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Mark up- amount added to the cost 4 M’s of PRODUCTION

price to determine the selling price


1. MATERIALS
Revenue- total amount of income 2. MACHINES- these are the tools that are
generated by the sale of goods or services needed in production. Helps the individual to
related to the company’s primary operations keep the job easily
3. MANPOWER (human)-
Fixed expenses- does not change 4. METHOD (PROCEDURES, STEP-BY-STEP
- these are the expenses will be PROCESS)- it is a work or procedure and
the same no matter what your production is or operation method for manufacturing products.
how much you sell 1. Preparing of raw materials
2.
Variable expenses- these expenses are related
to how much you produce or sell PROTOTYPE- created the same or similar with
- varies proportionally if the full descriptions of the product or a three-
production level change dimensional version of your vision (purpose is
to have an actual output so it can still be
REVENUE FORECAST- is an educated prediction developed, improved if we have still changes
or estimation for the upcoming year about how about the product.)
much money your company is likely to bring.
We can not make estimates if we do not have ADVANTAGES:
experience. -It enables you to test and refine the
functionality of your design
FORECASTING REVENUES of the BUSINESS -It makes it possible to test the
1. The expenses of the business. performance of the various materials
A. ) fixed expenses -it will help you describe your product
B. ) variable expenses more effectively
2. The economic condition of the country -it will encourage others to take you
- we have to consider the environment more seriously
3. The competing businesses or competitors
- all products or business are competitors POTENTIAL SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
because their product can be their alternatives
Satisfaction, price, quality and needs are the SUPPLY CHAIN
four factors that makes the product to be Will help students to navigate
bought -
4. Changes happening in the community
5. The internal aspect of the business The following activities are included in the
-forecasting is affected supply chain:
INTEGRATION-
SHARING OF INFORMATION
FORMULAE DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCT
Mark-up price = cost x desired mark up PROCUREMENT-paano kayo bumibili and when
percentage do you usually purchase the raw materials?
PRODUCTION-
Selling price = cost + mark up DISTRIBUTION- dapat sinasabi natin ang process
ng pag distribute ng product. Just identify the
Revenue = quantity x selling price distribution process you have in your business
SERVICES TO CUSTOMER-
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS-

VALUE CHAIN
-we give importance to the feedbacks
-refers to ther range of activities thatb
adds values customers give feedback, we
innovate, we develop the product
According to Michael Porter

PORTER’S VALUE CHAIN

1.) FIRM INFRASTRUCTURE- appearance


2.) HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-these
are the people in the organization, are the
employees that has the complete knowledge of
the product.
3.) TECHNOLOGY- these are the machineries.
You create schedule
PROCUREMENT
SUPPORT SYSTEM OF THE ENTIRE ACTIVITIES
-inbound logistics
-

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