

i made againft any Indian, they dase not meddle with
In till they call all his Kináred,
and efpecially the Head
fthat Tribe to which he belongs i who if he and
the

:ft together, find him to

deferve Imprifonment, or Whip-
ing, or any other Puniihrnent, then the Officers
of Ju-
ice, the Alcaldes or Maiors, and their
Brethern the Ju-

stes inflift upon him that

Puniihrnent which all (hall
Y 4 a
ST ^
 9ÍI 'A New Survey Chap .XIX
agree upon. But yet after Judgment and Sentence give
they have another which is their laft Appeal, if
they pleafi
and that is to their Prieft and Fryer who lives
, in thei
Town, by whom thef will fometimes be judg'd and un
dergo what Puniíhment he Chali think riitdt.
To th
Church therefore they often refort in points of
Juftici
thinking the Prieft
knows more of Law and Equity
than themfelves: who fometimes reveries what
Judgraen
bath been given in the Town-houfe, blaming theOfficci
for their Partiality and Paflion againft their poor Brothei
and fating free the Party' judg'd by them-, which th
Prieft does oftentimes, if fuch an Indian
do belong I
the Church, or to the Service of their Houfe, or
have a
ny other Relation to them, peradventure for their Wive
fake, whom either they affed or imploy in
waíhing, o
making their Chocolate. Such, and their Husbands ma'
live Iawlefs as long the Prieft Town.
as is in And i

when the Prieft is abfent, they call them to Trial for an'
Mifdemeanor, and whip, fine, or imprifon, f which cc
caiion they will fometimes pick out on purpofe
) when thi
Prie3 returns, they (hall be fure to hear of it, and fraar
fit ir, yea, and the Officers themfelves peradventure
bi
wfhipt in the Church, by the Piiefts order and appoint
ment i againft whom they dare not ipeak, but wiliinglj
accept what Stripes and PunHhment he lays, on them
fudging his Wifdom, Sentence, and puniihing Hand, th<
Wildom, Sentence and Hand of God whom as they hav< •,

been taught to be over ail Princes, Judges, worldly Offi.

cers fo likewife they believe, ( and have been fo taught;
that his Priefts and Minifters are above theirs, and all world-
ly Power and Authority. If hapned to me living in
the Town of Mixto, that an Indian being judg'd to
be whipt for fome Diforders, which he committed,
would not yieid to the Sentence, but appeal'd to me, fay-
ing he would have his ftripes in the Church, and by my or-
der, for fo he fa id his whipping wouid do him good, as
coming from the hand of God. When he was brought
fo me, Í could not reverie the Indians Judgment, for
it
lap. XIX. of the Weft^Indies . 329
and fo caus'd him (o be whipt, which he
was juft,

>k very patiently and merrily, and after kifs'd

my hands
gave me an Offering of mony for the good
he faid I
i

d done his Soul, Befides this Civility of Juftice a-

wgil them, they live as in other Civil
and Politick
moft of their
d well-governed Common- wealths > for in
Dwns, there are fome that profefs fuch
Trades as are
a&iced among There are among them
Spaniards.
niths, Taylors, Carpenters,Mafons, Shoomakers, and the
It was my fortune to fet upon
a hard and difficult
;e.
I defir'd to make
iíding in a Church of Mixco, where
broad and capacious Vault over the Chappel,
very
hich was the harder to be finiiht in a
round Circumfe-
depended on a Triangle yet for this
nce, becaufe it ;

ork I fought none but Indians] fome oí the

Town, fome
om other places, who made it fo compleat, that the belt
id skilfulleftworkmen among the Spaniards had enough
) wonder at. So are moft of their Churches vaulted on
ie top, and all by Indians 5
they only in my time built
new Cloiftet in the Town of Amatitlan, which they fi-
iftit with many Arches of Stone both in the lower Walks
nd in the upper Galleries, with as much Perfe$ion
as the

eft Cloiikr of Guatemala, had

before been built by the
Spaniard. Were they more incouragtd by the Spaniards*
nd taught better Principles both for Soul and Body,
hey would among thtmielves make a very
good Com-
non~ wealth. For painting they are much inclined to it,
nd moft Pi&ures, and Altars of the Country Towns
ire their Workrrnnihip.
In moft of their Towns they have
1 School, where they are taught to read, to ting, and
ome to Write. To the Church there belong according
is the Town is in bigntfs,
fo many Singrs, and Trumpe-

ters, and Waits, over whom the

Prielt has one Officer,

who is called Fifcal; he goes with a white Staff with

a little Silver Crofs on the top
to reprefeni the Church, and
[hew that he is the Priells Clerk and Officer. When any
Cafe is brought to be examin'd by
the Prieft, this Filial

cr Clerk executes Juiiice by the Piicíts older. Be mull be

one
 3?o A New Survey Chap. XD
one that can read and write, and is
iter of Mufick,
commonly the
He is bound on the Lords day
M
an
Saints days, to gather to the Church
before and afl
Service all the Youths and Maids,
and to teach thei
th.e Prayers Sacraments,
Commandments, and other poini
of Catechifm, aliow'd by the Church of
Rome. In ch
morning he and other Muficians at the found
of the Be
are to come to the Church to fing
and officiate a
Mais, which in many Towns they perform
with Organ
and other Mufica! inftrumenis, ( as has been
obferv'd be
fore) as well as Spaniards. So likewifc at evening a
live a dock they are again to refort
to Church, whe
the Bell calls to prayers, which they
call Completa'*
or Completory, with Salve Regina, a Prayer
to the Vir
gin Mary. This Fifcal is a great man
in the Town
and bears more fway than the Maiors, Jurates,
and pthe
Officers of Juftice, and when the Prieft
js pleafed, give
attendance to him, goes about his errants,
appoints fuel
are to wait on him when he tides out of
¡as
Town. Botl
he and all that belong to the Church, are exempt fron
the common weekly Service of the Spaniards, and
fron
giving attendance to Travellers, and from
other Offi
cers of Juftice. But they are to attend with their Waits
Trumpets and Mufick, on any great man or
Prieft thai
comes to their Town, and to make Arches with
Bough*
and Flowers in the Streets for their Entertainment.
Befidei
ihefe, thofe alio that belong to the
Service of the Prieft*
houfe, are privileged from the Spaniards Service. Now
the PrieftChange of Servants by the Week, whe
has
take meir turns fo, that they may have a
Week or two
to do their own Work. If it be a great Town, he
has
three Cooks aliow'd him, (if a fmail Town,
but two
men Cooks who change their turns, except he have any oc-J
cafion of Feafting, then they come.
all So likewife he
has two or three more ( whom they call Cbahal ) as But-
lers, who keep whatfoever Provifion is in the houfe under
Lock and key i and give the Cook what the Prieft ap-
points to bedrefs'd for his dinner or fuppcr
¿ thefe
keep
lap.XIX. ^tfce Weft-Indies: 33 V
p the Table-Cloths,
Napkins, Difties, and Trenchers,
I lay the Cloth, and tike
awäy, and wait at 1 able i
in great Towns halt
has befides three or four, and
wait at Table, and
iozen Boys to do his errants,
the houfe all the Week by tarns,
who with
v in
and Butlert dine and fup conftantly nf the
Cooks
Dinner
efts and at his charge. He hath alfo at
houfe,
i

1 Sapper- times the*rttendance of fome

old Women (who
a dozen young Maids,
¡ take their turns) to overfee half
houfe meet make him and
to
10 next the Prieft's

;family tortillas or Cakes of Maiz, which the Boys

in* hot to the Table by half a
dozen at a time. Befides
he have a Garden, he is allowed two or
efe Servants, if
and for his Stable, at leaft half a dozen
ree Gardners i

dims, who morning and evening are to bring torn Ai-

for his Mules
re -(ai they call it J or Herb and grafs
s but the
groom ot
id Horfes, thefe diet not in the houfe
who comes Morning, atNoon and Evening,
,e Stable,
or at any time
and therefore are three or four to change )
will ride out thefe I (ay and
•,
the Gardners
lat the Prieft
when theywork) dine and fup at the Priefts charges,
a dozen
.ho fometimes in great Towns has above
) feed and provide for. There are befides belonging
( the Church privilege! from the weekly attendance on
two or three Indians, called Saciffiains,
wno
ie Spaniards,
Cloths* and
secare of the Veftry and Copes, and Altar-
Altar or Altars for Mafsi alio
very day make ready the
the Saints, or Vir-
o every Company or Sodality of
gin,there are two or three, whom they call Major-
íomo's, gather about the Town, Alms for
who mam»
about
aining ofthe Sodality i thefe alfo gather Eggs
week, and give him an ac-
the Town for the Prieft every
month, or
-ount of their gatherings, and allow him every
fortnight, two Crowns for a MaCs to
be fung to the

Saint. , ¿
If there be any Fiihing- Place near the
Town, then the
Prieft alfo is allowed for to feek him Fiih
in iome places
r half á dozen Indians,
"""
three or four , and
befide the Offerings
m
in
'
•
 ;

3 ?
* '¿ Mr» &r% Cfiap. XIX,
in the Church, and many other Offering? which they
bring
whenfoever they come to fpeak to the
Prieft, or con!
Ids with him, cr for a Saints Feaft
to be celebrated
and befide their Tithes of every thing, there
is a month'
ly Maintenance in mony
allow»* to the Pried, and
brought to him by the Alcaldes, or Mayors,
and Jurates,
which he fets his hand to in a book of the
Towns Ex-
pences. This Maintenance though it be allow'd by
( the
Spanijh Magiftrate, and paid in the
Kings Name for the
preaching of the Gofpcl
J yet it comes out of the poor 7«.
dtans Purfes and Labour, and is
either gather'd about the
Town, or taken out of the tribute paid to the
King
©r from a common Plat of Ground
which with the
help of all is fow'd and gather' d in,
and fold for that
purpofe. All the Towns in America, which are civiliz'd
and under the Spanijh Government, belong
either to the
Crown, or to fome' Lords, whom they call Enco-
mendero's, and pay a yearly Tribute to them. Thofe
that are tenants to their Lords or Encomendero'*
( who
commonly are fuch as defcend from the rirlt conqueren)
pay yet to the King fome fmall Tribute in
Mony, befide
what they pay in other kind of commodities unto their
own Encomendero, and in mony alfo. There is no Town
fo poor, where every married Indian
doth not pav at
leaft four Rials a year, for
Tribute to the King, befide
other four Rials toLord or Encomendero. And if
his
the Town pay only to the King, they
payat leait fix, and
in fome places eight Rials by Statute,
befide what other
commodities are common to the Town or Country
where
they live, as Maiz, ( that is paid in
all Towns j Hony,
Turkeys, Fowls, Salt, Cacao, Mantles of Cotton-wool
and the like commodities they pay who are fubjeót to
an
Encomendero, But fuch pay Mony, not Commodi-
only
ties to the King. The Mantles of Tribute are much e-
fleemed cf, for they are choif;
ones and of a bigger fize
than others, fo iikewife is the Tribute Cacao, Acht-
otte, and Codinil s fbir the belt is fet apart for the
Tribute i and if the Indians bring what is not prime
good
lap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies: 3 33
they (hall furely be laih'd and fent
back for betted
,d

e Heads of the feveral

Tribes have care to gather it, and
deliver it to the Alcaldes and
Regidores, Mayors and
carry it either to the Kings Exchequer in
the
rates who
ty, or to the ncareft Spamfh Jwflice ( if it belong to
1 King) or to the Lord, or Encomendero of the
)wn. In nothing I ever perceived the Spaniards mer-
ul and indulgent to the Indians,
but in this, that if
notable
Indianbe very weak, poor., and fickly, and
or 70 years of age, he is freed irom
work,
ying any Tribute. There be alfo fome Towns pri-

leg'd from Tributes which are thofe which can

this
llazcallan, or
ove themfelves to have defcended from
Dm certain Tribes or Families of or about Mexico, who
:lp'd the firft Spaniards in the
conqueft of that Country,
are very
s their Carriage and Behaviour, the Indians
for
mrteous and loving, of a timerous nature,
and wil-
ngtoferve and to obey, and to do good, if they be
drawn
Love-, but where they are too much tyrannize over, they
f

re dogged, unwilling to
pleafe, or to work and will =>

loofe rather Strangling and Death than Life.

They are
ery trufty, and never were known to commit any Robbe-
v of importance i fo that the Spaniards dare truft to
night, though they
bide with them in a Wildernefs all
,ave Bags of gold about them. So for Secrecy they are
ery clofe i and will not reveal any
thing againft their own
if they be
íatives, ora Spaniards Credit and Reputation,
ny way affeäed to him. But above all to their Prieft
hey are very refpe&ful ; and when they come
fpeak to him, put on their beit clothes, ftudy

heir Complements and Words to him. They

pleafe

ire very abundant in their

Expreffions, and full of Gircum»
locutions adorn'd with Parables and Simile's to exprefs
Mind and Intention. I have often fat ftill
their
an hour, only hearing fome old women make their

Speeches me, with fo many Elegancies in their

to
Tongue ( which in Englijh would be Nonfenfe or basba-
lous Expreffions ) as would make me wonder, and
learn
 ,

J ? 4 A New Survey Chap. XIX

by their Speeches more of their Language, than by any o-
ther Endeavour orftudyof mine own. And if I could
re-
ply to them in the like Phrafesand Expreffions (which 1

would often endeavour) I ihould be fure to win

theii
hearts, and get any thing from them.
As for their Reli-
gion they are outwardly fuch as the Spaniards,
but in-
wardly hard to believe what is above Senfe,
Nature, and
the vitlble Sight u( the Eye i and many of
them to this day
incline to worihip Idols of Stocks and
Stones, and are gi'
ven to much Superftition, and to obfeive crofsWays,
and
meeting of Beafts in them, the flying of Birds, their
appear-
ing and iinging near their houfesat fuch and
fuch times
Many are given to Witchcraft, and are deluded by the De-
vil to believe that their life depends on the Life of fuch
and fuch a Beaft ( which they take to them as their fa-
miliar Spirit) and think when that beaft dies they muft
die i when he is chafed,
their hearts pant, when he
is faint they are faint nay it happens that by the De-
i

vils deluilon they appear in theOiapeof

that Beaft, (which
commonly by their choice is a Buck, or Doe, a Lion,
or
Tigre, Dog, or Eagle ) and in that Shape have
been (hot
at and wounded, as I Ihall (new in the
Chapter following.
And for this reafon fas 1 came to underftand by fome of
them ) they yield to the Popiih' Religion, efpecially
to
the worihiping of Saints Images, becaufe they look up.
on them as much like their Forefathers Idols i and
fecondly, becaufe they fee fome of them
painted with
Beafts \ as Hierom with a Lion, Anthony with
an Afs, and
other wild beafts, Dominic^ with a Dog, Bias with aHog,
M^with a Bull, and John with an Eagle, they are more
confirmed in their Deluiions, and think verily
thofe Saints
were ot their Opinion, and that thofe Beafts were their fa-
miliar Spirits in whofe ihape they alfo were transform^
when they lived, and with whom they died.
All Indians
are much affeóred to thefe Popiih Saints,
but efpecially
thofe which are given to Witchcraft, and
out of the fmall-
neis of theft means they will be fure to
buy fome of thefe
Saints and bring them to the Church,
that there they
may
hap.
4
XIX. of the WeiWndies. 5 j j
iy ftand and be worihipt by
them and others. The
lurches are full of them, and they are plac'd upon
ands gilded or painted, to be carried in Proceffion

1 mens Shoulders, on their proper Day. And hence

mes no little profit to the Príefis i for on fuch
ints days, the owner of the Saint makes a great
:aft in the and prefents the Prieft fome-
Town,
mes two or thice, fometimes four or five «owns for
s Mafs and Sermon, befides a Tuiky and three or four
dwIs, with as much Gacao as will fervc to make him Cho-
>late for all the whole Ottave or eight days
following.
that in fome Churches, where there are at lcaft forty
)

: thefe Saints Statues and Images, they bring the Prieft

: leaft forty pounds a year. The Prieft therefore is very
-atchful over thofe Saints days, and fends warning be»
>re-hand to the Indian/ of the day of their Saint, that
iey may provide themfelves for the better celebrating
: both at home and in the Church. If they contsi-

ute not bountifully, then the Pritft will chide, and

ireaten that he will not preach. Some Indtant through
•overty have been unwilling to contribute any thing at
11, or to folemnize in the
Church and at his Houfe his
aints day, but then the Prieft hath threatned to caii his
iaints Image out of the Church, faying that the Church
lught not to be filled with fuch Saints as are unprofitable
Soul and Body, and that in fuch a Statues room one
nay fland, which may do more good by occafioning a fo-
efnn Celebration of one Day moie in the year. So like-
vife if the Indian that own d one of thofe Images die and
eave Children, they are to take care of that Saint as pare
1 their Inheritance, and to piovide that his Day be kept;
jut if no Son or heirs be left, then the Prieft calls for
the Heads of thefeveral Tribes, and for the chief Offi-
cers and makes a Speech to them, wherein
of Juftice,
he declares that part of the Church» ground is taken up
in vain by fuch an Image, and his Stand, without any
piofit either to the Prieft, the Church, or the Town, no
Heir or Owner being left alive co provide for that Orphan-
Saint
 3 jó J New Survey .
Chap. XIÍ
Saint, to own and that in caie they will not íetk 01
it ;

who may take charge of him, and of his day, the Prie
will not fuffer him to ftand idle in his Church, like thoi
whom our Saviour in the Gofpel rebuked, ghtid bic ñau
tota die otiofi ? for that they ftood idle in the Market all th
day ( thefe very have I heard from fom
exprefiions
Friers; and therefore that he muft baniih fuch a Saints Pi
clure out of the Church, and mud deliver him up befor
them into the Juftices hands to be kept by them in th
Town-houfc, till fuch time as he may be bought and ow
ned,by fome good Chnftian. The Indians when they hea
thefc Expnííions, begin to fear, lelifome Judgment ma
befal their Town for fufifcring a Saint to be excommuni
catedand caft out of their Church, and therefore prefen
the Prieil: iome offering for' his Prayers to the Saint
that he may do them no harm, and defire him to limi
them a time to bring an Anfwer for the difpofing o
that Saint (thinking it will prove a
Difparagement an<
Affront to their Town, if what once hath belong'd tc
the Church, bs now out, and delivered up to the Sécula
Power ) and that in the mean time, they will find ou
fome good Chriftian, of the neereft Friends and Kindrec
iojiim or them who firft own'd the Saint, or elfe fom<
Stranger, who miy buy that Saint oí the «Prieft ("w
he continue in the Church ) or of the Secular Power ( if hi
becaft out of the Church and deliver'd up to them
which they are unwilling to yield to, having been taughi
of Judgments in fuch cafe like to befal them ) and may
by fome fpeedy Feaft and Solemnity appeafe the Saints An-
ger towards them, for having been fo flighted by the
Town. Alas poor Indians^ what will they not be brought
to by thpfe Fryers and- Priefts, who ftudy nothing but
their own ends, and to enrich themfelves from the Church
and Altar their Policies ( who are the wife and pru-
\

dent Children of this World fpoken of in the Gofpel J

can eafily overtop and mafter the Simplicity of the pooi
Indians i who rather than they will bring an Affront
upon their Town, by fufleiing their Saints to be call out o(
the if
:/iap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. 3 tf
ieir Church, or to be with
mony redeem'd out of the Se-
llar Powers hands, will make hail to prefent him an

-wner of that orphan- Siint, who tor him

(hall give

ie Prieft only what he may be priz'd to be worth in a

Enters Shoo for the work man (hip, Gold and Colours
what he-
longing to 'him ; but betides (hall prefent him
re has been obferv'd, for the
folemnizing of his Feaii
profit than hi-
hefe Feafts biing yet to the Saints more
lertohas been fpoken of \ for the Indians have been

ught that on fuch days they ought to offer fome-

hat to the Saints and therefore they prepare either
;

ony f fome a Rial, fome two, fome more j or elfe

com-
only about Guatemala white Wax candies, and in other
the Image
aces Cacao, or Fruits, which they lay before
:
the Saint, whiWt Mafs is celebrating. Some Indians

inga bundle of Candles of a dozen tied together, of

ials apiece fome, olióme three or four for a Rial, ar.fl

ill, if let alone, light them all and burn

together,

lem out, fo that the Prieft at the end of the Mils

ill rind nothing but the Ends. Therefore f knowing

ell the ways of Policy and Covetoufnefs ) he charges
\c Church Officers , whom I faid before were call d
fuffer the
daynrdomo's,. to look to the Offerings, and not
Ew/wio bring Candles, to light more than one before
le Saint, and to leave the other before him unlighted (na-
ing formerly taught them, that the Saints arc as well plea-
id with their whole Candles as with their burnt Candles )

It fo he may have the more to fell and make mony of. Afc-
;r Mafs the Prieit and the
Mayordomos take and fweep a-
rayfrom the Saint whatfoever they find hath fcfecn oífer'dí
im i fo that femetimes in a great Town on fuch a
.

aints day the Prieft may have in mony

twelve or
wenty Rials, and fifty or a hundred Candles, which
aay be worth twenty or thirty Shillings, befides fome Ends
nd Pieces, Molt of the Fryers aboui Guatemala are with
tiefe Offerings as well ftorM with Candles, as is any
Vax-chandlers (hop in the City» And the fame Can*
Iks which thus they receiv'd by Gifeungs , they
Z - need
3$8 A New Survey Chap, XI}
need not care to fell away to Spaniards, who come ;

bout to buy them ( though fome will rather fell them togi
ther to fuch, though cheaper, that their mony may con
in air at once ) for the Indians themfclves when they wai
again any Candles for the like Feaft, or for a Chriftenin
and Womans Churching ( at which times they al:
for a
Candles ) will buy their own again of the Prieft, wr
offer
fometimes receives the fame Candles and Mony for the
again five or fix times. And
becaufe they find the 1
dians incline much to this kind of Offerings,
and th
they are fo profitable to them, the Fryers much pre
upon the Indians in their Preaching this Point of the
Religion,and Devotion. But if you demand of thefe ign
rant but zealous Offerers, the Indians, an account
any point of Faith, they give you little or none. Tl
M) fiery of the Trinity, and/of the Incarnation of Chri
and our Redemption by him is too hard for them th -,

will only anfwer what they have been taught in a Catechii

of Quefiions and Anfwers \ but if you ask them if they t
lieve inch a point of Chriftianity, they will never anfw
affirmatively, but only thus, Perhaps it may befo. Th
are taught there the Doctrine of Rome, that Chriiis bo<
is truly and really prefent in the Sacrament, and i

Bread in Subftance, but only the Accidents i if the wif

Indian be ask'd, whether he believe this, he will anfwi
Perhaps it may be fo. Once an old Woman, who w
held to be very religious in the Town of Mixco, car
to me about receiving the Sacrament, and whilft I w
inftruéring her, I asked her if fhe beiiev'd that Chri
Body was in the Sacrament, ihe anfwer'd, Peradventure
may be io. A little while after to try her and get her o
of this firain and common anfwer, I askt her what at
who was in the Saciament which ihe receiv'd from t
Priefts hand at the Altar, ihe anfwer'd nothing for a whi
and at laft I prefs'd her for an affirmative Anfwer
and then (he began to look about to the Saints in tl
Church, ( which was dedicated to St. Dominic^
and, as it feem'd, being trouble and doubtful wh
¡hap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. }? 9
fay, atlaft (he cafther eyes
upon the high Airar i but
feeing {he delay'd the time, askt
her again, who was in
Vormnic^ who
e Sacrament ? to which (he reply'd, St.
and Town. At this I Imi-
as the Patron of that Church
fimple
L and would yet further try her Simplicity with a
faw St. Vominick was PMnjcdwith
ueftion. I toldher (he
Dog by him Torch in his mouth,and the Globe
holding a
this
World at his feet i I askt her, whether
all
F the
ere with St.PiwmM.in the Sacrament?
To which ufé

líwer'd, pcrKaps it
wherewith I began to
might be fo ;

her. But my Inftru&iom nor all

lide and inftiuft
te Teaching and Preaching
of thofe Spmi(b trufa hath
they are
;t wellgrounded them in Principles of Faith i
of God, or or Hea-
all and heavy to believe or apprehend
conceive.
en, more than with Senfe pr reafon they can
the Spaniards run,
r
et they eo and run that way they fee
Idolatrous Pnefts : Who
nd as they are taught by their
ave taught them much Formality, and fo they are ( as
ur Formalifts formerly in England )
very formal but little
that when
Mantial in Religion. They have been taught
offer fomewhat to the
hey cometo ConfeíTion, they rriuft

Heft, and and Alms, thdrSins (hah be

that by their gifts
formally obferve, that
Doner forgiven s this they' do fo
cfpecially in Lent,
i^henfoevcr they come to Confeffion,
come with empty hands i lome
lone of them dares to
Fowls tome
iring Mony, feme Hony, fomc Eggs, lome
fome one thing fome another, fo that the
iih, fome Cacao,
his pains in hear-
>rieft has a plentiful haxveft in Lent for
ng their Confeffion*. They have been taught that alio
Communion, they mult furely eve-
when they receive the
the Prieft, ( iurely
England
ry one eive at leaft a Rial to
ivas never taught in America
to buy the Sacrament with
yet this Cuttom is too mucn pra-
i two-pence off«ing,and
they perform
ftifed and preffedupon the people J which
feme poor Indian/, wno have tor
fo, that I have known
to the Communion
a Week or two foiborn coming
Rial Offering. It is to be wood ed
till they could get a
by Oon-
what thePriefts get from thofe poor Wretcies
2, 2 idiots
 J

340 A New Survey CÍÍap. XI

feflion and Communion Rials in great Towns, whe
they deny the Sacrament to none that will receive Í

( and in iome Towns I have known a thoufand Cor

municants ) and force all above twelve and thirteen yea
of age to come to Contellion in the Lent. They are v
ry formal alio in obferving Romes Maunday-Thurfda
and Good-Friday, and then they make their Monuments ar
Sepukhers, wherein they fet their Sacrament, and watch
all day and night, placing before it a Crucifix on tl
ground, with two bafins on each fide to hold the (ingle i

double Rials, which every one mull offer when he com

creeping on his knees , and bare- footed to kiis Chril
hands, feet, and fide. The Candles which for that d<
and night and next morning are burn'd at the Sepukh:
are bought with another Contribution- Rial, which is
g
ther'd from houfe to houfe from every Indian for that pui
pofe. Their Religion is a dear and lick- penny Religio
for fuch poor Indians , and yet are carried along i

it formally and perceive it not. They are taught th;

they muft remember the Souls in Purgatory, and therefo]
that they muft caft their Alms into a Cheft, which ftanc
for that purpofe in their Churches, whereof the Prie
keeps the key, and opens it when he wants Mony, c
when he pleafes. I have often open'd fome of thofe Chen
and have found in them many (ingle Rials, fome ha
Pieces of Eight, and fome whole puces of Eigh
And becaufe what is found in the high-ways, muftbi
long to fome body, if the true Owner be not knowr
fhey have been taught that (uch Monies or goods b<
long alfo to the Souls departed ó wherefore the Indians fur<
(
ly more for Fearor Vanities fake that they may be we
thought on by thePrieft; if they find any thing loft wi
beftow it on the Souls furer than the Spaniards themfelvc
(who if they find a Purfe loll will keep it, ) and wi!
bring it either to the Pricft or cali it into the Cheft. Ai
Indian of Mixco had found a Patacón or Piece or Eight ii
a «igh-way, and when became to Confeílion, hegav
it me, telling me he durft not keep if, left the Soul
¿houl<
hap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. 341
fe-
>uld appear tohim, and demand it. So upon the
they All'Sptttf-d*y they
nd day of November which
call x
*4o-
iextraordinary fooliih and fuperftitious in offering
i Fowls, Eggs and Maíz, and other Commodities
for

1 Souls Good, but it proves for the Profit of the Prieit,

Mafs wipes away to his Chamber all
that
io after
poor gull'd and deluded Indians had offer
d
lich the
fouls, which needed neither Mony, Food, nor
thofe
y other provtfion, and
he fills his Purfe, and pampers
I Belly with it. A Fryer that liv'd in Petapa boafted
had
me once that on their AÍl'Souls-áiy, his Offerings
én about a hundred Rials, two
hundred Chickens and
iwls, half a dozen Turkeys,
eight buihels of Maiz, three
being
mdredeggs, tour Sontles oí Cacao f every Sontle
üt hundred Grains) twenty
Clutters of Phintms, above
Bread,
hundred Wax-Candles, beilde fome Loaves of
up sc-
d other Trifles of Fruits. All which Cammed
rdine to the price of things there, and
with confidc-
tion of the Coin there ( half a Rial, or three pence
the leaft Coin ) mounts to above Eight
Pounds
ing there
a Mafs,
our Mony, a fair and goodly Stipend for
Work a politick ground
ave Wages for half an hours ;

*
that Error of Purgatory, if the dead
bring the li-
Chripnas^
ng Prieft fuch Wealth in one day only.
of thofe holy-days is no lefs fuperluti-
ly with the rett

obferv'd by thefe Indians S for againft that

time
jfly

ley frame and fet in fome corner of their Church a little

latch'd Houfe like a Stall, which they call Bethlehem,
ritha blazing Star over it, pointing to the three Sage
íen from the Estft h within this Stall they lay in a
irib, a Child made of Wood,
painted and gilded (who
¡prefents Chrift new born Jby him ftands Mary on one

de, and Jaféph on the other-, and an Afs likewife

n one fide and an on the other, made by hands,
Ox
fhe three wife' the Eaft kneel before the Crib
men of
fferingGold, Frankincenfe and Myrrh, the Shepherds
-gifts, fome a Kid,
tand aloof offering their Country
lome
ome a Lamb, fome Milk, fome gheefe and Cuids,
2 1 FiWi
mm
Y^z J New Survey Chap XIX
Fruits, the fields are alio there reprefented with Flocks (
Sheep and Goats j the Angels they hang about the ítall ibm
with Viols, iome with Lutes, fome with Harps, a goodl
mumming and filen t Stage- play, to draw thoie fimple Sou
to look about, and to delight their Senfes and Fantafies i
the Church.
There is not an Indian that comes to fee that fuppofe
Bethlehem, (arid there is not any in the Town but comí
to fee it ) who brings not Mony or fomewhat ell

for his Offering. Nay the Policy of the Priefts hi

been fuch, thai ( to up the Indians with
fiir the
Saints Example ) they have taught them to bring the
Saints on all the holy-days,till Twelfth-day in Procedió
to this Bethlehem to offer their Gifts, according to tr
number of the Saints that fiand in the Church, fome da]
there come five, feme days eight, fome days ten, dividin
them into fuch order, that by Twelfth-day all may hav
come and orTcr'd, fome Mony, fome one thing, fome anc
then The Owner of the Saint, comes before the Sair
with his Friends and Kindred f if there be no Sodality o
Company belonging to that Saint J and being well apps
relied for that purpofe,he bows himfelf and kneels to th
Crib, and then riiing takes from the Saint what he bring
and leaves it there, and fo departs. But if there be
Sodality belonging to the Saint, then the Mayordomo
or chief Officers of that Company come before the Sain i

and do homage, and offer as before hss been faid. Bi

on twelfth day the Alcaldes, Majors, Jurares and otht
Officers mn ft offer after the Example of the Sainrs, an
the three wife men of the Eaii ( whom the Church c
Rome teaches to have been Kings ) becaufe they reprtfer
the Kings Power and Authority. And all thefe. days the
have about the Town and in the Church a dance ot She¿:
herd?, who at Chrifimas Eve at midnight bfgin before thi
and then they rnuit offer a Sheep among then
Jitthlfhem^
Othersdance cloth'd like Angels and with Wings, and a
«odraw the people more to leg Sights in the Church, thai
to woiihip God in Spiiit arid in Trufh.
1

Cano lemas- da
 d

hap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. 34$

„olefs rupetfiitioufly obferv'di (°**™^ «gf UP
¿
« comes in P.oceflion to the Altar,
Tuttle-Doves to the Pri.tr,
and offers

'"Candles and Pigeons, or

bringthcl.
imitate her Example,and
d all the Town mutt
be blelted and hollow'd; of four or five, or
mdles to
be rclWd to t m,
many as they bring, one only (hall Prieft,
they are blefs'd, all the rett are for the
:aufe
to buy them and
w hom
ie
the
more than ordinary,
India,, tefott
becaufe they
after
hallow m
Whitfuntide they have another Sight, an J hat i

mdles. Ac
the Holy
in the Church alfo,
whilft a Hymn is fung of
his Fac
before the Altar with
the Prieft (landing
oft
o let fall a Dove
rn'd to the people, they have a dev.ee
Flowers, and
m above over his head well drefs'd with
purpofe
above half an hour, from holes made fot the

« drop down flowers about the Prieft

Owing the gifts
Ghoft to him, which Examplethe ignorant and
the Holy
offering alfo their
uple Indians are willing to imitate,
year do thofe Priefe and
Fry-
fts Thus
to him. all the
for their ends, enriching
's delude the poor people _

Rel.gion in meet Po-

lemfelves with their Gifts, placing
confift inore.
and thus doth the Indians Religion £
W
cy ;
than in true Subftance.
¡Shis, Shews and Formalities,
meat mult have four Shuce i fo this Sweemefs
iut as
the Church hath us four
pleating Delight of Shews in
I
auce once a year ( befides the
foumefs of poverty which
to the Prieft ) for, to
jllows bv Riving fo many gifts
ew that ¡I theft Religion Ihere is <°™f"™>™*
¡ourocfi, they makethe hsiims
whip themfelve the Week
Spaniards, which thofe Simp.es,
«fote Eaftcr, like the

P Men and Women,

3 wn Flefli, that they
perform with inch Cruelty to heir
butcher it, mangle and tear their
Backs,
dud
;

.¡Ufóme fwound,„ay fome (asi

""eUnown j hav
and have feh-murthe d them»
under their own whipping,
tegatd not, becaufe their
Death
felves, which the PiieBs
bring them at leaft three or four Crowns for »
is fute to

and other Offeitn,? ot die»

Mafs for their Souls,

F,iend5 -

i . Thus
 94

1 44 A New Survey Chap XIX.

Thus in Religion they are fuperftitioufly
Jed on, and
blinded in the Obfcrvance of what they
have been taught
more for the Good and Profit of their Priefts, than foi
any Good of their Souls, not perceiving that
their Religion
li a Pohcy to inrich their Teachers. But not only do the
pyers and Priefts live by them and thefweat oftheii
eat
brows i but alfo all the Spaniards, who not only with
ihcii
Work and Service ( being themfelves given to idlenefs
grow wealthy and rich i bat with needlefs offices,
and
_
Authority are MU fleecing them, and taking from
> them that little which they gain
; with much tWnefss
• and Severity.
ThePrefident of Guatemala, the
Judges of that Chance-
ry, the Govemcurs and High Jufticcs of ether parts of the
Country, that they may advance and inrich
their men al ;

Servants, make the poor Indians the

Subject of their
bounty towards fucb. Some have Offices
to vifit as often
as they pleafe their Towns, and fee
what every Indian
narh lowed of Maíz, for the maintenance
of his Wife and
Children Others vifit what Fowls they
•,

keep for the good

and itere or the Country i others havc
order to fee
whether their Houfes be decently kept and
their Beds or-
cerly plac'd
according to their Families ; others
have
power to call them cut to repair the Highways,
and
others have Commiffion to number the Families and
Inhabitants of the feveral Towns, to fee how they
jncreaje, that their Tribute may not decreafe, but ftill
be raifed. And all this thofe Officers never perform
but !o, that for their pains they
muft have from every
vidian an Allowance to bear their
Charges, ( which indeed
are none at all ) for as Ion* as they ilay
in the Town, they
cali tor wnat Fowls and provifon they pleafe without
pay-
ing for it When they come to number the Towns they
callby Lift every Indian and caufe his
Children, Sons and
Uaughttrs to be brought before them, to
fee if they be
ht to be married * and if they be oi
growth and Age,
and be not married, the Fathers are th
reamed for keep-
Hag them, unmarried, and as idle live
without paying
Tribute >
mpj XIX. of the WeíWndies. 345
ibutev and according to the number of the Sons and
lUghters that are marriageable, the Fathers Tribute
rais'd and increas'd, till they provide Husbands and
Sons and Daughters, who as foon as they are
ives for their
uricd, are chargd with Tribute-, which that it may in-
:afe, they furfer none above fifteen years of age to
c unmarried. Nay the fet Age oí Marriage appointed
: the Indians, is fourteen years for the Man, and
¡rfctn for the Woman, alledging that they are fooner
•e for the fruit of Wedlock, and fooner ripe in Know-
Ige and Malke, and Strength for Work and Service,
an any other People. Nay ibmetimes they force them
marry who are fcarce twelve or thirteen years of age 3
they find them well lirnb'd, and íireng, explicating
of one of Romes Canons, which allows four»
Point
nifi malina fttppleat At mm.
en and fifteen years, When
my felf iiv'd in finóla * that Town by order of
on Juan de Guzman, ( a great Gentleman of Guá-
rnala, to whom it belong'd ) was numbred, and an
cieale of tributary Indians was a^ded to it by this
leans. The numbrir* it lafted a full Week, and in that
pace was commanded to joyn in Marriage near twenty
)up!e, which, with thofe that before had been married
nee the lait numbing of it, made up to the Encomendé-
1or Lord of it an inaeafe of about fifty Families. But it
ns a Shame to üe how young fome were that at chit
¡me werefore'd to Marriage, nor could all my ftriving and
eafoning prevail to the contrary, nor the producing
f the Regiiter to (hew their Age, but that fome were
named between twelve and thirteen years of age 5 and
me who in the Regifter was found to be not
efpecially,
itlly of twelve years, whofe Knowledge and Strength of
>ody was jug'd to fupply the want of Age. Thus even
n the moft tree aór oí the Will, ( which ought to be
n marriage ) are thofe poor Indians fore'd and nude Slaves
>y the Spaniards, to fupply with Tribute the Want of their
Purfes, and the meannefs of their Eitates. Yet under
this Yoke and Burden they are cheerful, and much
given
 34^ ¿New Survey Chap. XIX
given to feafting, fporfing and dancing, as they
partial
Jarly mew in the chief Fea-fts o.f their Towns, kept or
that Saints Day to whom their Town is dedicated. And
certainly this Süperftition hath continued alio
in Eng-
land from the Popiih times, to keep Fa'rs in many
ol
our Towns upon Saints days ( which is the intent of the
Papifts to draw in the people and Country by way oi
Commerce and Trading one with another, to honour, wor.
ftup, and pray to that Saint to whom the Town is dedica-
ted ) or elfe why are our Fairs commonly kept upon John
Baptift, James, Peter, Matthew, Bartholomew, Holy Rood,
Lady days, and the like, and not as well a day or two be-
fore or a day or two after, which would be as good and
fir days to buy and fell, as the other ? True it is, our
Re-
formation allows not the worihipping of Saints, yet
that folemn Meeting of people to Fairs and Mirth, and
Sport on thofe days it hath kept and continued, that fo
the Saints and their Days may continue ftill in our remem-
brance. There is no Town in the India's great or fmall
( though it be but of twenty Families ) which is not
dedicated thus to our Lady or fome Saint, and the
remembrance of that Saint is continud in the minds not
only of them that live in the Town, but of all that live
far and near by commercing, trading, fporting and dan-
cing, offering to the Saint, and bowing, kneeling, and
praying before him. Before this day comes, the In-
dians of the Town two or three months have their meet-
ings at night, and prepare themfelvcs for fuch dances as
are commonly ufed among them j and in thefe their
meetings they drink much Chocolatte and Chicha. For
every kind of Dance they have feveral Houfes appointed,
and Mailers of that dance, who teach the reft, that they
may be pctkd in it againft For the
the Saints day.
moft part of thefe two or three months the filence of
the night is unquietcd, with their tinging, with their
hollowing, with their bearing upon the (hells of
riihes, with thár Waits, and with their Piping. And
whin the feaft comes, then they aót pubückly fot
the
hap. XIX. of the WeiUndies: 347
e fpace of eight days, what privately they had pra&i»

1 before. They are that day well apparelled with

Iks, fine Linen, Ribbons, and Feathers, according to
e Dance -, which firft they begin
'
in the Church be-
ne the Saint, or in the Church- yard, and thence all
le Ofiave, or eight days, they
go from houfe to houfe
incing, where they have Chocholate or Tome heady
rink or Chicha given them. All thofe eight days the

own is fure to be full of Drunkards and if they be repre- •,

ended for it i they anfwer, that their heart doth re-

>yce with their Saint in Heaven, and that they mufc
rink to him, that he may remember them. The
hief Dance ufed amongft them is called loncontin,

irhich had been danc'd before the King of Spain, in

he Court of Madrid by Spaniards, who have lived j to
he India's to ihew the King fomewhat of the Indians fa-
hions and it was reported to have pleafed the King ve-
-,

y much. This Dance is thus perfoim'd. The Indians

:ommonly that dance it ( if it be a great Town ) aie thirty
Dr forty, or fewer if it be a fmall Town. They are
:lothed in white, both their Doublets, linen Drawers,
and /States, or Towels, which on the one fide hang ai-
moft to the ground. Their Drawers and Aiates are
wrought with fome works of Silk, or with Birds, or bor-
der'd with fome Lace.* Others procure Doublets and
Drawers and Aiates of Silk, hir'd for that purpofs On
their Backs they hang long Tuffs of Feathers of all

colours, which with g!ew are failned into a little Frame

made for the purpofe, and gilded on the outfide this •>

Frame with Ribbands they about their Shoulders faft

tie

that it fall not, nor flacken with the motion of their

bodies. On their Heads they we¿r another lefs Tuff
of Feathers cither in their Hats, or in fome gilded or
painted Head-piece, or Helmet. In their Hands they
carry a Fan of Feathers, and on their Feet rooft uie
Feathers bound together] like ihort Wings of Birds >

fome wear (hoes, iome not. And thus iroro top to toe

they are almoft cover'd with curious co]oui'd Feathers»

'
• '
•
Theif
 H8 VNem Sumy Chap. XIX
Their Mufick and Tune to this dance is only
what is mad
with a hollow Stock of a Tree, rounded, and
well pare
within and without, very fmooth ana ihining,fome
fbu
times thicker than our Viols, with two or three Ion
clefts on the upper fide ar.d fome holes at (he end whia
they Tepanabaz.
call On this Stock (which is ¿la'J
on a Stool or form in the middle of the India*?
) th
Mafter of the Dance beats with two fticks, covered
wit
Wool at the ends, and a pitcht Leather over the Woe
that it fall not away.
With this Inrtrument blowinj
on it ( which founds but dull and heavy, but fome
what loud ; he gives the Dancers their (everal Tunes, am
Changes, and Signs of the motion of their Bodies
eithc:
itraight or bowing, and gives them warning what anc
when they are to iing.
Thus they Dance in Compafs anc
Circle round about that Inftrumenf, one following
ano-
ther fometimes ftraight, fometimes turning about,
fome-
times turning half way, fometimes bending their bodtei
and with the Feathers in their Hands almoit touching the
ground, and íínging the Life of that their Saint, or of fome
other. AH this Dancing is but, a kind of walking
round,
which they will continue two or three whole hours toge-
ther in one Place, and from thence go and perfoim the
fame
at another Houfe.
This Toncmtn the chief and principal only of the
Town dance, it was the old Dance which they ufed
before they knew Chriftianity, except that then, inftead
of tinging the Saints Lives, they fmg the Praifcs
of
their heathen Gods. They have another Dance much
ufcd which is a kind of hunting out fome wild
Beait
(which formerly in time of Heathen ifm was to be facrir?
ced to their Gods) to be orTer'd to the Siint. This
Dance hath much vfriety of Tunes, with a fmall Telxmaf
hat,, and many (hells of Tortoife, or inftead of
them with
Pots covered with Leather, on which they ftrke as
on
Tepanabaz, and with the found of Pipes > in this Dance
they ufe much hollowing and noifc and calling one
?o another, and fpeaking by way of Stage-play, fome
relating
 ,

:hap. XIX. of the Weft-Indies. 3 4?

concerning the Beaft
latine one thing, fome another
cy hunt thefe Dancers are cloth'd like Beafts,
after i

¡th painted Skins of Lions, Tigers, Wolves, and on their

the Heads of fuch
;ads fuch Headpieces as may repsefent
on otheis wear painted Heads of Eagles, or
!afts, and
they have pain-
>wls of Rapine, and in their hands
Staves, Bills, Swords and Axes,
wherewith they
d
reaten to kill that Beaft they hunt after. Others in-

:adoi hunting after a Beaft, hunt after a Man,

as Beafts

ihould hunt a Man to kill him. This Man

a Wildemefs
lat is thus hunted after muft
be very nimble and agil, as
íe flying for his Life, fcnd (hiking here and there at the
:afts for his defence, whom at laft they catch and make
Piey of. the Toncentin confifts moil of walking and
As
fo this Dance
irning and kafurely bending their bodies,
a Circle round,
oth wholly coniift in Attion, running in
jmetimes out of the Circle, and leaping and ftriking with
\ofe Tools and Inftruments which they
have in their hand,
fcif is a very rude Sport and full of fcrieching and hideous
oife, wherein I never delighted. Another Mexican dance
leyufc, fome cloth'd like Men, others like Women, which
§ Heatheniih times they
did ufe with ringing Praifes to
heir King or Emperor > but now they apply
their fongs

the King of Glory, or to the Sacrament, uting thefe

icommonly the like Words wich very little Difference, and

ome variety of Praife

Salid Mexicanas , bailad ToncotiM.

Canfalus galanas en cuerpo gwtil- And again,
Salid Mexicanas bailad loncontin .

Al Rey de la gloria tenemos aquí.

Thus they go round dancings playing in fome places very

well on their Guitars, repeating now and then alcogether

a Verfe or two, and calling the Mexican Dames to come out
to them with their gallant Mantles to fing práfe to their
King of Glory. Befides thefe they have, and ufe our Monis-
dances* and Blackmoor dances, with Sonajas in the» hands,
which
 3J
o ^ Niw Survey Chap. XIX
which are a round fetoffmall Morris-dancing bells, where
with they make variety of founds to their nimble feet. Bu
the Dance which doth draw to it the peoples wondering, i

a Tragedy a&ed by way of Dance, as the death of St. Pete\

orthe Beheading of John the Baptijf. In thefe Dances thci
is an Emperor, or a King Herod with their Queen
cloth'd, another cloth'd with a long loofe Coat who re
prefents St. Peter, or John the iaptifc who while th<
reft dance, walks among them with a book in hi
hand, as if he were faying his prayers, all the reft c
the Dancers are apparell'd like Captains and Soldiers, witl
Swords, Daggers or Halbards in their hands. They danc
at the iound of a fmall Drum and Pipes, fometimes round
fometimcs in length forward, and have and ufe man;
Speeches to the Emperor or King, and among them
felves concerning the apprehending and executing thi
Saint. The King and Queen fit fometimes down to hea:
their pleading againft the Saint, and his pleading foi
himfelf, and fometimes they dance with the reít i and th<
end of their Dance is to crucifie S. Peter downwards rv'tü
his head on a Crofs, or behead John the Baptifi, having
in readinefs a painted Head in a Diih, wich they prefem
to the King and Queen, for joy whereof they all agair
dance merrily and fo conclude, taking down him thai
a&ed Peter from the Crofs. The Indians that dance this
Dance moft of them are fuperfiitious for what they do.
judging as if it were indeed really aéfced and performed
what only is by way of Dance reprefented. When I li-
ved among rhem, it was an ordinary thing for him
who in the Dance was to ac?t St. feter or John the
Baptijl, to come flift to Confeiiion, faying they muft be
holy and pure like that Saintwhom they reprcfent, and
muft prepare themfelves to die. So likewife he that a-
#ed Her'ed or Herodias, and fome of the Soldiers that in
the Dance were to fpeak and toaccufe the Saints, would
afterwards come to confefs of that Sin, and deiire abfo-
lution as from Blood-guiltinefs.
CHAP
 1

hap. XX. efthe Weft-Indies' 35

CHAP. XX.

fy Departure out of Guatemala to learn the

the Poconchi Language and to ¡he ar t

mong the Indians, and of ¡orne particu-

lar Pajfages and Occidents whiljl 1 lived

there.

rjAvingrcad in the Univerfity of Guatemalaíot three

LJ-years fpace a whole courfe of Arts, and having begun
read part of Divinity, the more I fludied and grew in
;nowledge, and the more I controverted by way of Ar-
guments fome Truths and points of ^igion the more I 5

ound the Spirit of Truth inlighining me, and difcovering

he Lies, Errors, Falfities and Superftitionsof the Church
1 Rome. My Confcience was much perplexed and wave-
ring, and I defirous of fome good and full fafis-
ia&ion : which I knew might not be had there i and
that to profefs and continue in any opinion contrary to
the Doctrine of Rome^ would bring me to the ínquiíition,
that Rack of lender Conferences, and from thence to no
lefs then burning alive, in cafe I would not recant
of
what the true Spirit had infpifd into me, The paint of
,

Tranfubftantiation, of Purgatory, of the Popes power

and Authority, of the Merit oí mans Works ? oí his Free Will
to chufeall foul-faving ways, (he Sacrihce of the Mafs, the

hallowing the Sacrament of the Lords Supper to the Lay-

people, the Priefts power to abfolve from fin, the Wor-
ihipping of Saints though with Ahtía^s ihey call it, and
riot with *aJ2«'*>*rid the Virgin Mary with a higher degree

of worihipr than that

of the Saints^ which they call ^¿W**
Che
 35^ A New Survey Chap.XJ
the ftrange Lies and Blafphemies which they call Miraclt
recorded in the Legend and Lives of their Saints, the ir.fi
libility of the Pope and Council, in defining for Truth ar

point of Faith, what in it (elf is falfe and erroneous the •>

Points efpecially, with many more of Romes Policies, ar

the leud Lives of the Prieils, Fryers, Nun?, and thefe
Authority, did much trouble and perplex my Confcienc
which I knew would be better fatisficd if I could retui
again to my own Country ef England ; where I kne
many things were held contrary to the Church of Ron
but what particulars they were, I could not tell, not h;
ving been brought up in the Protelhnt Church, and h
ving been fern young over to St. Omers. Wherefore Í ea
neftly addrefs'd my felf to the Provincial^ and to the Pr<
fident ofGuatemala, for a Licence to come home, but ne
therofthem would yield unto it, beca ufe there was a ftri<
order of the King and Council, that no Pritii fent by h
Majefty to any of the parts of the India* i to preach th
Gofpel, ihould return again to Spain till ten years were en
pired» Hereupon Í feeing my ft If a Prifoner, and withoi
hopes for the pvefent of feeing England in many years, r<
folved to ft ay no move in Guatemala, but to go out to lean
(ome Indian tongue, and to preach in fome of their Towns
Where I knew more mony might be got to help me homt
when the time ihould come, than if 1 did continue to liv
in the Cloifter of Guatemala, Yet in the mean- time
thought it not unfit to write to Spain to a friend of min<
an Englifh Fryer in San Lucar, called Fryer Pablo de Lon
dres, to delire him to obtain for me a Licenfe from the Court,
and from the General of the Order at Rome that I migh
return to Country. In this feafon there was ir
my
Guatemala, Fryer Francifco de Moran, the Prior of Coba)
in the Province of Vera Paz, who was informing the Pre-
fident and whole Chancery, how neceffary it was thai
iome Spaniards ihould be aiding and afíiíUng him for th<
difcovtry oí a way trom that Country to Jucatan, and foi
the fupprailing of fuch barbarous people and Heathens¡
as ftop'd his paifage, and ofon invaded fome Lidiar.
Town!
bap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. j 5 3

wns of Chrittians. This Moran ( being my fpecial

nd, and having been brought up in Spain in the
)ilkr of San Pablo de Valladolid, where my felf was firft
er'd Fryer ) was very defirous of my company along
h him, for the better bringing unto Ghrifiianity thofe
ithens and Idolaters, telling me that doubtlefs in
icw Country, new Trcafure and great Riches was
: to be found, whereof no fmali fhare and propor-
i ihould befal him and me for our pains and ad-
iture. I was not hard to be perfwaded, being a-
re all defirous to convert to Chriiiianity a people
t had never heard of Chriír s and fo purpofed to
fake that honour which I had in ihe Univerfity,
make Chrift known unto that Heathen ifh peo-
to
, The Provincial was glad to fee this my courage,
iCo with fome gifts and many in my purfe, fent me
h Moran to the Vera Paz in the company of 50 Sm
'df> who were appointed by the President to aid and

When we came Cohan we were well refre died

to
I provided for a hardand dangerous enterprise,
>m Cohan we marched to two great Tow^is of
riftians calkd Saint Peter and Saint John, where
added unto us a hundred Indians for our
fur-
re

From thefe Towns two days journey

r affiiiance.
could travel on Mules fafely among Chiiftt-

¡ and fome fmall villages, two days

but after x
the

drew near unto the Heathens Frontiers, Where

re was no more open way for Mules, but we
ift truft unto our feet. We went up and down
amongft Woods for the fpace of
two
mntains-
Thickets and
/s, being much difcour^ged with the
and having no hope of find-
rdnefs of the way,
| oat the Heathens. In the night we kept watch
i £uard for fear of enemies, and refolved yet the
id day to go forward. In the mountains we found
in the bottoms fptlng? and
brooks
my fot» of Fiuits má
354 _ ANewSuhy Chap. XX
tfith many trees of Cacao and Achiotte. The third day w<
went on, and came to a low Valley, inthemldft whereo
fan a (hallow river, where we found fome Milpa' s anc
plantations of Maiz. Thefe were a teftimony unto us o
fomelffcte/notfar off, and therefore made us keep to
getherandbe in rcadinefs, if any affault or onfet fliouk
be made upon us by the Heathens. Whilft we thui tra
died on, we fuddenly fell upondozen poor cotta
half a
ges; covered with boughs and plantain and in then
leaves,
we found three Indian women, two men and five youn¡
children, all naked , who fain would have efcaped, bu
they could not; We refreihed our felves in their poo
cottages, and gave them of our provifion, which at firi
they refufed to eat, howling, and crying, and puling, ti
Moran had better incouraged and comforted them, who!
language they partly underftood. We clothed them an
took them along with us, hoping to make them difcovc
unto us fometreafure or fome bigger plantation. But tha
day they were fo fullenthatwe could get nothing out (
them. Thus we went on, following fome tracks whic
here and there we found oí Indians, till it was almoft
t

vening, and then we did light upon above a dozen cotfl

ges more, and in them a matter of twenty men,
womei
and children, from whom we took fome bows and ai
lows, and found there ftore of plantains, fome
üíh, an
wild Venifon, wherewith we refreihed our ftlves.
The!
told us of a great Town two days journey
off, which mad
us be very watchful that night. Here I
began with forr
more of our company to be fick and weary, fo that th
next day I was not able to go any further
whereupon *
•,

reiolved to fct up our quarters there,

and to (end out forr
lcouts of Indians and Spaniards to
difcover the Countr
who found further more Cottages and plantations
of Mai
otChue, of Turkey beans, and Cotton-wooli,
but no hi
ans at all, for they were all fled. Our Scouts returnee
and gave us fome incouragement for the
pleafantnefs i
the Country i but withal wiihed
us to be watchful an
cart
¿p. XX. o/ the Weft-Indies. J5 5

iful, for that certainly the flight of thofe Indians was a

¡ that oui coming was noifed about the Country. The
:t day we purpofedtomove forward to that plantati-
which our fcouts had difcovered, being ( as we were
in»

¡ned ) fafer, and more open to

forefeeany danger rea-

to befall us. All thefe plantations lay along by the

sr where the fun was
exceeding hot, which had cau-
us. With much wearU
fevers, and a ftux in fome of
sandfaintnefs I got that day to our journeys end, be-
ningnoWro repent me of what I was mgaged in, and
foot, and fearing fome
fudden danger, by reafon our
ningwas now known by the Indians.. The
Prifoners

began to tell us of fome gold that they

had with us
that river, and of a great lake yet
ifometimesfind in
ward about which did inhabit
many thoufand Indians,
,0 were very warlike
and skilful in iheir bows and ar-
vs The one incouraged fome, the other much difcou-
^ed the reft, who wiíhed
themielves out of thofe woods
againft Moran
i unknown places, and began to murmur
in that great
10had been the caüfe of their ingagcmcnt
was fet,and and the reft of the fick
mer.Our night watch 1

Eiiarit went to reft, fome

upon the bare ground, but
in Hamacca's, which arc of net-work,
r
(elf and others
in the air, whica
dattwopofts or trees, and hanging
ththeleaftftirringofthe body, rock
one a flcep ai m
about midnight ,at
:radle I took my
Thus reft till

our approach»
Eh time cur watches gave an alarm againft thoufandL
5 enemies,
who were thought to be about a
towards us, and when they faw che^
ey came defperately
our drums beat up and our
fowling
ire difcovered, and
i

to (hoot, they hollowed and

¡cesand Mufquets begin
and tudden
lout with a hideous noife which uproar Fevtr, But
rkhtment, added fweat and fear to my
M C who
came to confefs with me, and to
ffor death or for
prepare him >
fome deadly wound ) comforted me^
ior thtaj
me to fear nothing, and to lie
iull,
ííhtng
uld do them no good
and that left was my danger the^
Aa 2
35¿ A Nea> Survey Chap. XX
I apprehended, becaufe our Soldiers had compared m
about, fo that on no fide the Heathens could come ir

and flie we not without the lofs oí ail our lives

could
The skirmifh laited not above an hour, and then ou
enemies began to flie back. We took ten of rhem, an*
in the morning found thirteen dead upon the grounc
^nd of ours five only were wounded, whereof one dye
the next day.
began to mutiny and t
In the morning our Soldiers
and more violet
talk of returning back, fearing a woife
onfet that day or the night following, for fome of tr
Indians' who were taken, told them plainly that if the
went not away there would come fix or feven thoufan
againftthem. They told us further, that they knew we
that the Spaniards had all the Country about, excej
that little portion of theirs, which they defired to enjc
quietly and peaceable, and not to meddle with us, but r¡

ther if we would Country, and go through it

fee their ;

friends» they would let us without doing us any hurt

but if we came in a warlike manner to right and to brir
them into flavery, as we had done their neighbours, th<
were all refolved to die fighting rather then to yield. Wii
thefe Words our Soldiers were divided, fome with Nton
were of opinion to try the Indians, and to go peaceab
through their Country till they could come to fome Tow
of Jucatan , others were of opinion to fight, others to r
turn back again, confidering their weaknefs againft
many thoufands of Indians as were in the Country. B ,

that day nothing was agreed upon, for that we could n

iiir by reafon of the fick and wounded. So we continu
there that night, and as the night before, much about t
fame time, the enemies came again upon us, but rinding
ready and watching for them, they foon fled. In t
morning we refolved to return back, and hhran fent t
Heathens word, that if they would let him go throuj
their Country quietly to difcover fome land of Jucau
he would after a few months come peaceably unto the
with half a dozen Indians, and no more, trulting his life
thei
isp.XX. of the Weft-Indies. fft
n whom he knew
j if they wronged, all the Spaniards
he Country would up againft them, ond not leave
rife

alive. They anfweredthat they would entertain him

any few Indians well and willingly \ all which Moran
they performed according their agreement the next
r following
rhus we returned that day back the fame way that we
come, and I began to find my felf better, and my fea-
to leave me. We carried with us fomeofthofe young
dren which we had taken, to prefent them unto the Pre-
nt of Guatemala. And in Cohan the Prior Moran thought
night ñrít do God good fervice if he chriftened thofe
ng children, faying, that they might become Saints, and
:afterwards their prayers might prevail with God for
convcrfion of their parents and of all that Country
ihriftianity. I could not but opp^fe this his ignorance,

ichfeemed much like unto thai of the Fryers who en-

l America with Corte*, and increafed after the con-
ft daily more in number, who boafted to the Empe-
r, that they had fome of them made above thirty
uiand Indians Chriftians by baptizing them \ which
waters and dri-
y they did as (beep are forced to the
ito be walhed ; fo were thofe fir ft Indians by thou-
ds fprinkled ( or if I may ufe their word, baptized ) for
y were driven by compullion and force to the rivers,
ther were they fir ft principled in any grounds of belief
1Chriftianity, neither themíeíves believers, nor children
>elieving and faithful parents. So would Moran chri-
ithefe children, though I told him that they ought
:topartake of that Sacrament and Ordinance of Chrift,
efsthey were grounded in Artices of Chriftianity and
ieved, orwere children of believing parents; But as
had been brought up in errors, whereof that Church
Kome isa wide and fpatious fo he would be ob-
neft,

late in this point againft me

and the truth, fprinkling
th water thofe children, and naming them with names
Chriftians, After this he fent them well apparelled
thePufident of Guatemala, who com mwáeé them tobe
 r

35 s J Kern Survey Chap. XX

kept, and brought up in the Cloifter of the Dominica
Fryers,
I remained after this for a while in Cola* y and in tl

Towns about, until fuch time as the Chips came to tl

Gulf; whither I went with Moran to buy wines, o]

iron, cloth and fuch things as the Cloifter wanted for tl
prefent. At which time there being a Frigat ready to d
part to Truxillo ( fome occafions drawing Moran thither )
took (hip with him; We (hied not long above a we<
in that Port ( which is a weak one, as the Englifh ar
Hollanders taking of it can witnefs ) but prefently v
thought of returning back to Guatemala by land throu^
the Country oí Comayagua, commonly called Uondun
This is a woody and mountainous Country, very bad at
inconvenient for Travellers, and befides very poor i the
the commodities are Hides, Cama fiftttla, and Zarz
parilla, and fuch want oí bread, that about Trttxillo thi

make ufe of what they call Cajfave^ which is a dry roc

that being eaten dry doth choak, and therefore is foak<
in broth, wafer, wine or Chocolatte, that fo it may {
down. Within the Country, and efpecially about the C
ty of Comayagw (which is a Biihops feat, though a fm;
place of fome five hundred inhabitants at themoft) the
is more ftore of Maiz by reafon of fome í^/j/jj, which a

gathered to Towns, few and fmalJ. I found this Counti

one of the pooreft in all America. The chief place in

for heakh and good living, is the valley which is calli

Gracias ä Dios, there are fome rich tarms of Cattle ar

Wheat •, but becaiifeit licth as near to the Country of 6*

témala as to Comayagua^ and on this hde the ways are bett
than on that, therefore more of that Wheat is tranfporu
toG tatémala and to the Towns about it, than to Comay

gua or Truxillo, From Truxillo to Guatemala there are b

tweenfourfcoreand a hundred leagues, which we travclk
by land, not wanting in a barren Countrey r.eithtr guid
nor provision, for the poor Indians thought neirljer the
perfonal attendance, nor any thing that they enjoyed t(
"

^ocdfo/: us. *
Thi
 ;

¡hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies; 359

Thus we to Guatemala, and were by the
came again
yers joyfully entertained,
and by the PreGdent highly re-
called true Apoftlesi becaufe we
f

irded, and by the City

for the difco very of
Heathens, and
,d ventured our lives
and found out the
>ened a way for their converfion,
refidence, and fcnt before us thofe
lief place of their

ildren to the City, who witneifcd being with us in the

loifter our pains and indeavoun. Muran was fo puffed
5 with the Prefidents favour,
and the popular applaufe,
venture again his life, and
¡atherefolved in Guatemala to
he had Cent before to the
-cording to that meffage which
[eathcn Indians^ enter amongft
them ma
peaceable way
«^Oulclfaiu fe'*b^**
Sfi half a dozen Indians.
the hardnefsof the pur.
one with him i but I confidered
6 which I thought I ihould not be
that the
able to perform on
Barbarians might routi-
Et» andalfo I feared
brought,and
i againfl us for thofe children which we had
the Country, which feemed
poor an h not
iftly I liked not
bring me home to
Dr my purpofe, to get means fuffident to
and delire of my
IñolaX which was thechiefeft thought
leartforthefatisfaaionofmyconfcience, which I
found
Wherefore I refolved to foriake the
com-
till unquiet.
to defift from new difcove-
pany of my friend Moran, and
fuch difficult undertaking*
which
ries of Heathens, and
and and at toft bring no
might endanger my health life

glory, fame and credit in that

profit, but only a little vain
thought I might better imploy my time, it I
Countrey. I
tongue nearer to Guatemala, where I
learned fome Indian
the readinefsof the
the riches of the Towns,
confider'd
willingnefs to further their Priefts wan s
Indians^ their
their ignorance in fome points of Religion, which
and lafily
might help and clear with fome found dodrme,
I thought I
preaching Ghrift crucified unto
theni and tan»
and with
and falvation. I
ingthem unto that rock of eternal blifs
my friends fo much, that I knew it wouU not
trufted in
of any place about Guau-
be hard for me to take my choice
whence might facilitate my return to Eng-
mala, from 1
year an aniwrt
M, and write toStf* and have every ™
Aa 4,
£ a11
¿6o A New Survey Chap. XX.
eafier than any where opened my mind unto the
elfe. I
Provincial ( who was then at Guatemala ) and he pre-
fently and willingly condefcended to my
requeft, and
counselledme tc.learn the Poconchi language, C whereof
I
hadalready got fomc grounds in the Vera
Paz) which is
moft uicd about Guatemala, and alfo is much
pradifed in
Vera Paz, and in the Country of San
Salvador, He
promtfed to fend me to the Town of
Petapa, to learn
there the language, with a fpecial friend of his named
Jryer Peter Molina, who was very old, and wanted the
he.p and company of iome younger
pcrfon to eafe him
in the charge that lay upon him,
of io great a Town
and many Travellers that palTed that way. The Provin-
cial, as if he my mind, pitched upon my very
had known
hearts defiresand thus two weeks before Midfummer day
I departed from Guatemala to Petapa,
which is fix leagues
from thence,and there fetled my felf to learn that
Indian
tongue. The Fryers of rhofe parts that are any way skll-
thcIndian larj guages, have compofed
Ki> .
Grammars and
peonarles for the better furthering of others who may
iupply their places after their deceafe
i but whilft they
live are unwilling to teach the languages
unto others, left
their fcholarsíhould after a good and
well-grounded know-
ledge ofthe tongues, fupplant their own
Mailers, and be
a ireaiiF of taking from them that
great profit which they
have by living as Curates in the Indian
Towns. Yet this
old Aífl/wwconíidcring himfelf in years,
and for his good
friends fake the Provincial, was not unwilling to accept
of my company, and to impart unto me what knowledge
he had got by many years pra&ice of the
Poconchi tongue
He gave me therefore a ihort ablhacl of all the
rudi-
ments, belonging unto it, which ^id confift
chiefly oí
declining Nouns, and Conjugating
Verbs, ( which I ea-
sily learned in the firit fortnight that 1
had been with
him ) and then a Dictionary of Indian words, which
was all the reft oí my ftudy to get without
book, un-
1i 11 was
able of my fdf to preach unto
the Indian,,
Which with much eafinefs I obtsin'd
by difcourfing and
con-
lap: XX, of the WeiUndies. 3 61
ferring with them, what with my private ftudy I had
ned.
weeks Molina writ down for me in
\fter the firfifix
tongue a ihort exhortation, which he expounded
to

without book, which preach-

,and wiihed me to learn it 1

publickly upon the feartof St. James. After this he

re me another ihort exhortation in Sfantfc to be preach-

the fifteenth of ^»g»/r, which he made me
tranilate

o the Indian tongue, and he corrected in it what

he
ind amifs, wherewith I was a little more cmboldned,
feared not to ihew my felf in publick to the Indians*
d

lis practice I continued three or four times till

khaelmas, Preaching what bad Gran-with his help I

ted out of Spanijh, till I was able to talk with

the
dians alone, and to make my own Sermon?.
After

icbaelmaf, Molina being not a little vain-glorious of

what
had done with me, in perfe&ing me in an unknown
ngue in fo ihort a fpace, which was very little above
íequarter of the year, writ unto the Provincial, acquaint-
g him of what pains he had taken with me, and of
the
3od fuccefs of his endeavours, alluring him that I was
DW fit to take a charge of Indians upon me, and to
reach alone, further defiring him that he would bettow
ponmefomeJWi*»Town and Benefice, where I might
y conftant preaching, and pra&ice further that which
nth io much facility I had learned. The Provincial
my fpurs to
who had always been friend J needed not
ir him up to (hew and kindnefs
more and more his love
me but immediately fent me order to go to the
•,

wo Towns of Mixco and Pinola, and to take charge of

he Indians in them, and to give quarterly an account of
vhat I received thence unto the Gloifter of Guatemala,
into which all that valley did belong. All the Indian
[owns and the Fryers that live in them are, fubordinate
into fome Gloifter and the Fryers are called by their
•,

Superiors to give up for the Cloifters ufe what monies they

riave fpared, after their own and their fervants lawful

maintenance. Which order yet in Fern is not obferved,

io
 16% A New Survey Chap. XX
for there the Fryers who are once beneficed in Iniu
Towns, depend not upon any Cloifter, but keep all ths
they get for themfelves, and fo receive not from thei
Cloifters any clothing, or help for their prvoiGon, neith<
give they any account to their Superiours, but kee|
cloath and maintain themfelves, with what offerings an
other duties fall unto them from the Indians \ which i

the caufe that the Fryers of Peru are the richeft in a

the India**,* and live not like Fryers, but rather lik
Lords, and Game and Dice publickly without controu
But the Ftyas of Guatemala, Guaxaca and Mexico, thoug
they have enough and more than is well futable to the;
vow and profeilion of poverty, yet they enjoy not the li

berty of the Venían Fryers in their Indian Benefices fo •,

what is over and above their expences, they give to thei

Superiours, and from them they receive every month a ja
of wine, of an Arrobe and a half, and every year a ne«
habit with other clothing. Yet with what I have faid
muft not excufe the Fryers of Guatemala from liberty, an<
ihe enjoyment of wealth and riches i for they alfo gam
and fport, and fpend, and fill their bags, and where i
their accounts and reckonings to the Cloifters, the
might well give up in a year five hundred Crowns
betide their own expences, they give up peradven
ture three hundred, and ufurp the reft for themfelve
and their vain and idle ufes i and trade and traf
tfque under hand with Merchants againft their vow o
poverty.
With this fubordination therefore ( which I have (hew
ed ) unto the Prior and Cloifter of Guatemala, was I fen
to preach unto the Indians of Mixco and Finóla, iron
whence for my fake was removed an old Fryer or al
moftfourfcore years of age, and called to his Cloifier t(
reft, who was not able to perform the charge which laj
upon him of two Towns, three leagues diftant one frorr
another. The fettled means for maintenance which I en-
joyed in fhefe Towns, and the common offerings and
duties, which 1 received from the Indians was this In :

Altai
Jhapt XX. of the
Weft-Indies. 56$
Crowns and
wasallowed every month twenty
fixe, I
punftually payed by he A1-
P^/* nftem, which was
Regidors, Mayors and Jurats, before the end
ildesand
which payment, the Town
Cowed a
f the month f for
Wheat or |fa* and keg
m"piec; of Land with
they fet down wha
heir book of accounts, wherein
yearly received i what
monies they took in for
rops they
the toe book .was to
wnte
hefcle oftheir Corn, and in
received from them which
lown what every month I ,

prefent to be examined
,ookatthe yearsendthey were to
i

thereunto by the Court of Gm*

I fomc officerappointed
Befides this monthly allowance, 1 had from the
emala.
Sodalities of the Soulsin Purgatory every week &
each
Mais month two
every
Town two Crowns for a i

Piarf» «pon the Sift Sunday of the month

Crowns from
and in f**fo¡*fc
from the Sodalities of the Rotary ;
from three Sodalities of the Kofary of the
every month
Virgin Mary, which were there belonging unto the M-
Spaniards, and the B/^-rn^/, two Crowns a-
«ufthe
Sodalities belonging to
oiece Further from two more
two
mhrsCn** or the Crofs of Chritt, every monthot the
And in Mixea from a Sodality
Crowns apiece.
to St, Nicolas de tokntmo
two
Spaniards belonging
Sodality, of St BUsm
Crowns every month; and from a
Finóla every month two
more Crowns i and hnalif m
from a Sodality entitled of St Jacmth* every
Mixco
fome offerings of either
month yet two Croons, befides
days whereon thele
mony, fowls, or candles upon thofe
to threefcore
MaffeVwere fungi all which amounted
was furcly fettled
and nine Crowns a moneth, which
month. Befides from
and paid before the end of the
of the Saints ftatues which do
what! have formerly faid
unto the Churches, and do there conftantly bring
belong
other offerings upon their
both monv, fowls, candles, and
the Prieft, the yearly revenues
which! had m
day, unto
thofe will appear not to have been ímall \
two Towns
Mixes there were in my time
eighteen Saints I-
for in
twenty in ñnoh\ which brought umo me
maaes,
& and
npno
 3 64 A New Survey Chap. XX-
upon their day four Crowns a piece for
Mafs and Ser-
mon, and Proceffion, befides Fowls, Turkeys
and Cacao
and the offerings before the Saints, which
commonly
might be worth at leaft three Crowns
upon every
Saints day, which yearly amounted to at leaft two hun-
dred threefcore and fix Crowns. Befides the Sodalities
of the Rofaryofrhe Virgin, which
( as I have before faid
were four, three in Mwcr>, and one in Pirula)
upon five
fcvera feafts of the year ( which are
I
moft cbferved by the
Church of Borne J brought unto me four Crowns,
two for
the days Mafs, and two for a Mafs
the day following,
which they call the Anniverfary for the dead,
who had
belonged unto thofe Sodalities, which
befides thofe
days offerings ( which fometimes
were more, fometimes
JeisJ and the Indians prefents of Fowls
and Cacao,
made up yearly fourfcore Crowns more. Befides
this,
the two Sodalities of the Vera Cruz upon two Feafts
of the Crofs ; the one upon the fourteenth of
Sep-
tember, the other upon the third of May, brought
four
Crowns apiece for the Mafs of the day, and the An.
niverfary Mafs following, and upon
every Friday in
Lent two Crowns, which in the whole year came
to four
and fourty Crowns i all which above reckoned,
was as
a fure rent in thofe two Towns. Bat, ihould I fpend
iimeto reckon up what befides did accidentally
fall, would
be tedious. TheChriftmans offerings in both thofe two
Towns, were worth to me when i iiv^d there at leaft
forty Crowns. Thurfday and Friday offerings before
da y were about a hundred Crowns
i . , All-Souls day
offerings commonly worth fourfcore Crowns and ;

Candle-mas day offerings commonly forty more. Be-

fides what was offered unto the Feaft
of each Town by
all the Country which came
in, which in Mixco one year
was worth unto me in Candles and Mony fourfcore
Crowns, and in Finóla ( as I reckoned it fifty more. .)

The Communicants ( every one giving a Rial ) might

make up in both Towns at leaft a fhoufand Rials and i

the ConfeiTionsin Lent at leaft a thoufand more, befides

other
hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. $6f
Cacao Fowls and Fruits»
ur offerings ofEg&s, Hony,
brought iwo Rials, every Marnage
cry Ghriftning
every Death two Crowns more at leaft t
,0 Crowns,
leave 10 or i%
¿fomeinmy time dyed, who would
or fix MaíTes tobe fung for their fouls.
rowns for five
that by the Prtefts finging
Thus are thofc fools taught
the hrc
dr fouls delivered from weeping and from
are
1 tormentsof Purgatory ard thus by tinging il the
;

the poor Indians and theif

m do thofe Fryers charm from
an infinite treafure, wherewith they in»
odalities and Saints
Cloiflcrs i as may be gathered
ch themfeives and their
experience in thofe two
om what I have noted by my own
and Finóla, ( which were far infenour yet
:owns of Mixco
Valley, and not to
WMtam Amatitlan in
and
the fame
other Church-duties to rna-
,e compared in offerings

other about that Country ) which yet yielded

Towns
»y
the offerings caft into the
Chefts which
mto me with
the Churches for the fouls of Purgatory, and with
rood in
xhzt the Indians offered
when they came to- ¡peak unto
never vifit the Pneft with empty hands )
and
me ( for they
Mafs-frpends did .cafually come in, the
with what other
Crowns oí Sfanijh mony,
rum of at leaft two thoufand
mount to rive hundred Engkfh pounds.
which m4ht
yearly
place for me to
thought this Benefice might
be a fatter
I

live in than in
theCioiikr oí Guatemala, wearying out
grounded Divinity for to get
my brains with points of fa'ft-
applaufe of the Scholars of tnc Umverfity, and
only the
now and then lome Email proht winch 1 thought I might
•,

reft of. my profeffion, nay with

look after as well as the
that 1 intended to
return to England, and
more reafon, for
have utile help for fo long a journey in
I knew í ihould
there my friends, iííobe that 1 made not my mony
leaving
afiiii me by Sea
and LugL My hift en-
my beft friend to
from the Books oí Receipts
deavour was tocertifie my ielf
the Closer of Guatemala, what reck-
and Accounts in
others before him had given
onings my Predeceffor and
up to the Cloifkr yearly from Mixco md- Finóla, that I

might regulate my felf and my «pences fo, as to be able

 3¿¿ J New Survey , Chap. XX
to live with credit, and to get thanks from the
Cloiftc
by giving more than any before me had given. I foun<
chat four hundred Crowns had been the moft that
my ok
Predeceffor had given yearly in his accounts i and that be
fore him little more was ufually given from thofe
twi
Towns s Whereupon Í took occafion once in difcourfi
with the Prior of Guatemala to ask what he would wil
lingly expeä from me yearly whilft I lived in thofe twt
Towns > to which he replyed, that if I upheld for my pari
the Cloifters ufual and yearly Revenues, giving what my
Predeceflbr had given, he would thank me, and expect
no more from me, and that the reft that befel me in thofe
Towns, Imightfpend it in Books, Pictures, Chocolatte,
Mules,and Servants > to which I made reply,that I thought
I could live in that Benefice creditably enough, and yet

give from it more to the Gloifter than ever any other be-
fore roe had given, and that I would forfeit my conti-
nuing there, if I gave not to the Cloifter every year four
hundred and fifty Oowns. The Prior thanked me hearti-
ly for it, and (old me I ihould not want for wine, (wiíhing
me to fend for it every month ) nor for clothing, which he
would every year once beftow upon me. This I thought
would fave a great part of my charges, and that I was
well provided for as long as I lived in the India's. And
here I defíre that England may take notice how a Fryer that
hath proftffed to be a Mendicant, being benefit! in Ante*
rica, may live with four hundred pounds a year clear, and

fome with much more, with moft of his cloathing given

him befides, and the moft charge of his wine fupply'd,
with the abundance of Fowls, which coft him nothing, and
with fuch plenty of Beef, as yields him thirteen pound
for three pence: Surely well may he game, buy good
Mules, furniih his chamber with Hangings and rich Pi-
ctures, and Cabinets, yea and fill them with Spanijb
and pieces of eight, and after all trade in the
Piftoles,
Court of Madrid for a Mitre and fat Bilhoprick, which
commonly is the end of thofe proud, worldly, and lazy
Lubbars.
Aftet
i
iap.XX. •/íkWcft.Indicsj 367
ftftci Iwas once fettled in thefe my two Towns, my nr#
might
e was to provide my felfof a good Mule, which
me Cas often as oceafion called) from
>n and eafily carry
one^hichl
: one Town to the other. I foon found out
Crowns, which ferved my turn very wel
t me fourfcore
nine miles the fpeedily crofs the Valley, which
ride
:rebetween the two Towns. Though my cheif ftudy
re was to perfe& my felf
in the Indian tongue, that I

ght the better preach unto them, and be well under-

od i yet I omitted not to fearchout the Scriptures dai-

(
and to addicl my felf unto the Word of God, which I
lew would profit me more than all thofe riches and plea-
res of Egypt, which for a while I
faw I muft enjoy, till
Licenfe from Rome
y ten years were fully expired, and
\ Spain granted for me to return to England, which I
:gan fpeedily to folicite,by means of one Captain Ifidore
\Zepeda, a Sevil Merchant and Mafter ofone of the (hips,
mich came that firft year that 1 was Mixco with
fctled in

lerchandife for Guatemala. By thisCaptain (who paf-

:d often through the ValleyJ I writ unto my friends in
pain and had anfwers, though at firft .to little purpofe,
fhich did not a little increafe the troubles ofmyconfei-
nce, which were great, and fuch whereof the wife man
lid, a wounded Confidence who can bear? My friend-
lip with this Captain Zepeda was fuch , that I broke my
nind unto him, deiiring him to carry me in his Ship to
¡pain, which he refuted to do, telling me the danger he
night be in, if complaint ihould be made to the Prefi-
lent of Guatemahyiná wiíhing me to continue where I
ffas, and to ftore my felf with mony that I might return
with licenfe and credit. I reiolved therefore with David

in the i6* Tfal. and the 8. v. to fet the Lord always before

me, and to choofe him for my only comfort, and to rely up~
on who I knew only could order things fos
his providence
my good, and could from America bring me home to the
boufe of Salvation, and to the houihold of Faith \ from
which 1 confideredmy felf an exile, and far baniihed. In
the mean time I lived five full years in the two Towns of
Mine®
 ;68 J New Survey Chap. XX.
-
Mixta and finóla. Where I had more occafion to get
wealth and mony,than ever any that lived there before me:
for the firft year of my abiding there it pleafed God
to
fend one of the Plagues of Egypt to that Country, which
was of Locufis, which I had never feen till then. They
were after the manner of our Graihoppers, bur fomewhat
bigger, which did flie about in number io thick and infi-
nite, that they did truly cover the face of the Sun, and hin-
der the (hining forth of the beams of that bright Planet.
Where they lighted either upon Trees or {landing Corn,
there nothing was expe&ed but ruine, deftruéhon and
barrennefs i for the corn they devoured, the leaves and
fruitsof trees they eat and confumed, and hung fo thick
upon the branches, that with their weight they tore them
from the body. The high ways were fo covered with them
that they ftartled the travelling Mules with their fluttering
about their head and feet i my eyes were often iiruck with
their wings as I rid along, and much ado I had to fee my
way, what with a Montero wherewith I was fain to c©vec
my face, what with the flight of them which were ftill be-
fore my eyes.
The Farmers towards the South-Sea Coait,cryed out for
that their indigo which was then in grafs, was like to be
eaten up ; from the Ingtnio's ot Sugar, the like moan
*vas made, that the young and tender Sugar Canes would
be deftroyed i but above all, grievous was the cry of the
husbandmen of the valley where 1 lived,Who feared that
their Corn would in one night be fwallowed up by that
devouring Legion. The care of the Magiiirate was that
the Towns of Indians (ho uld all go out into the fields
with Trumpets, and what other inftruments they had to
make a noife, and fo to affright them from thofe places
which weit moit confiderable and profitable to the Com-
mon-wealth \ and ftrange it was to fee how the loud
noife of the Indians and founding of the Trumpets, de-
fended fome fields from the fear and danger of them.
Where they lighted in the Mountains and High-ways,
thare they lett behind them their young ones, which
were
iap. XX of the Weft-Indies. 3 69
: found creeping upon the ground ready to threaten
1 a fecond years plague if not prevented i wherefore
he Towns were called with Spades, Mattocks and
yels to dig long Trenches and therein to bury all the

ng ones.
"hus with much trouble to the poor Indians, and their

it pains ( yet after much hurt and lofs in many pla~

) was that flying Peftileoce chafed away out of the

mtry to the South Sea, where it was thought to be
fumed by the Ocean, and to have found a grave in the
:ers, whilftthe young ones found it in the Land. Yet
fwere not all fo buried, but that ihortly fome ap-
red, which not being fo many in number as before,
:e with the former diligence foon overcome. But
ilft all this fear was, thefe outcries were made by
Country and this diligence performed by the Indi-
, the Priefts got well by it* for every where Pro-
ions were made, and Malíes fung for the averting
that Plague^ In Mixce moil of the Idols were car-
1 to the field, efpecially the pictures of cur Lady, and
t of Saint Nicholas Tokntine, in whofe name the
arch of Rome doth ufe to bleis little Breads and
ifers with the Saint ilamped upon them which they
•,

ikare able to defend them from Agues, Plague, Pe-

rnee, Contagion, or any othe* great and imminent
iger. There was fcarce any Spanifb Husbandman who
this occafion came not from the Valley to the Town
Mixco with his offering to this Saint, and who made
t a vow to have a Mafs fung unto Saint Nicholas i they
brought breads to be bleiTed, and carryed them back
their Farms, fome cañing them unto their Corn, fome
rying them in their hedges and fences, mongly
ifting in Saint Nicholas* that his bread would have
wer to keep the Locufis out of their fields ; and fo at the
\ thoíe (imple, ignorant and blinded fouls, when they
v the Locults departed and their Corn fafe, cried out to
r Lady fome, ethers to Saint Nicholas, Milagro^ a Min
dt, judging the Saint worthy of praife more, than Cod,
Bb and
 ??6 A New Survey Chap. X]
and performing to him their vows of Mafles, which
their fear and trouble they had vowed, by which erroi
ous and Idolatrous devotion of theirs I got that year ma
more Crowns than what before i have numbred from i

Sodalities. The next year following, all that Coun

was generally infe&ed with a kind of contagious fickni
almoit as infectious as the Plague, which they call Tab
dillo, and was a Fever in the very inward parts a
bowels, which fcarce continued to the feventh day, I

commonly took them away from the world to a grave i

third or fifth day. The filthy fmell and ftench which cai
from them, which lay lick of this difeafe, was enough
infecí: the reit of the houfe,and all that came to fee ther

It rotted their Very mouths and tongues, and made thi

as black as a coal before they died. Very few Spaniai
were infeded with this Contagion > but the Indians
$
nerally were taken with it. It was reported to have beg
about Mexico, and to have ipread from Town to To\
till it came to Guatemala, tnd went on forwards i and

likewife did the Locufts the year before, marching as

were from Mexico over all the Country. I viilted ma
that died of this infection, uiing no other Antidote agaii
it, fave only a handkerchief clipped inVinegar to fm
unto, and I thank God I efcaped where many died.
Mixco I buried ninety young and old, and in Finóla abo
an hundreds and for all thefe that were eight year ol
or upwards, I received two Crowns for a Mafs for thi

fouls delivery out of Purgatory. See good Reader, wh

ther the conceit of Purgatory have not been a main po
cy of Rome to enrich the Prieft and Clergy, with Mafs I
pends from fuch as die, making them believe that n
thing elfe can help their fouls if once plunged into th
conceited fire Where thou maift fee that one contagio
•,

íicknefsin two fmall Towns of Indians brought unto n

in tefs than half a year near a hundred pounds for Mail
for almoft two hundred that died. Nay fuch is the gre
dy covetoufnefs of thofe Prieíis, that they will receive thr
or four Mafs fiipends for one day, making the people b
lievi
ap.XX of the Weft-Indies. •ffi
that the fame Mafs may be offered up for many
do one foul as much good as another. Thus with
fkknefs, for
Plague of Locufis, and the contagion of
firft two years together had I an
occafion to enikh my

as did other Priefts my neighbours.

But think not
becaufe fo many died, therefore the Towns growing
my offerings for the future were kiTened. The En-
endero's or Lords of the two Towns took care for
E who that they might not lofe any part of that Tri-
:which was formerly paid unto them, prefently after
ficknefs was ceafed, caufed them to be numbred,
and
Chapter before obferved ) forced to
I have in the
riageall that were twelve years and upwards
of sgei,
into my
ch alio was a new ftream of Crowns flowing
\\ for from every couple that were
married I had at
wo Crowns betides other offerings, and in both the
vns, I married on that occafion above fourfcore
pie. Truly by all this,? thank the Lord 1 was more
ogthencd in my conceit againft the Church of R w«*
not with the grecdinefs of that Lucre inticed to con-
far
ring in it, though 1 found the pericrflnents there
iter than any might be in the Church of England,
4
where
lew nothing was to be got with tinging, or hudling
r a Mafs ; But yet though for the preterit my profit
; great, my eyes were open to fee the errours whereby
t profit came fo plentifully to me,
and to all that cuw
dolatrous Priefts. The judgments ceafed not here in
t Country in my time, but after this Contagion three
5 fuch an Inundation of rain, that the Husbandmen
:ed again the lots of all their Corn. At noon time the
k clouds for a month together began to thicken and
'er the face of the Heavens, pouring
down fuch ftormy
res as fwept away much Corn, and many poos Cot-
íesof Indians ; b.fides the rain, the fiery thunderbolts
aking through the clouds threaded a doleful judgment
the Country, in the valley of Mtxco two riding to-
her were ftrkken dead from their Mules, the Ghap-
of our Lady ol Carmel in the fame valley was burnt
17 6 A New Survey Chap. X2
to the ground, and like wife two houfes at the River
Vacas. In Fetapa another of lightning or thund
flaih
bolt fell into the Church upon the high Altar, cracki
the walls in many places, running from Altar, to Alt
defacing^ the gold, and leaving a print and ftampwb
It had gone without any more hurt. In the Cloifter
the Francifcans in Guatemala, a Fryer ileeping upon
bed after dinner, was ftricken dead, his body being 1
all black as if it had been burnt with fire, and yet no fi

of any wound about him. Many accidents happened tl

yaer which was 1631. all about the Country. But 1
ielf was by the fafe protection of the Almighty wc
derfully faved i for being on a Saturday at night
Mixco trembling and fearing, and yet trufiing in r
God, and praying unto him in my chamber, one fls
of lightning or thunderbolt fell clofe to the Church w
to which my chamber joyned, and killed two Cah
which were tied to a poft in a yard, to be ilaughter
the next morning. The lightning was fo near and ten
ble that it feemed to have fired all my houfe, and firu
me down unto the ground, where I lay as dead for a gr<
while > when I came again to my felf, I heard many Indu
about myhouie,who were come to fee if either it or t
Church were fet on fire. This ftormy feafon brought r
alfomuch profit, ( for as formerly) the Spaniards oft
valley and the Indians betook themfelves to their Id
Saints carrying them about in Proceffion, which was n
done without mony, which they call their alms unto thi
Saints, that they may the better be heard and intreated I

them.
The Summer following there was more than ordina
earthquakes, which were fo great that year in the Kin,
dom of Pern, that a whole City called Truxillo w
fwallowed up by the earth which opened it felf, and almc
all the people were loi}, whilft they were at Church wo

(hipping and praying unto their Saints. The hurt th<

did about Guatemala was not fo much as in other pi
«es, only fome few mud- walls were fluked down, ar

foi
hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 37 J
me Churches cracked-, which made the people fear
d betake themfelves again to their Saints, and empty
eir purfes before them for MaiTes and prcceffions, left
ledanger ihould prove as great, as was that of the great
rthquake which happened before my coming into that
ountrey. Thefe earthquakes when they begin are more
ten than long, for they lafi but a while, ftirring the

irth with three motions, firft on the one fide, then on the
her, and with the third motion they feem to fet it right
;ain. If they (hould continue, they would doubtlefs
irl down to the ground any fteeple or building though
sver fo great and ftrong. Yet at this time in Mixco
>me were fo violent, that they made the fteeple bend
1much that they made the bells found. I was foufcd
f>to them that many times in my bed I would not ftir
>rthem. Yet this year they brought me to iuch a fear,
lathadnot the Lord been apiefent refuge to me in time
f trouble, I had utterly been undone. For being one
íorning in my chamber ftudying, fo great and fuddain was
«earthquake, that it made me run from my table to a
rindow, fearing that before I could get down the ftairs
he whole houfe might fall upon my head, the window
ras upwards like an arch ( which
in a thick wall vaulted
le Spaniards hold to be the fafeft place if a houfe ihould
ill
J where I expected nothing but death', as foon as Í
ot under it, the earthquake ceaf.d, though my heart
eafed not to quake with the fuddain arfrightmenf , Whilft
wasmufing and thinking what todo, whether I ihould
an down to the yard, *or continue where I was, there
ame a fecond Qiaking worfe than the firft. I thought
irith my felf if the houfe ihould fall, the Arch would
lot fave my life, and that I ihould either be Rifled or thrown
»ut of the *window, which was not very low and near
into the ground, but fomewhat high, wide, open, ba-
ring no glafs cafements but wooden ihuts, ( fuch as there

ire ufed ) and if I leaped out of the window, I might

:hance to break a leg, or limb, yet my life. The
fave
iiddennefs of the aftoniChment took from me the beft
B b 1 and
574 JNew Survey Chap. XX,
a nd raoft mature deliberation in fuch a cafe and in
> th
midlt of thefe my troubled and perplexed thoughts a thir<

motion came as violent as the former, wherewith I ha<

now fet one foot in the Window to leap down, had no
the fame Lord ( to whom David faid in the 4.6 fjal. v, 2
Therefore will we not fear, though the earth be moved
by his wonderful providence fpoken both to me and t
the moving earth, faying as in the 10 v. Be (till and knot
that I am God >for certainly had it gone on to a fourtl
motion, I had by casing down my felt broke either m
neck, or a ieg, 01 iome other joynt.' Thus was I twice fa
ved by my good God in Mixc*, and in finóla I was ono
no lefs in danger in loling a leg by means of a fmaller initru
jnent than is a flea.
This Town oí finóla in the Indian language is callee
Tancac 5 fan tigniheth in, or amongft, Cjc,fjgnifieth threi
things -,
for it lignifieth the tire, or a fruit otherwife cal
led guiava \ or thirdly, a fmall vermin , commonly callee
by the Spaniards Migua\ which is common overall thi
Indias but more in fome places than in ofhers. When
there are many Hogs, there is ufually much of this fort o
vetmin. The Spaniards report that many of the Soldi
CIS of Sir Francis Vraltp died of them, when they Undec
about Nombn de Dio/, and marched up the high Moun
tains of St. fablo towards fanama, who feeling their fee
to itch, and not knowing the caufe thereof, fcratched therr
fo much, till they fettred, and at laft, ( if this report bi
true) colt them their lives. Some fay, they breed in al
places, high and low, upon Tables, Beds, and upon thi
ground > but experience iheweth the contrary, that they on-
ly breed upon the ground, for where the houfes arc fluttill
and not often fwepr, there commonly they are moft felt
and in that they ufually get into the Feet and Shooes, anc
feidom into the hands or any other part of the body, ar
gues that they breed upon the ground. They are lefs thar
the It at flea, and can fcarce be pereeived, and when the}
5
,

entet into the foot, they make it burn and itch and if thar
i

thrybe looked to, they appear black, and no bigger the:

th(
lap.XX. of the
Weft-Indies. ?75
eafily be «ken
point of a pin, and with a pin may
P the fmalleft part
wholei but if part of them be left,

as the whole, and

will get into
Ido as much halm
once they are got in, they breed a little
fleih. When
many Nits, which increale
1 in the fWMnd in it a great
great Pea i then they
Ler and bigger to the bignefs of
a

1 again to make the foot itch,which

and fo indangereth
if ,t be fcratched,

the whole foot,

leth to fettering,
them out when they cauie tjje
me hold it bett to take
itching and are getting in, but this is hard to do, be-
[t

perceived, and they are apt to

ufe they can haidlv then be
broken. Therefore others
commonly let them alone,
,til they be got into the pefti, and have bred a bag with
through the skin
I which like a blifter ihewethit (elf
with the point of a pin, they dig round about the
id then
whole, i*
1 till they can with the pins point take it out
again', if it be taken out,
be broken, it comes to breed
hole, then they put in a little ear
wax, or aihes where the
ig lay, and with that the
hole is healed up again in a day

two. The way to avoid this

vermin entringinto the
r

ttockings, or whatsoever
)ot, is to lay both ihooes and

lex clothing upon feme ftoolox chair high from the

is wonderful
round, and not to go bare-foot i which yet
1the Indians themfelves, that
though they commonly do
troubled with them,
bare-foot, yet they are feldom
hardnefs of their skin i forcer,
chichis atciibutedco the
as tender footed and skinned as are thole
ainly weie they
ftockings, they would be as
hat wear both ihooes and
Tarwac and Vino,
nuch troubled with them as thefe are.
and I iound
1 ismuchfubjeärto this Vermin, or ftffei»,
foratmynrft coming thither not
thy woful experience,
mowing well the quality of it, I let one
breed fo long m
until my came
foot
foot, and continued fcratching
it
|y
lettered, that i was fain to lie
befo
two whole month?
to
Cbimrgions hand and at lift through Gods great
¡n a >

not a Limb. But that

mercy and goodnefs to me I loft
the Providence of God may be
known to me the worit or
in fo far a Country trom ad my
ill his Creatures, having

Bb4 Iriends
 37
* ¿ Ne» Sara?/ Chap. XX,
friends and fiom me may be related unto
future Genera
tions, before
I conclude this
Chapter, I íhall further (he
both my dangers and deliverances.
Though true it
moft of the Indians nebut formally
Chriftians, and on]
outwardly appear fuch, but fecretly
are given to Witch
craft and idolatry, yc t as they
were under my charge
thought by preaching Chrift unto
them, and by cheriihin
them, and defending them from the
cruelty of the Spa
mards,\ might better work upon them
to brine them t.
more knowledge of fome truths, at leaft concerning
Go(
and Chrift. Therefore as ¡found them
truly loving, kirn
and bountiful unto me, fo I endeavoured
in all occafion
fo.hew them love by commiferating
their fundings, anc
taking their part againft any
Spaniards that wronged them
and keeping conftantly in my chamber
fuch drugs (as hoi
Waters, Annifeed and Wine and the
like ; which I kne*
might moft plcafc them,
when they came to fee me, and
moflr comfort them, when they were fick or
grieved. This
my love and pity towards them had almoft in Finóla coft
me my life 5 For an Indian of that Town fercing
a Sp*
mard named Franeifco de Montenegro
,
( who lived a mile
and a half from thence was once
) fo pitifully beaten and
wounded oy his Mafter, for that he
told him he would
complain tome that he payed him
not his wages, that he
was brought .orne to the Town, and
had I not out of my
charity ca.led for a Chirurgion
from Petapa to cure him,
he had cemmly ¿ )e d. could no tut ccmplain for the
J
poor Indian unto the Prefident
of Guatemala, who refpe-
cting my complaint, fent tot
m
T Spaniard to the City, im-
priioncd him and kept him
dole until the Indian was
recovered and fo with a Fine fent him back
again. In a
Sermon I preffed this home unto the
neighbouring Sp*>
«wds .warning them of the wrongs and
abufes which
they offered unto the poor
Indians, which I told them I
wouid put up no more rhan any
injury done unto my fclf
*Or that! looked upon them as
Ncophyffcsand new ¿lants
otünrhhanity,wnowcrc nor to be difcouraged, but by
all means of iovc encouraged to come to Chrift i withal I
com-
¡hap. XX. of th Weft-Indies, 381
ommandedalltheWwwf that had any wrong done ui\to

lem, to come unto me, alluring them that 1 would make

be heard, as they
ich a complaint for them as ihould
This
ight perceive I had lately done to fome pmpofe.
Montenegro his fiomach, thatf asl was
irmon ftuckio in
formed) he made an Oath, that he would procure my
phé Though it was told me, yet Í could hardly be-
»ve it, judging it to be more a bravery
anda vain boaft-
Etf a Spaniard, than any thing dfc-, Yet by the advice of
)me friends Iwas counfelled to look to my fe!f, which yet
flighted, till one day the boys and Indians that fer-
ed in my houfe came runing to my charmber door,
wi-
ling me to look to my felt, and not tocóme
out, for that

Montenegro was come into my Yard with a

naked fword to
call the Officers
;ill mc. I charged them from within to

iftheTowntoaid and affift me i but in the mean while

ny furious Spaniard perceiving himfelf difcovered>
left

he Town. With this £ thought of fecming fdf my

>etter, and called for a Blackmoor, Miguel Valva a very
tout and lufty fellow, who lived from me half a mile, to

>e about me till could difcover more of Montenegros*

I

kfigns and malicious intents. The next Sabbath day

nthe morning being to ride to the Town of Mixco*¿
:arriedmy Blackmore, and half a dozen oí Indians, in my
:ompany, and going through a Utile Wood in the midft
of the valley, there I found my enemy waiting for
me,
who feeing she train I brought, durft do nothing, but
gavemefpiteful language , telling me he hoped that he
ihould find me alone fome time or other. With this I
thought
fit to delay no longer my fecond complaint to the Prdi-
dent againft him, who as before heard me willingly, and af-
ter a months imprifonment baniihed Montenegro 30
leagues

from the Valley. And uot Only from Spaniards^ was I

in danger for the Indians fake whili't I lived in thofe Towns \
but alió fome Indians themfelve s, f who were falfe
in Religion ) J did undergo great perils, an:! yet was ftili

delivered.
In" P'mola there were fome, who were much given to
Wi;ch-
 378 j New Survey Chap. XX
witchcraft, and by the power of the Devil did ad ftrange
things. Amongft the reft there was one old woman na-
med Martha de Carrillo, who had been by fome of the
Town formerly accuied for bewitching many i but the Spa-
mjh Juihces quitted her, finding no fure evidence againft
her > with this ihegrew worfe, and worle and did much
harm. When I was there, two or three died, withering
away, declaring at their death that this Carrillo had killed
them, and that they faw her often about their beds, threat-
nsng them with a frowning and angry look. The Indians
for fear oí her durft not complain againft her, nor meddle
with Jaer ; whereupon 1 fent word unto Donjuán de Guz-
man the Lord of that Town, that if he took not order
with her, ihe would deftroy his Town. He hearing of it,
got fot me a commiilion from the Biihop and another offi-
cer of the Inquifition to make diligent and private inquiry
after her life and actions •<>
which 1 did, and found among
the Indians many and
grievous complaints againft her, molt
of the Town affirming that certainly the was a notorious
witch, and that before her accufation ihe was wont whi-
therloever (he went about the Town to go with a Duck
following her, which when ihe came to the Church, would
flay at the door till (he came out again, and then would
return home with her, which Duck they imagined was
her beloved Devi! and familiar Spirit, for that they had
often fet dogs at her and they would not meddle with her
but rather run away from her. This Duck never appear-
ed more with her, fince (he was formerly accufed before
the juiiice, whichwas thought to be her policy, that ihe
might be no more fufpeóted thereby. This old woman
was a widow, and of the pooreft of the Town in outward
(hew, and yer ihe always had ilore of mony, which none
could tell which way fhe might come by jt. Whilft 1 was
thus taking privy information againft her (it being the time
of Lent, when ail the Town came to confefiion ) (he among
the reft came to the Church to confefs her Sins, and brought
me the beft prel'ent and offering of all the Town, (or
whereas * Rial is common, (he biought rae four, and betides
:hap. XX. of tU Weft-Indies. 379
bottle oí hony.
Sh^
Turkv, Eftfts, Filh,
and a little
than
JgÄrc^ 'to gei with me a better opinion
I accepted of her
Town great
id of her from the whole i
nothing
Confeffion, which was of
Terings, and heard her
adion*
Ít trifles, which
could farce be judged finful
was the common Judg
tamined her very clofe of what
eTofall the Indians, and efpécially ofthofe wha^g
death that One had bewitched
ad declared to my felf at their
hem, and before their ficknefs had threatned them, and in
heir ficknefs appeared
ifareatning them with their death
themidves feeing her. To
bout their beds, none but they
rcplyed weeping, that foe
was wronged I
vhich (he
lS ked her, how (he being a poor widow wtoflto
of livelihood had lo much
help her, without any means
more the richett of the Town,
Sony as to give me than

bow (he cam?by that Fiih, Turkey and Hony having none
houfe ? to which (he replyed,
1 this of her own about her
that God loved her and gave
her all thefe things and that
had bought the reft. I asked her ci
with her mony (he
out of the Town (he had them.
whom > ihe anfwered that
much to repentance, and to loriase ihc
1 perfwaded her
Devil and with him-, but her words and
all fcllowfliip

anfwers were of a Saintly and holy

woman , and Ihe ear-
with the reit
neftly defired to give her the Communion
me
Which I told her I durit
that were to receive the next day.
not do, ufingChrifts words, Give not the chiidrens bread

unto dogs, -nor cart your pearls unto (wine ^ and that it
would be a great fcandal to give the
Communion unto her,
accufedtora
who was fulpáaed generally, and had been ma-
Witch. This ihc tookvery ill, telling me that Ihe had
and now in her old
ny years received the Communion,
tears were
.¿it grieved her to be deprived of it ; her
could not be moved with them, but leiolutely
many, yet I

Communion, and fo difmi&d her. At noon

denied her the
had done my work in the Church, Í bad my
Ser-
when I
vants go to gather up the Offerings,
and gave order to have
theriihdieffed (or my dinner which the had brought ^but

earned into the Kitchen, when the

C-ok
no fooner was it
¡., . -;': ;
'
lei king
 380 A New Survey Chap. XX
looking on it found
of Maggots, and fiinking, i,
it full
that I was forced to hurl it away.
With that I began 1
iuipeä my old Witch, and went to
look on her hony
and pownng it out into a di(h, I found
it full of Worm*
««eggs I could not know from others, there being
neai
a hundred offered that day i but
after as I ufed them, wi
ioundfome rotten, feme with dead chickens
within i the
next morning the Turkey was found
dead i as for hei
tour Rials,I could not perceive
whether ihe had bewitch-
ed them out of my pocket, for that
I had put them with
many other, which that day had been given me,
yet as fai
as I could I called to memory who and what had been ci-
ven,mc and in my Judgment and reckoning I verily thought
that I miffed four Rials. At night when my iervants the
Indians were gone to bed, Í fat up
late in my chamber
betaking my fclf to my Books and ftudy,
for I was the
next morning to make an exhortation
to thofe that re-
ceived the Communion. After I had fíudyed a while, it
being between ten and eleven of the
Clock, on a fudden
the chief door in the hall (where in
a lower room was
my chamber, and thtfemnts, and three other doors) flew
open, and Í heard one come in, and for a while
walk about,
then was another door opened which
went into a little'
*>om where my fadd les were laid i with this
, I thought
if might be theB!ack-meor
Miguel Dalva, who would of-
ten come late to my houfeto lodge
there, efpecially Gnce-
my fear of Montenegro, and I conjectured that he was lay-
ing up his faddle, I called unto him
by his name two or
three times from within my chamber,
but no anfwer was
made, but fuddenly another door that went out
to a Gar-
den new alio open, wherewith I began within
to fear, my
ioynts trembled, my hair ftood up, I would
have called
out to the iervants and my voice was as
3 it were (topped with
the fudden affrightmenr, I began to
think of the Witch
and put my truii in God again» her, and
encouraged my
felfand voice, calling out to the iervants,
and knock-
ing with a Cane at my door within
that they might
hear roc ; tor Í durft not open it and
go out. With
the.
-hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 377
femnts awaked and came out
he noife which I made the
and asked them
:omy chamber door i then I opened it,
fome body, in the hall, and all the
f they had not heard
Joors opened. They faid they were afleep, and heard
all, and related unto
nothing, onlyoncboy faid he heard
me the fame that I had heard. I took my
candle then

my hand and went out into the hall with them to

in
dew the doors, and I found them all four, as the ler*
left them.
vants faid they had Then I perceived that the
Witch would have affrighted me, but had no power to do
me any harm I made two ot the fervants lie in my
',
cham-
ber, and went to bed, In the morning early! fent for my
of the Church, and told him what
had
Fife*/ the Clerk
told me tt
happened that night i he fmilcd upon me, and
was the widow Carillo, who had often played fuch
tricks m
the Town with had offended her and therefore
thofe that s

he had the night before come unto me from her defmng me

to give her the Communion left íhe ihould
do me tome
unto him, as I had done to her felf.
hurt, which I denied
he knew the had
The Clerk bad me be of good cheer, for
Communi-
no power over me to do mc any hurt. After the
Indians came unto me, and
on that day fome of the chief
íhe would play
told me that old Caritio had boafted that
me fome trick or other, becaufe I would not give her the
Communion. But I to rid the Town of fuch a limb
ot

Guatemala, with all the evidences

and
Satan, fent her to
witneffes which- 1 had found againft
her unto the Pren-

and who commanded her to be put in pnion s

den t Biihop,
where the died within two months.
who
Many more Indians there were in that Town,
do very Orange things. One
were faid in my time to
called John Gonzshz was reported
to change himfeli into
day mot in
thefhapeofa Lyon, and inthatihape was one
the nofe by a poor harmlcfs Spaniard
who chiefly got his
going about; the Woods and Mountains, ansí
living by
(hooting at wild Deer and other beafts to make mony ofthecn,
other aim at him
He efpied one day aLyon, and having no
but his fnout behind a treCjhe (hot at
himythetyon run away;
the
 ^
3 8i J New Survey Chap. XX.
the fame day this Gonzalez was taken Gck, I was fent for
to hear his Confefiion, I fa w his face and nofe all bruifed,
and asked him how it came, he told me then that he had
fallen from a tree and almoft killed him; yet after-
wards he accufed the poor Spaniard for (hooting at him i
the buiincfs was examined by a Spanifh Juftice, my evi-
dence was taken for what Gonzalez told me of his fall from
a tree, the Spaniard wzs put to his oath, who fware that
he (hot at a Lyon in a thick Wood, where an Indian could
fcarce be thought to haveany was found
bufirefs, the treet
out in the Wood, whereat had been made and was
the (hot
fiill marked with the (hot and bullet , which
Gonzalez con-
feffed was to be the place, and was examined bow he
nei-
ther fell nor was feen by the Spaniard when he came to
feek for the Lyon, thinking he had killed him ; to which he
anfwered that he ran away left the Spaniard fhould kill
him indeed. But his anfwers feeming frivolous, the Spa-
niards integrity being known, and the great fufpition
that was in the Town of Gonzalez his dealing with
the Devil, cleared the Spaniard from what was laid a-
gainft him.
But this was nothing to what after happened to one
John Gomez, the chiefeft Indian of that Town of neer
ioutfcorc years of age, the Head and Ruler of the princi-
pals Tribe among the Indians, whofe advife and coun-
íd was taken and preferred before all the reft, who feemed
to be a very godly Indian, and very feldom miiTed morn-
ing and evening prayers in the Church, and had beftowed
grrat riches there. This Indian very fuddenly was taken
fick ( I being then in my other Town of Mixco,
) the May-
or domos,or iiew ards of the Sodality of the Virgin fearing
that he mightdie without Confeflion and they be chid
for their negligence, at midnight called me up at Mixco
defiring me to go and help John Gomez to die,
prefently
whom alio they (aid much to fee me and to re-
delired
ceive fome comfort from me. I judging it a work of cha-

rity, although the time of the night were unfeafonablc,

and the great rain at the
pufent might have flopped my
charity,
-hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies; \ 83
would not be hindred by either of them,
hartty yet I
miles both in the dark and
md fo fet forth to ride nine
wet When I came to Vínola being thorough wet to the
¡kin, I went immediately to the houfe of old fick Gomez,
face all muffled up, thanked me for my
who with
lay his
foul he defired to confefs,
pains and caiel had for his i

evidenced nothing but

indby hisconfeffion and weeping
die and to be with
1 godly life, and a willing defire to
Chrift. I comforted him
and prepared him for death,

and before! departed, asked him how he felt himfelf, he

anfweredthat his ikknefs was nothing but old age and
weaknefs. With this I went to my houfe, changed my
fuddenly J was
felfandlay down a while to reft , when
called up again to give Gomez, the
extream unóhon, which
ignorantly taught J will
the Indians (as they have been
not omit to receive before they die. As Í anointed him
hands and his feet £
in his nofe, his lips,his eyes, his
perceived that he was fwelled, and black
and blew j but-
made nothing of it, judging it to pioceed from the ick-

nefsof his body , I went again home being

now break ot
nap, fome Indians
the day, when after I had taken a fmall
came todoor for to buy candles to offer up for John
my
Gomez, his foul, > whom they told me was deputed, and
at Mais. arete
was that day to be buried very folemnly I

and walk-
with drowfie eyes after fo unquiet a nights reft i
was preparing,
ed to the Church, where I.faw the grave
I met with two or three
Spaniards who lived ncer the
Town and were come to Mafs that morning, who went

in with me to my chamber, and with them I fell into dil-

what comfort I
courfe about John Gomez, telling them
to have lived
had recievedat his death, whom! judged
doubted not of his falvation, and that the
very holiiy, and
would much want him, for that he was their
chief
Town
ruling rhem with good advice and coun-
guide and leader,
another, and
Pel At this the Spaniards fmikd one at
all the Indians, but etpe-
told me I was much deceived by
cially by the deceafed Gomez, iff
judged him to have
thatthey as ene-
been a Saint, and holy man. I told them
mies
 3 84 A New Survey Chap. XX,
micsto poor Indians judged ilill uncharitably of them;
ttie

but that I who knew very well their confciences, could

judge better of them than they. One then replyed, that it
feemed I little knew the tiutrrofJohn Gomez his death by
the ConíeíTion which he had made unto me, and that I
feemed to be ignorant of the ftir whick was in the Town
concerning his death. This feemed fo ftrange unto me,
that I defire d them to inform me of the truth. Then they
told me that the report went,that John Gomez was the chief
wizard or all the wizards, and witches in the Town i and
that commonly he was wont to be changed into the íhape
of a Lyon, and fo to walk about the mountains. That he
was ever a deadly enemy to one Sebafiian Lopez an an-
cient Indian, and head of another Tribe > and that both of
them two days before had met in the mountain, Gomez
in the íhape of a Lyon, ard Lopez in the (hape oía Ti-
gre and that they fought molt cruelly, till Gomez ( who
was «he older and weaker ) was tired, much bit and
fcruifed i and died of it. And further that I might be aiTu-
me that Lopez was in prifOn for
red of this truth, they told
it,and the two Tribes itriving about if, and that the
Tribeand kindred of Gomez demanded from Lopez and his
Tribe and kindred fatisfadion, anda great fum of mony
or elfe did threaten to make the cafe known unto the
Spani/h power and authority, which yet they were unwil-
ling to do if they could agree and fmother it up among
thtmfclves , that they might not bring an afperfion upon
their own Town. This feemed very itrange unto mc, and
I could not refolve what to beleive, and thought I would
never more beleive an Indian, if Í found John Gomez to
have fo much diffembled and deceived me. I took my
leave of the Spaniards and went my felf to the Prifon,
where I found Lopez with fetters. I called one of the
officers of the Town, who was Alguazii Maior, and my
great friend, unto my houfe, and privatly examined him
why Lopez was kept fo clofe prifoner i he was loth to tell
me fearing thertft of the Indians, and hoping the bufinefs
would be ttken up, and agreed by the two Tribes, and
not
ap: XX. ;

o/ the Weft-Indies:
¡fy
noited about the Countrey, which at the very inftani
two Alcaldes and Regidores, Maiors and Jurats,,
i the chief of both Tribes were fitting about in the
im-houfe all that morning. But 1 feeing the Officer
)rous, was more deiirous to know fomething, and
fed more upon him for the truth, giving him an inkling
vhat had heard from the Spaniards before. To which
I
nfwered that if they could agree amongil themfelves,
|
feared no ill report from the Spaniards againft theif
vn i I told him I mult know what they were agreeing
n amongft themfelves fo clofely in the ToWn-hoüfe,
told me, if! would promife him to fay nothing of him
ir he feared the whole Town if they ilhould know he had

aled any thing unto me ) he would iellme thetrnth»

h this I comforted him, and gave him a cup of Wine,
encouraged him, warranting him that no harm ihould
eunto him for what he told me. Then he related the
nefs unto me as the Spaniards had done, and toid me
he thought the Tribes ambngii themfelves would no£
e, for that fome of Gomez his friends hated López and

jch as werefo familiar wich the Devil, and cared not

imez hisdiffembling life were bid open to the World »
others he faid, who were as bad as Lopez 2nd Gome¿ 9
ild have it kept defe, led they and all the Witches

Wizards of the Town fhould be difcovered. This

:k me to the very heart to think that 1 ihould live
mgftfuch people, wh. in I faw were fpending all thef
d get by their work ana labour upon the Churchy
its, and in offerings , and yet were fo privy fo the
ifels of Satan * it grieved me that the Word 5 preached

> them, did no more good, and I reiolved fiom that

: forward tofpend moil of my endeavours againft Satans

ilty, and to illew them more than I had done, the

it danger of their Souls who had made any compact

1 the Devil, thar I might make them abandon and
ire his works , and clofe with Chrift by Faith, i
lhTed the Indian 3
and went to the Church ; to
if the people were come to Mais? I found shere
j 88 A New Survey Chap. X]
no body but only two who were making Gomez, his Grav
I went back to my Chamber, troubled much within n
felf, whether I (hould allow him a Ghriftian burial, wr

had lived and died fo wickedly, as Í had been informe

Yet I thought I was not bjund to believe one Indi
againft him, nor the Spaniards, whom I fuppofed fpo
but by hearfay. Whilft I was thus muling, there car
uwto me atleaft twenty of the chiefeftof the Town wi
the two Majors, Jarates, and all the Officers of Juftice, w!
defired me to forbear that day the burying of John Gorm
for that they had refolved to call a Grown Officer to vi<
his Corps and examine his death, left they all (hould
troubled for him, and he be again unburyed. I made as
I knew nothing but enquired of them the reafon \ then th
related all unto me, and told me how there were witnei
iu the Town who faw a Lyon and a Tyger fighting, ai
prefently loft light of the Beafts, and faw John Gam
and Sebajiian Lopez> much about the fame place parti
one from another j and that immediately John Gomez cai
home bruifed to his bed, from whence he never rofe mo
and that he declared upon his death-bed unto fome ofl
friends that Seba\iian Lopez had killed him > whereup
they had him iniafecufiody. Further they told me tr
though they had never known fo much wickednefs of th
two chief heads oí their Town whom they had much i

fpedted and followed, yet now upon this occailon, frc

the one Tribe and the other they were certainly inform
that both oí rhem did conftantly deal with the Dei
which would be a great afperlion upon their Town, t

they for their parts abjured all fuch wicked ways, ai

prayed me not to conceive the worfe of all for a fe<
whom they were refolved to pcrfecute, and fuffer not
live among
them. I told them I much liked their go
and incouraged them as good Chriitians toendeavc
zeal,
the rooting out Satan from ihtir Town, and they d
very well in giving notice to Guatemala, to the Span,
power, of this accident, and that if they had concealed
they might all have been puniilicd a? guilty oí Gomez \

deal
Chap. XX. of the Weft-Indiés; | fy
death, and Agents with Satan, and his infhuments. f

afiured them I had no jM. conceit of

them, but rather
judged well of them for what they were agreed to do. The
Grown Officer was fent for who came that night and
iearched Gomez his body i I was prefent with him, and
Found it all bmifed, fcratch'd and in many places bitten

arid fore wound «d. Many evidences and fufpicions were

brought in agairsft Lopez by the Indians of the Town*
efpecial by Gomez his friends, whereupon he was carryed
away to Guatemala, and there again was tryed by the fame
witneffes, and not much denying the fad: himfelf, was
there hanged. And Gomez, though his grave was opened
it, but in another made
in the Church, he was not buried in
ready for kirn in a Ditch.
In Mixco I found alfo fome Indians no Uk diffembleis
than was this Gomez, and thofeof the cbiefeft and richeft
of the Town, who were four Brothers called Fuentes, and
half a fcore more. Thefe were outwardly very fair tongued,
liberal, and free handed to the Church, much devoted tú
the Saints, great feaüers upon their day, and yet in fecret
great Idolaters. But it pleafed God to make me his iniifu-
ment, todifcover and bring to light the fecrecy of their
hidden works of darknefs, which it ieems the privacy of
a thick Wood and Mountain had man? years
hid from

the eyes of the World. Some of thefe being one day in

the company of other better Ghriftians drinking
hard of
their Chicha, boafted of their God,
faying that he had

breached unto them better than 1 could preach, nay that

he had plainly told them that they ihould not believe
anything that I pyeached of Chrifr, but follow the old
Ways of their Forefathers, who Wóríhipped their Gods
they were
aright, but now by the example of the Spaniards
deluded, and brought to worihip a falfe God, The other
Chriftians hearing of this began to wonder, and to enquire

oí them where that God was, and with

much ado, pro-
rniilng to follow their ways, and their Gcd,
got out of

them the piace and Mountain where they might rind him.-
though this in drunkennefs were agntd upon, yet in
Gc2 fobeinéf;
 39° ¿ New Survey] Chap. XX
fobernefs the good Chriftians thought better of what the}
had agreed upon, and flighted what before in drinking thej
heard, and yet it was not kept by them fo clofe, but that ii

came to die ears of ¿Spaniard in the Valley i who findinj

himfe'f touched in confcience, came to Mixco to me, anc
told me what he had heard, that fome Indians of that towi
followed an Idol, and boafted that he had preached unt(
them againft my Do&rine, and for the ways of the forme
Heathens. I thanked God k>r that he was pleafed to under
mine the fecret works of Satan daily, and defired the Spa
niard total me by whom he came to know of this. Hi
told me the Indians name from whom he had it, and tha
he was afraid to difcover the Indians and to tell me of ü
I fent for the Indian before the Spaniard, who confelTee
unto me had heard of fuch a thing ^ but knew thai
that he
if he did difcover the Indians, they with the power of th<
Devil would do him much harm i I told him, if he were*
true Chriüian, he ought to right againft the Devil, and
not to fear him, who could do him no harm if God wen
with him, and he clofed by Faith with Chrift, and thai
the difcovery of that Idol might be a means for the conver-
ting of the idolaters, when they ihall fee the iraall powei
of their folie God againft the true God of the Chriftians,
Further I told him plainly, that if he did not tell mc
who the hdtans were, and where their Idol was, that
I would have him tp
Guatemala, and there make him
difcover what he knew. Here the Indian began to tremble,
and told me the Fuentes had boafted of fuch an Idol, whom
ihey called their God, and gave fome iigns of a Fountain
and oí a Pine-Tree at the mouth of a Cave in fuch a Moun-
íain» asked him, if he knew the place, or what kind of
i

Idol was he told me that he had often been in that

it i

Mountain, where he had feen two or three fprings oí

water, but never was in any Cave. I asked him if he would
go with me, and help me to find it out, he refufed iiill
fearing the Idolaters, and wiihed me not to go, for fear
if they ihould be there, they might kill me rather than be
uncovered. ) aniwered him that I would carry wirh me
fuck
 1

Chap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 5 9

ich a Guard as ihould be aWe to defend me againft

hem, and my Faith in the true living God, would fecure me

gainft that falfe God. I reiok/ed theretore with the Spa-
tiard to go to fearch out the cave the next day, and to
:arry with me three or four Spaniards and my Blackmore
not
Miguel Valva, and that Indian. I told him I would
[uffer him to go home to his houfe that day, for fear he
hould difcover in the Town my defign and purpofe, and (o
m might be prevented by the Idolaters, who certainly that
[light would take away their Idol. The Indian dill refu-
ted, till I threatned him to fend for the Officers of Jultfce

and to fecure hisperfon i with this he yielded, and that he

might have no difcourfe with any body in the Town, nor
with the Servants of my houfe, I defired the Spaniard to
take him home to his houfe, and to keep him there clofe
that day and night, promiting to be with him the next
morning. I charged the Spaniards alfo with fecrecy, and fo
diímiífed him with the That day I rid to Vínola
Indian.
for the Blackmore Miguel Valva, and brought him to
Mixco with me, not telling him what my intent was »
Iwent alfo to four neighbouring Spaniards, defiring them
to be in a readinefsthe next morning to go a little way
with me for the fervice of God, and to meet me at fuch
a neighbours houfe, and that if they would bring their
fowling pieces, we might chance to find fome (port where
we went, and as for provifion of Wine and Mear, Í
would provide fufficiently. They promifed to go with
me, thinking that although I told them, it was for the
fervice of God, my purpofe only was to hunt after fome
wild Deerin the Mountains. 1 was glad they coníhued

my aciion that way, and fo went home, and provided

that night a good Gammon ofBacon,and fome Fowls roiled
cold, and others boiled, well peppered and faked for ths
next days work. Where I had appointed my Indian to 6e
kept,1 met with the rell of my company, and from thence

we went together to the place of the Idolaters wpr*

(hipping, which was fome fix miles from Mixco towards
the Town of St. John Sacatepeques. Wnen we came into the
Cc3 Woe i
 j 5> % A New Survey Chap. XX.
Wood we prefently met with a deep Barranca, or bottom
where was a running, which encouraged us to make there
diligent fearch, but nothing could be found from thence
j

we afcended up out of the Barranca, and found after

much time fpent a fpring of water, and looked care-
fully about it, but could find no Cave. Thus in vain we
karched till the Evening, and fearing kit we might lofe
our way and our felves, if the night overtook us, my
friends began to fjpeak of returning homewards. But I
confideringthatas yejtwe had nor gone over one half part
of the Wood, and 10 go home and come again might make
us to be noted, and fpoken of, we thought it our befr way
to take up our lodging that night in the Wood, anc^in that
bottom which we firft feaiched, where was good water
for to drink Chocolatte, and waim lying under the trees,
and io in the morning to make our fccond iearch. The
Company was very willing to yield unto it, and the
cairn night favoured our good intentions. We made a
/ne for our Chocolatte, and fupped exceeding well of our
cold meat, and fpent moil part of the night in merry
difcourfe, having a watchful eye on our Indian, left he
fnould give us the flip, committing him to the charge
of Migticl Valva. In the morning we prayed unto God,
befeeching him to guide us that day in the work we went
about, and todifcoyer uiKousthe Cave of darknefs and.
iniquity, where lay hid that inftrument of Satan, that fo
by his diicovery glory might be given unto our true God,
and ihame and puniihrnent brought upon his enemies. We
enter'd again into the Wood upa fteepy hill, and
having throtghly fearchtd all the South fide of it, we
:
went on to the North fide, where we found another deep
dtfeent, which we begin to walk down looking on every
íide, and not in vain for ahi.oft half a mile from the top
-,

we found fome marks of a way that had been ufed and

trodden, which we followed until we came to another
fpiingof water v we kaiched narrowly about if, and found
ibtre pieces of broken ear. hen diihes and pets, and one
piece gf a d;anng-dlfh 3 fuch a* the Indians ule to burn
Fiankincenie
:hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 393
Churches before their Saints i we
r r ankincenfe in, in the

rSSncd were pieces of fuch inftruments

that thefe
their duty unto their
therewith the Idolaters performed
more comforted for that we knew
[dol, and we were the
had been made in Mxcos the Pine Tree
this earthen ware
confirmed our hopes.
which immediately we difcovered
more fearch, tor
When we came unto it we madevery little
1

was dark within but

neerat hand was the Cave, which
light at the mouth, where
we found more earthen ware,
us of fome Frankincenfe
with aihes in them, which allured
been burned. We knew not how far the Cave
that had
what might be in it, and there-
migh reach within, nor
and lighted a couple of
fore with a flint we ftruck fire
it was broad and
candles and went in i at the entring
we were we found
went a little forward, but when
in,

it turn on the left

hand towards the mountain, and not
rods we found the Idol Handing
upon
far i for within two
linen cloth. Thefubflance oí it
a low ttool covered with a
(hininglike Jet, as ifit had been
painted
was wood, black
a mans head unto the Inouiclers
or fmoaked, the form was of
look was grim
without either Beard or Muítachoes i his
with a wrinkled forehead, and broad
fíartling eyes We
but prefently fcizcd upon
feared not his frowning look,
up we found under him tome
him -and as we lifted him
Rials, which his Favorites had offered unto him \
(ingk
the Cave ; and it
which made us fearch moie diligently
ground more
was not aimfs, for we found upon the
fome plantins and other fruits, wax candles
fingle Rials,
of Hon y little
half burned, pots of Maíz, one little one
whereby
difheswherein Frankincenfe had been burned,
Idolaters and Chriftians both agreed in
T perceived the
I not been informed that they
their offerings s and had
Idol their God, I could have blamed
them no
called this
more than the reft of the Towns who worihip, kneel

before and offer fuch offerings

unto their Saints made of
Wood, and fome nohandfomerthan was this Idol, which
I thought, might
have been fome beafts fhape» but being
the iba pe and form of a man, they
might have named him
CC4, by
 394 A New Survey Chap XX
¡ÜEFASSKfá - f0 0mC ^"ave'excufed"
Kin tK!tte"r J d0' " ot
u
w°»'<> 'hey do

ää™^ r,r a te a

««««etill night, and then to

enter „Äf g*S
be many, and r,fe up againft me ) that had
I
I fomewhat

wpnW.KOt have them know of

til SlTj the Idol

S.h Í" *'" hcat,n

8' and f0 *e I«W»««s might
r
w m me 3nd went home, and
*WÄ*
'

Ä tÚ
IAÍ.Y- „ > ihutrine ut>
ti henext &bbath
Itlilt* t0"/ - '

2
harm
ha
by
&
m.ght come unto him
"°' hin for bc k "™
* he¡It
SSSfiW
me
WW. I
I ¿
kept ^ srr
U,d r ,d
be known that he "ad
M.guHVaha with me, who was
^"Äi'
been
from the Idolater "«vTl

with
«u* defi
to fee the end of
the bulineir, and
again" the next Sababath to
prepared 1 fif
preach upon the it of Ihl

Ä"dTr
pel ot the day, I
from whence
of Rove the Text, and fubjetfts
Tex R0thins
commonly i„ the Church
"""d"* i0 ¡h g":

of Sermons aré deducíed*

bur
3*p. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 39?
at I judged that Text moil feafonabk
for the prefent oc-

ifion. On the Sabbath day in the morning, when the

ulpit was made ready by him who had care of
the Church

id Altars, I caufed Miguel Dalva to carry under

his

and to leave it in the Pulpit upon the ground

lloak the Idol,
lat it might not be feen, till fuch time as 1 ihould think he
i my Sermon to produce it, and to walk about the Church
11 the Congregation came in, that none
might fee it or
bke it away. Never was there a greater refort from
abroad
) that Church than that day oí Spaniards and
Blackmoorss
'ho by the warning I fent unto them expe&ed fome great
latter from me, and of the Town very few were abfent,
le Fuentes and all the reft that were fufpe&ed to be
that
Jols favorites (little thinking that their God was brought

om his Cave,and now lay hid in the Pulpit toiharne them)-

imealfo that day to Church. I commanded Miguel Dalva
)be himfeif near the Pulpit at Sermon time, and to warn
wfe Spaniards that knew the bufinefs, and fome more
ilackmoors his friends to be alfo near the Pulpit flairs.
Thus Mafs being ended, I went up to preach ; when I
:hearfed the words, of my Text, I perceived both Spa-
iards and Indians began to look one upon another, as
ot being ufed to Sermons out of the Old Teftamenf. I
^ent on laying open this Command of God having no
ther Gods before him, fo that the Doctrine might feern
} convince all that were there prefent, as well Saint- wor-

as indeed tho'e Idol-woribippers, if the caufe of

lippers,
lypreaching upon thatfubjed had not diverted (heir eyes
om themfelves to behold their own guiltincfs of Idolatry,
tid upon thofe who worihipped a piece of
to look only
^ood God,and not,as they did, for a Saint (which yet in
for
ly judgment was much alike. ) After I had fpoken what I
lought concerning that horrible fin, and ihewed that no
fit

reature could have the power of God ( who was the

Teatorofall things) neither could do good or harm with-
in the true living Gods CommiiTion,, efpecially inanimate

features asitockf, and ftones, who by the hand and work-

lanfhip of man might have eyes, and yet were dead Idols,
and
 39<S J New Survey Chap. XX
and fee not, might haveand not hear, might hav
ears
mouths, and not fptak, might have hands, and not
wort
nor help or defend with them fuch as worihipped
there
and bowed down unto them.
Thus having half my
Sermon, I b&wed my fti
finished
down in the Pulpit, and
up the black, grim and flaririj
lifted
Devil,and placed that Dagon on one tide of the Pulpit, witl
my eyes fixed upon fome ot the Fnentei and others, who
perceived changed their colour, bluihed, and were for
troubled, looking one upon another. I defired the Con

gregation to behold what a God was worihipped b

fome of them , and all to take notice ot him, if an
knew what part of the earth was the Dominion of thi
God or from whence he came. 1 told them that fom
,

had boafted that this piece of Wood had fpoken anc ,

preached againit what I had taught ot Chrift, and tha

therefore he was worihipped by them for God, and the'
had offered Mony, Hony, and of the Fruits of the eartl
unto him, and burnt Frankincenfe before him in a fecre
and hidden Cave under the earth, (hewing thereby tha
they were aihamed to own him publickly, and that h<
lurking in the darkneís of the earth, ihewed certainly tha
he belonged to the Prince of darkneís. I challenged hitr
there in publick to fpeak for himfelf, or elfe by filencc tc
ihame and confound all his worihippers. I ihewed rherr
how being but wood, he had been made and faihioned bj
the hands of man, and therefore was but a dead Idol
I fpent a great deal of time arguing with him , and
defying Satan who had ufed him as his Infirument, daring
the Devil himfelf to take him from that place which 1

had confined him to if he could, to ifaw what little powei

lie or Satan had againit the power of my faith in Chriit,

After much arguing and reasoning according to the (hallow

Capacity of the Indians preferit, I told them if that theii
God had power to deliver him from that execution,
which 1 had intended againit him (which was there pub-
Jickly to have him cut in pieces, and burnt) they mould
¿iot believe the Gofpelof Jefus Chrift \ but if they faw nc

powej
up. XX. of the Weft-Indies- 397
weratallin him againft me the weakeft inftrumeni of

¡true living God, then I befeeched them to be conver-

that tiue God who created all things, and to
Í unto
ibrace falvation by his Son the only Mediatour and Sa^
>ur JefusChiift, and to renounce and abjure from thai
M all Heatheniih Idolary of their forefathers, alluring
em what was paft I would intercede for them, and
for
:ure them from what
puniihment might be infiiäecl
if they would
»on thembythePrefidcntandBi(hop,and
me to me, I would fpend my beft endeavours for the

lping and furthering of them in ihe way

of GhrimV

*y* r *
And thus concluding without naming any perlón, I
the Idol tobe
ent down out of the Pulpit, and caufed
:ought after me, and fending for an axe,
and for two osc
iree great pans of coals, I commanded
him to be hewers
iveiy fmall pieces, and to be call in the fire
and burned
;fore all the people in the midft of
the Church. The
laniards cried out joyfully näomtääma,
and others re»
eated, Gloria d nojlro Dios, Glory to our
God : the Idola-
iisheld their peace and fpake not then a
word. But aft-
erwards they aäed moft fpightfully againit me, and
onfpired day and night to get me at fome advantage,
nd to kill me. I writ to the Prefident of Guatemala in-
orming him of what Í had done, and to the Bjíhop ( asan
nquiiitor to whom fuch cafes of Idolatry did belong ) to
)einformed from him of what courfe I mould take with
he Indians who were but in part yetdifcovei'd
unto me,
md thofe only by the relation of one Indian, From both
received great thanks for my pains in
fearching the
[

mountain, and finding out the idol, and for my zeal in

burning of it. And as touching the Indian Idolaters
their

counfel untóme was, that I ihould further

enquire alter

the reftand difcovcr as many as I could, and

endeavour to
convert them to the God by fair and
know lege of the true

fweet means, (hewing them for their great

pity unto
blindnefs,and proroiting them upon their repentance par-
don from the inquifition, which conndenng them to be
but
 W% A New Surrey Chap. X5
but new plants, ufeth not fuch rigour with them, which i

ufethwith Spaniards, if they fall into fuch horrible

fim
This advice 1 followed, and fent privately for the
Fuente,
to my chamber, and told them how merciful the
InquiG
tion was unto them, expe&ing their converfion
anc
amendment. They feemed fomwhatftubborn and angrj
for that Í had burned that God, whom not
only they, bul
many others in the Town, and alfo in the Town of Saini
John Sacatepeques did woríhip. Í ufed reafons to perfwadt
them no honour was due unto it, as to a God. But one
ol
them boldly replyed, that they knew that it was a piece ol
wood and of it felf could not fpeak, but feeing it had fpoken
(as they were allwitneffes > this was a miracle whereby
«hey ought to be guided, and they did verily
believe that
God was in that piece oí wood, which iince the ipeech
made by it was more than ordinary wood, having God him-
felt in it, and therefore deferved more
offering and acjora-
tion than thofe Saints in the Church, who did
never fpeak
onto the people. I told them that the Devil rather
had
framed that ipeech ( if any they had heard
J for to deceive
and lead them to hell; which they might eafily
iheir fouls
perceive from the
Do&rine which I was informed he had
preached againg Chrirt the only begotten
Son of God
whom the Father loveth and in whom he is well pleafed!
and againft whom he certainly would not fpeak
in that
Idol Another anfwend boldly, our forefathers never
knew
what Chrift was, until the Spaniards came unto that
Countrey i but they knew there were Gods,
and did
woríhip them, and did iacrince unto them and
; for ought
they knew this God of theirs belonged in
old times unto
their forefathers. Why then, I faid unto them, he was a
weak God who by my hand hath been burned
} I per-
ceived that at that time there was no reafoning
with them,
for they were i'tubborn and captious, and fo I difmiiTed
them. Had not God moftgracioufly protc&ed me againft
thefe my enemies, I had certainly been murthered by
them ; for a month after the burning of the Idol, when
I thought ail had been forgotten, and chat the Idolaters
were
hap. XX: of the Weft-Indies. 599
:re quiet, then they began to ad their fpight and malice,
tiichfirft I diicovcred by a noife which once at midnight

heard of people about my houfe, and at my chamber

)Ori to whom I calPd out from my bed not daring to
jen, but could have no anfwer from th*m. Í perceived
ley would have come in by force, for rhey puihed hard
Whereupon I took fuddainly the iheets from
the door.
fmy Bed, tying them with a ftrong knot together, and
ith another to a bar of the;window, making my felf ready
1fall down by them to the ground, and to to flie in the

irk night, if they had u(ed violence to come in. The

eets being thus prepared, and they ftill at the door thruit-
ig without any word from them, I thought by calling and
ying out aloud I might affright them away. Wherefore
ith a (brill voice I call'd fir ft to my fervants, who were
at boys, and lay at the further end of a long Gallery, then
cryed out to the neigbouring houies to come and aflift
le The fervants had heard the noife and
againft thieves.
rere whoprefently at my call came out \ and
awake,
rith their coming my enemies ran down the flairs, and

rerfheard no more that night. But 1 perceiving which

?ay their fpight and malice was bent, thought tit to be no
lore alone in the night, with boys oniy in io great a houfe
s was that of Mixco i whereupon the next day I fent for
ly trufty friend Miguel Valva who was able ro right alone
rith any half dozen of Indians, wifhinghiro to bring with

ira what weapons he could get for my defence. I kept him

irith me a fortnight
and the next Sabbath í gave warning
\

n the Church, that whofoever came in the night to my

loufe to affright me, or to do me any other mifchief mould

30k to himfeif, for that I had weapons, both oríeníive and
lefenfive. Though for a while I heard no more of them,
ret they defiüed not altogether from their evil and mali-
ious intents i for knowing that Miguel Valva did not lie
n the chamber with me, a fortnight after ( I being till
ibout midnight wirh my Candle ftudying) they came
ip the ftairs fo foftly that I heard them not } but the
Uac^mGQT being awake it feems perceived that they were
coming
 400 A New Survey Chap. XJ
coming up, and fcftly arofe up from a long Table wher«h
lay upon a Mat, and took in hishandsa couple of b>icl
bats of many which lay under the table for a work which
had in hand, and as he opened the door made a litt
noife which was to them an item to flie down tr
ftairs, and to run they thought ) for their lives. Tfi
( as

Blackmore did run after them, and finding they ha

alio

got toc> much advantage of him, and not knowing whic

way they might take, fent after them with a fury his tw
brick bats, wherewith he fuppofed he did hit one of then
for the next day walking about the Town he met witl
one of the Fuentes having a Cap on his head, and heir
quired of fome Indians what he ailed, and he underftoo»
by them that his Head was broke, but how they knew noi
They perceiving that I was thus guarded by Miguel Dafoa
deíífíed from that time from coming any more in the nigh
unto my houfe, but yet defiifcd not from their fpight an<
malice and from ading mifchkf sgainft me. For a montl
after when I thought that all had been forgotten, and the;
feeroed outwardly to be kind and courteous, there came i

meffenger to me from the oldtit of them, named Pabl

Je Fuentes, to telime that he was very fick, and like u
die, and defired me to go to comfort and initrud him it

the' truth, for that he truly defired to be converted.

conceived very great joy at this news, and doubted not o
the truth and certainty of it, and prayed to God to dire£
me in the convertion of that foul i and fo with hafte 3nc
good zeal, I Wf nt unto his houfe, where foon my joy anc

comfort was turned into bitternefsi for when I came tc

the door of his houfe,
and was with one ikp entrcd, 1

found all che brothers of Pablo Fuentes, and iome others

who were fufpc&ed to be Idolaters, fitting round the
room i and miffing Pablo, I withdrew my Foot a little,
and asked them where he was, mittruiting fomewhat tc
fee them there all gathered together i but when Í per-
up, nor anfwercd me a word,
chived that they iiood not
their hats to me, then I began to
nor fo much as took off
fear indeed, and toíufpeít forae treachery •, and fo I turned
:hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 401
>ack refolving to But no foonfr was I
go home again.
urned, bat behold Pablo Fuentes ( who by his menage had
éigncd both fickncfs and converfioo ) came from behind
lis hcufe with a€udgd in his hand,
lifting it up ío fttike

ne. Had Í. not catched hold oí his ñick with both my

and prevented the intended blow, certainly he had
lands,
kuek me down. Bin whilft he and I were ftriving for Vl
the ftick who
íhculd be maittr of it, the reft cf the Indians
who were fitting in the hnufe, came out into the yard
{
which being a Publick place was more comfort to me than
if they had compaííed me about within the houfe ) and

befet me round, fome pulling me one way, fome another,

tearing my cloaths in two or three places, another to make
me let go my hand from the ftick with a kniferun me into
the hand ( which to this day a fmail fear doth witnefs)
and certainly had we not been in a publick yard, that
party had alfo have run his knife in to my fides j another
feeing I would not let go the ftick, took hold of it withr
Pablo and both together thruft it againft my mouth, and
with fuch ftrength -that they broke fome of my teeth, and
filled my mouth with gore blood, with which blow Í fell,

but foon recovered my felf and arofe, they laughing at me3

but not daring to do mc any more harm for fear they
ihould be feen, as God would have feen what already they
had done j for a Mulacta Have to a Spaniard in the Valley^
at that very time when 1 was down and riiing pafled bys
and hearing me cry out for help to the neighbours f who
lived fomewhat might help and fuccour me,
far off that
for all the houfes thereabouts were of the brothers the
Fuentes ) came into the yard, and feeing me all in blood
thought i had been mortally wounded, and calling them
murtherers, ran along the ftreet crying, Murther, murther
in Fablo Fuentes his yard, till &e came to the Market-
place and Town-houfe, where (he found the Maiors and
Jurats fitting, and a couple of Spaniards, who when they
heard of my danger, with drawn fwords came prefently
running with all the officers of Juftice to the yard of Pahh
Fmnjes to aid and affift me-, but in the mean while the I-
dolaters
-
40X A New Survey Chap. XX.'
dolaters perceiving the outcry of the Mulatta, began to fall
away and to hide themfelves i Pablo Fuentes going to ihut
up his houfe alfotoabienthimfelf, I held him hard to it,
finving with him that he might not efcape away till iome
help came unto me. The Spaniards when they came and
faw me all in blood, made furioufly to Pablo Fuentes with
theirnaked Swords, whom S flopped defiring them not to
hurt him, left what harm they did unto him fbould be
imputed unto me. I wiihtd the Juftice not to fear him
though he were a rich Indian, and as they would anfwtr
before the Prefident of Guatemala to lay hold of him, and
to carry him to Prifon, which they prefently performed.
I made the Spaniards and the Mulatta to witnefs under
writing by way of information what they had feen, what
bloud about my clothes, what wound in my hand, what
blow in my mouth they had found, and ient with fpeed to
the Prefident of Guatemala this their information. The
bufinefs was foon noifed about the valley, whereupon moft
of the Spaniards came to oifer their help and aid unto me,
Miguel Valva alfo chancing to be near at a Spaniards houfc
in the fame valley came with the reft, who would have
done that nightfome mifchief among the Indians'ú I had
not prevented them. I defired them to depart and go

home to their houfes, telling them I feared nothing, and

that Miguel Dalva his company would be guard enough
unto me. But they would by no means yield unto this,
faying that night might prove more dangerous unto me
than I imagined, and that I needed a ftronger guard than
of one man alone i for they conceived that the idolaters
knowing what already they had done and fearing what
grievous puniihment might be inflicted upon them fr»m
the Prefident of Guatemala, ieeing themfelves loft and
undone men, might defperatly that night refcue their
brother out of Prifon, and attempt fome mifchief againft
me, and to flie away. Which ! could not be brought to
fear, or to believe any fuch thing of their cowardly fpirits,
nor that they íhould flie away, for that they'had houfes and
land therein and about the Town, yet I was willing for
one
¡hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies: 405
ie night ro yield to have a ftronger Guard of Spaniards
ian at other times I had had with Blackamoor Miguel
¡alva alone, Aiter Sapper rhey kept watch about my houfe
IIfuch time as they perceivei all was iiill, and the Indians
and then ihey fet a watch about the Prifon that
bed,
%bU Fuentes might not be taken out ; and after this 4
ill
pretending that they were in danger as well as I, being
it about a dozen, if the Town (hould all rife and mutiny

f
the fuggeftion of the idolaters, who moft of them were
ch and powerm! with the reft which yet I feared not)
would needs go and raife up the two Alcaldes or
ey
taiors alone, with two more petty officers to make fearch

>out the Town for the reft of the Fuentes and othei
lown Idolaters j that being found they might fecure them
1the Prifon to appear at Guatemala^ and prevented from
ring any mifchief either that night, or at any other time.
Hth this ftir which they made, and their care of me,
ley fuffeied me not to take any reft that nighti but went

id called up the Alcaldes and two Officers and brought

íem to my houfe, defiring me to fignifie unto them, how
L and neceffary it was to fearch for the reft of the Indians»
he poor Alcaldes trembled to fee fo many Spaniards at
lat time in my houfe with naked Swords, and durft not

at do what they thought beft to be done, and fo from my

oufe about midnight they walked about the Town,

arching fuch houfes as they moft fufpe&ed might con-
:al any of the Fuentes, or of the reft that been that
ly in the rebellion and mutsny sgainft me: They couJd
id none at home, till at laft coming to the Houfe of one
orenzo Fuentes, one of the Brothers, they found all that
id been in the confpiracy agamft me, gathered together
finking and
quaffing. The houfe being befet there was
D flying nor efcaping, and feeing the Spaniards naked
words., they durft not rebel, who doubtlcis ( as we were
forwards informed ) would have made a great ftir in
le Town that night,and were met together to refcue
alio their brother, and to do me fome mifchief
nd flic, not knowing that I was fo ftjongly man-
Pd o cd
r
404 A New Survey Chap. XX
ned and Guarded by the Spaniards. There were ten i

them, and were prefently without any noife in the Tow

carried to the Frifon, and there íhut up, and Guarded!
the Spaniards.
In the morning the Prefident of Guatemala ( who the
was Von Juan de Guzman a Religious GovernourJ takin
'>

into his confideration what the day before I had writ unl
him, and judging my danger to be great, fent a Spani¡
Alguazile, or Officer of Juftice with a very large Con
million to bring prifoners in the City all thofe India?
who the day before had been in rebellion againftme, an
in cafe they could not be found, then to the feize upon wh;
Goods foever of theirs could be found in Mixco. But wit
the diligence of the Spaniards the night before they wei
all in a readinefs for him, and paying the Alguazile fir

his charges ( which he demanded as he lifted ) and bearin

the charges of Miguel Valva, and two or three moi
Spaniards, who were commanded in the Kings name t

be aiding and affifting the Officer for the fafer carryin

them to Guatemala, they were horfed and had away ths
day to the Prefident, who commited them clofe Prifoneri
and afterwards commanded them to be whipped about tr
Street?, banifhtd two of them from Mixco to the Golf c
St. Thomas de Ga(Hlia, and would have baniihed them al
had they not humbled themfelves, and deiired me to in
f ercede for them, promiiing to amend their lives, and t
make me great fatisfadion, if they might return again t
their Town, and that if ever more they did ftir againft m<
they would yield to be hanged and to lofe all their Good<
With this the Prefident (fining them yet to pay twent
Crowns a piece to the Church to be imployed in what
mould think fitteft; fent them back i who as they hat
promifed, came unto me, and humbled themfelves befor
me with much weeping, with many expreffions, ihewinj
their forrow from their hearts for what they had done
calling all upon the Devil, whom they confefled had beei
great with them in tempting them, whom alfo now the
did abjure and renounce, promifling to live as goot
Chiiitiaii!
¡hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 405
hriftians, and never mere to worihip any God but otifr.
was very much taken wish their deep iorrow cxprdfed
ith many tears, and endeavomed to inftiuft them in the

ue knowledge of Chriit, whom now t found they were

;ry willing to imbrace. 1 lived not vay long after in that

own i but for the time Í did continue in k, 1 found ä

eat change and alteration in their lives, which truly
ademe apt to judge that their repentance was unfained.
nd thefe former particulars of a few Indians of thofe two
owns, Í have not here inferred to bring an afperCon
>on all that nation, ( which I do very much affedfr, and
ould willingly fpend the beft drops oí blcud in my veins
do them good and to fave their fouls) but to caufe rather
ty and commiferation towaids them, who after fo
any years preaching have been made as yet but formal
id outward Chriftians, and by the many Saints of Wood,
hich tliey have been taught to worihip by the Hiefts,
tve rather been inclined to the fnpeiflifion and Idolatry
their Forefathers, and to truft to living Creatures, and
>wto inanimate flocks and floncs, which they dayly fte
xformed publickly in their Churches. Cartainly they are
a good and flexible nature, and ( were thofe Idols of
'

lints Statues removed from their eyes) might be brought

fily to worihip one only God, and whereas, they fo

illingly hviili out their fmall means and what they
jour for, in offerings to their Priefts and to their Saints,
id in maintaining lazy finging Lubbards, they without

)ubt would be free eoough to true Miniflcrs of Gods

ford, who fhould venture their lives to beat down thofe
lie Gods, and fet up JefusChrift, and him that fent him
to the World to fave fuchas truly believe in him.
The year that this flit happened in Mixco, I received
:.m Rome from the General of the Dominicans Order s
icenee to come heme to England > at which I rejoyced
uch, for now I was even veary with living amongit the
idiansyand grieved to fee the little fruit I reaped amongft
iem, and that for fear of the Inquifition I duift not preach
new Gofpel unto them, which might make them true,
Dd 2 tea}
r T
40¿ A New Survey XX. Chap.
real,and inward Chriftians and laftly, for that I perceived
•,

that dntonb Méndez de Satomayor) who was Lord of the

Town of Mixco ) did ftomach me for having caufed two ol
his Town to be baniihed, and publickly affronted th<
Fuentes for their Idolatra, which he thought was a greai
afperfion laidupon his Indians,
All which well considered I writ unto the Provincia
(who was then in Chiapa ) of my delire to return hom<
to mine own Country, for the which I had a Licence feni
unto me from Ropie. But he having heard of what gooc
I had done in the Town of Mixco in reducing fome Idola-
ters, burning their Idol, and venturing my Life in fo gooc
a caufe i and alfo for the perfect knowledge which now 1

had of the Poconcbi tongue, would by no means yield thai

I íhoüld go i but with fair and flattering words incouragec
me to ftay, where he doubted not, but I did, and I mighi
yet do God much more good Service and that he migh
:

the better work upon me, he fent me a Patent of Vicar o:

the Town and Cloifter of Amatitlan, where, at the prefen
there was a new Cloifter a building to feparate all tha
valley from the Cloifter of Guatemala. He defired me tc
accept of that fmall preferment, not doubting but that
fpeaking fo well the Indian language might prevail much it
that place, and better than another, to further the building
of that new Cloifter > which work would be a good ftq
for him to advance me afterwards to fome better prefer
ment. Although I regarded neither that prefent Superio.
rity, nor any tetter Honour which might afterwards enfui
untóme, I thought the time which God had appointed foi
my returning to England was rot yet come ; for that i
the Provincial, and with him the Prefident of GuatemaU
( forfo much I conjeótured out of the Provincials letter]
fhould both oppofe and hinder my departure from tha
Country, it would be very hard for me to take my Journej
anyway, and not be difcovered and brought back. Where-
upon I refolv'd to ftay the Provincials coming to Guate-
mala, and there to confer with him face to face, and to fhc*
him fome reasons that movtd mc to leave th.n Country
ant
:hap.XX. of the Weft-Indies: 407
for
nd to feek again mine own wherein I was born. So
be prefent I accepted of the Town of Amatitlany
where I ha»
occafions of getting Mony than in the other
two,
lore
/here I had lived five full years', for albeit that
Town
together,
lone was bigger than both Mixco and Pinola
nd the Church fuller of Saints pictures and Statues, and
ery many Fraternities and Sodalities belonged unto it i

elides this from without the Town I had great comings in

rom the Ingenio of Sugar, which as I related before flood
lofe unto that Town, from whence I had dayly
offerings

rom the Black-moars and Spaniards that lived in it , and

1 fides this I had under my charge another leiTer Town
ailed St. Cbriftoval de Amatitlan, (landing two
leagues

rom great Amatitlan. This Town of St. Cbriftoval, or

It.
Language, Palinha %
Cbriftopber, is called properly in that

% llgnifying Water, and Pali, to ftand upright, and is

ompounded of two words, which exprefs Water (landing
tpright for the Town (landeth >on the backfide of the
•,

/ulcan of Water, which looketh over Guatemala, and on

his fide fendeth forth many Fountains, but efpecially
Jpouteth forth from a high rock a Stream of Water, which
is it falleth from high with a great noife and
down- fall, the
ock (landing upright over the bottom where it falleth,

md caufeth a moil Pleafant Stream by the Towns fide, it

lath moved the Indians to call their Town, Paliaba, from

he high and upright (landing rock, from whence the Water
alleth. In this Town there are many rich Indians, who
:rade in the coail of the South Sea ; the Town is an har-
jour ihadowed with many Fruitful Trees i but the chief
Fruit here is the Pinna, which groweth in every Indians yard
md with the nearnefs of the Ingenio of Sugar, are by trie
Spaniards thereabouts much made up in Preferves, foriie
whole, fome in dices, which is the daintieil and moil
tafcious Preferve that I ever did eat in that Country. The
Indians of this Town get much by boardsi of Cedar, which
they cut out of many Cedar-Trees, which grow on that fide
Df the Vulcan, which they fell to Guatemala and all about
the Country fot new buildings.
Pd 3 Betwefn
—
408 A New Survey Chap." XX.
Between great Amatitlan and this Town the way is
plain, and lieth under a Vulcan of fire, which formerly was
wont to fmoak as much as that of Guatemala; but having
formerly burft out at the top, and there opened a great
mouth, and caft down to the bottom mighty ftones (which
to this day are to be feen ) it hath not fince been any ways
troublefome unto the Country. In this way there was in
my time new a Trapiche of Sugar erecting up by out John
Baptifta of Guatemala^ which was thought would prove
very ufeful, and profitable unto the forefaid City. I had
yet for the time that I lived in Amatitlan another very
littleVillage at my charge, called Pampichi at the bottom
of a high mountain on the other fide of the Lake over
againft if, which was but a Chappel ofeafe unto great
Amatitlan, unto which I went not above once in a quarter
of a year, and that for paftme and recreation, for this
Village is well in that Language a compound alfo of Pant,
in, and Vichi flowers, for that it ílandeth compared about
with flowers which make it very pleafant, and the boats
or Cano's which do conftantly ftand near the doors of
the houfes, invite to much pleafure of fiihing and rowing
about the Lake.
And thus whilft I lived in Amatitlan I had the choice oí
three places wherein to recreate my ftlf, and becaufe the
charge of many fouls lay in my hands, I had one conftamly
to help me. The Town of Amatitlan was as the Court in
refped of the reft, where nothing was wanting that might
recreate the mind and fatisfie the Body with variety and
change of fubftance, both for Fifh and Fleih. Yet the great
care that did lie upon me in the work and building of the
Cloifter, made me very foon weary of living in that great
and pleafant Town ; for fometimes I had thirty, fometimes
twenty, fometimes fewer, and fometimes forty work men
to look unto, and to pay wages to on Saturday nights,
which I found wearied much my brain, and hind red my
iludies, and was befides a work which I dilighted not in,
nor had any hopes ever to enjoy it. And therefore after
the firil year that I had been there I betook my fclf to
the
:hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies, 409
e Provincial, who was in Guatemala, and again earncftty

fought him to peruie the Licence which I had from

omt to go to England mine own Country for to
preach

lere ( for that was the chief ground of kiting me go

ome, as the General largely exprcííed) where 1 doubted
otbut I might do God great iervice, and in Confcience
told him I thought I was bound to employ what parts
}od had beftowed upon me, rather upon my own
Countrymen, than upon Indians and ftrangess. The Pro-
iucial replyed unto me that my Contrymen
were He-
sticks, and when I came amongft them
they would hang

le up, 1 told them, I hoped better things of

them, and
latl would not behave my felf amongit them fo as to de-

;rve hanging/ not daring to tell him what was in my

eart concerning points of Religion. After a long
difcourfe

found the Provincial inexorable, and half angry, felling

le that he and that whole province had caft their eyes

me, and honoured me, and were ready and willing
¡pon
promote me further, and that I would (new my felf
Mr
^ery ungrateful unto them, if I mould forfake
them for
ny own nation and people, whom I had not known from
ny young and tender age. I perceived there was no more
be faid, and all would be in vain, and fo refolv'd to
ake my beft opportunity, and with my Licence from Rome
come away unknown unto him. But for the prefent I
lumbly befeeched him to remove me from Ammtlan^ for
hat I ibund my felf unable to undergo that great charge
tnd too weak for that ftrong work,tbat war then building,
kVith much ado he would be bi-ought to this, alledging
what an Honour it was to be a Founder and builder of a
[iew Cloiiter, in whofe walls my very name would be en-
graved to pofterity, all which I told him Í regarded not,

but eikemed more of my health and a quiet mind,, than of

fiich preferments and vanities. Upon which at hit he con-
äefcended to myrequeft, and gave me order go to Peta-
fta,and that the Vicar of Petafa ihould go to finiib the
work of Amatitlan. In Petapa I lived above a twelve
tnonthj with great eafe, pleafure and content fog all things
4 Dd worciSy
4 o
* A New Survey Chap. XX.
w ordly and outward
but within I had ftill a worm of
•,

Conference, gnawing this gourd that ihadowed and de-

lighted me with wordly contentment. Here I grew more
and more troubled concerning fome points of Religion,
dayly wiihing with Vavid, that I had the wings of a
Dove, that I might flie from that place of dayly Idolatry
into England, and be at reft. I refolv'd therefore to put
©n a good courage, and relie wholly upon my God,
knowing that the Journey was hard and dangerous, and
might bring ihame and trouble unto me, if 1 ihould be
taken in the way flying and brought back to Guatemala i
here Í weighed the affliction and reproach which might
enfue unto me, after fo much Honour, pleafure, and wealth
which I had enjoyed for about twelve years in that Coun-
try i but in another balance of better confidcration, I
weighed the trouble of a wounded Confcience, and the
iphitual joy and comfort that í might enjoy at home with
the people oí Gcd, and fo refolutely concluded upon that
place of Heb. 11,15.26. 27. with Mofes, to choofe rather
to fufTer affliction with the people of God ( who as Paul
well obferveth, iJhejf. 3. preappointed thereunto* and
again Phil. 1. 29. unto whom it is' given in the behalf of
Chiift, not only to believe in him, but alio to fuffer for his
fake ) than to enjoy the pleafures of fin for a feafo» i eftee-
ttiing the reproachof Chrift greater riches than the treafures
in Egypt. So for faith and a Uk
confcience I now purpofed
likewise with Mofes to íotkác Egypt, not fearing the. wrath
of the Prefident the Kings own Deputy , nor of the Provin-
cial and my beft friends \ but to indure all this ( if I ihould
betaken ) as feeing him who is invifible. I thought this
was a bufinefs not to be conferred with and bloud,
fleih
left the beft friend knowing of it ihould yet on
betray
i me
the other fide, I thought it hard to flie alone without fome
friends for the firft two or three days Journey i and befides
having inany things to fell away to make Mony of, I
thought 1 were better to imploy fome trufty friend, than to
¿0 all alone. I thought of none fitter than Miguel Dalva,

wfcorji by king experience I knew to be true and tmfty, and

that
¡hap.' XX. */ the Weft-IndiesJ 41 1

at afmall money matter would

content him-, whom
I

ntfor to Finóla, and charging

him withfecrecy, I told
m I had a Journey for
my confcience fake to make to
ome ( I would not tell him that 1 intented England, left

»e good old Black moor

ihould grieve, thinking nevermore
for the love he bare me, and intereft he
had
) fee me, and
difcovering my intent,
any times from me, he ihould by
ek to ftop me ) which I would have
none to know of but
imfelf, not doubting but return again, as he knew
many
within two years.
ad taken the like Journey, and returned
The Blackmoor offered himfelf to go with me, which I re-
ufed, telling him that the feas
would be too hard for his old
and that as a Blackamoor in forain Countries
gc to endure,
le might be flopped and
apprehended for a fugitive \ which
eafon he liked well, and offered himfelf
"ar as the fea fide ; for which 1 thanked
to go with me as
him and employed
u
feli me away fome Mules,
Wheat and Maíz which I had,
elfe might pafs through his
hands. As for many
md what
richpi&ures which hung in my Chamber, I thought the
Town of Petapa would buy them for their Church, and
propounded it unto the Governour, who willingly accepted
of them. Moft of my books, chefts, cabinets, quilts, and
many good pieces of houihold fluff by the pains and in-
duftry of Miguel ( whom I kept with me
for the fpace of

Months came away I fold to Guatemala, re-

two before 1 )
chefts, with iome
ferving only two Petaca's or leathern
books and a quilt for my Journey. When I had fold all that

1 intended, I found I had in Spanifb money near 9000

pieces of Eight, which I had got in
twelve years that 1 lived

in that Countrey. So much Mony I thought would be too

cumberfome for along Journey, whereupon I turned above

four thoufand of them into pearls and fome
precious ftones,

which might make my carriage the lighter i the reft I laid

up in bags, fome I fowed into my quilt, intending in the
way to turn them into Spanijh Piftols. Thus the chief pro-
vifion being made of Mony, I took care for
Chocolate and
fome Conferves, for the way, which were foon provided.
Now becaufe I coniidercd thai my flight the fjrft week muft
 4 i* A New Survey Ch ap.XXI
b e with fpeed, and that my
chefts could not poa day and
mght as my
intended to do i I thought offending my
felf
carriage four days at leaft before
me; and not daring to
ttuft any Indian of Petapa,
I fent to Mixco for one fpecial
Indian friend whomi had there, who
knew the way that
I was to travel very well i to whom I opened
my mind,
and offered him what money I knew would
content him,
and at midnight fent him away with two
Mules, one for
himfelf, and another for my chefts,
wiíhing him to keep
on travelling towards St. Miguel, or Nicaragua
till I
gave him the advantage of four days and nights,
and then
refolutely with my good Blackamoor in my
company,leaving
the key of my chamber in my door, and
nothing but old
papers within, when all the Indians were
faft afleep, I bid
adieu unto Petapa, and to the whole Vally,
and to all my
friends throughout America.

CHAP. xxr.

Shewing my journey from the Town ¿/Petapa, into

England, and jome chief faffages in the way.

THepurpofe
chief thing which troubled me in my refolv'd
come home, was the choice of the fafeft
to
way i which made me utterly forfake the Gulf ( though
the eafieft way of all, and that Sea neareft to the place
where I lived) for that I knew I ihould meet there with
many of my acquaintance, and the fetting out of the (hips
was fo uncertain, that before they departed, order
might come from Guatemala to ftop me i if I ihould go by
land through Comayagua or Truxillo, and there wait for
the (hips, likewife
I feared left the Governour of that place

by fomc item from the Preiident of Guatemala might exa-

1
mine me, and fena me back, and that the Matters of the
(hips might have charge given them not to
receive me
into
:hap. XX. of the Weft-Indies. 415
nto their (hips, lfl mould go back to Mexico and Vera
rttZy then I called to mind,
how I was troubled in that
>ng Journey, when I came firft to Chiapa in company of
iends, and that now alone I (hould certainly be much
tit to it, for I would carry Miguel Valva fofar by land with
ne. Wherefore rejecting thefe three ways,! chofe the fourth,
vhich was by Nicaragua and the Lake of Granada i and
herefore I deferred my Journey till the week after Cbri(l-
out from
M, knowing that the 'time of the Frigats' fetting
hat lake to the Havana was middle of
commonly after the

fanuary, or at Candlemas at the furtheft,

whither I ho-
)cd to reach in very good time. Now that I might
by no
neans be fufpe&ed to have taken this way before I went ••>

[ left by the hand of Miguel Valva a letter to

a friend

;>f his to be delivered to the Provincial in Guatemala^ four

days after my departure, wherein 1 kindly took my leave

of him defiring him not to blame me nor to feek after me ;

and whereas I had a fufficient Licence from Rome, and

could not get his, that I thought I might with a fafe
mm
Confciencego where I was born, leaving Linguifts enough
to fupply my place amóngft the Indians, And beca ufe he
íhould not make enquiry after me by Nicaragua, I dated
and fubferibed my letter to him from the Town of St.
Antonio Suchutepeques , which was the way to Mexico and
quite contrary to Nicaragua.
The next day after Twelfth day, being the feventh of

January, i 6 3 7. at midnight I fet out of Petapa upon a

lufty Mule (which afterwards in the way 1 fold for fourfcore
pieces of Eight) with Miguel Vaha alone i and the firft
part of the way being very hilly we could not go fo fail as
our hearts would have polled v for it was break of day
before we could get to the top of the Mountain, which is
called Serro Kedondo, or the round hill i which is much men-
tioned in that Country, for the good pafture there which
feivethfor the Gated and Sheep, when the valleys below
are burnt and no grafing left for Beafts.- This hill is alfo a
great refuge to Travellers, for there they find good enter-
tainment in a Venta, where wine and Provifion is fold, and
is
4*4 J New Survey Chap. XXI.
isa great Lodge, for to lay up dry what
carriages they
bring; there is befides one of the beft Eftancia's
or Farms oí
Cattelin the Countrey, where of Goats and Ewes
milk is
made the beft chcefe thereabouts. This round hill
or moun-
tain is five leagues from P etapa, where I feared
might
I
meet with fome people oiPetapa, and therefore the
day
now dawning I made haft by it, leaving in the lodge afleep
many Indians, who attended on two Spaaijb Requa's of
Mules, which that day were to go to Paapa four
i leagues
further from this Seno Redondo is a Town of Indians called
Los Efclavos, or the Slaves, not that now they are more
llaves than the reft of the Indians, but feecaufein
the old
lime of Montezuma the Emperoui, and the Indian Kings
that were under him, the people of this Town were
more
flaves thanany other, for from Amatitlan ( which is fo cal-
led from Amat, which in the Mexican tongue fignifieth
Letter, and Man which fignifieth Town, for that it
was
the Town of Letters as fome fay, for a rind of a tree,
whereon they were wont formerly to write and exprefs
their minds, or beeaufe it was the place whither from
all
parts letters werefent to be carried about the Countrey, and
to Peru ) thefe Indians of the Town of EfcUvo's or flaves,
were commanded as flaves to go all about the Countrey
with letters or whaifocver elfe they ihould be charged
with i and they were bound conftantly to fend every week
fomany of their Town (as were appointed) unto Amatitlan,
there to wait and attend the pleafure of that Town for the
conveying of letters, or any carriages to other parts.
This Town
of los Efclavos ftandeth in a bottom by a ri-
ver, over thewhich the Spaniards have built a very ftrong
fione Bridge to go in and out of the Town, for otherwise
with Mules there is no pafling by reafon of the violent and
rapid Stream of the Water, and many rocks in the River,
from which the water falleth down with great force.
From this Town ( where we only ftay'd to drink a cup of
Chocolatte and to bait our Mules ) we went on that day to
Aguacbapa, being ten leagues further, and not far from
the South Sea and the Port called Ve la Trinidad i whither
wc
:hap. XXL of the Weft-Indies; 41 %
part of the
e came towards evening, having that day and
ight travelled about threefcore Englijh miles up hills and
pon ítony wayes from the Efclavo's unto this Town i
rhich is much mentioned in that Country for two things,
"he one is for the earthen ware which is made there (as fome
link; exceeding that of Mixco. The other is for a place
within a Mile and a half from the Town, which the Sp^
lards do credibly report and believe to be a mouth oíhél
r
pr out of it there is eonftantly afcending a thick black
mOak fmelling of Brimftone,with fome flaihesnow and then
>f fire ithe earth from whence this fmoakarifeth is not high,
>utlow. None ever durtf draw nigh to find out the truth and
ground of if, for thofe that have attempted to do it, have
Ken ftricken down to the ground and like to lofe their lives.
\ friend of mine a Fryer ( whom I thought verily I might
Relieve ) upon his oath affirmed unto me, that travelling
that way with a Provincial he refolv'd to go unto the place,
and himfelf of the ground and caufe of the ftrange
fatisfie

talk which was every where about the Country concer-

ning that fmoak. He went within a quarter of a mile of it,
and prefently, he faid, he heard a hideous noife, which to-
gether with the flench or the fiery fmoak and brimftone,
ftruck him into iach a fear that he was like to fall to the
ground, and retiring himfelf with all fpeed was taken with
a burning feaver, which was like to ccft him his life.
Others report that drawing near unto it, they have heard
great cries as it were of men and women in torment, noife
of iron, of chains, and the like, which (how fimply I leave
it to' my Judicious Reader ) maketh them believe that it is

a moutfi of hell. Of my knowledge I will fay no more, but

that I faw the fmoak, and asked the Indians what was the
caufe of it i and if ever they had been near unto it ? And
they anfwered me, that they could not imagine what might
be the caufe of it, neither durft they draw nigh unto it; and
that they had feen Travellers, attempting to go near itv
and that they were all ftriken either to the ground, or
with fome fuddain amazement, or a fever. I told -them
that I would walk thither my felf * and they defired
 4*6 A New Survey Chap.XXI,
me that I would my Life. It was not yet for
not, ifl loved
report the fear of being To near the Spaniards
all this
hell
Cas they call it ) that made me hafte with fpeed out
of
that Town, but fear of fome meffengers that
might come
after me nop my Journey. For at midnight I departed
to
from thence, and went to break my fait to a great
Town
called Chakuapan, where the Indians made
very much of
me, being Pocomanes, who fpake the Poconcli or Focoman
tongue which I had learned. They would willingly have
had me to Hay wish trum and preach unto them the next
Sabbath, which I would have done, had not a better
deiign
called upon me to make haite.
Here 1 was troubled, how I mould get through St.
Salvador, which was a City of Spaniards, and wherein
there was a Cloifter of Dominicans, whom feared
I moil of
all, becaufe I was known by fome of them.
My refolutiori
was therefore when I came near unto the City , to turn
out of my way to a Spaniards Farm, as ifl had loll my
way, and there to delay the time till evening in drii king
Chccolattc, difcourfing, and baiting my mules well, that
io might travel all that night, and be out of the reach of
I

that City and Fryers ( who lived in Indian Towns about it)
the next morning, early. This City of S. Salvador is poor,
not much bigger then Cbiapa, and is governed by a Sptnijh
Covernour. It ííandeth forty leagues at leaft fiom Guatemala^
and towards the North-Sea fide, is compafTed with very
high mountains, which are called Chuntales, where the In-
dians are very poor in the bottcm where the City ftan-
deth there are fome Trapiches of Sugar, fome Indigo made,
but the chief Farms art Eltancia's ofCattel. Toward Eve-
ning I departed from that Farm, where I had well refreihed
my felfand my Mule, and about eight of the cloak I rid
through the City not being known by any body* My purpofe
was to be next morning at a great River, called Rio dt
Lempa, fome ten leagues from St. Salvador within two lea-
gues of it there lived in an Indian Town a Fryer belonging
to the Cloifter of St. Salvador who knew me very well. But
fuch hafte I made, that before break of the day I paíTld
rhrough'
 7

Chap. XXI of the Weft -Indies. 4 1

hrough that Town, and before feven of the clock I was at

he River, where I found my Indian of Mixco ready to
Dafs over with my carriage,
who that morning by three
¡>f the cloak had fet out of that Town two leagues off.

[ was not a little glad to have overtaken my Chefts,

wherein was moft of my treafuie. There I fat down a while
ay the River whilft mules grazed, and my Indian ftruck
my
fire and made me This River of Lempa is
Chocolatte.
held the broadeft, and biggeft in all the Jimfdiäion belong-
ing unto Guatemala i there are conftantly two ferry Boats to
pafs over the Travellers, and their Requa's of Mules. This
River is privileged in this manner, that if a man commit
any hainous crime or murther on this fide of Guatemala^
and San Salvador, or on the other fide of St. Miguel, or
Nicaragua, if he can file to get over this River, he is free
as long as he liveth on the other fide, and no Juftice en
that fide whither he is efcaped can queftion or trouble him
for the murther committed. So likewife for Debts he
cannot be arrefted. Though Í thanked God 1 neither fled
for the one, or for the other, yet comfort that
it was my
I was now going over to a priviledged Country, where I
hoped 1 (hould be free and fare, and that if any one did
come after me, he would go no further than to the River
viLtmpa. My Blackmoor did much laugh at this my con-
ceipt, and wairanted me that all would do well. We ferried
iafely i and from thence Went in
over the River company
with my Indians two leagues off, where we made the
beft dinner that we had done from the Town of Fetapa*
and willingly gave reft to all our mules till four of the clock
in the afternoon j at which time we fet forth to another
fmall Town little above two leagues olí, through a plain,
fandy and Champain Country. The next day we had
but ten leagues to travel to a Town called St. Miguel,
which belongeth unto Spaniards and though it be not a
City, yet it is San Salvador, and hath a
as big almoft as
Spanijh Governour > one Cloifter of Nuns, and
in it there is

another of Mercenarian Fryers, who welcomed me unto

theii Cloifter i for here I began to ihsw my face, and to
think
 4i 8 A New Survey Chap. XXI.
think of felling away the Mule I rid on, being refolv'd
from hence to go by water or an Arm of the Sea, to a
Town in Nicaragua called La Vieja. I would here have
difmiffed my Indian, but he was loth to leave me until I
got to Granada, where he defired to fee me (hipped. I
rcfufed not his kind Offer, becaufe I knew he was
trufty and had brought my Chefts well thither, and
knew well the way to Granada. So I fent him by land
to Realejo, orto La Vieja, which fiand very near together,
and thirty leagues by land from St. Miguel, and my felf
fiay'd that day and till the next day at noon in that Town,
where Hold the Mule I rid on, becaufe I knew that from
Reah\o to Granada I could have of the Indians a Mule for
nothing for a days Journey. My Blackamoors Mule I fentalfo
by land with the Indian, and the next day went to the
Gulf, being three or four miles from St. Miguel, where
thatafternoon I took Boat with many other paííengers, and
the next morning by eight in the morning was at La Vieja,
which Journey by land would have taken me up near three
days. The next day my Indian came at night,and we went
to Realejo, (as have obferved before) a Haven very weak
¡

and unfortified on the South Sea', where if I would have

flay'd one fortnight I might have taken (hipping for Pana-
WW, to go from thence to Pwtobello, and there itay for the
Galeons from Spain. But I con fide red that the Galeons
would not be there till June or July, ard that fo I (hould
be at great charges in flaying fo long. But afterwards I
wiíhed I had accepted of that occafion, for I was at lait
forced to go to Panama, and Portobello. From hence to
Granada I obferved nothing, but the plainnefs and plea-
fantnefs of the way, which with the Fruits and fertility of
all things may well make Nicaragua the Paradife of
Ame-
rica. Between Realejo and Granada ftandeth
the City of
out
Leon, near unto a Vulcan of fire, which formerly burfl
at the top, and did much hurt unto all the Countrey about i

but fince that it hath ceafed, and now letteth the Inhabitans,
live without fear. Sometime it Smoaks a little, which
fub-
iheweth that as yet there is within fome fulphurous
Herc
ftance.
 9

Shap. XXL of the Weft-Indies; 4 1

Here it Mercenarian Fryer thought to have

was that a
[ifcovered forac great Treafure,which might inrich himfelf
nd all that Country, being fully perfuaded that the Metal
hat burnt within that Vulcan was Gold j whereupon he
aufed a great KttJe to b: made, and hung at an iron chain
let it down from the top, thinking therewith to take up
Sold enough make him Biihop and to inrich his poor
to
Lindred. But fuch was the Power and Strength of the fire
within that no fooner had he let down the Kettle, when
['fell from the Chain and from his Hands, being melted a-
vzy.
This City oí Leon is very curiou fly built, for the chief
)e!ight of the inhabitants confiits in their Houfes, and in
he PJeafure of the Country adjoyning, and in the Abun-
ance of all things for ihe Life of Man, more than in ex-
raordinary Riches, which there are not fo much enjoyed,
s in other parts of America. They are content with
ine Gardens, with variety of tinging Birds, and Parrets,with
lenty of Fiih and Flefti, which is cheap, and with gay
loufes, and fo kad a delicious, lafie and idle Life i nota-
piring much to Trade and Traffique, tho they have near
lemthe Lake , which. commonly every year fends forth
Dme Frigats to the Havana by the North Sea, and^ Realejo
n the South fea, which might be very commodious for
ny dealing and rich trading in Pera, or to Mixco, if
beir Spirits would carry them fo far ; The Gentlemen
f this City are aimoft as vain and pbantauical asare thofe
f Cbiapa efpeciaiiy from the Pleafure of this City,
:

> all that Province of Wcatagm> called by the S$ani~

rds, Mabomeu Parad fe. Hence the way is plain and

i

ivel to Granada, whither I got fafely and joyfully,

oping that now I had no more journies to make by
.and, till I ihould land at Dover in England, and from
hence poü up to London. Two
days after 1 ha&ár-
iv'd at this place and refted my
felf, and enjoyed the

•leafant profped of the Lake, I began to think of

lifmifling my Indian and Blackmoor. But true and
aitrifwl Mkml Mv4 would by rio means leave nae,
1 «; till
4*o J New Survey Chap, XXI
till he faw me ihipt , and that I had no more need o*
him by Land Likewife the Indian would willingly have
i

ftay'd, but by no means I would permit him, for that I

confider'd he had a Wife and Children at home: He
was as willing to return a foot, as to ride, becaufe he
would have me fell my Mules, and make what Money I
Could of them i but I feeing the good nature of the Indian,
would recompence his Love with as much Money as might
be more beneficial to him, than a tired Mule which might i

have dyed in the way, and left him on foot fo 1 gave •,

him Money enough to bear his Charges home, and to

hire Mules at his pleafure, and fome to fpare when he
came home. The Indian with many tears falling from
his eyes, faying he fear'd he mould never more fee me,
took his leave of me the third day after we arriv'd at Gra-
nada. My Blackmoor and I being left alone, fir ft began to
think of idling away the two Mules, which had brought
thither the Indian and my Chefts > for which I got 90
Pieces of Eight after fo long a journey, and thought they
were Well fold.1 would have had Migue/ have fold
away whereon he rid, ( which was his own ) and
that
ofFer'd to buy him another that might better carry him
back, but the loving and careful Blackmoor would not
fufFer me to be at fuch Charges , confidering the long
Journey I was to make. Airer this we hearing that the
Fiigats were not like to depart in a fortnight, thought
of viewing well that ftately and pleafant Town a day or
two, and then to betake our felves to fome near Indian
Town, Where we might be hid, (left by the great refort
of Reqiia's of Muks which then brought Indigo and
Cochinil from Guatemala to the Frigats, we ihould be dif-
covei'd ) and might now and then come to the Town to
treat concerning my paffing in one of the Frigats to the
Havana or Carthagena. What in that Town we obfer»
ved was two Cloifters of Mercenarian and Francifcan
,

Fryers , and one of the Nuns, very riclr, and one Pariih-
Church, which was as a Cathedral s for the Biihop of
Leon did more conftantly refide there than in the City.
The
Chap. XXL o/ík Weft-Indies; 4Ü
the Town
rhc houfes are fairer than thofe of Leon, and
>f more Inhabitants, amongft
whom there are fome few
Merchants of ve*y great wealth, and many of
inferió*
Cartbagena%
legree very well to pafs, who trade with
Guatemala, San Salvador and Comayagu^ and
fome by
:he South Sea, to Peru and Panama. But at this time of the
tending away the Frigats, that Town is one of the
ivealthiea in all the North of America ', for the Mer-

lanes of Guatemala fearing to fend all their goods by

often taken
the Gulf of Honduras, for that they have been
think it fafcr
by the Hollanders between that and Havana,
to fend them by the Frigats to Carthagena,
which paiTage
has not been fo much ftopt by the Hollanders as the other.
So likewife many times the Kings Treafure, and
Re- ;f¡:

when there any Report of Ships at Sea, or about

venue ( is

the Cape of S. Antony) are this way by the

Lake oí Gra-
there, be-
nada paft to Carthagena. That year I was
Town, in one day
fore I betook my fe!f to an Indian
there entred fix Requas (which were at leaii three hun-
dred Males J from Salvadoreña Comayagua only, laden
St.
and
with nothing but Indigo , Cochinil and Hides ;

two days after from Guatemala came in three more s

one laden with filver ( which was the Kings tri-
and
bute from that Coumrey ) the other with Sugar,
with Indigo. The former tequas 1 kared
the other
not s but the latter made me keep clofe in my
lodg-

ing, left going abroad, 1 ihould be known by fome

of thofe that came from Guatemala •, who after they
and
had dclivet'd what they brought, prefently departed,
with their departure fet me at liberty, who for their fakes

was a voluntary Prifoner in mine own lodging. But

fearing left more of thtfe Kequas might come and
af-

I went to a Town out of the road, a

league
fright me,
from Granada, and took my pleafure up and down the
Country where I was omen feaftcd by the Mercmadm
Fryers, who enjoy moft of thofe Towns, Among thefe I
heard much of the paffage in the Frigats to Cattha-
gena^ which a little diiluarten'd and difcour%'d me. For
£e? though
 411 J New Survey Chap. XXI
though whilft they fail on the Lake, they go fccure-
,

ly and withou? trouble, yet when they fall from the

Lake to the River ( which they ca!l El Defägtiadtro) to go
out to Sea, bic labor, hoc opus eft, here is nothing but
trouble, which fcmetimes makes that ihort Voyage to laft
two months i for fuch is the fall of the Waters in mi-
ry Places among the Rocks, that many time? they are
forc'd to unlade the Frigats, and lade them again with
help of Mules kept there for that purpofe, by a few
Indiani that live about the River, and have care of the
Lodges made to lay in the Wares, whilft the Fri-
gats pafs through thofe dangerous places to another
Lodge, whither the Wares are brought by Mule?, and put
again into the Frigats. Befides this Trouble ( which muft
needs be tedious toa Paíftnger , to be thus ilopt, who
would willingly come foon to his Journeys end ) the a-
bundance of Gnats is fuch, as makes him take no Joy
in his Voyage, and the Heat in fome places fo intolera-
ble, that many die before they get out to Sea. Tho
all this was terrible to me to comforted
hear, yet I
my felf that my Life was in the hands of the Lord,
and that the Frigats commonly every year paft that way,
and feldom any were loft. I went now and then to Gra-
vada to bargain for my PaiTage, and to know when the
Frigats would certainly ftt out, and to provide my felf
of iome Dainties and Chocolat for my Journey, having
agreed with a Mafier of a frrigat for Diet at his Table.
The Time was appointed within four or rive days ; but
fuddenly all was crofs'd with a ftridr command from
Guatemala, that the Frigats íhouíd not go out that year,
becaüfe the Prefident and whole Court was informed
for certain,that fome Englijb or Holland Ships were abroad
at Sea, and lay about tjk mouth of the River Vefagua-
dero waiting for the Frigats of Granada, and that the
faid Ships were fomctimes lurking about the lilands of
S. John and S. Catharine ( which then was our Pro-
vidence ) which made all the Merchants of the Coun-
try fear and fweat with a cold fweat, and the Preti-
dent
:hap. XXI of the Weft-Indies; 4* ?
Rings Revenues, left the lo^
lent to be careful for the ¡

fthemíhould be imputed to his Negligence, in not (top

>ing the Frigats/ whiitt he ^ight, and had Warning,

News to me, who knew not tot
rhis was but Tad
of my felf. I began
he prefect, which way to difpofe
ready to let out
o think of the Ship that was at Kealeje
o Panama, thinking that would now be my beft coune,
enquiring after it, I was for certain inform'd by iomj
)ut
Merchants that it was newly gone. Then my eyes look d
(hips oí Hon-
jpon Comayagua and Trttxilh, and on the
were but vain and troubPd thoughts, an-
iuras, but thefe
ing from a perplext heart, for the
Ships were alfo gone

:hence, without íome fmall Vtfftl or

Frigat might be
or Cartbagena for thole
there with News from Havana (

fend often Notice of what Ships are abroad at

Places
Sea j but this alfo was a meer Chance, and not to
to, as my Friends did advife me Where-
be trufted
only
upon my perplexity more and more increafed,
were more PaiTengers be-
my Comfort was that there
felf, who I knew mutt take fome
courfe, and
my
tides
whom I alfo refolv'd to follow by Sea or Land.
Among
refolv'd to hire a Frigat to carry
us
us all we were once
for no
only to Cartbagena, but this would not be granted,
Veffel and Life for our fakes.
body would hazard his
a-
While we were thus ditfreft and perplext enquiring
bout Granada of the Merchants what courfe
we might
the Ha-
take to get to Spain that year, or to meet with
Cartbagena; one that wiih'd us well, counfcld
vana or
us to go to Coiiarica, where at Carthjgo
we ihould be
either
Cure to hear of íome Veffcls bound for Fortohl,
from the River dé los Anzmh?, or from the River csll'd
Suere^ whence every year went out fome
fmall Fri»

gats to carry Meal, Bacon, Fowls, and other provi-

sion for the Galeons to Portohel.

This we thought
was a difficult Journey, and of near a hundred and
6fty leagues over Mountains and throught Deferís, where
weuhouldrnifsthepleafure, Variety, and Dainties of Gua-
twah 3md Nicaragua and after all this peradventurp
Je| might
 424 J New Survey \ Chap XXI
might mils of an opportunity of any Frigat bound to Pot*
tobeUo.^ yet fo unwilling were we all to return
to Gua-
temala whence we came, that we would rather go for-
ward, and undergo any Difficulties, fo that at laft wc
might rind any Shipping to convey us where we might
meet the Galeons, which we knew were not to come
Co Poftobel, till June or July, We therefore agreed four
of us, three Spaniards ?nd my felf, to go to Cofiarica,
and there try our Fortune. They had each of them
C as my felt had ) Carriage for one Mule, and none to
fide on * but thought be ft to buy each of them a
Mule to carry them, which they hop'd after their Jour-
ney to fell again at Coftarica, snd to get Money by them,
and for their Carriages to hire Mules and Indians from
Town to Town, who might ferve to guide us through
alfo
^ many dangerous and paifages, which we un-
Places
derftood were in the way. Now í wiih'd I had my
Mule which i fold at San Miguel, or any one of the two
which I fold before in Granada. But for my Money I
doubted not, with the help of the Blackmoor, but I ihould
undone for my purpofe. I furnilht my felf very fpeedily,
for fifty pieces of eight,
of one which I fear'd not would
perfoitn-my Journey. My good and trufty Blackrnwr
would willingly have gone on with me, and further round
the World, if I would have let him but I would not i i

bu?, thank'dhim heartily for what he had done,

and
gave him Money enough in and difmifT.d him,
his Purfe
hoping the Company of the three Spaniards would be
fufficient Comfort to me;
'
Thus with one Indian to guide us we fet four of us out
oiGrafiada, enjoying for the two rirft days more of the
Pleafure of that M
ahornas VuzdifcJSlicaragua, finding the
WJy for the moit part pbin, the Towns plealant, the
Countrey fnady, and every where Fruits abounding. The
feo.nd day after we fct our, we were much arlrighted
wi(h a huge and monflrous Caiman or Crocodile, which
having come out of the Lake ( as we paffed bv ) and
lying crofs a puddle of Water bathing hijnfelf, and' waiting
for
Chap. XXI of the Weft-Indies; 4*5
whom we not know-
for fome prey, as weperceiv'd after,

but thinking been fome tree

it had
in/wdl
©"KM at

a fuddain we knew
firft,

or fallen, paid
the Seales of
by if, when on
e,o(e
the Caiman, and faw
himfelf agamft us , where-
the Monfter move, and fet
from him $ but he
thinking to have
with we made haft
Prey, ran after us wh.eh
made ¿™
of us his greedy
was like to overtake us,
when we pe.eeiv'd, and that he
till one of the
Spamard, (who
we weTemueh rroübfd,
the than
that Beaft
Lew better the Nature and Quality of
out of the way, and
reft ) catl'd us to turn
to one fide
while and then to turn on an-
,o ride on ftrait for a
our way wh. h Adv e
other fide, and foto Circumflex
;

of his without doubt faved mine, or

andelca-
^*&£g*
we wearied that mighty Monfter
Lives, for thus
p d from him, who ( had we rid out )
had ftdm
and killed fome Mule or M s fc«
Lainly overtaken us, could
Mules

£WS
hk ftrabht forward flight was as fwift as our
he mrnd and wheel'd about
body, we got ground and
advantage till we
his heavy
1

left him tar

And by this Experience we came to know

the
behiridus.
Beaft, whofe greatnefs of Bouy
Nature and Quality of that
fwift as a Mule > but
S no hbdra^-e Jrpn forward as la.d down is ttoubld
otherwife, Elephant once
as the
is heavy and ftiff, and
therefore
to set up fo this Monfter
to turn and wind about his Body. We
much troubVd
praifed God who had that day delivered us, and r.ding
Lake, we were watchful that we
a while by that fide of the
again into like Dang<r., But the great-
tnkht not fall
nefs of this LakeofG-W*
may from hence be known,
third day of our Journey, being
at
in that thefecondand
from whence we let out, we now
kaft threcfcore miles
After we had
and then found our Way
lying by it.
of it, we enter'd into tough and crag-
wholly loft fight
the South than to the
ay Ways, declining more to
Car-
North-Sea. And in all the reft of our Journey to
*W we obferv'd nothing worth committing
Woods and Trees on
to pofte-
the South-
«ty, but only mighty
-

E e 4 ¥®
 r
4* 6 A New Survey Chap XXI
Sea-fide very fit to make firong Ships, and manyMoun-
tains and defert where we lay fometimes two
places,
nights together, in Woods or open
Fields, far from
any Town or Habitation of Indian*
yet for our Comfort
in thefe fo defert places we had
ftill a Guide with us, and
found lodges, which by the command of
the next Tuftices
had been fet up for fuch as travell'd
that way. We came
at Uñ through thoufand
dangers to Carthago, which
we round not to be fo poor, as in richer
places, as
Guatemala and Nicaragua it was reported to
be. For there
W Qcc on t0 in< uire aft « Merchants for
/^ j f 3
„Qt Gold and Silver, and we
,
Exchange
found fome were very rich,
who traded by Land and Sea with Panama, and by
Sea
•with Portobello, Carthagena, and
Havana, and from thence
with Spain. This City may confift
of four hundred
families govern'd by a Spanijh Governour i It is a
üiínops Sea, and has in it three Cloifters,
two of Fryers
and one of Nuns. Here we enquired after that
which
had brought us through fo many
Mountains' Woods,
and Deferts , to wit, after fome fpeedy
occafion of
flapping our feives for Fortobello or Carthagtna\
and ac-
cording to our defires we underftood of a Frigat
almoft
ready to fet out from the River Ve los AnzmUs
, and
another from the River Sum ; and being well
infor-
med that Sum would be the beft place to travel to by
reafon oí mote provifion in the way, more Towns of
Indians* and Eftancia's of Spaniards, we reiolv'd four
days after we had reited in Carthago, to undertake
a new Journey toward the North Sea. We found that
Country mountainous in many places, yet here and
there fome Values where was very good Corn,
Spaniards
Jiving in good Farms, who as well as the Indians
bred
many Hogs i but the Towns oí Indians we found much un-
like to thofe which we had left behind in Nicaragua
and
Guatemala \ and the people in Courteiie and Civility much
differing from them, and of a rude and bold Carriage and
Behaviour i yet they are kept under by the Spani-
ards, as much as thofe whom I hare foimerly fpoken of
about
hap.' XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 417
out Guatemala. We came in fogood a time to the Ri~
:r Suere, that we ftay'd there but three days in a Spanifh
mn near and departed.
it,

The Matter oftheFrigat was exceed ing glad of our

ompany, and ofTei'd to carry me for nothing, but for
y Prayers to God for him , and for a fafe Paffage which •>

i hop'd would not be above three or four days failing,

c carryed nothing but fome Hony, Hides, Bacon,
leal and Fowls. The greateft Danger he told us ofa
as the fetting out from the River, ( which runs in
»me places wich a very ftrong Stream, is (hallow and full
ÍRocks in other places ) till we come forth to the main
sa> Whither we got out fafely and had notfail'd on a-
Dve 20 leagues, when we difcover'd two ihips making
)wird us our hearts began to quake, and the Matter
»

imfelf of the Frigat we pcrceiv'd was not without

:ar fufpe&ing they were Englijb or Holland (hips *,
we
ad no Guns nor Weapons, fave only four or five
luskets and half a dozen Swords * we thought the
Vings of our nimble Frigat might be our beii Comfort, and
ying away our chief Safety. But this Comfort foon be-
an to fail us, and our beft Safety was turn'd into near
pproaching Danger.- before we could 6ie five Leagues
oward Portobel, we could from our Top- Matt eaiiiy
erceive the two and too nimble
ihips to be Hollanders^
or our little which prefently one of them (which
Veiiel,
ieing a Man of War, was too much and too firong for
tur Weakneis) fecht up, and with a thundring Mef-
age made us ftnke Sail. Without any fighting we durft
lot but yield, hoping for better Mercy. But what fad O
houghts did here run in my dejeded heart, which was
truck down lower than our Sail > How did I fomenmes
00k on Deaths frighting vifage ? But if again 1 would
:omfort and incourage my felf againft this fear of Death ;
low then did I begin to fee an end of all my hopes of e~
?et returning to my wifh'd and defir'd Countrey >
Sow did I fee my Treafure of Pearls, pretious Stones*
md pieces of Eighty and Golden Pjjlols, which by
Singing
jp 8 AT&w Survey Chap. XXI,
Singing I had got in twelve years, now within one
half hour ready to be loft 'with Weeping, and became a
Prey to thofe who with as much Eafe as I got tñem, an^
with Laughing were ready to fpoil me of all that witr
the found of Flutes, Waits and Organs I had io long beer
hording up ? Now I iaw Imuft forcedly and fainedly offei
up to a Hollander what iuperftitious, yea alfo forced an!
fained offerings of Indians to their Saints of Mixco, PinoU
Amatitlan and Patapa had for a while enriched me. M5
further thoughts weje foon interrupted by the Hollander.
who came aboard our Frigat with more fpeed than we de
nYd. Though their Swords, Muskets and Piftols did no
a little tersifie, yet we were foroewhat comforted, wher
we undeillood who was their chief Captain and Com
mander, and hop'd, for more Mercy from him, wh<
had been born and brought up among Spaniards, thai
from the Hollanders who as they were little bound t<
the Spanijh Nation for Mercy, fo we expe&ed little fron
them. The Captain of this Holland Ship which took u
was a Mulatto, born and bred in Havana, whofe Mothe
I faw and fpoke with afterwards that fame year, whei

the Galeons ihuck into ihat Port to exped there the rel
from Vera Cruz. This Mulatto for fome Wrongs whicl
had been offer'd him from fome commanding Spani
ards in the Havana, ventur'd himfelf defperately in
Boat out to the Sea, where fome Holland Ships wai
ted for a priie , and with Gods help getting to then-
yielded himfelf to their Mercy, which he elteem'd fa
better than that of his own Countrcymen, promifing t
ferve them faithfully againft his own Nation, which ha<
rnoft injurioufl? abufed, yea and (as I was afterward
irformed )whipt htm in the Havana.
This Mulatto proved fo true and faithful in his goo
feivices to the Hollanders, that they eftccmed much c
him, married him to one of their Nation, made hir
Captain of a Ship under that brave and Gallant Hollandi
whom the Spaniards then fo much fear'd, ram'd, P,
de Palo, or Wooden Leg. This famous Mulatto it w;
th;
Shap.XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 419
our Frigat, in which he
hat with his Sea-Soldiers boarded
found líale worth his labour, had it not been for the
tad
of which I loft that day
ndians Offerings which I carried,
of Eight m Pearls
he worth of 4000 Patacons or Pieces
pretious Stones, and near 3000 more in Mony.
in d

rhe other Spaniards loft feme hundreds

apiece, which M
Hollanders Stomach
vas fo rich a prize, that it made the
Bacon, Meal and
oath the reft of our grofs Provifion of
Fowls, and our Mony tafted fweeter to
them, than the
which our Frigat alfo afforded. Other things I
Hony
bad ( as a Quilt to lie on, fome Books,
and Lamina s,
which are Piäures in Brafs, and Cloa'hs ) which I beg'd
Gonlidering my
of thai Noble Captain the Mulatto, who
Orders and Calling, gave me them freely, and wiih'd
ms
that he could do no otherwife than
to be patient, faying
he did with my mony and Pearls, and ufing that
common
Proverb at Sea, Oy per mi, mañana per ti, to day Fortune
hath been for me, to morrow it may be for thee or to :

fay, I have got what to morrow 1 may lofe again.

Here
I made ufe alfo of that common
Saying, that ill-gotten
Goods never thrive and perceived it was the will of my
•,

heavenly Father to take from me what unlawfully by fuper-

ftitious and idolatrous MalTes, by Offerings to Idols and
Statues of Saints had got among the Indians.
I I offered

in lieu of thofe former Offerings roy Wiil to my Lord

Gods Will, defiring him to grant me Patience to bear
that great Lofs. I confefs, tho it was very crofs "to

Fleih and Blood, yet I found an inward Spiritual ftrength-

ning from above, and to be very true whatJW writes

to the Hebrews Chap. 12. n. faying, No cbafieni/ig for
the prefent feemetb to be joyous, but grievous, nevertbekfs
afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of rigbteoufefs unta
them which are exercifed thereby: for that very day I found
my inward man quiet and peaceable with a full and
total Submiilion to the holy Will of God, which Í de-
might be done in Earth , in the Sea, and perform'd
iir'd
and.obey'dby me at that prefent, as it is always done
in Heaven. And though this way was my beft and chief
-

Comfort,
 4JO J New Survey Chap. XXI.
Comfort, yet from the Creature, by the Creators perraiflion,
I bad alfo fome Comfort left in a few Piftols, fome iingle,
fome double, which I had fow'd up in my Quilt (which
the Captain reftor'd to me, faying it was the Bed I lay
in ) and in the Doublet which I had at that prefent, which
mounted to almoft iooo Crowns, and in their fearch-
ing was not found. After the Captain and Soldiers had
well vfew'd their Prize, they thought of refreihing their Sto-
machs with fome of our Provifion, the Good Captain made
a ftately dinner in our Frigat, and invited me to it, and
knowing I was going towards Havana, beiides many
other brindfs or healths, he drank one to his Mother, de-
iiring me to fee her, and remember him to her, and fay,
that for her fake he had us'd me well and courteoufly
in what he could ; and further at Table he (aid, for my
fake he would give us our Frigat that we might return to
Land, and that I might find from thence fome fafer
way and means to get to Tortobello, and to continue my
Journey to Spain. After dinner I conferr'd with the Cap-
tain alone, and told him, I was no Spaniard, but an
Englijh man born,ihewing him the Licence, which I had
from Rome to go to England, and that therefore I hop'd^not
being of an Enemy- Nation to the Hollanders, he would
reftore to me what Goods were mine. But this was of little
confequence with him, who had already taken pofltffion of
mine and all other Goods in the ihip he told me, I mult
:

fuffer with thofe among whom I was found, and that I

might as well claim all the Goods in the Ship. I de-
fired him then to carry me with him to Holland, that
thence I might get to England, which alfo he refufed,
telling me that he went about from one place to another,
and knew not when he ihould go to Holland, and that he
was ready to fight with any Spanijh Chip, and if he ihould
fight with the Spaniards whilftlwasin his Ship, his Soldi-
ers in their hot Blood might do me a Mifchief, think-
ing: I would do them harm, if in right they ihould be
taken by the Spaniards. With thefe his Anfwers I faw
there was no hope of getting again what now was loft

therc^
Chap. XXL of the Weft-Indies. 4j 1
again to Gods
therefore( as before ) I commended my felf
Pjovidence and Profe&ion. The Soldiersand Mariners ofc
the Holland Ship made hafte that afternoon to
unload the
Goods of our Frigat into their Man of War, which took
up that, and part of the next day, whilft we as Piifo-
ners were wafting up and down the Sea with them;
And
whereas we thought our Money had fatisried them and
to the full, we found next day that they
had alfoafto-
mach to our Fowls and Bacon, and wanted our Meal to
*

make them bread, and our Honey to fweeten their mouths,

and our Hides for Shoos and Boots > all which they took a-
way, leaving me my Quilt, Books, and brafs Pidures, and
to the Mafter pf the Frigat fome fmall Provifion,as much
as might cany us to Land, which was not far off, and thus
they took their leaves of us, thanking us for their good
entertainment. And we weary of fuchguefts, fome pray»
ingto God might never entertain the like again,
that they
fome curling themand efpecially the Mulatto, to Hell,
all,

calling him Renegado-, lome thanking God for their Lives,

which were given them for a Prey, we all return'd to
Swte whence we had fet out, and going up the River,
were like to be can away, and lofe our Lives,- alter
we had loft our Goods, When we came to Land, the
Spaniards about the Countrey pitied our cafe, and help'd
us with Alms, gathering a Collection for us The three
Spaniards of my company loft Money, and moft of
all their

their beft Clothes ;

yet they had refervd fome Bills of Ex-
change for Money to be t2ken up at PortobeUo; which I
wihYd I had alfo for what I had loft. For the prefenf we
knew not what courfe to rake, we thought of going to Ria
dt los Anzuelos, but Were informed that certainly the
Frigats there were either gone;, or would be before we
could get thither and if they uay'd not on the news of the
°,

Hollanders Ships at Sea, they either already were or would

be their Prize,as we had been. We
refoW'd then with the
charitable Affiftance of the Spaniards of the Country to
return to Carthago, and thence to take fome better
directions. In the way we confer'd what wehad fav'd, the
Spaniards
4} 2 A Nei* Survey Chap. XXL
Spaniards bragg'd yet of their Bills of Exchange, which
would yield them Money would not let them
at Carthago, I

know what I had fav'd , but fomewhat I told them I had

kept and we agreed
i
all the way we went to fignifie
nothing but Poverty and Mifery, that the Indians and Spa-
niards in the way might pity and commiferate us, and
our great Loifes. When we came to Carthago we were
indeed much pitied, and Colle&ions were made for us i
and it was expected from me, that I íhould fing again
at the Altars ( who truly could rather have cried to fee
and con fid er my many misfortunes and difafters, which I
defir'd might at laft by a fafe return to England, prove
the Trials of the faith I interited to fearchout ) and that I
íhould preach, whereever 1 came \ fo by thefe two ways,
of finging and hudling over Vomsnus zohfeum and the reft
of the Mafs, and by accepting of what Sermons were re-
commended to mei I began again to ftore my felf with
Monies. Yet knew that in fuch a poor Country ^ as that
was, where I was liftle known, I could not pofiibly get
enough me home with Credit to England , and
to bring
therefore the cunning Enemy finding me to (tend upon
nly Credit, began ftrongly to tempt me to return again
to Guatemala ( where I doubted not but 1 (hould be wel-
come and entertain'd by my Friends ) and to fettle my
felf there, till I had again by
facrilegious, bafe, fuperfti-

tious, and Idolatrous Means, and Works, made up a new

Purfe to return with Credit home.
But I perceiving that God ihewM himfelf angry, and
had juftly taken from me, what by unhwful means I had
in twelve years obtained, bad Satan avaunt, purpofing
never more to return to the rleihpois of Epypt, and to go
mil home- wards, though in the way I did beg my Bread.
Yet (left I might be fufpcóted among the
Spaniards, and

troubl'd for not exercifing my

Orders and Fun&ion ) I
refolv'd to take what as to a
Stranger and Traveller, for

Preaching or any other Exercife, might be offei'd unto

go on towards
Thus with Courage refolvivig to ftill

England,
-hap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 4} 5
Ingland, I enquir'd at Carthago which way might get
I

o Portobello. But this door of hope was fait ihut up *

hough my truft in Gods Providence was not weaken'd.
n this feafon, There came to Carthago two or ;oo Mules
infadled or unloaden, with fome Spaniards, Indians
md Blactynoors, from the parts of Comayagua, and Oua*
y
emala, to convey them to Panama by Land, over the
Mountains of Vtragna, there to be fold. This is the year-
ly and only trading by Land, which
Guatemala, Comaya-
%ua, and Nicaragua, hath with Panama over that narrow
Iftbmus lying between the North, and South Sea, which is
very dangerous by reafon tíf the craggy Ways, rocks, and
Mountains, but efpecially, by reafon of many Heathens,

Barbarians and Savages which as yet are not conquered

by the Spaniards, and iometimes do great mifchief,
and kill tbofe that with Mules pafs through their Coun- !

try, especially if they mifdemean themfelves or pleafe

them not well. Yet for all thefe difficulties, I was en-
tertaining a thought to go along with thofe Mules and
Spaniards which were now on their way by Land to
Panama. The three Spaniards were half of the fame mind i
but the Providence of God who better Orders and
¿ifpofes Mans Affairs than he himfelf, difappointed
thefe our thoughts, for our Good and Safety, as after we
5
were inform d i tor we heard for certain at Nkoya, that
fome of thofc Mules and Spaniards were kill cl by the Bar-
barians and Savage Indians, among whom my Life might
have been loft, it Í had attempted that hard and dangerous
Journey i from which many well-wiihers at Carthago
diffuaded me, both for the danger ©f the Indians, and for
the difficulties of the Ways and Mountains, which they told
me the Weaknefs of my body would never indure. After
we had wholly defined from this Land- Journey, the beft
Counfel we had from fome Merchants our Friends, was
to try whether Mar del Zur, or the South- Sea, would fa-
vour our Defign and Journey, better then the Mar del
Nort, or the North- Sea had done j who wilh'd us to
go to Niwi*} and thence to Chira and to the Golfo dt
Salinas i
 414 ^ New S«; ^ Chap. XXL
we fhould find Shipping
£<s;/¿/w,where they doubled not but
to Panama, We
were willing to follow any good Advice
and GounfcU yet we knew this was the laíi ihift we
could make, and the non plus ultra of our hope, and if
here we fhould be difappointed, we could expeór no o-
ther way ever to get to Panama, except we ventur'd
our lives mod defperately over the Mountains of Vera-
gua, by Land without any Guide or Company through
the Country of the Barbarians, (who before had (lain fome
Spaniards palling that way J ox elfe ihould return, all
the way that we had come, to Realejo, where our hopes
might be frufhated, and peradventure no Shipping found
for Panama, without a Years waiting.
We refolv'd therefore to follow our friends Counfel,
and to go to Nicoya, and thence to Golfo de Salinas,
where laughing, 1 told the three Spaniards of my com-
pany, if we were difappointed, we would like Hercules
fet up a Pillar to eternize our Fame, with our Names, and
this Infcription, Non Plus ultra, for that beyond it there
was no other Port, Haven, or Place, to take Shipping to
Panama neither couid any have done more ( nor ever did
i

any Engliih man in that Country do more than my felfj

than we had done, but efpecially my felf, who from Mixco
had thus traveil'd by Land to Nicoya, at kail éoó
leagues, or iSoo Englijh miles ftraight from North to
Sotth, befide what I had traveil'd from Vera Cruz,
to Mexico, and from Guatemala to Vera Paz, and to
Puerto de Caballos, or Gulfo duke, and thence to
Truxillo, and thence back again to Guatemala, which
was at leait 13 or 1400 Englijh miles more, which I
thought to eternize on a Pillar at Nicoya, But what
there was not erected, I hope here ihali be cternizM,
and that this my true and faithful Hiftory lhall be á
Monument of three thoufand and three hundred miles tra-
veil'd by an Englifhman, within the Main-Land of Ame-
rica, betide other Sea-Navigations to Panama,
(tomPortobel
to Carthagena, and thence to the Havana. The way
which we traveil'd from Carthago to Nicoya Was very
niounr
Chap. I. o/ífceWeu-inuicb. .,,-*..

nountainous, hard, and unpleafant, for we met with few

Lftantia's oí Spaniards, and few Indian Towns, and thofe
rery poor, fmal!, and all of deje#ed and wretched people.
fet Nicoya is a pretty Town, and head of a Spani/h go-
vernment, where we found one Jufto de S alazar. Alcalde
Waior, who entertain'd us very vkell, and provided Lodg-
ngs for us for the time we ihould abide there, and comfor-
ed us with hopeful words, that tho for the prefenc
here was no Ship or Frigat in the Golf of Salinas, yet he
loubted not, but very ihortly one would come from Pana-
na for Salt and other Commodities, as yearly they
vere wont. The Time of the Year when we came thither,

vas fit for me to get again fome Monies after my great

ofs j for Lent which is the Fryers chief
it was in
riarveft, who ( as 1 have before obferv'd ) then by Con-
eilions and by giving the Communion get many Mony-
DfTerings.
The Time, arid the Francifcan Fryers who had the Pa-
ftorihipand Charge of that Town, were both veiy commo-
jioustome, who could not refufe, aslongaslftay'dthere,
to exercife my Function, left 1 ihould bring a juft caufe of
Sufpicion and Afperiion on my felf. The Fryer of the
Town was a Portugal, who about three weeks before my
."oming thither had had a great Bickering and Strife
¡vith Jufte deSalazar the Alcalde Maior, for defending the
Indians whom
Salazar grievouily opprefs'd, employing
them in his, and in his Wives Service as Slaves, not paying
them what for the fweat of their brows was due to
them, and commanding them from their home and from
their Wives , and from their Church on the Sabbath,
working for him as well that day as any other, which
the Friernot enduring, charg'd them in the Pulpit, not to
obey any fuch unlawful Commands from their Al-
calde Maior. But Jufto de Sala&ar (who had beers
train'd up in Wars ana Fighting, and ferv'd formerly
in the Cattle of Milan ) thought it a great difparage-
menf, now to be curb'd by a Frier, and interrup»
t§d in feis Government of the Iridian s, and id the ways of
F f hfe
4} 6 A New Survey Chapi XXI.
his Lucre and gain. Therefore after many bitter Words
and Defiances had paft between him and the Frier,
he came one day refclutely to the Fliers Houfe with his
Sword drawn, and certainly had not the Frier been afliihd
by fome of the Indians, he had kill'dhim. The Frier be-
ing as hot as he, and ihnding on his Calling, Orders and
Pritfthood, prefuming he durft not touch him violent-
ly, left his Privelege (hould bring an
Excommunication
on the Striker and Offender, would not flie from him,
but dar'dhim boldly i which was a ftrong Provocation to
Salazars Heat and Paftion, and caus'd him to lift up his
Sword, and aim his Blow and Stroke at the Frier, wheh
fell fo unhappily that he ftruck off
two of the Friers
Fingers, and had undoubtely feconded another Blow
more hurtful and dangerous to the Frier, had not the
Indians interpos'd, and (hut up their Prieft into his
Chamber. Juflo was for this Action excommunicated,
yet being a Man of high Authority, he foon got off
his Excummunication from the Biihop of Cojiarica, and
fent his Complaint to the Chancery of Guatemala againft
the Frier, where with Friends and Mony he doubted not
but to overcome the Mendicant Prieft, as it hapned after
i
for C as I was inform'd ) he caufed the Frier to be fent for
to the Court, and there prevail'd fo much againft him,
that he got him removed from Nicoya. In this Seaion
the Frier kept his Houfe and Chamber, and would by no
means go to the Church, either to fay Mais, or preach,
or hear Confeílions, C all which that Time of the Year
requited ) but had got one to help him i who alone not
being able to perform fo great a charge of many hun-
dred Indians, Spaniards, Black- moors, and Mulatto's who
from the Country without, and from the Town within ex-
pected to have their Confeílions heard, their Sins abfolvd,
the Word and the Communion to be given therm
prcach'd,
hearing of my coming defied me to aflift him, and
that for my pains I fhould have my Meat and Drink
at his Table, and a Crown daily for every Mafs, and whaf-
foever elfe the People mould voluntarily offer, befide the

Sermons,
:hap. XXI. o/ffe Weft-Indies; 4¡?
ermons, which I íhould be well rewarded. I fíay'd
for
i this Town from the fecond week of Lent till Eatter
eek, where what with three Sermons at ten Crowns*
piece, what with my dayly Stipend and many o-
ter Offerings, I got about an hundred and fifty
towns.
The week before Éaíter news came of a Frigat from Pa*
ima to Golfo de Salinas, which much comforted us, who
ready began to miftruft the Delay. The Mailer of the
rigat came to Nicoya,whkh is as a Court thereabout i and
ith him the three Spaniardr and my felf agreed for our
iffage to Panama, About Chira, Golfo de Salinas, and
icoya, there are fome farms of Spaniards, few and very
nal) Indian Towns, who are all like Slaves employed b y

ie Alcalde Maior, to make him a kind of Thred call'd Pi-

, which is a very rich Commodity in Spain, efpecialJy

:
that colour wherewith dyed in thefe parts of
it is

"mya ) Which is Purple, which the Indians aré

for
:re much charg'd to work about the Sea-ihore, and there
i find certain Shells, wherewith they make this Purple
'ie. Purpura is a kind of Shell- fiíh, whofe ufuál length of
ife is feven years, he hides himfelf about the riflhg of the

tog-iiar and continues for goo days ; it is gathcrM in

I
e Spring, and by a mutual rubbing of them, to-
rther, they yield a kind of thick Slime like foft Wax;
u its famous Die for Garments is in the Mourh. of
e Fiflij and the moft refined Juyce is in a white Vein*
e reft of his Body is ófnd ufe: Your Segovia"Cloth
ed therewith, for the richnefs of the Colour, is (old
five or fix pound the yard, and uied only by the
eateft Dons of Spain, and in ancient time only worn
r the Nobleft Romans , calFd by the name ot Syrian
jrple.
There are alfo Shells for other Colours, not known
be fo plentifully in any other Place as here. About
bird and Golfo dé Salinas* the chief Commodities are
tit, Hony, Maiz, fome Wheat and Fowls, which ¿very
:ar they fend by forae few Frigats to Panama, which
F f 2 thence
4} 8 'A New Survey Chap. XXI.
thence come on purpofe to fetch them with this purple
Thrcd, or Pita, which 1 have fpoken of The Frigat
which came when I was there, was foon laden with
thefe Commodities, and with it we fet out,hoping to have
been at Panama in five or fix days. But as often before
we had been croffed, fo likewife in this íhort paifage we
ftrove with the Wind, Sea, and Corrientes, as they are
caird ( which are fwift Streams as of a River) four full
weeks. After the firft day we fet out, we were driven
with a Wind and Storm towards Peru, till we came undei
the very Equinoccial, where what with exceffive Heat, what
with mighty Storms, we defpair'd of life.But after one week
that we had thus run towards death, it pleafed ¿God in
whom and by whom all Creatures Live, movs,and have
their being, to comfort us again with hopes of Life,
fending us a profperous Gale, which drove us out oí that
Equinoctial Heat, and Stormy Sea, towards the líland of
Verlas, and Puerta de Chame, on the South fide of the
Mountains of Veragua, whence we hop'd within two
days at moft to be at reft and Anchor at Panama. But
yet there our Hopes were fruftrate, for our Wind was
calm'd, andwe fell on thofe ftrong Corrientes or Streams,
which drave us back in the Night for almoft a Fort-
night as much as we had faild by day. Had not God
again been merciful htre to us, we had certainly perriuYd
in this our ftriving with the Stream , for tho we wan-
ted not Provifion of Food, yet our Drink fail'd us io, that
for four days we tañed neither Wine or Water, or any
thing to quench our thirft, fave a little Hony which we
found caufed more Thirft in us, which made me
and fome others Drink our own Urine, and refreih oui
mouths with Pieces of Lead- Bullets which for a while
f efreuYd, but would not long have fufficed Nature, had not

Gods good Providence fent us fuch a Wind as in the

day drove us quite off from thofe Corriente/. Our firft
thoughts were then to ftrike to the Continent, or fome
Ifland of many which were about us to feek for Water,
finding our Bodies weak and languilhing, whkh the Capt.
of
:hap.XXL of the Weft-Indies. 439
would by no means yield to, affuring us that
>f the Ship
lay he would Land us at Panama; but we not being
to
on without any Drink, unlefs we ihould yield
ible to fail

lave our dead and not our Live Bodies landed where he pro-
might buy
ofed, thought it not good purchafe, though we
not
ill Panama with our Lives, which we judgd-eould
lold out another day \ and feeing that the Wind began to
rtacken, we all requir'd him to ftrike
into fome Ifland for

Water i which he iiubbornly refufed to do i whereupon

the Mariners mutined
the three Spaniards and fome of
igainft him with drawn Swords, threatning
to kill him, if

he betook not himfelf prefently to fome Ifland. The good

Matter not liking to fee Swords at his breaft, and
fo

commanded his Ship to be turned to two or three Iflands,

not above two or three hours fail from us.
When
we drew nigh them, we caft Anchor, and threw out
our Cock boat, and happy was he that could firft cafthimfelf
into it to be rowed to Land to fill his Belly with Water.The
firft liland we landed on,
was on that fide unhabitable,
where we fpent much time running to and fro, over-hea-
ting our feives and increafmg our Thirft» whilft one ran one
way, and another tried another to find fome Fountain,
our hope being fruftrated and 1 loft in the Wood, and my
Shoes torn from my Feet, with Stony Rocks, and many
Thorns and Buihesj my company betook thcmfclves
to the Cock boat to try another Ifland, leaving me alone,
and loft in the Wood out of which at laft when I came, and
found the Cock-boat gone from the ihore, I began to con-
fider my felfa dead man, thinking that they had found Wa- :'>;

ter and were gone to Ship, and

not rinding me would hoife -
..''.1

up their Sail for Panama. Thus being dejc&ed I cry'd out

to the Ship, wich I perceivd could not poffibly hear my
weak Voice, and running up and down the Rocks to fee if
I could difcover the Cock-boat, I perceiv'd it was not with
the Ship, and efpied it at the next liland. With this I began
to hope better things of them, that they would call for me
when they had got Water i fo I came down from the
Rocks to the Shore, where I found a Shade of Trees and
F f | among
 44° A
New Survey Chap. XXI
among them feme Berries (which
might have been Poi-
fpn, tor J knew them not
j wherewith I refreftYd my
Mouth a while i but my Body fo burn'd
that I thought
there with Heat, Weaknefs
and Faintnefs, I ihould have ex-
pired and given up the Ghoft. I thought by Gripping
my
lelt naked and going into the Sea to my
neck, I might
refrefo myBody, which
1 did, and coming out again
into the Shade, I fell into a deep
fleep, iniomuch that
the Cock-boat coming for me, and
the Company hollow-
ing tome, I awakednot, which made them fear that
I was dead or loft i till Landing, one
fearch'd for me one
way and another another, and fo they found
me, who
might have been a Prey to fome wild-Beaft,
or ilept till
the Frigat had gone away and fo have periled in a
,
barren and unhabitable Ifland. When
they awak'd me I
was Glad to fee my good company, and the
firft thing I
enquird for, was, if they had got any Water
i they bat*
me be ofgood cheer and arife i for they had Water enough,
and Qranges and Lemons from another
Ifland, where
they met with Spaniards that did inhabit
it. I made hafte
with them to the Boat, and no fooner was I
entred into it
but they gave me to drink as much as I would. The Wa-
ter was warm and unfetled, for they
could not take it up
fobut that they took of the Gravel, and
bottom of the
fountain, which made it look very muddy
i yet for all
this fas though my^ife had depended
on it) I drunk up
a whole Pot of it which no fooner had I drunk, but fuch
•>

was the Weaknefs of my Stomach, that I preiently

caft it
up again, not being able to bear it. With this they wi-
flied me to eat an Orange or a Lemon i but them alfo
did my Stomach reject j fo to our Frigat we
went, and in
the way I fainted to that the Company verily
thought I
Would die, before we got aboard. When we came thi-
ther I caird again for Water, which was no fooner down
my Stomach, but prefently up again i they had me to Bed
with a burning Feaver upon me i where Hay that night;
expecting nothing but Death, and that the Sea would
be
my Grave. '

The
Chap.XXf. of the Weft-Indies. 441
The Matter of the Ship feeing the wind was turn'd, te-
lan tobe much troubl'd, and fear'd that
with that wind m
he Qiould never get to Panama. He refolv'd to venture
which was,
on a way, which never before he had tryed",
to get between the two Iflands which
we had fearch'd for
fide was
Water, knowing that the Wind, which on this
contrary, on the other fide of the Iflands would be favoura-

ble to him. Thus towards Evening he took up An-

Fri-
chor and hoifed up his Sails, and refolv'd to pafs his
gat between the two Iflands i which how
dangerous and
I lay
defperate an attempt it was, the Event witnefs'd.
now ( as I may truly fay ) on my death-bed, not re-

garding which way the Matter of the Ship, or

Fortune
carried me, fo that the Mercy of the
Lord carried my Soul
toJieaven. No fooner had the Frigat fteerM her courfe
between the narrow paffage of the two Iflands, when
being carried with the Stream too much to
one fide oí
Stern was
the Land it ran upon a Rock i fo that the very
lifted up, and almoftcaft out of the Pilots hands, who cry-
ed out, not to God, but to the Virgin Mary, faying,
Ayudad nos Virgin Santtflitna, que ftno aqui nos perecemos,

help us, moft holy Virgin, for if not, here we periOu

O Frigat gave
This, and the outcry of all that were in the
me an Alarm of death, from which yet it pleafed

God by the diligence of the^ painful Mariners to deli-

ver me and the Company > for with much ado moft
all

part of Night they haled from the Cock-boat the

that
Frigat off from the Rock, after the Stream had made
it three

feveral times ftrike upon if. After a very trouble fome

Night, in the Morning we got our little Ship out of dan-
ger and from between the two Iflands on the
other fide

of them, where we faiPd profperoufly townds Panama*

That morning my ftomach recover'd Strength, and I
began to eat and drink, and to walk about, rqoycing
much to fee thofe pleafant Iflands which we faiVd
by. In the Evening we got to Puerto de Perico % where
we' caft Anchor, expecting to be fearch'd in the mor-
nine, but that Night (the Matter of our Ship having
F f 4 gone
 44* A New Survey Chap. XXI
gone adiore ) the Wind
turn'd and blew fo ftrong that we
loft our Anchor, and were driven
back almoft to la Pacbeqne
and fear'd we ihould be carried out into the
Ocean again
fo far- that we ihould with great difficulty
get to Panama
But that God whom the Sea and Winds
obey, turrfd
again that contrary Wind into a profperous
Gale, where-
with we came once more to Perico > and
being fearch'd
we went on with full Sail to Panama ; being near the Port
and without an Anchor, the Wind once
more blew us
back, and had not the Ship-mafter
fent us an Anchor,
we had gone again to Pacheque or further. But with
that
Anchor we ftay'd all that night at Perico, wondring
amone
our many croffes ihould befal us, which
felves that fo
made fome fay, we were bewitch 'd others, that
cer- i
tainly there was among us fome
excommunicate perfon
whom they faid if they
knew, they ihould hurl bim over
board. Whilft they were in this difcourfe, the wind turn'd
yet again, and we weighing Anchor went on to Panama,
whither it pleafed God that time fafely to conduft us.
I being now well firengthned made no fiay in that
Frigat
which I thought would have been my laft abiding-
place in
this World, but went to Land, and betook my felf
to the
Cloifter of the Dominicans, where I ftay'd
almoft fifteen
days viewing and reviewing that City which
\ is Governed
like Guatemalabyd Preíídent and fix
Judges, and a Court
of Chancery, and is a Biihop* feat. It has more
ftrength
towards the South Sea than any other Port which
on that
fide I badfeen, and fome Ordnance
planted for the Defence
of it i but the Houfcs are of the leaft ftrength of any place
I had entred in ; for Lime and Stone
hard to come by, and
is
therefore, and for the great
Heat there, moft of the
houfes are built of Timber and Boards
i the Prefidents
Houfe, ray the beft Church-walls are but
Boards, which
fervc for Stone and Brick, and
for Tiles. The Heat
is fo extraordinary that a
Linnen cut Doublet, with
f me flight Stuff or Taffety Breeches is the common
cloth-
ing of the Inhabitants. Fiih, Fruits and
Sallets arc more
plentiful there than FlcOu the
cool Water of the Coco is
the
:hap.' XXL •/ the Weft-Indies. 445
heWomensbeft Drink, though Chocolattc alio, and much
Wine from Peru be very abounding. The Spaniards arc
lere much given to fin, Loofeneis and Venery efpecially,
making the Bbac^moors, (who
many, rich and gal-
are

lant ) the chief Objeasof It is held to be one

their Luft,

of the richeii places in America, having by Land and by the

River Cbiagre commerce with the North-Sea, and by the
South, trading with all Peru,Ea(i-lndia\ Mexico and Hondu-
ras. Thither brought the chief Treafure of Peru in two or
is

three great Ships, which lie at anchor at Puerto de Perico

three Leagues from the City h for the great ebbing of the
Sea at that place, fuiFers not any great Veffel to come
nearer, where dayly the Sea ebbs and falls away from the Ci-
ty two or three Miles, leaving a Mud, which is thought to
much
caufe being feconded with many-
Unhealthinefs,
muddy and mooriíh places about the Town. It con-
fitts of fome rive thoufand Inhabitants, and maintains
at leaft eight Cloifiers of Nuns and Friers. I fear'd much

the Heats, and therefore made as much haft out of it as

I could. I had my choice of Company by Land and Water

to PortobelU, But confidering the Hardnefs of the Moun-

tains by Land, I refolv'd to go by the River Cbiagre i and
fo at Midnight 1 fet out
ten or twelve leagues
from Panama to Venta de Cruzes^
from it. The way is thither
m
very plain for the molt part, and pleafant in the Morning
and Evening.
we got to Venta de Cruzes^ where
Before ten of the clock
live none but Mulattos and Black-moors^ who belong to
the flat-boats that carry the Merchandiie toPortobel. There
I had very good Entertainment by that people, who deiir'd
me to preach to them the raext Sabbath-day and gave
me twenty Crowns for a Sermon, and Proceflion. After
five days abode there, the Boats fet out, which were
much ftopt in down the River h for
their paffage
in fome places the Water very low, fo that
we found
the Boats ran upon the Gravel whence with Poles
•,

and the Strength of the Blackamoors they were to be lifted

off again i fometimes again we met with fuch Streams
M
 r

444 ,
4 New Survey Chap. XXI.
as carried us with the fwiftnefs of an
Arrow down un-
der Trees and Boughs by the River
which fometi mes fide,
alio ftopt us till we cut them
down. Had not it
pleafed God to fend us after the firft
week plentiful
Ram, which made the Water run down from
the
Mountains and fill the River ( which otherwiie of it
jelf very ihallow ) we might have had
is
a tedious and
longer pafTage i but after twelve days we
got to the Sea
and at the point landed at the Caftle to refreih
our felves'
for half a day.
Certainly the Spaniards truft to the
Streams and Shallows o that River, which they
think will
keep off any forrain nation, from attempting to come
up to
Venta de Cruzes, and from thence to Panama, or
elfe they
would ftrengthen more and fortifie that Caftle, which
my
m
time wanted great Reparations, and was ready
to
fall. The Govemour of the Caftle was a notable
Wine-bibber, who plyed us with that Liquor the
time
that we ftayed there, and wanting a Chaplain
for him-
felf and Soldiers, would fain have had me
ftay'd with him >
but greater matters call'd me further, and fo I
took my
leave of him, who gave us fome Daintes of freih
Meat, Fifh,
and Conferves, and fo difmifled us. We got out to the o-
pen Sea, difcovering firft the Efeudo de Veragua, and keep-
ing fomewhat clofe to the land, we went on rowing
to-
wards Portobel, Evening, which was Saturday-Night •
till

then we caft Anchor behind a little I (land, refolving in

the Morning to enter into Portobel. The Black moors all
that Night kept Watch for fear oí Hollanders, who,
they
faid, did often lie in wait thereabouts
for the Boats of
Cbiagrt; but we paiTed the night fafely, and next
morn-
ing got to Pombzlh, whofe Haven we obferv'd to be very
ftrong, withtwo Caftles at the mouth, and conftant Watch
within them, and another call'd St. Miami further
in th«
Port.
When I came into the Haven, I was forry
to fee that
ihe Galcons were not come from Spain, knowing the
longer I ftay'd in that place, the greater would be my
charges. Yet I comforted my fclf that the time of the year
was
 j

Chap: XXI. e/ the Weft-Indies. 44

that they could not long delay their co-
was come, and
ming. My firft thoughts were of taking up a Lodging,
which at that time were plentiful and cheap, ray fome
were offer'd me for nothing, with this Caveat, that when
the Gaieons did come, 1 muft either leave them, or
pay a
dear rate for them. A kind Gentleman who was the

Kings Treafurer, falling in difcourfe with me, promifed to

help me, that I might be cheaply lodg'd, even when the
Ships came, and Lodgings were at the higheft rate. He,
interpofing his Authority, went with mc to feek one, which
at the time of the Fleets being there, might continue to be
mine. It was no bigger than would contain a Bed, a Ta-
ble, and a Stool or two, with room enough
befide to o-

pen and fhutthe Door, and they demanded of me for it,

during the forefaid time of the Fleet, fixfeore Crowns,
which commonly is a fortnight. For the Town being
little and the Soldiers that come with the Gaieons for

their defence at leaft four or five thoufand i befides Mer-

chants from Teru, from Spain, and many other places to
buy and fell, is the caufe that every Room, tho never fo
fmall, be dear, and fomctimes all the Lodgings in the
Town are few enough (of fo many people, which at that
time meet at Portobel. I knew a Merchant who gave a

thoufand Crowns for a Shop of reafonable bignefs, to fell

his Wares and commodities that year that I was there, for
fifteen days only, which the Fleet continu'd in that
Haven, I thought it much for me to give the fixfeore
Crowns ckmaaded of me room, which was but
for a

a Moufe-hole, and began to be tioubl'd, and told the

Kings Treafurer that I had been lately robb'd at Sea,
and was not able to give much, befides charges
fo
for my diet, which I would prove as much
tear'd
more. r3ut not 3 farthing would be abated of what
was ask'd whereupon the good Treafurer pitying me, of-
•,

fer'd to the man of the houfe to i pay him threefcore

Crowns of it, if I was able to pay the reft, which
I muft do, or die lie in the Street. Yet till the
Fleet did come, I would not enter into this dear
Hole,
44¿ A New Survey Chap. XXI.
Hole, but accepting of another fair Lodging, which was
ofFer'd me for nothing. Whilft I thus expected the Fleets
coming fome Mony and offerings I got for MaiTes, and for
two Sermons which I preach'd at fifteen Crowns apiece.
I vifited the Caftles,
which indeed ieem'd to me very
iirong » but what moft I wondred at was to fee
the
Reqxa's of Mules which came thither from Panama laden
with Wedges of Silver:, in one day I told 200 Mules,
laden wi:h nothing elfe, which were unladen in the
pu-
blick Market place, fo that there the heaps of
Silver
Wedges lay heaps of Stones in the Street, without any
like
fear of being loft.Within ten days the Fleet came, con-
iiiting of eight Galeons, and ten Merchants ihips,
which
forced me to run to my Hole. It was a Wonder to fee the
Multitude of People in thoCe Streets which the Week before
had been empty.
Then began the Price of all things to rife, a' Fowl tobe
worth twelve Rials, which in the Main-Land before I had
often bought for one i a pound of Beef then was worth two
Rials, whereas I had had in other places thirten pound for
half a Rial, and fo of all other Provifion, which tvas
fo exceffive dear, that I knew not how to live but by
Fiih and Tortoifes, which there are very many, and tho
fomewhat dear, yet were the cheapeft Meat I could eat.
It was worth feeing how Merchants fold their Commo-
dities, not by the Ell or Yard \ but by the Piece and Weight,
pot paying in coin'd Pieces of Money, but in Wedges,
which were weigh'd and taken for Commodities. This
lafted but fifteen days, whilft the Galeons were lading with
Wedges or Silver, and nothing elfe s fo that for thofe fif-
teen days, 1 dare boldly avouch, that in the world there
is no greater Fair than that of Portobel, between the Spanijh.

Merchants, and thofe oí Peru, Panama, and other parts

thereabouts.
Whilft this traffick was, it hapned to me that which
I have formerly teftified in my Recantation Sermon at
Fault Church, which if by that means it have not come
to the knowledge of many, I defire again to record it in
this
Chap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 447
that to all England it may be
puMiOiM i
this my Hiftory,
chief Church,
which was that cne day faying Mafs in the
after the Confecration of *ne Bread,
being with my eyes
ot Rome calls the
(hut at that Prayer, which the Church
the Altar
Memento for the dead, there came from behind
running about, came to the very Bread or
a Moufe, which
Wafer god of the Papifts, and taking it in his mouth, ran
away with it, not being perceiv'd by any of the people
who are at Mafs, for that the Altar was high, by reafon
beneath.
of the fteps going up to it, and the people far
But as foon as I open'd my ryes to go on with my Mafs,

and perceiv'd my God floln awayf I look'd about the

Altar, and faw the Moufe running away with it
which on ',

well what
a fudden did fo ftupifie me, that I knew not
to do or fay,and calling my Wits together, I thought thai
if I fiiould take no notice of the mifchance,
and any body
elfe in the Church (hould, I might juftly
be queftion'd by
the Inquifition i but if I ihould call to the people to look
for my
for the Sacrament, then I might be but rebuked
Cawlefnefs, which of the two I thought would be
mor eafely born,then the Rigor of the Inquifition. Where-
upon not knowing what the people had feen, I tum'd my
felf to them, and call'd them to the Altar,
and told
them plainly, that whiltf I was in my Memento Prayers and
Meditations, a Moufe had carried away the Sacrament,
and that I knew not what to do, unleis they wouid help
me to find it again. The people call'd a Prieñ that
was at hand, who prefently brought in more of his Coat,
and as if their God by this had been eaten up, they pre-
fently prepared to find out the Thief, as if they would eat
up the Moufe that had fo aifaulted and abufed their God *
they lighted Candles and Torches to find out the Male-
factor in his fecret Places of the Wall ; and after much
fearching and inquiry for the fecrilegious Beaft, they
found at laft in a Hole of the Wall the Sacrament half

eaten up, which with great Joy they took out, and as if
the Ark had been brought again from the PhililHns to
the Ifraelitet, fo they rejoy'd for their new found God,
whom
 r
44& A New Survey Chap, XXÍ.
whom with many people now reforted to the Church,
with many Candles and Torches, with joyful and fo-
lemn mufick they carried about the Chuich in Proceffion.
My ielf was prefent on my knees, (haking and quivering
for what might be done to me, and expecting
my Doom
and Judgments as the Sacrament pa fled by me, Iobferv'd
in it the-aoarks of the teeth of the Moufe as they
are to be
feen in a piece of Cheefegnawn and eaten by it.
This firuck me
with fuch Horror, that I car'd not at
that prefent whether I had been torn in a thoüfand
pieces
for denying publickly that Moufe-eaten God. I call'd to
my beft memory all philofophy concerning Subfiance and
Accident, and refolv'd within my fclf, that what I faw
gnawn was not an Accident, but'fome real Sublhnce cat-
en and devoured by that vermin, which certainly was fed
and nouriíhed by what it had eaten, and Phylofophy well
teacheth, fubftaniia cibi ( non accidentis ) convertitur in
fub-
fiatttiam aliti i the fubitance (not the accident of the frood
or Meat ) is converted and turned into the fubftancc of
tfce thing fed by k and alimented : Now here Í knew that
this Moufe had fed en fome fubftance, or elfe how could
the marks of the teeth fo plainly appear ? But no Papiil
will be willing to anfwer that it fed on the iubflance
of
Chriiis body, ergo, by good confequence it follows that it
fed on the fubftance of Bread \ and fo Tranfubfiantiation
here in my Judgment was confuted by a Moufe i which
mean and bafe Creature God chofe to convince me of my
former Errors, and made me rioW reiclve en What ma-
ny years before I had doubted, that certainly the point
of Tranfubitantiation taught by the Church of Rome* is
moft damnable and erroneousi for betide what before I have
obferyed, it contradicts that Philofophicat Axiom,
teaching that duo contradiüoria non poffunt pmUl femel de &
eodem verifican, two Contradictions cannot at once and at
the fame time be {aid and verified of the fame thing
y
but here it was foy for here in Romes Judgment and Opi-
nion Chrifts body was gnawn and eaten, arid at the fame
time the fame Body in another place, and on another
Alt**
Chap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 449
Altar in the hands of another Prieft was not eaten and
gnawn: Therefore here are two Contradictories verified oi
the fame BodyofChrift: to wit it was eaten and gnawn,
md it was not eaten and gnawn. Thefe ImpreiTions at
that time were fo great in me, that I reiolv'd in my
felf, that Bread really and truly was eaten on the Alar,
and by no means Chrifts glorious Body, which is in Hea-
ven, and cannot be on earth Subject to the Hunger or
Violence of a Creature. Here again I deuYd with godly
David that I might have the wings of a Dove to fly in-
to my Country of England, and there be fatisfied in this
point, and be at reft of Confcience. Here 1 refolv'd if
I had been queftion'd for my Garelefneis, or for my
Contempt of that Romifh Sacrament ( which I thought
would be the judgment of the Spaniards, who knew me
to be an English-man) mat I would facrifice willing-
ly my Life for the Proteftant Truth, which as yet I had
been no otherwife taught, but by that Spirit which ( as
Saloman well obferves ) in a man is the Candle cf the
Lord. I conceiv'd here that this was fome Comfort to my
Soul which my good God would afford me in the way of
my travelling to Canaan, that I might more willingly
bear whatfoever Croffcs might befal me in my way
to England. The Event of this Accident was not any
trouble that fell on me for it i for indeed the Spani*
ards attributed it to the Carelefnefs of hirrt who had
Care of the Altars in the Church, and not to any Con-
tempt in me to the Sacrament. The part of the Wafer
that was left after the Moufe had filled her belly, was
laid up after the folemn Proceflion about the Church, in a
Tabernacle for that purpofe, that afterwards it might be
eaten up by fome hungry Prieft. And becaufe fuch a high
contempt had been offer'd by a contemptible Vermin to
their Bread- god it was commanded through fottobd that
day, that all the people ihould humble themfttaes-and
mourn, and faft with Bread and Water only. Though Í
faw I was not quefiioned for the cafe, yet I fear'd where
there were fo many Soldiers and forain people, that by
fome
 45 o
'¿ Ne# Survey Chap. XXI.
fome or other I might be mifchiefed out of their blind
Zeal, wherefore I thought it not amifs for a day or two
to keep my Lodging. Von Carlos de Ibarra, the Ad-
miral of that Fleet, made great halle to be gone i
which made Merchants buy and fell apace, and lade the
Ships with Silver Wedges h whereof I was glad, for the
more they laded, the kfsl unladed my Purfe with buying
dearProviíion, andfoonerl hop'd tobe out of that unheal-
thy place, which of it felf is very hot, and fubjeel to breed
Fevers, nay Death, if the Feet be not preferv'd from wet,
whenit rains i but efpecially when the Fleet is there,
it an (open Grave, ready to fwallow part of that
is

numerous people, which then refort to it, as was

feen the year that I was there, when about 500 Sol-
diers, Merchants and Mariners, what with Fevers, and
the Flux caufed by too much eating of Fruit, and
drinking of Water, what with other diforders, loft

their Lives, rinding it to be to them not Porto bello^

but Porto malo. And this isufual every year i therefore for
the relief of thofe that come fick from Sea, or ficken
there, a great and rich Hofpital is in the Town,
with many Fryers, call'd Ve la Capacha, or by others Vé
Juan de Vios, whole Calling and Profeflion is only to cure
and attend ou the fick, and to bear the dead to their
graves. The Admiral fearing the great ficknefs that year,
made hafte to be gone, not fearing the Report of fome
three or four Holland or EngliJhShlps abrond at Sea,
waiting (as was fuppofed) for fome good prize out of
that great and rich Fleet. This news made roc fear,
and think of fecuring my felf in one of the beft and
ftrongelt Galeons , but when I came to treat of my paffage
in one of them, I found I could not be carried tn any
under 300 Crowns, which was more then I was able
to afford. With I thought
this to addrefs my felf
to f >me> Matter Merchants Ship, tho I knew I
of a
could not be fo fafe* and fecure in them, as in

a Galeón well mann'd with Soldiers, and Guns

of Brafs i yet I hop'd in God, who is a ftrong
Refuge
Shap. XXL of tk Weft-Indies. 45 1

\efuge io them that fear him, and now provided for

ne a cheap and fure Paflage. For meeting one day
tfith my Friend the Treafurer, he
again pitying me as
1 Stranger, and lately robb'd, commended me to the
Waiter of a Merchant Ship, calPd St. Sebaftian, whom
leknew was defirousto cany a Chaptein with him at his
)wu Table.' 1 no'fooner addrefs'd mv felf to htm, uiing
:he Name and Favour of his and my
Fiiend the Treafurer,
fe prefently 1 found him willing to accept of my company,
vomiting to carry me for nothing, and to board
ne at his own Table, only for my prayers to God for
iim and his, offering further to give me fome
Satisfaction
each his Ship. I b'eíTeá
¡or any Samons i íhould pi in

3od, acknowledging in this alfo his Providence, who

n all my return to England, The
occafions further'd
ships being laden we fet forth for Cartbagena and the
"econd day we difcover'd four Ships, which made the
Merchant Ships, afraid, and keep clofe to the Galeonss
trufting to their Strength more than their own, The
5hip I wings either
was in, was fwift and nimble under the
of the Admiral or of fome other of the heft Galeons ,
but ail

[he other Merchants Ships were not fo,but fome

flowly came

an behind, whereof two were carryed away by the Hollando

in the night, before we could get to Cartagena.
The greateft Fear that poifefs'd the Spaniards in this
Vojra^e, was about the Ifland of Providence, called by
Siem^S** Catarina, or St. Katharine, whence they
feared left lome Englifh Ships íhould come -again/*
them,

with great ftrength They curfed the %riglt(b in it, and call'd
the Ifland a den of Thieves and Pirates wiihihg the King
of Spain would take fome courfe with it, or elfe that
it wouid prove very prejudicial
-to the Spaniard, lying near

the mouth of the Vepguadero, and fo endangering the

F»i-

gusot Granada, and ftanding between fortobd and Car-

tagam, and (b tbreatning the Gafcons, aud their Kings

yearly and mighty Treaiure. ;

Thus wjth bitter Invectives againft the ¥.n^j>(h and the

Ifland otíYotáMc?, weiail'don to Cinkagent, 'whete «pik
Gg *?
 4 yi A New Survey Chap.XXl.
we met with the four Ships which before had follow'd
u?, and had taken away two of our Ships, and now at our
entring into the Port, threatned to have carried away
more of our Company i which they might have done, if

I they
I
would have ventur'd upon the Ship wherein
went,which at the turning about the Land point
to get into the Haven, ran aihore, which if it had been
rocky, as it was fandy and gravelly, had certainly
been caft away, by keeping too near the Land i from
which Danger by the Care of the Mariners, and their
a&ive Pains, we were fafely delivered, as alfo from the
Ships which follow'd us as far as they durft for fear of the
Canon of the Cattle and thus we entr'd into the Ha-
•,

ven of Cartbagena, and ftay'd there eight or ten days,

where I met with fome of my Country-men there Pii-
foners, who had been taken at Sea by the Spaniards ,
and belong'd to the ¡Hand of Providence , among whom
was the renown'd Capt. Koufe and about a dozen
more with whom I was glad to meet, but dütft not
.

llicw them too much countenance, for fear of being

iufpe&ed i yet I foon got the good will of fome of them,
who being deftin'd to Spain, were very defirous to go in
the Ship wherein 5 went, which delire of theirs I further'd,
and was fuiter to my Captain to carry four of them,
which for my fake he willingly yielded to > amognft
fhtie was one Edward Layfield ( who afterwards fef>
rlng out of St. Lucar for England, was taken captive
c
by the ínrh , and iince from Turkey writ into England to
me to help to releafe him ) with whom both at Cartbagena,
s\id in the way in the Ship I had great difcourfc concer-
1
ting points o Religion, and by him came to know fome
things profek'd in England, which my Confcience ( while
Í lived in America ) much inclin'd to. I was mach ta-

ken with his Company, and found him very officious to

tnes whofc Kjndncfs requited by fpeaking for him in the
I

ShJU totiV: Matter and Mariners, who otherwife were for-

i

ward to abufe him and the ten of the Englijb Company,

a? Prifonetsand SUves.
At
Chap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 45 j
At Gartbagena we heard a report of 60 Sail of Hol-
landers waiting for the Galeons, which ftruck no little
Fear into the Spaniards i who cal Pd aCouncil whether
)ur Fleet fhould winter or go unto Spain.
there, It

prov'd but a falfe of the Inhabitants of Car-

report
tagena, who for their own Ends and Lucre would
willingly have had the Ships and Galeons have ftaid there».
xit Von Carlos de Ibarra reply 'd, that he fear'd not
too Sail of Hollanders, and therefore would go on to
Spain, hoping to carry thither fafely the Kings Trea-
sure. Which he perform'd, and in eight days arriad at
Havana, where we flaid eight days longer, expecting
he Fleet from Vera Cruz. In which time I view'd well
hat flrong Caftle rnann'd with the twelve Guns, call'd
be twelve ApoUet, which would do little hurt to an Army
>y Land, or marching from the River of Matanfos. f vifited

lere the Mother of that Mulatto, who had taken away ail

ny means at Sea, and fpent much time in eomforiing

ny poor Countrymen the Piifoners, but efpecially that
jallant Cajpt. Rettfe, who came to me to complain
if fome which had been orTerd' him by the Spa-
affronts
iards in the Ship wherein he came which he not ;,

>eing able to put up, though a Prifoner to them, de-

¡rcd roqueftion in the Field, challenging his proud
ontemners to meet him, if they durft in any place of the
lavana, (a brave courage in a deject'd and impriion'd*
InglifhMm, to challenge a Spaniard in his Country, a
2ock on his ownDunghil, ) which as foon as I under-
:ood by Edward Layfieldi I deiir'd to take up, fearing
hat many would on him cowardly and mince him
fall

mall in pieces. I ferit for him to the Cloifter where {

ly ; and there I had Conference with him, prevailing fo far

hat I made him deiift from, his thoughts of going into
be Field, and (hewing his Manhood in fuch á time and
Mace, where his low Condition of a Prifoner might well
xcufe him. The reft of my Poor Counrry-men were here
luch difcourag'd, and in fome Want, whom I leliev'd
efpecially La)field) and encourag'd as much as 1 was
G & 2 avteV
 AM*«
454 J New Survey Chap. XXI,
able. chanced here to have occaíión to take a little
I

Phyfick before I went to Sea, and thereby I Jeam'd

what before I never knew, to wit, the Diet which on fuch
a day the beft Phyficians of Havana prefcribe to their Pa-
tients. Whereas after the working of my Phyfick, I expected
a piece of Mutton, or a Fowl, or fome other nouriihing
meat, my f hyfician left order that I (hould have a piece of
roiled Pork, which feeming to me a diet contrary to
that days Extremity, I refufcd it, alledging to my Dc&or
the contrary courfe of all Nations, the Natural Quality
of that Meat to open the Body. To which he replied,
that what Pork might work on mans Body in other
Nations, it work'd not there, but the contrary i and fo he
wiPn'd me to feed on what he had prefcribed, aíTuring
me it would do me no hurt. Now as Hogs -Fleih there
is held to be fo nourifliing, fo like wife no other Meat
h more than it and Tortrifes, wherewith all the Ships make
their Provifion for Spain.. The Tortoifes they cut out in
Song thin Slices, as I have noted before of the tajfajos, and
dry it in the wind after they have well falted
and fo ic it,
fa ves the Mariners, in their Voyage to Spain, which
they eat boiPd with a little Garlick, and I have heard
them fay, that to them it tailed as well! as Veal. They
alfo take into theis- Shipsfome Fowls for the Matters and
Captains tables, and live Hogs, which would feem e-
iiough to breed Infe&ron in the Ship, had they not
care to waih often the plaee where fuch unclean Beads
lie. in the Ship where I was Paifenger, was kill'd every
week
one for the Mailers, Pilots, and Paííengers Table.
Thusall things being ready for the Ships Provifion to Spain,
and the Merchants Goods, and the Kings Revenue being
fftipt in nine days that wc abode there > we now wan-

ted nothing, but the Fleet from Vera Cruz, which ihould
hive met us there on the eighth ot September. But
Don Carlor de Ibarra, teeing it ihy'd longer than the
time appoint! d } and fearing the Weathtr, and the New
Moon of that Month which commonly proves dan-
geroiis in the Golf of Bahama, reíblv'd toitay no longer,
but
Chap. XXL a/ the Weft-Indies. 455
>ut to fet out to Spain. On
Sabbath-day therefore ¡n
a

;he morning we hoifed fails, (being in all (even and

:wenty Ships with thofe which had met us there from

Honduras and the lilands ) and one by one we fail'd out
>f the Havana to the main Sea, where we that day wafted
ibout for a Wind, and alio waiting for our Guide>
which was not yet come out of the Havana to guide us
through the Gulf of Bahama. But that night we wihYd
3ur felves again in the Havana thinking we were
¡

:ompalTed about with a ftrong Fleet of Hollanders^ many

Ships came among us, which made us prov defer a Fight
n the Morning. A Council of War was call 'd and all that
night Watch was kept, the.Guns prepar'd, red Glochs hung
round the Ships, Orders fent about to the Galeons and
Merchants Ships what Pofture and Place to be in. That
wh ich I was in, was to attend the Admiral, which I hopld
would be a nrong Defence to us Ouff men were coura-
gious and ready to Fight, though I liked not fuch Martial
bufineis and difcourfe i but for me a place was prepared
where might lie fafe among fome Barrels of fSis-
I

ker. Í had all the Night enough to do, to hear the. Gonfef-
Gonsof thofe in the Ship, who thought they could not die
happily with the ihot of a Hiland Bullet, till they had
confefs'd their Sins to me, who towards Morning
had more need of Reft , than Fighting , after the
wearying my Ears with hearing fo many wicked, grie-
vous, and abominable Sins, But the dawning of the
day difcovered our caufelcfs Fear, which was from F¡fíends9
and not from any Enemies or Hollanders ; for the Ships
which were joyn'd to us in the Night,, were ,3$
tearful of us, as we of them, and prepar'd themfelves
like wife to Fight in the Morning, which fliew'd us
their Colours , whereby we knew tha^ they were the
Fleet which we expected from Vera Cmz, to go along
with us to Spain. Tiiey were two and twenty Sail,
which little thought to find us out of the Havana,
but within the Haven lying al^ Anchor, waiting for
their coming , and therefore' in 'the flight iear'd
Gg 3 .lis
45 6 A New Survey Chap. XXI.
u
s much more than we them. But when the day clear'd
<>ur Doubts and Fears, then began the Martul Colours
to be taken down, the joyful Sound of Trumpets, with
the help of Nepiunes Kingdoms eccho'd from Ship to
Ship, the Boats carried welcoming MclTages from one to
another, the Spanijh Brindu with buen Viaje, buen
Pajfaje,
was Generally cryed, the whole Morning fpent with
friendly Acclamations and Salutations. But in the midft
of our Joy and Sea-greetings, we being now in
this
all two and fifty Sail, (yet we not knowing well how
many they were from Vera Cruz, nor they how ma-
ny we were from the Havana) two Ships were found
smongft us, (whether Englifh or Hollanders, we could not
well difcover, but the Englijh Priioncrs with me told
me
they thought one was a Ship of England czWd the Neptune)
which having got the Wind of us, fingl'd out a Ship of
ours which ( belong'd to Dunfyr^ and from S. Lucar
or
Caks had been fore'd to the Kings Service in that Voyage
to the Indias, laden with Sugars and other rich Commo-
dities, to the worth of at leaft 8co o Crowns,
) and
fuddenly giving her a whole broad fide ( receiving a
reply only of two Guns) made her yield, wirhout any
hope of help from ¡To proud and mighty a Fleet, for that
(he was too far ftraggl'd from the reft of the Ships. The
whole Bulinc'fslaftcd not above half an hour, but pre-
sently five was carried away from under our Nofes
i the

Spamards chang'd their merry Tunes into voto a dios, and

mtoaCbriJio, in raging, and curling and fwearing fome revi-
ling of the Captain of the Ship which was taken, faying
\ic wasfälfe, and yielded on purpofe without righting,
be-
caufe he was forced to come that Voyage-, others curling
?hofeth9f took her, and calling thém bijas it puta, Borra-
-kos, infames Lactones, Ballard's Drunkards, infamous
,

Thieves, and Pirates.» fome taking their Swords in their

hands, as if they would cut them in pieces, fome laying
hold cf their Muskets, as if they would there ihoot them,
others fiamping like mad men, and running about the
pip, p jf they would leap over board, gnd make halie
:hap.XXL of the Weft-Indies. 457
iter them-,
>er S that were
others grinning
in the Ship ,
at the poor
as if they won d lUb
^fj^
them
I mutt
br what faid their Couu try- Men had done.
( they )
thofe Furious
had enough to do to hold fome of
,eeds fay, I

md raging brains from doing Layfield a mifchicf, who I

arguing, and an-
nore than the reft would be {railing,
outragious Nonience. Order was prcfently
iwering their
two more Galeons to par-
ñven to the Vice Admiral and
for the Wind was
agamft
fue them; but all in vain,
and itjoycing as
them, and fo the two Ships laughing
and rag'd, fail d away con
much as the Spaniards curfed
Gallantly Rafting withio
Viento enPopa, with full Sail,

Rich a pfe taken away from two and fifty Ship?, or ( as

chiefeft and gteateit ftrength ot
t may fay) from the

SP their leave
Vnt afternoonthe Fleet of Vera Cruz, took
with Ptovifion to go on to
of us, C not being furnim'd
and we let tor-
Spain with us ) and went into the Havana i
prefent but he
ward to Ewrtr, fearing nothing for the
fafcly with the
Gulf of Bahama, through which we got
guidance of fuch Pilots, which our Admiral Von
help and
purpote.
Carlos had chofen, and hired for that
fight wh.cn
i (hail to tell my Reader, of the
not need
many bsorms
we had of St. Augufim, Florida, nor of the
degrees we
we fuffer'd in this Voyage, nor of the many
made us (hake with cold more than
came under, which
oí Winter, only
the Frofts of England do in the worít
that the beft of our Pilots not knowing where
I fay
they were, had like to have betray'd
us all to the Rocks
breaking pi the day
oí Bermuda, one Night, had not the
upon them. * or
given us Warning that we were running
which the Spaniards inQead of giving God thanks tor
Danger, began again to curie
their delivery out of th.t
inhabited that II and
and rage againtt the Englifc which
faying that they hadinghmted that
and the icft ot thofe
the Devil "ifeStormsm
Iflanfs about, and did fttll with
when the S^iftf'Fleet pafi'd that way. F o m
thofe Seas
we Cavld wui -m
dunce when we had UWy
eicapd,
Gg4 l,i;:
 45 8 J New Survey Chap. XXI.
the lílands call'd Terceras, where
fain we would have
taken in frtfli Water, (for that which
we had taken in
at Havana, now began ro
ink, and look yellow, making
ft

us flop our Notes, weopcn'd our Moschs, ) but

whiift
rigid Dm Carlos would not pity the reft
of his Company,
who led us by the lílands^ and the Night following
we
all with d our felves in feme
Harbour of them i for
C though in their conceit thole
lílands were not inchan-
Kd by Englijh-Mcn, but inhabited by
holy and Idolatrous
PapiftO we were no
fooner got from them, when there
role the greateftStorm we had in all our Voyage from
Havana to Spam, which lafted full eight
days, where
we loft one Ship and indanger'd two Galcons, which
mot
oñ their warning-pieces tor Help, and made
us all ftay and
wait on them, til! they had repair'd
their Tackling and
snain-Mait. We went on fometimes one
way, fometimes
another, not well knowing where we
were, drinking our
ftmkipg water hy allowance of Pints, till tmeecr four days
arteritis florin wasceafed, we difcover'd Land, which made
all cry out, Hjfpania, Eifpania, Spain, Spain; whilft a
Council wasfumraqnvJ by the Admiral to
know what Land
tint was ,
feme fold away Biskef, others Water, to
thole that wanted ( every one thinking that it ivas fome
part of Spain ) bat therefuk of the wife'Council
was after
rtiey had iail'd nearer the land, and had laid and
loft
fQftnvWagers about if, that it. wss the Ifland of
Madera,
which mide fome curfe the Ignorance of the
Pilots, and
roade alius prepare our -felves with
Pat/ence for a longer
V oyage. It pleas'd God from the difcovery of this
Ifland,
to grant us a Favorable Wind to Spain,
where within 12
days we ftfcover'd Cales -.and fome of the Ships
there left
Us, but moil oí them went for San
Lucar, as did the
Sams wherein I went;, when v*c came near, the
dangerous
place, which the Spaniards call La buna, we durftnot ven-
ture ourShips on cwr pilot.? own knowledge but call'd for i
Pilots to vivac ¿s ¡ri who greedy of Lucre came out
s

|n.Eoa.?s almoíífpi every Ship on;. November 2%.> 1637. we

'

caft
Chap: XXL 4 the Weft-Indies. 459
de Barameda about one of the
Ucar
cafi Anchor within St.

clock after noon, and

before Evening othar Pagers
a (hoar ( having hrii been íearch d )
and
and my felt went
to the Closer of S. Vo-
thought Í might ptefenily have gone
where my old Frier Pablo de Londres was yet living,
mimcL
whom I knew would be glad of my coming from the
India s,
to enjoy my friends both
vet I thought fit the hrft Night
Spaniards and Eag/z/fc, (who had
come lo long a Voyage
to take my Reft better
with me) in fome Ordinary, and
than fhould do in a Cloifter, where I e^pe&ed
abroad I

Friers Supper, a hard and mean

Lodging, many
but a poor
Frier Pablo concerning the
Fooliih Quefiions from old
fo many years, and finally
Indias and my abode there
to roufe the drowfie Frieis
the noife ot Bells and Ratks
to Matins at Midnight. That Night there-
from their Sleep
Englijh Ordinary, where I re-
fore 1 beiook my felfto an
freih'd felf and my poor Prifoners, (
my who by the Mate
of the Ship were comroited to
my Charge that N'ght and
forth- coming when
forward on my Word, fo as to be
and next Morning I tent my
they Qiould be call'dj
to the Cloifter to old
honcft Friend Layfield with a Letter
who on my Summons came joyfully to
Pablo dt Londres,
welcome me from the Indias, and after very little diicourle
told me
of Ships in the Haven ready to kt oat for En*
old Frier being ot a decrepit and
doting age,
eland. The
there, delaying
thought every Day a Year that I ftay'd
thefecrcts of
my Voyage for England, and ( not knowing
my Heait )judg'd already that the Convertion or turning
Popery waited my coming,
of many Proreibnt Souls to
which made him haften me, who was more
defirous than

be gone next day, if I might have found Wind,

he to
Weather and Shipping. But God, who had been
with
Lu-
meinalmoft 90 days failing from -.Havana to San
me from many a llorm, prepar d
car and had deliver'd
further'd all things in a very thort
time for the laft
and
accomplishment of my Hope and delire, to return to E»-
.
gland my native Soil, -whence I had been abient aimott
four and twenty years.-
My
 4¿° A New Survey Chap. XXI.
My firft thought here in Lucar, was to caft off now
St.
my Friers Weed, that outward Sheepskin, which
covers
many a wolviih, greedy and covetous heart, which
doubtlefsis the Ground, why in Germany, in the Protcitant
and Lutheran Towns, when the Boys and young-men fee a
Frier go along iheets, they cry out to the Neighbours,
faying, a Wolf, a Wolf, fhut your doors i meaning, that
tho what they wear fsem to be pellis oviaa, or agnina, a
Sheep or Lambskin and their Condition of mortiried,humbIe
and meek men, yet under it is cor Lupinum, aWolves
heart, greedy of fome Prey, either worldly, of wealth and
Riches, or fpiritual, of feducing, deceiving and miileading
poor Souls. Such was the Habit, which now I defrYd
to (hake off, which was a white Goat or Gown hanging
to the ground girt about with a leathern Belt, and over
itfrom the íhoulders downward a white Scapulary (fo
calPd) hanging ihorter than the Gown both before
and behind, and over that a white Hood to cover the Head
and laftly, over that a black Cloak with another black Hood-,
both which together, the black and white make the Friers
of that Profeffion look juft like Mag-pies, and acknowledge!
by the Church of Rome itfelf in a verfe which they feign
of Martin Lutbery ( with what ground I know not )
faying of his former Life and Profeffion before his Con-
verfion, Bis Corvus, bis Pica fui, ter June ligatut. I was
twice a Crow, twice a Magpie, and thrice was bound or
tyed with a Cord ; by a Croxv meaning an Auguftine
Frier, who is all in black , by a Magpie, meaning a Domi.
mean? and by bound with a rope or Cord, meaning a
Francifcan, who indeed is girt about with a Cord of
hemp. Though the Dominican Magpie by this his Habit
make a Glofs and Underfianding, contrary to his Life
and Converfation , for by his outward black Habit,
he faith, is iignihed an outward (hew of Deadrefs and
Mortification to the world, and by his inward white Habit
an inward Purity and Chatfity of heart, thoughts and
lifes both whicji iruty are little fcen, in thofe Friers

eipccially, who outwaildly are wordly, and living to the

vvor'd
Chap: XXI. of the Weft-Indies. 46 i
Preferment?,
world covetous and ambitious of Honours,
reading and preaching ',

Bifliopricks, and places oí public's

have obtained many places of authority,
and therefore
be the King oí Spam his
as by the laws of Aragón to

father, to be Matters of the Popes Palace, and

Ghoffly
tobe chief Heads of the
thereto read a LeiTon of Divinity,
and from thefe Places to be promoted to
Inquifition,
the Counfel of State in Spain,
or to be Cardinals m Rawe,
or to injoy the richelt and
fatteft Bifliop.
andfo Popes,
in Spain, Italy, and Indias,
ricks and Arch-Biihopricks
dead to the World, nay
which (hews how little they are
Preferments, con-
how they are living to the World and its
and dead Colour of their Habits. So .like-
trary to the Black
to the whitenefs of their
wife do they not live according
inward Habit, whofe Lives are impure and inchatl, as-
what bale and
I could exempline at large, (hewing
unclean Acls have been committed
by fomc ot that Pro-
Spain, the Indias Italy
feifion in the Low Countries,
the Superior of them,
nay here in England by one Dade
one Popbam well known to be a
good fellow, and at
Houfe, by one Crafts
this day abiding in the Spanifb
and others,which would be too too long a Digrcffion from
the Whitenefs of their Habit. But I applying the Allegory
otherwife to my felr,
of this Black and white Habit
part of fee the Foulnefs and
in the outward black it

Prieilhood in the exer-

Filthinefs of my Life and Idolatrous
which (rom Rome I
cife of that ProfeiTion and Orders,
receiv'di and in the white inward Habit coniidering
Intentions and thoughts
the Purity, and Integrity of thofe
purfuarce whereof I bad left
of my inward Heart, in
which, had I
what I have noted, yea all America,
continue in if, might have been to me a Mine of Wealth,
to caft orí that
Riches and Treafure i and refolve here
put on fuch
hypocritical Cloak and Habit, and to
appear a Wolf in
Apparel whereby I might no more
but might go boldly to my
(heepskin,
Country of
(hew and make known the Candor oí
England, to
the purity and Sinceiity oí my
Thoughts,
mv J
Heart,
•
by
 40 * A New Survey Chap. XXI.
by a publick of the pure Truths of the
Profcffion
¿ofpel
without any Invention or Addition of Man.
With'
V a *
U mC S rherefbre
f ,eit ™
afe io long and
almoft a wliole years Journey from
ro St ¿*- iW,
c*r( having yet about a hundred

VuT Í T*
which! wilhngly put
gland
ths
Crowns J I gave Ord'r
r
° ^ made b * an
and prepar'd my fcf for E¿
on,
Three or four Ships were ready, who
£ ^ Taylor,

had onlv
waited for the Fleet, to take Í,
fome Commodities,
Specially fome Wcdp
of Silver, of winch I was with
old
Fabtode Londres, m doubt which tochoofe.
The firft rhat
went out was thought ihould have been my
Lot, in which
my friend Layfield imbark'd himfelf ( for all the
Enzliib
Pnfoners were there freed to go home to
their Country )
* Whkh the
Provide nce of God diverted me,
r /i "? , or
eiie had been this day with Layfield a Slave
I
in Turhy i
for next day after this Ship fet
out, it was taken by
the. lurb uñó carried away Prtz*, and all
the Enalifh
in it Pnfoners to Argiers. But God (who I hope had
relerv'd me for better things,
) appointed for mea fa-
ícr Convoy home Ship (as I was inform'd
in a
) belon-
ging to Sir William Curtin, under the command
of an honeft
stemming, nam'd Adrian Adrianzen living
at Dover then
with whom I agreed for my P.iTage and
Diet at his Table'
inis Ship fet out of the Bar of St. Lucar
the ninth
day after
my Arrival there,
where it waited for four Ships
more, but efpccially for fome Indian
Wedges of Silver
which upon Forfeiture of them it durft not
take in within
the Bar and Haven.
Thus being cloath'd after a new fafliion
and
ready to lead a new Life; changed from
an American
to an E«g/(/&-Man, the tenth day after my abode
in San Lucar, I bad adieu to Spain and all SpanHh
Fa-
fliions, and Factions, and to my old Frier'
Pablo de
Londres, with the reít oí my acquaintance,
and fo in a
Boat went over the Bar to the Ship, which
that night in
company of tour more kt forward for Enoland.
1 might
oblcrve heiemany things of che Coodncfs
ot Adrian Add-
Chap. XXL of the Weft-Indies. 463
anzen, and his good Carrhge to me in his Ship, which I
will omit, having much more to obferveof theGoodneis
of God, who Favour'd this our voyage with fuch a profp#*
rous Wind, and without any Storm, that in thirteen
days we came to Dover, where I tended, the Ship going
on to the Downs. Others that fended at Margate were
brought to Dover, and there Queftion'd and ftarch'd^ but
I 5 not fpeaking EngJiJh, but Spanifc was not at all iufpe&ed,

nor judg'd to be an EnghfhWzv ; ar,d To after two days

I took Poft in company of fome Spaniards ard an Irijh
Colonel for Canterbury and (b to Gravefend. When I
came to London, I was much troubled within my felf for
want of my Mother tongue, (for I could only {peak fome
broken words) which made me fear I Chouid not be acknow-
ledged to be an E»g//>-Man born. Yet I thought my kindred
( who knew I had ken many years loft ) would fome way
or other acknowledge me, and take notice of me, if at the
firft I addrefs'd my felf to fome of them, till I could
better exprefs my felf in Euglijb. The tiift therefore of
my whom Í had notice of, was my Lady Venelope
name,
Gage, Widow of Sir John Gage, then living in St. Jones ;
to whom next morning after my arrival to London, I ad-
drefs'd my feif for better difcovery of my Kindred*
whom though I knew to be Papifts, and therefore
ought not tobe acquainted with my inward Purpofe and Re~
folution > yet for fear of fome Want in the mean time, and
that I might by their means pradite my felf in my for-
gotten native Tongue, and that I might enquire what
Chiids part had been lefc me by my Father, that i might
learn Faihions, and laftly that I might fearch into the
Religion of England, and rind how far my Cor.fcierice.
could agree with it, and be fattened in thofe Scruples
which had troubl'd me in America, for all thííe Rea-
ifons Í thought it not amifs to look and enquire af-
ter them. When therefore Í came to my Lady 'Gagey
fhe believ'd me to be her Riniman, but lauglrd at
me, "telling me. that í f pake like an Indian or Welch
Man, and not like an ;Englifi~ÍAm¿> ryet fhe welcom'd me
home,
4¿4 A täp s« rvey Chap.XXI
home, and fent me with a Servant to a Brother Lodging
in Long Akgr, who
being in the County of Surry, and
hearing of me, fentHorfe and Man forme tocóme to keep
Chriftmas with an Uncle of mine living at Gatton > by
whom as a loft and forgotten Nephew, and now after four
and twenty years return'd home again, I was very kindly
entertain'd, and froai thence fent for to Cbeamt to one
Mr. Fromand another Kinfman, with whom I continued
till Twelfth- day, and fo return'd to London to my
Brother.
Thus my good Reader, thou feeft an dmerican, through
many dangers by Sea and Land, now fafely arriv'd in En-
gland, and thou mayft wejl with me obferve the great
and infinite Goodnefs and Mercy of God towards me a
wicked and wretched Sinner. I ihall only give thee fome
fhort Rules towards undemanding the Foc&ncbi or Indian
Language, and fo conclude.

Some
Chap. XX. of the Weft-Indies: 46 J

Some brief and fbort Styles for the better lear-

ning of the Indian tongue calíd Poconchi
or Pocoman, commonly ufed about Guate-
mala^ fome other farts of Honduras.

be true thai by the daily convention

ALthough it
the Indians have with the
which in moil places
Spaniards, they for the moft part underftand the
Spamjh tongue in common and ordinary words, fo that
a Spaniard may travel amongft them, and be underftcod
in what he caíleth for by fome or other of the Officers,
who are appointed to attend upon all fuch as travel and
pafs through their Towns : Yet becaufe the perfect know-
ledge of the Spamjh tongue is not fo common to all Indians
both Men and Women, nor fo generally fpoken by them as
their therefore the Priefts and Friers have taken pains
own,
to learn the Native tongues of feveral places and Coun*
tries, and have ftudied to bring them a form and me-
thod of Rules, that fo the ufe of them may be continued to
fuch as (hall fucceed after them, Neither is there any one
language general to all places, but fo many feveral and
different one from another, that from Chiapa and Zoques ,
to Guatemala, and San Salvador, and all about Honduras,
there are at leait eighteen feveral Languages and in this
*,

diftridfc fome Friers who have perfectly learned fix or

feven of them. Neither in any place are the Indians taught
or preached unto but in then; Native and Mother-tongue,
which becaufe the Prieii only can fpeak, therefore are they
fomach loved and iefpe&cd by the Natives. And although
fox
466 ¿New Survey Chap. XXL
for the time I learned and could fpeak in
lived there, I
two feveral tongues, the one call'd Cbacciquel, the other
toconchi or Vocoman, which have fome connexion one with
another i
and moil elegant,
yet the Poconchi being the eafieft,
and that wherein 1 did confiantly preach and teach, I
thought fit to fet down fome rules of it, ( with the Lords
Prayer, and a brief declaration of every word in it) to
witnefs and tefiifie to pofterity the truth of my being in
ihofe parts, and the Manner howthofe Barbarous tongues
have, are, and may be learned.
There is not in the Poeonchi tongue, nor in any other the
diverfity of declenfions, which is in the Latine Tongue ; yet
there is a double way of declining all Nouns, and con-
jugating all Verbs, and that is with divers Particles, accor-

ding to the words beginning with a Vowel or a Confonant^

neither is there any difference of Cafes, but only fuch as the
faid particles or fome Prepofitions may diftinguifli ;
The Particles for the words or Nouns beginning with
a Conforiant, are as followeth»
Sing. N«, A,Ru. Plural. Gf, Ata, guitatque. As for
example, Vat fignifieth a Houfe, and lat tignirieth Father,
which are thus declin'd.
Sing. Nupat my Houfe, Apat thy Houfe,R«/wf, his
Houfe. Plural, ¿apai our Houfe, Apatta your Houfe, guipAt
gacque their Houfe.
Sing. Nutat my Father, Atat thy Father, Rutat
his

Father. Plural Catat our Father, Atata your Father»

ghtitatacque their Father. Thus are declin'd Nouns
beginning with a Confonant. As, gueb> a Horfe, Nu-
'meby Aqueb, Ruquah, &c.
Hub, Book or Paper, Nubub,
Abub, Rubub. Molob. Egg, Nmnolob, Amdab,\ Rumolob.
Holom, Head, Nubolom, Abolom, Rubolom, Cbt,
Mouth,
Nttcbi Acini Rucbi. Cam, Hand, Nucam, Acam, Rticam.
Cbac, Fleih/ Nucbac, Acbac, Rucbac. Car. Fifh, Nucar,
'

Rucar. Cacar, Acarta, gheicartaqiee. Cbacquil,

Acar,
Body or Fleih of Um^ncbaquil, Acbaquii, Rmbaquil,
Cacbacquil, Acbaquilta, QmcbaqmUacqm.
Some words there are which are pronounced like //,

which
Chap. XXI. of the Weft-Indies; 467
which are written not with */, but with this letter ¿3,
peculiar in that tongue ; as tji dog, tfiqttin bird i Nutft
my Dog, Atfi thy Dog, Rmfi his Dog j Catfi our Dog,
iheir Dog. Nutfiqmn,
Atftta your Dog, g»f*/i *«q*<?
my Bird, ¡¿rfaaw thy Bird, Rmfiquin , his Bird i dr-
/?^«w our Bird, Atfiquinta, your Bird, guitfi qmntatqm
their Bird. . .

There are no feveral terminations for cafes, asm Latin ;

but the cafes are diGinguiihed with iome panicles or prepo-

fitions, as for example. The houfe of Peter, Rupat Pedro,
putting the poíTeííors name, and the particle Ru, which
particle Re 3 as for
isa poiTeffive. So for the dative, and the
exarnple, give to Peter his Dog, Chaye re Pedro Rut ft. For
when motion to a place, or elfe not,
the accufative, it is

add Chi ; as for examplego to the houfe of Peter, guiñó

, I
particle s ah3
The Vocative admitteth of this
chi rupat Pedro.
or ha, of wiihing, or calling, as O
my fon, or ho my fon,
Ah vacun, or ha vacan. The Ablative keeping ftill the fame
termination with the Nominative, is exprtiTed with feme
prepoíítion or other, as in my mouth, Pan much). with my
-,

hand, chi nucam. In iignifying I , is undeclinable, as alfo At,

fignifying you, or thou. The poiTeffive Mine is alfo unde-

clinable, as vkh'm, mine, or for me » fo thine, or for thee,

ave.Where note that in this Tongue there is no », but v ,

ora, arc pronounced as w, as though we pronounce wacun
my fon, wichin mine or for me, awe thine or for thee , we
write vacun, -aichin ave.

The particles or letters which ferve for Nouns beginning

with a vowel, are as folio weth. Singul. V. Av. K. Plural.
example, Acutí
C. or gK Av. ta. C. or qu. tacque, as for
fignifieth fon, Ixim Corn, Ochoch likewife houfe,
which are
thus declined. .
Vacun my fon, Avacun, thy fon, R¿tcnn his ion.
1

Sing,
PI. Cacm our fon, Avacmta your fon,
Cacuntacque their fon*
corn, Rixim his
1

Sing. Vixim my corn, Avixim thy

corn i Plural. Qnixim our corn, Avicimta your corn,
ñuixim tacque their corn. ;

*AwoA thy houfe, Rochoch his

Sing,
-" my
6 Vococh houfe,
H h M&i
4¿8 ANew Survey Chap.XXl.
houfe» Plural. Cocbocb our houie, Avechoehta your houfe,
Cocbocbtaque their houfe.
So likewife are varied or declined Ab'ix, fign'tfying t
plantation,or piece of ground town. Acal earth or ground.
VUu, alfo earth or ground. Achacb, hen. Save only' that
the words beginning with I, admit qu, in the tiift and third
perfon plural the reft admit for the fame perfons plural,
i

C only.
And have obfeived for the varying or declining
as thus I
oí Nouns, fo alfo do all the Verbs admit of feveral particles

for their conjugating, according as they begin cither wii ha

vovel or coníbnant. v
Thoíé that begin with aConfonant have ibmewhat like
the Nouns tliefe Articles following.
Sin.Nu, Na, lnruj?\\iti\ Inca, Nata, lnquitacque. As
for example, Locob to love*
Sing. Nulocob , I love, Nalocob thou loveft, Inmlocoh he
lowethj Plural. Incalocob we love, Nalocbota, ye love,
Inqmlocobtacque they love.
Ntmca or Nurapa, I whip or bear, Naroco or Norapa,
thou whipped: or beateft > Inrureca, or Inrurapa, he whip-
peth or beateth. Plural. Incsroca or Incarapa, we whip or
beat. Narocata, or Narapata, ye whip or beat > Ittquirocba-
tacbe or Inquiripatacqm, they whip or beat.
Nutfiba I write, Natfiba thou writeft, Inrutfiba he
write th. Plural. Incatfiba , we write, Natfibata ye write,
Inquitfibatacque , they write.
,
There no pretcrimperfea tenfe, n or preterpluperfeä
is

fenfci but thepreterperkd tenfe ftandeth for thtro, neither

is there any future, but the prefent tenfe exprelTeth it, and

isunder'lood for it, according to the fenfe of the difcourfe,

as Nnlobo Pedro, I love or will love Peter, Ttnulocob, I

love thee, or i will love thee. Yet lometimes for fuller ex-
preilion of the future tenfe, is added this Verb, InvaX will,
Nava thou wilt, Inra he will , as Inva nulocob Pedrol will
love Peter.

The -particles for the Preterperfeft tenfe are as

follow :

Sing.
^hap. XXL of the Weft-Indies. 46$
Plural. Ixca, xata, ixqiti taeque-
¡ing. Ixntt, xa, ixru ;

Where note, that in all thefe particles, and in all this lan-

mispronounced likejfc, as ixnu like ijbnn,

guage, the letter
like jha,ixru\ikeifhru, ixca like ijhca,
and fo forth.
ca,
have loved, xalocoh fhou haft
Preterperf. Sing. Ixnulocob I

oved, ixrulocob he hath loved, f\m¿Jxcalocob,

we have
ye have loved, ixqitilocobtaeque they have
oved, **/<*<?&
oved. And fo of the Verbs above.
The particles for the Imperative mood are thefe follow-

ing.
For the Singular number, and fecond perfon Cha Jor the
:hird perfon Angular Cbiru, for the hrft perfon plural Chica,
for the fecond Chata, for the third Cbiquitacqwh as foe
example : Chalocob love thou, Cbirulocé let him love i
Plural. Cbkalocob let us love, Cbalocobta love
ye, Cbiquilo-

»btacque> let them love. And fo oí the left of the Verbs

above.
The Optative Mood is the fame with the Indicative, ad-

ding 7>, which fignineth as much as

to it this particle
Vtinam, or Would to God, zsNaloeobtaVioi, would God
thou love God Ixnulocob ta Vioj, would God I had loved
:

God.
The Conjunctive Mood alfoisthe fame with the indi-
cative, adding to it this particle and prepofition vei and
ta, If. Äs for example, vet nahcob ta Vios, if thou love
God, vei ixnulocob ta Dkf, if I had loved God.

There is no Infinitive Mot.d, but the Indicative fcrvcth

for it. As guincbol nutfiba I can write. Quinqnimi figni-
fieth to die. Nuracb I delire, Nnrcacb qmnquimi í defire to

die.
Note further, that in all Verbs Adtivet, when Me and
Thee are expreffed as the Accufative cafe following the
or goech be-
Verb, they are coupled to the perfon that doth
for the prefent tenfe,
fore the verb, by thefe two particles
for the preterpeifeót tenfe, xin me,
§nin me, Ti thee, and
ixti thee-, as for example. , ,

haft loved me,

guirialocob thou loveft me, xinalocob thou
Mnrdlocé thou wilt love me, qumalócbotd love me s
or,
51 '
H'hsi *
470 J New Survey XXI. Chap.
I pray God
thou love me, vei quinalocob^ if thou love mej
vei ex'mahcob if thou haft or hadft loved me, quinar acb
nalo-
coh thou deiireft to love me. So for the Second perlón being
t

the Accufative, Tinuhcob I Jove thee , ixtinuhcob I have

loved thee, tiranulocob I will love thee, tinuhcobta pray
God Hove thee, vei tinulocohii I love thee, vei ixtinulocoh,
if I have or had loved thee, tinuracb nuhcob I delire to
love thee. -

Note further, that thefe

guincbol, which two Verbs,
fignifieth, I am
and Inva which íigniñeth, I
can, or able,
will, when they are put with other Verbs of whatfoevet
perfon, they arc elegantly but imperfonally in the third
perfon Singular. As for example:
Inchlmtlocob I can love,, ima nuhcob I will love, ixra

ixnttlocob I have been willing to love, ixebol ixnuhcob I have

been able to love, ticbol twlocob Í can love thee, tira nuhcob
1 will love thee.
The Letters or particles for Verbs beginning with a
Vowel* are thefe that follow.
Sing Inv. Nav. Inr. Plural, Inqu. or Inc. Nan ta, Inqu
tacque, or Inc tacque. As for example, Ejr¿íignirieth to de-
liver, which is thus formed :

Sing. Inveha I deliver, Navega thou delivered, Inrefa

he delivered!. Plural. Inquega, we deliver, Navecata ye deli-
ver, Ir,(jue$a tacque they deliver.
A is a fimple, fignifying to wifh or defire, or will a
thing, which isnever found without thefe particles.
Sing. Inva I will, Nava thou wilt, Inra, he will. Plural.
Inca we will, Navata ye will, Inca tacque they will. Ivereb
to hear. Invivireb \ hear, navivirecb thou heareft, intivi-
reb he heareth. Plural. Inquivireb we hear, navivirebta
ye hear, Inquivireb tacque they hear.
Thus have I briefly kt down the way of declining all forts
of Nouns, and conjugating all forts of a&ive Verbs of this
tongue, it remaineth now that I fpeak of Verbs Paffives,
their forming, and their conjugating frith like particles. The
Verbs Paffives being of divers terminations, are diverfly
formed. Commonly thofe that end with an A> cut off
the
Chap. XXL of the Weft-Indies. 471
the Am the Paflive, and to thelaft confonantadd hi. As
ghdnro-
for example : Nuroca I whip or beat, the paffive is
paffive is guinrapbt.
éi. So Nurapa I whip or beat, in the
into m.
Except Nutftba, I write, which changeth h?
am written. Thofe that end in oh change oh
§utntfimbi I

into onbi\ as Nulocob I love, Quinlocenhi I am loved. So

thofe that end in cb, do change ch into ¿¿, as J«wwr^ £

hear, guinivirbi I am Nucata I teach, Qnincutbi I

heard \

am taught, by the firft rule. But thofe^ that end in ga

( where note this letter g or c,
with a tittle under ir, is
pronounced like/;) change the a into ¿6¿. As for example,
Jnvega I deliver, Qttnogibi I am delivered.
Niicamg*
I kill, Quicamcihi I am killed Thofe that end in acb, :

add ¿iin the paffive, as Nugacb I forgive, in the Paffive

maketh gttingaccbi I am forgiven. The particles that

vary or conjugate the Verbs Paffives, are thefe follow-

ing *•

Sing. g»i/z, ti, in. Plural Cob, or Co, Uta quitacque»

As for example ;

guiloconhi, I am loved , tiloconbi thou art loved,

inroconhiy he is loved. Plural. Celeconhi, we are loved,

tiloeonbita ye are loved quiloconbi tacque they are

,

loved.
beaten or whipped, tirocbi thou art beaten
guinmbi I am
or whipped, he is beaten or whipped.
inrocbi Plural
Cerocbi we are beaten or whipped, tirocbita ye are beaten
or whipped, quhocbi tdeque they are beaten or whip-
ped.
The particles for the Preterperfed tenfe are thefe follow-
ing:
Sing Jin^ ixti , tx. Plural Xob or xo, ixti ta, xi
usque. As for example :

Sing. been loved , ixtihconbi thou

Xinloconhi I have
haft been loved, he hath been loved. Plural
ixloconbi

Xoloconbi we have been loved , ixtiloconbha ye have

been loved, xtloconbi tacque they have been loved.
Xinrocbi I have been whipped or beaten, ixtivocbi

thou haft been whipped or beaten , ixrocbi he hath

Hh 3 been
 * :

47 A New Sumy Chap. XXI.

been whipped cr beaten. Plural. Xorochi or Xohrocbi we have
been whipped or beaten, Ixtirocbita ye have been whipped
or beaten, xirocbitacque they have been whipped or
beaten.
The Imperative Mood is thus
liloconhi, be thou loved, Cbilocenbo, let him be loved.
i

Plural. Cbicaloconhoy let us be loved, liloconbota, be ye

loved, Chiquilnconbo lacqm^ let them be loved. Where
you
iee the particle bi is changed into bo.
The Optative Mood, and the Conjunctive are after the
manner of the Verbs Adrives, by putting to/j in the Opta-
tive, and vet in the Conjunctive. As for example.

J$ui«loconhi ta, I pray God I be loved. Tiloconhi ta, I pray

God thou be loved, Inloconbita, I pray God he be lovedi
Cobloconbitäy I pray Cod wc be loved '-jTilocgnbitata, I pray
God ye be loved, ^¡úloconbixaiacqm, 1 pray God they be
loved.
So in the preterperfeór. tenfe taonly is added: as for
example.
Xinloconbi ta, would to God
I have or had been loved,

Ixtiloconhita, thou haft or badit been loved, Ixlo-

pray God
conbita, pray God he have or had been loved. Plur. Xc-
loconhita, pray God we have or had been loved, Ixtiloconbi-
ta ta, i pray God ye have or had been loved, Xiloconbi ta
tacque, Í pray God they have or had been loved. Where
note that the particle /¿, if any other word or Sentence be
put wirh the Verb, may be put before the Verb, as ¿V/m ta
Quinlocnnbi, I piay God I be greatly loved. Otherwise if

the Verb be alone, ta is placed after it.

The Conjunctive Mood is thus, Vei Quinlocotibi,\(l be

loved, Veitiloconhi, if thou beloved, and fo forth.
This is ail, which commonly is taught concerning this
tongue. In which grounds he that is ptife&in, and hath a
D órionary of the ieveral words of it, may foon learn to
fpeakit. As 1 ihill undcrftand by my ben friends, that there
is adefire of further printing a Dictionary, I ihall fatisrie

íh ir delires, and apply my felf unto it. Thefe few rui$s

(ot the pri fent I have thought fit to print, for curiofity fal>e,

and that it may appear, bow eafie the Indian tongues aie to
be
Chap. XXL of the Weft-Indies. 47?
be learned t
Lold/pM-yetinthat
Ml
conclude this unparrellel'd
tongue, and
work, with the
with a brief M»
^Catat taxab vilcat ; Nimta
incaharphi ¿\&%Í¿¡F
invM
yahvtr vacacal, be
hmriPM Cana. Invanhita nava Nafochtama^ he
viic;
tZb Chaye runa calmlmma <¡»ih

tfi^mamqmro, ht tnpt
TatLhyhisCoav^ta china unche

Ar
the rule of declining Nouns
is
HoH.CauU according to
which is known by the particle Ca,
the firft perlón plural,
father ; and Cam is ou father.
added tóL, «hich fignifieth
Heaven j it Uputbefore the
wordor y«b
Taxab fignifieth
take and fo, better plae og of «
vilcalM more elegancy

S*
contraryto the Latin and En S
luh, where «, or art is ¡hh

or in Heaven. Likewifei.
pof.tion, contrary to the
the
Greek, Latin and E,ghih. form
prepof.t.ons
be-
isput
his

are omitted and un-

-thoutapre-

tongue many times

d£
a, or art it is the fecond perfon of .he
rito fignifieth :

Verb, S«m,«,/*i, which Verb Anomal and conjugated

is a

after the rule of Verbs above. As for example, Vdqmn, 1 am,

is.Ph^W, vveareFtóK^yeare
Fifc^tHou m,VHii, he

nk^täc^, The preterpertó tenfe, Xmv,, I have

they are.
Plural.
been, IxU thou haft been, Ixvi, he hath been
Pobvl we have been Ixtivita, ye have been, mqm,_ Xm
have been. Imperative, Tw¡,ot?ov*, be tbouiPw
they
Cohvi ta or Cohvo, ta, let us ne ;
or Chivo, let him be. Plural.
ot §uhc ta mqm, kc
Twit» or Äot<.,beye-, g«ñ« ta
Conjunaive are according to
them be. The Optative and and
mi, to the prcfent tenle,
the Rule above, by adding ta or
preterperfeir, tenfe of the Indicative
Mood.
may
MÍ M «¿Ab-^í «h»' h fignifi" 1 ', ¡ pray God
fignifieth great or greafty. laas
be ereatly magnified. Vim
third perfon of the
optima Or of wiftúng, íncaharéihi, is the
magnified ores-
Xabgniacahambi, which fignifieth tobe
from
tolled-, formed according to the rule above,
and is
to magnitie or extol, by
the aäive Verb, mcahar¡a,
 474 A New Survey Chap. XXL
changing the
of the Paflive.
laft a into ihi, and adding mm the pariicl
r
e

Avi ín^name. ^Jignifyeth name, and

according to
the rule above tor Nouns beginning
with a Confonat a is
the particle of the fecond perfon.
Incbalita avihauti, let come thy Kingdom, is the proper
expreilion of this in Englijb. lncbali, is the third perfon
or the Verb gttincbali, which
ilgnifieth to come» 7a
is as before optantis, or of wiihing. Ibauri or Ibanric,
iigniheth Kingdom. Av, added, iheweth the fecond
peilon.
Pan cana, upon our heads. This is a peculiar
\ cxpreflion
in that tongue
i which { as all other tongues ) hath many
phrafes, Grange expreffions, proper elegancies
and circum-
locutions. Whereof this ¡sr one, to fay, Let thy Kingdom
come upon our heads. Pam or Pan, is a
prepoiition
iigmfying in, or within, or upon. ¡Sfa ilgnifieth head!
Nntia, my head, Cana, our head, according to the rule
above -.from whence they call a hat, PanNuna,
as being
upon the head. °
invanhi ta Nava, let be done what thou wilt.
They
have no proper noun to exprefs a mans will,
but exprefs
it by a Verb Invanhi, is the third pes fon of the Verb,
:

guinvanivi, which iigniheth to.be made or done.

The'
A&ive is Nuvant I do or make from whence are formed
:

many paflive?, *s guinvan, or Qulnvanbi, or

Qmnvani, or
gtHtnvanivi, or Quinanvan, or ghtinvatit&i,
whereof this
lalt ilgnifieth to be done fpeedily.
and fo to all Verbs
A&ivesand Paflives, this particle tihi, is added at the end,
to fignifie haft or fpeed in doing any thing.
Nava, is'
the fecond perfon of the Verb, Inva, I will,
according
fo the rule for Verbs beginning with a Vowel, Nava, thou
wilt, lnra, he will.
Tabvh vacbacal, here upon the face of the
earths
Tabvir, an Adverb fignifying here, Vacb, iigniheth
is
face, Nuvacb, my face, Avacb, thy face, Ruvacb, his face.
Acal, ilgnifieth the earth or ground.
jiff man taxan i as it is done in, heaven. He is an Adverb,

fignifying
 5

Chap: XXL of the Weft-Indies. 47

íígnifying even as, Invan, is the third perfon of the paffive
Verb, §htinvan y to be done. Taxah, as before, fignifieth
in Heaven without any prcpofition to it.
Chaye runa, give to day. Nuye is the firft perfon of the
prefenc tenfe, íígnifying, I give, Cha is the particle (accor-

ding to the rule above ) of the fecond perfon of the

Imperative Mood. Chaye give thou i Chyme, let hirn give.
Runa, to day.
Cahuhun ta quih viic, our every day bread ; where note

that ca, put before huhun is very elegantly placed, though

it do belong to the word viic, which fignifieth bread.
Nuviic, my bread, Caviic, our bread. Huhun is an unde-
clared word, íígnifying every one, or every thing. Quih
fignifieth the Sun oí the day.
Nagach ta eamac, I pray God thou forgive our fins. They
ufe not here the Imperative Mood, as in Latin dimhte, and
in Englifh forgive, but -with the particle ta, or widiing,
they ufe the Optative Mood. Nagach is the fecond per-
fon of the Verb, Nucach, I forgive. Mac, fignifieth fin.
Nutnac, my fin or fins, camac, our (ms.Laval is another
word in that tongue alio to figuihe fin.

He incagachve quimac, even as we forgive their fins. 7«-

cagach isperfon plural, according to the rule above-,
ihe firtt

for verbs, beginning with a cohfonant, z/eis put at the end

for elegancy fake. Quimac is the third perfon plural Where
note that in a whole fpeech or fen tt nee, fometimes the par-
ticle tacque, obferved above in the rule for declining is left

out i and fometimes it is added. As here, quimac their (ins>

or elfe it might have been quimac t acepte,

Xim acquivi chi quih, that have finned againil our backs j
of Mac íígnifying fin, is this Verb formed, quinmacqmvit
to fin. So is formed another Verb,
likewife of laval, fin,
quinlavini, to fin. This Verb qmhmacqmvi is a Deponents*
of which fort there are many in that tongue, zsquincma-
ni, to preach, which have the fame particles as the Verbs

Paflives, Chiqué is a word compounded of the Prepofition

chi and ih, which fignifieth back, and is varied like the
Nouns beginning with a Vowel *, and joyned with ck
fignifieth
 T
476 A New Survey Chap. XXI.
fignifieth againft, zsCbivib, againft me, Cbavib, againft
thee, Cbirih, againft him. Plural. Cbiquib, againft
us, cha-
veta, againft ye, cbiquib acqu, againft them; And if another
third perfon be named, cbirib, ftandeth for againft,
as cblrib
Pedro, againft Peter, that is againft the back. If any
be na-
med in the third perfon Plural, then cbiqui is ufed, as cbiquib
unebe, or cbiquib emeb elal,againfl all.
Macoacana^kive us not. This Verb is here compounded
of three : firft, Ma is abbreviated
from the word mani, which
fignifieth no or not, as likewife mancbucu. Co or cob
figni- t

fieth we or us, and as in the rules before I have obferved,

is
put here before the Verb i wich caufeth the «to be cut off
from the Verb, which other wife ihould have been nacana,
of»«c*«d,Ileave,«aca/w,thouleaveft, inruccana, he leavetb,
and fo forth.
Cbipam cataccbihi, in our being tempted. This is another
great elegancy in that tongue, to ufe a Verb PaiTive for a
Noun, and to add to it a Prepofition i as here, cbipam,
which fignifieth in i and putting to the Verb the Particles
wherewith the Nouns are varied and declined. Nutaccbib,
fignifieth I tempt. The paffive is quintaccbibi, I am tempted,
from whence nutaccbibi, fignifieth my being tempted, or
my temptation ; attaccbibi, thy temptation, rutaccbibi
his temptation.
Coavegaca china uncbe tsiri, Deliver us from all evil things.
Inveha, as I have noted before, fignifieth to deliver. Co is
thetirft perfon Plural put before the Verb, as 1 obferved in
the rule above, and in that Conjunction or compound ma~
coacana. Cbina is a Propofition, fignifying above or from.
Vncbe, fignifieth all, which is undeclinable . tsiri, is an
Adjective properly undeclinable alfo or unvariable, in
Gender, Cafe, and Number as are all Adje&ives in that
-,

tongue. It fignifieth evil or bad ; as tsiri vinac, an evil man,

tsiri ixoc, a bad Woman, tsiri cbicop, a bad or evil bead \
fo likewife in the Plural number it is the fame. Without a
Subftantive it is as the Neuter Gender, as malum for mala
res, fignifying an evil thing, or evil things. The Sub-
ftantive that is formed from it, is tsiriquil, which figni-
fieth
Chap.' XXI. of the Weft-IndiesJ 477
wickednefs. Voronquil, fignifieth the fame.'
fieth evil or
further exprcfiion
Maniqmro, not good : this is put for a
from whatfoever is not good. Mam,
of evils to be delivered
guiro, is as tftri, an Ad*
as I ncted before, figniHeth not,
ieflive, figniiyinggoodoragoodthwg, and is undeclina-

ble, unvariable in both numbers, guiro vtnac, a good man,

quiro ixoc, a good woman, quiro cbicop, a good beafti fo
vinac good men. The
likewife in the plural number, quiro
Adjeóhve, is, qmrohaU
Subftantive that is derived from this
poodnefs. Cbiobal, fignineththe iame.
guwhla is very
added at the end of
good, tftnlab very bad i where lab is
puts the iame aggravation as valde in
an Adjetive, it

Latin. , , ,

Httnquh even as he faith, The

meaning is, eveo as he
guinqm, figmhcth I lay, tiqm,
faith that taught this prayer,
we fay, uquita^t lay,
thou fayeft, inqm, he faith, Cobani,
quinquitacque, they fay. .
in the
J»«*. All words which have no true expreffion
Mans tongues, are continued in the Spamfb, or
m the pro-
formerly they had
per tongue, as here Amen. So wine which
vinos (hough by an improper word fome
not, they call

c*\\ it Ca0*na ha, that is, the water of Cafttle. Jo God,

commonly though fome call him Nim
they call Dios i

Abval, that is the great Lord

the in treaty of fome
And thus for curiofities fake, and by
furniihed the Prefs with a language
fpecial friends, 1 have
which never yet was printed, or known in England, A
chance by fortune
Merchant,Mariner,orCaptain at Sea may
to be driven upon fome Coaft, where he
may meet with
it may be of great
ufe to him, to
Tome Tocoman Indian i and

of Foconchi
this tongue. Whereunto I Ml
have fome light

* FINIS.

=
 I

A Table of the Chapters of this

Book, with the Contents of the moft
Rematkable Paffages in them.

CHA L

H Ow Rome
Kingdoms,
doth yearly vifit the American and Afiara
Pag, i

CONTENTS;
The Topes policy in maintaining constantly fome poor ¥enfi«>
onary Bijhops in Rome, Pag. %
Without great fums of Mony, and new Purple clothing gi-
!

ven Cardinals s Saints are not Canonized at Rome,

to the
$
Monies fent out of England to Rome, for Indulgencies to
he granted to private Altars in Papifts private chambers* 4
More power granted to the Kings of Spain over the Clergy
in the Weft-India's than to other trinas in Europe, upon
condition that they maintain there the Popes authority, and
Priefls to preachy 5
ihe Jefuits challenge from Francis Xaverius the preach"
ing of the Gofpel as dm only to them y ibid.
Mijjtons ofPriejlj, Fryers, or Jefuits, are yearly fent at

the King of Spain his éarge to the India's. *

é

CHAR II.

Shewing tfaith Indians w§M 7

wider a pretence of their
Coi-
 The Contetits.

Gonverpon, hath corrupted the harts of poor ing Friers

witbjlrife hatred, and ambition. 7

CONTENTS.
Hatred grounded upon difference in Religion^ is moji bit-

fer, 7
Jefuits and Friers, but especially Dominicans, deadly e-
nemiesy 8
A Jesuitical trick well atied at Venice, ib.

Dofior Smith B/Jhop of Chalcedon fent by the Pope into

England, at private Head over all the Romifh Clergy, chiefly
by the cunning fuhtilty of Jefuits was banijhed % 9
A CoVedge privately intended to be built in England by
Jefuits* at Winifreds Well i as alfo the Scpe-boufes at

Lambeth, with the Sope Patentee belonging to them. 1 o

More Jefuitical pranks difcovered, ib.

Why jefuits and Dominicans are deadly enemies, 1 1, \l

Valentia the Jvfäh his death moft (hameful, for caufmg a
ib.
falfe print upon Auguftin'j worlds,
excellent Muficians, Fencers, Dancers, Vaulters,
Jefuits,
Painters bribers and Merchants, 13*14

CHAP, Hi.

Shewing the manner of the Mfflons of Friers and Jefuits

1
to theIndiaV, 5

CONTENTS.
Diftinttion of jeveral Provinces amongjl
the Friers and Je>

fitttsl under a head at Rome, named General, ib.

Weft-India Firers rich prizes to the Hollanders, \6

Friers as go to the
Topes Indulgence granted to fuch
Excommunication to fueh as oppofe ihem^
India'/ and his

the India's, ib.

Liberty draws tnojl of the Friers to
7he death of an mcba\k Wife mmh\ted hyhet own
Plus
 1

The Contents.
band, caufed by the m much Liberty of a wanton Frier in

Guatemala, Anno 163 5* IP

CHAR IV.

Shewing to what Provinces of the Eaft and Weft-IndiaV

belonging to the Crown of Caftiüa, are fent Mijjions [of Fri-
ers and Jtfuits. And efpecially of the MiQions fent in the
year 1625, 20

C ON TENTS.
Two forts of Spaniards in the India'/ deadly enemies to
one another, viz. the Natives born there, and fuch as go from
Spain thither, &•
What Religious Orders are the chief Preachers in the Pro-
vince of Guatemala,
The Spaniards chief trading from Spain to Philippinas, it

by their fhips toSt. John de Ulhua, upon the North Sea >
firjl,

and fecondly, from Acapulco, upon the South Sea to Manila,

23, 24
A vain and Wordly difcoztrfe of a Frier of the India'/, 25
The chief caufe of the Authors refolution to go to the Eaft
and Weft- India's, 27
Four poor Mendicant Friers^ as Apoftles entertained by
Don Frederique de Toledo, and the Gallies in Pueito de
Santa Maria, 29

CHAP. V 9

Of the Indian Fleet that departed from Cales, Anno Dom,

1^25. And of fome remarkable paffages in that Voyage^ 3

CONTENTS
IB.
The love of Nuns too powerful over Friers $

The Author hid in an empty Barrel m Jhip board> in the

Bay of Cales,? 3*
. Iht
 The Contents.
The pleafure of the Indian Navigation, 1626. until th*
firft land was dij"covered, 34

CHAP, VI.

Of cur difcovery of fome Jflands, and what trouble befel us

in one of them, $6

CONTENTS.
Ihelflands called DeíTeadaj Marigalante, Dominica, Gua-
dalupe, are the firft difcovered in America^ in the Spaniih
Navigation, ,
ib
A Chrijiian Mulatto having lived twelve years amon^ Hea-
thens, with an Infidel Wife and Children, found in Guada-
lupe, 38, 59
Afitddain uproar and mutiny of the Indians if Guadalupe,
whjtew and wounded many of the Spaniih Fleet, 1625, 40,45

CHAP. VII.

Of our further failing to St. John deUlhua, alias V en

Crux, of our landing there, 42

CONTENTS.
r

A Fryer wounded at Guadalupe, died, and was folemnly

caji 'into the Sea, 43
ASp^nhráfwimmingin the found of Mexico, cruelly (lain ,

and partly devoured by a Sea Mon(hr, 45

Ore Virgin Mary, called upon more than Cod, in a fuddain
apprehenfion of a form, 4?

CHAP. VÍII.

Of our landing at Vera Crux, otherwifi St. John de L71-

hua 2 and our entertainment there, 4$

'
" - " " CON-
 1

The Contents.

CONTEN T S.

The vanity and worldlinefs of a Religious Dominican 8u-

riour in St. John de Ulhua, 50
Tbeboufes and Churches of St. John de Ulhua, built with
\ards and timber, and therefore cafily and often fired, 51, 52
A
further relation of the Tewn of St. John de Ulhua, with
ie rich trading of itfrom moft parts of the Weft- India'/, 52

G £3 & P. IX.

Of our Journey from St. John de Ulhua to Mexico, and of

>e moft remarkable Towns and Villages in the way, 54

CONTENTS;
Our friers firfi
entertainment by the Indians of the old Ve-
1 Cruz, ib.

A Francifcan Friers vow and procejjton, contrary to the vd-

ity, carding, dicing, and [wearing, praBifed by them of Xa-

ippa in the India'/, 57
Abundante, of Gnats in the Rinconada, takgtb away the
mfort of the great abundance of Frovifwn that is there, 59
From whence the Town called Segura de la Frontera had its
'.ginning, 6o

C H A P. X.

Wherein is fit down the [eftate and condition of the great:

'own of Tlaxcallan, when the firfi Spaniards entered into

be Empire of Mexico. Cortes his firfi encounter with the
9
flaxcalteca /, their him j with a defcription
league with
f the Town, and of the ftate and condition of it now, 6

CONTENTS.
'Á mil mthut Lime or Morter, of §fadorn and a
tíffloñg
Í I half
 '

The Contents.
half high, and twenty foot broad, built by the Indians, for a
defence in time of Wars before the coming of the Spaniards, 6^
Four[core thoufund Indians, foon r aifed and armed by thofi
of Tlaxcallan, and foon overcome by a thoufand only Indians
and Spaniards with Cortez, 6j
Tet further a hundred and fifty thoufänd tvercome by four
hundred Spaniards, and fix hundred Indians, 68
three prefents fent to Cortez, viz. five Slaves, Frank¿ncenfc
and Feathers, Fowls f Bread and Cherries> to k¿iow whether he
were a God or a Man, 71
Montezuma the Emperour bis great prefent fent to Cortez,
74
the TIaxcalteca's pay no tribute to the King of Spain, as
ethers do, J ave only one Corn
óf Maiz, 7Ó>77
A defcription of the four chief fireets of Tlaxcallan, with
the ft andai d of the town, ib.
Twenty thoufand perfons wont to meet in one Marty place
of Tlaxcallan, to buy and fell, ib.
Severe Juftice executed upon a thief by the Inhabitants of
Tlaxcallan, 78, 7^

CHAP. XI.

Concluding the reft of our Journey from Tlaxcallan to Mex-

ico, through the City of Angels, and Guacocingo, 80

CONTENTS
the City of Angels firft builded by the Command of Anto-
<

nio de Mendoza, in the year ib.

1530,
was firfi called by the Indians Cu&laxcoapan, that is to
It

fay, a fnakg in water, gr.

Many more particulars of the City of Angels briefly rela-
ted ib.
The Town of Guacocingo, why priviledged by ffoUpani-
ards, *
fa
Tezcuco, the firft Town in the Wcft.Jndies, that received a
Chriftian King, %¿
 ,

The Contents.

How the Vergantines, (wherewith Cortez befieged Mex-

ico by water ) were brought by Land from Tlax-
in pieces

:allan to Tezcuco, andfour hundred thoufand men, 50 days im-

cloyed in making a flucéUr trench for the finishing of them^
%nd lanching them forth to the Lakg, S7, 8g
Corteza/ Army divided into three parts in the plain of.

Tezcuco, for the better befieging of Mexico, 89

Cotter made ufe of feven thoufand be ami of Cedar trees for

the building of his houfe in- Mexico, 90

CHAP. XII

Shewing fome particulars ef the great and famous City

of Mexico in former times v with a true defer iption of it
now. And of the State and Condition of in it the year
1625, $>*

CONTENTS,
Little fubjiance or nourifkmtnt found in the fruits, and 0.

ther food of Mexico, 93

Several opinions concerning ths difference of frejb and fait
water in the Lakg of Mexico 95
Montezuma Mexico, calfd Tepac >
hisftately Palace in
with two more, the one with many ponds offait and frefh wa-
ter for feveral forts of fowls h the other for hawking fowls ,
and fowls of rapine, 97, 98
three thoufand were the Attendants at Mountezuma his
Court, fed with what came from his Table, I o1
Mexico called formerly Tenuchtitlan, and why, 102
What Mexico properly fignifieth, and from whence fo
called, ib,
7he names of the ten Emperours that were of Mexico '>

and Montezuma his death, 1 013

Quahutimoe Emperour of Mexico taken Frifoner, and-

that great City conquered by Cortez the Auguüy
1$, of
I52i> 10/.
 , 1 I

The Contents.
. Two hundred thoufand little boats called Canoas, belonged
to Mexico, to bring Provifwn into the City, ico
A Vefcription of the chief Market of Mexico, wherein a hun-
dred thoufand perfons did nfually meet, to buy and fell,
II
A Vefcription of the great Church of Mexico, before the en-
tring of the Spaniards 112
The Papijis have continued the fajhion of their Churches,
Altars, Cloifiers, and many other their abufes from
the Hea-
thens, 114,115,116
The Cods of Mexico, two thmfand in number, 1 6
117
Mexico after the Conqueft, was built again with a hundred
thoufand houfes, 1 ¡
9
Fifteen thoufand Coaches are judged to he in. the City of
Mexico, 123
A Topingay prefented to the King of Spain, worth half a
million of Ducats, ib.
A Lamp in Mexico worth four hundred thoufand Ducats,
ib.
The attire of the female fex of Blackmoors, Mulatta/, and
5
Men iza / in Mexico,
124
lhe Spaniards with their gifts to the Churches and Cloi-
fiers cover their lafcivious livzs, at is ¡hewed by an example
in Mexico, 127
About two thoufand Coaches dayly meet in the Alameda of
Mexico, 130,131
Of a fruit in the india'/, called Nuchtli, 132
Of fame other fruits, and effecially of a tree called Metl, 3 4 1

A memorable of a great mutiny in Mexico, caufed

history
by the too great power of an Arch-prelate, and the covetoufnefs
«ftheFkeroy, J30,&C

C H A P. XIII.

Shewing the fever al parts of this new world of America i

*ndtbg places of Note about the famous City
of Mexico, 150

CON-
 The Contents:

CONTENTS.
A Defcription of the fiery Mountain, calCd Popocatepec,
?**
The riches belonging to the Viceroy bis chappel at Chapul-
iepec, worth a million of Crowns, 1 54
A Defcription of a rich Vefart or wilder nefs, three leagues
from Mexico, ib.

The cruelty of Don Nunio de Guzman in Mechoacan,

157
the manner of burying the Kings of Mechoacan, before it

was conquered by the Spaniards, 158

The Spaniards thetpfelves wonder that our Englifh Nation
is not more añive in conquering more of the Continent of Ame-
rica beyond Virginia,
~.
i^£
Nova A\b\út\in America, named by Sir Francis Drake,
ley
How the Country of Jucatan was firji named, 1Ó3, 164
In the year 1632, the Indians of Jucatan mutinied againjl
the Spaniards, 164
The City of Valdivia fo named from a Spaniard of that
name too greedy and Covetous of Gold, 1 68

The famous attempt of John Oxenham¿« Englifh-man,

from the Coaji of Nombre de Dios, to the I/land of Pearls
in the South Sea, ¡70
TfoSpaniih Fleet 0/Nova Hifpania tatyn by the Holland-
ers, ¡n the River of Mat&nzos, j^g.

CHAP. :iv.

Shewing my Journey from Mexico to Ghiapa, ¡Southward^

and the mofi nmaúghh placet in the way¡ ¡8©

na COM
 9 5

The Contents.

CONTENTS
For what reafonsl (iayed in America, and would not go m
to the Philippina lflandj in the Eaft-India'x, 18$
A Proclamation fxom the Viceroy in the market Vlace ef
Mexico, againft fitch as fbould cenéeal, harbaur,and hide any
Frier bound for the Philippina 1(lands, 1 8
A double IFheat-barveji every year in'a Valley called St.
Pablo, 188
The Dominicans Chifltr in Guaxaca, very Rich, and
flrong, I? t

The great River Alvarado, though it run from John St.

de Ulhua far into the heart of the Country towards Guaxa-

ca > yet there is no Cafile, or Tower, or Ordnance upon it,

An old Frier, Mafter. of Divinity, fpightfully aud malici-

oujly buried in a Garden by the Friers of Guaxaca, ib.

Friers in the India'/ may travel, and call for Turkeys, Ca-
pons, or what they pleafe to eat, without any mony, upon the
Indians charges, J
P3
Tecoante peque a Sea Town, upon Mar del Zur, altogether
unfortified, 19%
7 be Author lodged in a Wildernefs, aud affrighted with a
Wtld beájfs, 5> J °7
fure apprebenfion of death by
1

The Author and his Companies dangerous pajfage ever the

green fmr
mountain of Maquilapa, fending three days upon
lemmons and water, 2or c- &
Two my{ieriousgames of lables plaid between the Superi-
or of the Dominican Friers of Chiapa , and the Author and
Company, 211
his .
f
•
J^*?'
Our jiately entertainment in a Town called St. Fniljp, neer
; 2
Chhpha, ,V 'V 3
three days
Our imprifonment in the Cloifterof Chiapa, and
penance with bread and water, 1> 1 5-> *1$
Friers penance in Chiapa for a Love Letter t9 a
A Nun, ib.
Jhe Author made School wafierh Chiapa,
218

CHAP.
 The Contents:

chap. xv.
Towns
Vefcribing the Country o/ Chiapa, with
the chieftf
z, y
%nd Commodities belonging to it,

CONTENTS
great Von
Some foolifh queftions moved to the Author by a
Chiapa, and his anfwer to tkm accordingly, 222, &c.
of
hundred Vucats got by a Bffhop of
One tboufand ana fix
month only for Confirmation of little children
Chiapa in one
zz
in Indian Towns, %
A ftfhop of Chiapa poyfined by women, with a cup of

Chocolatte, for forbidding Chocdatte to be

drun\in the Church,

The Author his anfwer to a Token fent to him by a Gentle-

woman of Chiapa, 231,23;
The great dexterity of the Ind ians of Chiapa in Shews and
public^ Feaffs, 2 33^34

The River of Tabafco very commodious for any Nation is

2,3 J
enter up towards Chiapa s

CHAR XVI.

Concerning two daily and common Drin\s , or Potions,

much ufedinthe Indians , called Cbocolatte, and Atolle, 238

CONTENTS.
The nature of the Cacao, and the tree it growth nfo%
xb. occ.
and the two forts of it,
Cinnamon of the beji ingredients in the Chocolate* and
-

why, *4?
Achhtte how it growth, and for what it ts good., lb, &c,

Several ways to drink the Cbocolatte, 24^

H 4 CH P,

1'
mil i 1
 The Contents.

chap. xvir.

Shearing my Journey from the City o/Chiapa unto Guate-

.mala, and the chiefplaces in the way,
2 ¿g

CONTENTS.
.'. Six thoujand Ducats fentby a Frier
to Spain, to buy a
Bijhoprick^
/
a A
Rich Treafure and pifare of Mary in a
poor and fmall
lownof the Indians, called Chiantla, among the mountains,
namid Chuchumatlancs,
2 <±
The Water of the River of a town, call'd Sacapula, caufetb
great fuellings in the throat,
a5*
the Author his dangerous fall from the
Mountain of ¿ti ja-
balí, and his great deliverance
attributed to a miracle by the
Indians i with the conceit the Indians had of his fanuiry and
holinefs,
J
the Indians guide the Friers in the Night, when they tra-
vel, with lights
of Pine wood, 2 ¿
the great Fair of Chimaltenango,
2£ %
lee author Abufed andfufpeüed tobe a
/pie, by an old Fri-
er, inChimaltenango,
¡k
Stone i of a fruit or plum calfd"Xocotte, fit for firing and
dfo good u fat hogs,
r 264

CHAP. XVIII.

Vefcribing the Vommons, Government, Riches, and

great-
fp of the City of Guatemala, and Country belonging to
it,

CON-
 1 1

The Contentad
?
CONTEHTS,
Guatemala an open City without any Walls, Forts or Bul-
parkj about it, %6$
The Author welcomed to Guatemala, and firfl graced with
a Publick aU of Divinity , and after made Majier of Arts m
the fame City, 2C6
ihe form of the Letters Vatents as are ufed there, and fiat
to the Author to read Arts in the Vniverfny of Guatemala,
267
'the manner of prefenting the Author to the Bijkop for ob-
taining his Licence to preach Publickly, 2,70, 27
The form of the Bifhops Licence to Preach and hear Confef-
fions within his BifIioprick> in Spaniih and Engüíh i with
[orne glomes upon it, 2 7 } dec.
Donna Maria de [wallowed up by a River which
Cafiilia
fuddenly gufhed out of a Mountain met to Guatemala for
"
blafpheming and defying God, 276
the horror of the Vulcan of fire neer Guatemala, 277
Thirteen pound and a half of Beef [old about Guatemala for
threepence, 278
One man only enjoying 40000 head of Cattel^ and one
only that bought 6000 neer Guatemala, 279
How Guatemala and the Towns about are fiored with Tro-
vifion of Beef and Mutton i and by whom, iB.

Four exceeding rich Merchants in Guatemala, befides many

other of great but infer iour wealth to them, 281
The Covetoufnefs of a Prefdent of Guatemala (kemd in
Carding and gaming, 2.82
Thirty thoufand Ducats yearly, the rent of one Cloifter in
Guatemala ; befides the treafure in it, worth a hundred thou-
fand Crowns, 285
A thoufand perfonJ commonly living within one Cloijier of
Nuns m Guatemala, 284
The Bijhop of Guatemala his Nun, very powerful and Kicht
285
The jlrength of the 'Blackpool? Slaves about the Country of
Guatemala, 288
All
 The Contents.
All the power of Guatemala is not able to reduce a few
Blackpoór Jlavrt, who ere fled to the Mountains about Golfo
Duke,
29l
Between the Town of Acabaftlan and Guatemala are
Mines of Copper andiron, and probably a treafure of Gold,

A rich Mifer, worth fix hundred thonfand Ducats

, living
Uk$ a Beaji in the Valley of Mixco,
294, t 9%
A kind
of Wheat in the Valley ef Mixco , called Tie-
mefmo, which aft e r three months fown is barvejied in,
-, ?or, 301
A Town called Saint
Lucas, where Wheat threfhed i t
laid up in Barns, and k$epeth two or three years with
much
increafe,
¡^
A Town of twelve thousand Indian inhabitants not yet
conquered, lying between Jucatan and Vera Paz. joe

CHAP» XIX.

Shewing the quality, fafhion and behaviour of

condition,
the Indians of the Country of Guatemala, fince the Con-
quest h and efpecfally of their Feajls and Solemnities, a
; 1

CONTENTS.
The Indians of the Country of Guatemala, /*% the Ifrsel-
itesby Pharaoh much oppreffed by the Spaniards, hecaufe they
multiply and increafe,
210,311
The Weft. India'/ eafter to be conquered now, than in the time
that Cortez conquered them,
3 f r
Some Indians choofe rather to die by pining away willing-
ly, than to be fitbjett to the Spaniards oppnfiion and cruelty,

g
How the Indians are forced, and diflributed out by a Spa-
niih officer toferve the Spaniards weekly, 313
The mamtr of the Indians beds > as alfo their manner of
clothing,
3 17,; «8
 »

The Contents.
every
intolribesmth a chuf bead over
<fhev are divided

** *?»» «WSiÄ? ^'"'S'

r
""
' ft» ri? "v "ib.

*» pwW WY *' lndians > "Ä mW ^^

the Indian Fe»,/.», * M of wild-Veer,
bm ár#¿ «rf

*!2 »4« fag

Ä»%'l^?ul^' 3«
Chicha, í*í
rtf¿« Indian drtíkcalled
RaniU *„«*.. «* tfce Ir' d,anS
tí "Í
'Kn*t£"\W in the Indian 7««, an *¿**
CUrcb agawfl thebeli 1«
id judgment in the
P«#, «1«.,8k.
lie Lice and attendant, allowed to the
yearly, »»»
Hoi what tribmethi Indians t ,y
and

^mifh^ligimdifferHot from
ftS** «¿iWf tf*

m, trademvé « »**
rifts¡into them at leap once a year, Onetimes ™"
g a " d J e " >'" Brt
Ike

6+*
i^f
d 'y f #»jt /«ere <W W* to the Priefts,

a, thirteen or fourteen^
n! fndtl Í\Ze force!
¿marry

of age, arid
why, 347>&c.
Indians, ** '

Several dances of the

CHAP. XX.

**
/ejr» ífee
fa-
.y i Í^lSwa¿
Poconcbi /a»gwg«> *"f'
1
."f
fl & «

¿^

«MM ^-
 The Contents^
r° mt partiCHlar
P atfa¿ es >
and Occidents nbiljt 1 lived
Tbíf
3SI
CONTENTS.
The Author going with fome few Spaniards,
and Chrifiian
Jndians into a Country of un\now*
Heathens, fell dangeroufly
ftj and was father in a skirmifh with the Barbarian!, and
by tbttmans alfoindanger
of his life,
Indians grown up in age, forcedly
353, c &
driven to Baptifm, with-
out any principles in
Cbrffianity, by the Prielis and triers
that firjt entred into America,
357
Comayagua, a woody, mountainous, and barren Country,

InibeIndia'/ are Grammars and

VilTionaries of the feveral
Indian tongues, -/
The Author became perfed in the Poconchi
language
& * in one
quarter of a year,
3 ¿,
the means, chiefly from the Church, which the Author
en)oy-
ed yearly in the Town of Mixco and Pinola,
3P4, 3^5
A
Plague of Locujis in the Indian brought no
fmall profit r
tothe Author,
^69
The Spaniards confidence
'

in fome bleffed breads again(i the

llague of Locujis,
jb #
An infectious difeafe amongji the Indians, brought to the
Author neer a hundred pounds in half a year,
3 70
The Author flruc\down as dead to the ground with afla(h
pf lightning; and again in danger of his Life by an earthquake,

OfafmallVermine, lefs than aflea c*//WMigua, common'

m

mthe India'/, wherewith the Author was in danger

of lofine

The Author //% to be kjWdby a Spaniard, for defending.

the poor Indians, . -,-7.
A notorious Witch in the Town of Pinola affrighted °the
Author,
J *
37 z i&e <
The Indian Wizards and Witches changed into papes of
bmjts by the Devil, as appeareth bytm examples, 382, &c.
Some
 .

The Contents.

Some Idolaters in the town o/Mixco ¿¡[covered, their preach-

and burnt publkkly in the
ing Idol found out by the Author,
Church ; and he in great danger to bekiWd by them, 387,^.
The Authors conflitt within himfelf about coming home to
England for conference fake ¿ and his refolution therein^

409, c^c-
Necr upon 9000 pieces of Eight got by the Author in 12
',

years that he lived in the india'/, 41 r

CHAP. xVi.

Shewing my journey from the Town of Petapa, into Eng-

land i and fome chief paffages in the way> 412

CONTENTS.
Relation of a place caltd Serró Redondo, five leagues
/wwpetapa, 414
A and fmoak^ conftantly, coming out of the earth
jfaange fire
tieer unto a Town called Aguachapa j which by the Spaniards
is fuppofed to mouth of hell,
be a 415
The of a great Kivtr, called Lecnpa, dividing
priviledge
the Country of §. Salvador^ ¿«¿Nicaragua, 417
A Frier thinking to takg up Cold from the bottom of the fi-
ery Vulcan of'Leon deceived, 4Ip
The City of Leon y and Country about, called By the Spani-
ards, Mahomet s paradife t ib.

About the beginning of Febmary, thCity of Granada in

Nicaragua is one oftherichefl places in the India'/ by reafon
ofmany Rich commodities, and fome of the King of Spain his
revenues carried thither, to be tranfportt'd by the Frigats to.

Carthagena or Havana, ,
4^*
The dangerous paffage from the Lake of Granada by the ri-
ver, commonly called £1 Defaguadero, 422
The Author and his Company /% to be furprifed by a mon-
flrous Cayman, or Crocodile, 424, 42 f
The Author robbed at fea by a Holland man of War, of
the value 0/7000 Crowns 3 41S

z-. Ml III
 The Contents.
A Frier for
defending the poor Indians of Nicoya
lofi two
fingers, which were cut
off by the Alcalde Maior, 435, 436
The Author forced to drin^his own Vrine, and lofi, and
_

1% to perijh in an unsown Ifland, and afterwards upon a

R° c k; 427 20ft
Some particulars of the City of Panama,
442 ,'443
The River o/Chiagre very fhallew in many places without
;
fome great rain caufe the water to fall into it from the mom-
tains-,
444
Some parti culars of Portobello, during the time that the
Spznifa Fleet Jlayeth there,
The Papifis Bread
w
4^
God,
Sacrament eaten or gnawn by
or
a Moufe in Portobello i with a Fajl in bread and water
for
that contempt dene unto their God,
447, 449
The Spaniards fear of the Engliih that then inhabited the
Ifland called Providence,
4^
Some Engliih Prifoners ¿fCarthagena, with one Captain
Roufe, who at Havana challenged fome Spaniards into the
field, who had abufed him, 4*2
From the whole Spaniih Fleft, one gallantly tal^n away,
worth four J core thoufand Ducats, by two Holland or Engliih
jhips not well hpown, upon the Coaft ef Havana, 4^6
The manner of the Dominicans habit, with the meaning of
*?> 460

An Introduction to the Indian Tongue, 4<5*

FINIS.