1

Shading Device Design Analysis of OTTV Value in the PT IKI Building

A. Firman Zahari 1 , Rosady Mulyadi 2 , Nurul Jamala 3

ABSTRAK

One of the passive design strategies that effectively reduce the heat load
on the building envelope, especially in areas with a large glass surface area, is the
Shading Device. The research aims to measure the effect of Shading device
design values on the OTTV of buildings. The research used quantitative methods.
The research was carried out by trying Shading devices with Vertical Models,
Horizontal multiple fins, and Eggcrate, which have the length and slope provided
by the Indonesian National Standard SNI. Testing of each Shading design is
measured based on the best reduction in OTTV values and is below 45 watts/m².
The study results show that the shading device reduces the OTTV value. The
longer the shading device and the higher the slope, the more effective it is in
blocking radiation from entering the glass surface. The decrease in the existing
OTTV of the building without using a shading device has an initial value of
69.572 W/m 2, experiencing a decrease of 55% to 31.57 W/m 2. Shading egg-crate
with a length of 120cm with a slope of 40 ° is the best Shading based on the
results of a comparative analysis between vertical louver shading and horizontal
multiple fin shading; this is because egg-crate Shading can respond to low and
high altitude angles of the incoming sun to minimize or block incoming radiation
through the glass surface.
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1. Introduction

The building facade is the outer shell of a building that functions as a

protector of the inner space from the outdoor environment (Aksamija, 2013). The
building envelope is the building element that encloses the building, namely
transparent or non-transparent walls and roof, where some of the thermal energy
transfers through these elements ( SNI 6389, 2011). Research conducted by
Mwasha, et al (2011) shows that building facades contribute 50% -60% of the
building's total heat gain.

The building envelope and roof plane are essential building elements that must
be considered in energy use to limit external loads. Because of its function as an
external envelope, energy conservation criteria need to be considered in the design
process of a building, especially those involving the design of exterior areas
concerning the appearance of the building. To reduce the external load, the
Indonesian National Standardization Agency determines the building envelope
design criteria stated in the Overall Thermal Transfer Value ( OTTV ), namely
OTTV ≤ 45 Watt/m² (Pemprov DKI Jakarta, 2012 ). The case study used is a mid-
rise building, namely the PT.IKI (Indonesian Ship Industry) Building. The
building has three floors, and the shape of the building mass is a rectangle with a
ratio of building length to building width of 1:2. The building envelope consists of
a gray paint composition, 40x40cm gray ceramic walls, windows with two types
and curtainwall which has a 100x75 cm module. The building is oriented west
and east, and solar radiation received to the west leads directly to the curtain wall
without any sun shading installed on the building, the same as the west side of the
installation of sun shading. However, in the east area, a balcony that forms a
hallway indirectly can protect the surface of the glass from incoming radiation.
The balcony design that forms the small hallway may not be effective because it
does not have a function for the building. The shape of the balcony is not quite
right in preventing minimal radiation from entering the building because, in terms
of shape, it is a horizontal shading device which, according to the design of
effective shading devices for east and west orientation, is Vertical Shading and
Eggcrate Shading. In contrast, one of the design principles applied to reduce heat
 3

gain through the building envelope is to design the shape of the building
orientation to avoid and minimize exposure to the building envelope from a west
orientation and reduce heat transmission by providing appropriately designed
external Shading. This research is one form of effort to save energy in the
building by analyzing the use of efficient Shading in each orientation.
2. Literature review

2.1 Conservation of Envelope Energy

A building has a cooling load consisting of internal and external loads. Internal
loads are loads caused by the addition of indoor heat such as lighting, while loads
originating from solar radiation and solar conduction that enter through the
building envelope are external loads. (Wahyudi, Munir, & Afifuddin, 2018).
One of the criteria for saving energy is the OTTV value according to SNI 03 –
6389 – 2011, which is 35 Watts/ m². OTTV includes three essential elements: solar
radiation through glass, heat conduction through glass, and heat conduction
through opaque walls (Imran, 2019).
According to SNI 6389:2020, the energy conservation of the building envelope
can be seen from the Overall Thermal Transfer Value ( OTTV ) value, which is
the design criteria for the conditioned walls and glass exterior of the building.
OTTV is the heat transfer value of solar radiation received by the building
envelope per square meter of area (Wibawa & Hutama, 2019)

2.2 Shading device _

Regulating sunlight entering the building is the primary step in the passive
cooling process to obtain thermal comfort. Sunlight modulation in this setting
process can be achieved by paying attention to orientation, aperture geometry,
shading devices, Property of opaque and transparent surfaces. (Santamouris et al,
1996).
A shading device, a building envelope component, has an essential role in
positively influencing energy efficiency in buildings. In general, shading devices
are used to protect indoor spaces from direct sunlight through openings, windows,
and large glass surfaces. Different climate areas require different configurations of
 4

shading devices. Buildings in areas with hot-humid hot-humid climates need to

reduce solar radiation and the penetration of sunlight into the building (Nilsen,
2011 ).
Building Shading as a means of reducing energy consumption requires careful
consideration. Many studies explore the use of shading devices. For example,
between 10% and 11.3% energy savings can be expected from the benefits of
external shading devices in hot and humid climates (Wong, 2007) and (Yu J,
2008).
However, most shading devices are designed for aesthetic purposes rather than
their energy-saving potential. Designers need to pay more attention to findings
about the importance of shading devices when they leave the analysis late in the
design development phase. Shading devices require careful consideration at the
initial design stage, especially for facades with high window-to-wall ratios (Cellai,
2014 ).
There are three types of Shading devices (Lechner, 2001), namely vertical
devices, horizontal devices, and egg-crate devices which are a combination of
vertical and horizontal devices. Al-Tamimi (2011) and Lau et al. (2016) are
several researchers who tested the effectiveness of these Shading devices
compared to buildings that did not use Shading devices. Based on his research on
high-rise office buildings in Malaysia, it was found that buildings that have
Shading devices have better-cooling energy performance when compared to
buildings that do not use Shading devices. Egg-rate Shading has the best cooling
energy performance. Lau et al. (2016) stated that egg-crate Shading can save
cooling energy up to 3.4%, vertical shading 2.4%, and horizontal Shading 1.4%.
 5

NO SHADING TYPE VISUAL BEST

ORIENTATION

1 VERTICAL EAST WEST

SHADING

2 HORIZONTAL
SHADING EAST WEST
MULTIPLE FINS

3 SHADING EGG-
CRATE EAST WEST

Figure 1. Types of Shading Devices

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2.3 OTTV

the OTTV calculation can be used as input for the performance of the building
envelope. The lower the OTTV value obtained, the lower the heat entering the
building and the lower the building's energy consumption (Kurniawan, 2020).
In calculating OTTV, building conservation criteria include thermal
conditions outside the building, which can affect internal heat (Seyowati &
Trilistyo, 2013). Window Wall Ratio ( WWR ) modifications, types, thickness, and
color of the outer walls, shading devices, glass conduction, and roof and wall
insulation can be used to achieve energy-efficient building qualifications
(Loekita). The modification is expected to meet the standard criteria of SNI 03-
6389-2011. In addition, the rating tools issued by the Green Building Council
Indonesia ( GBCI ) are one of the efforts to support sustainable development to
evaluate the application of the green building concept (Gunawan & Suriansyah,
2018).
The following OTTV calculation is obtained from the SNI 03 – 6389 – 2011
formula.

Figure 2. The OTTV Formula Equation

Where:
OTTV = The overall thermal transfer value on the outer wall with a specific
direction or orientation (Watts/m²).
α = Absorbance of solar radiation.
Uw = Thermal transmittance of the opaque wall (Watt/m² .º K).
 7

WWR = comparison of the window area with the area of the entire outer wall at
the orientation determined in the study.
SC = Shading coefficient of the fenestration system.
SF = Solar radiation factor (Watt /m²).
If = Fenestrated thermal transmittance (Watt/m² .º K)
3. Research methods

Figure 3. Research Locations

The research location is PT. INDONESIAN SHIP INDUSTRY (Persero),
whose address is: Jl. Shipyard No.31, Kaluku Bodoa, Tallo, Makassar City, South
Sulawesi 90212. PT. IKI is a state-owned enterprise engaged in repairs or repairs,
new shipbuilding, steel construction & related industries, and Fiberglass.

Figure 4. PT.IKI Building Facade

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In this study, the research method used is the quantitative research method.
This research uses three variables in analyzing, namely:
a. Dependent variable
Dependent variables are factors that are observed and measured to
determine the influence of independent variables. These namely factors that
appear, or do not appear, or change according to what was introduced by the
researcher. The dependent variable in this study is the OTTV (Overall Thermal
Transfer Value) or overall thermal transfer value, which is determined as a design
criterion for conditioned walls and an exterior glass of buildings. The OTTV
standard used in this study is 35 watts/m² according to SNI 6389 (2011), and the
permitted limit is 45 watts/m² (Pemprov DKI Jakarta, 2012 )
b. Independent variable
Independent variables are variables that cause or influence, namely factors
that are measured, manipulated, or selected by researchers to determine the
relationship between observed or observed phenomena become independent
variables in this study are; Horizontal Shading device model, Vertical Shading
device model, and Eggcrate Shading device model. The length of each Shading
Shading device model is 60cm, 90cm, and 120cm. The slope of each Shading
Device Model is the length tested.
c. Control variable
Control variables are controlled or kept constant so that the relationship
between the independent and dependent variables is not influenced by external
factors that are not examined. The control variable in this study is the existing
condition regarding the physical building and the OTTV value.

Figure 5. Research flow concept

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4. Research results and discussion

4.1 Existing Design Simulation

OTTV calculation of PT.IKI building with a solar radiation absorption value
specification, opaque wall thermal transmittance value (Uw), WWR value, SC
value, SF value, UF value, and WWR value.

Table 2. Table of Existing OTTV Values

elevati OTTV
on

(Watts/
m²)
North 74.57

South 61.32

west 62.93

East 79.47

Averag
e 69,572
OTTV Calculation analysis, the existing
conditions of the OTTV building show a value of 69,572 W/m². This value is
above the allowable limit of 45 watts/m².

4.2 Shading device analysis of OTTV Value Impairment

Three types of Shading devices tested are horizontal, vertical, and egg-crate.
Vertical shading (SV) was tested with 18 samples with a length of 60.90 and
120cm (SV60, SV90, and SV120) with a slope of 0 for each sample. °,10 °,20 °,30
°,40 ° and 50 °. Shading Horizontal (SH) was tested with 18 samples with a length
 10

of 60.90 and 120cm (SH60, SH 90, and SH120) with a slope of each sample 0
°,10 °,20 °,30 °,40 °, and 50 °. Shading Eggcrate (ET) was tested with 15 samples
with a length of 60.90 and 120cm (ET60, ET90, and ET 120) with a slope of 0 for
each sample. °,10 °,20 °,30 °, and 40 °.

a. Shading device North Orientation

80

75

70

65
OTTV value

60

55

50

45

40
Eksisting 0 10 20 30 40 50

Axis Title

V 60 V 90 V 120
H 60 H 90 H 120
ET 60 ET 90 ET 120

Figure 7. Graph of Variations in Decreasing North Orientation OTTV Values with

Horizontal, Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading based on Ecotect Simulations.

Figure 7 shows the Vertical Shading with the highest decrease is the
Vertical Shading with a Length of 120 with a slope of 50 with a decrease value of
19% to 60.28 W/m2. Long Horizontal Shading 120 slope 50 decreased 31% to
51.468 W/m2. Shading Eggcrate with a length of 120 slopes of 40 experienced
the most effective reduction of 44% to 41.49 W/m2. The picture explains that the
longer and deeper the slope of the Shading can reduce the OTTV value because
the length and slope of the Shading affect dispelling. Comparison between vertical
and horizontal Shading in this north orientation according to figure 7, which is
effective is horizontal Shading, this is due to the ability of horizontal Shading to
accept high sun altitude angles, and horizontal Shading is less effective at
receiving high sun altitude angles. North orientation is more dominant, and the
angle of incidence is the high altitude angle. However, in the comparison of
vertical and horizontal Shading, there is Shading Eggcrate which is more
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effective in reducing the OTTV value. This is due to the Shading Eggcrate's
ability to accept low and high sun altitude angles so that the Shading can block
radiation entering through the glass surface.

MARCH 21
105
OTTV VALUE

85
65
45
25
10 13 15
O'CLOCK
EKSISTING EGGCRATE VERTIKAL
HORIZONTAL

Figure 8. Graph of Decreasing North-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on March 21.

The existing condition of the building without using a Shading device on

March 21 at 10.00 am has an OTTV value of 88.297 W/m2, 1.00 pm 98.251
W/m2, and 3.00 pm has a value of 72.683 W/m2. Decreasing vertical shading
devices at 10.00 am decreased the OTTV value by 30%, at 13.00 noon by 29%,
and at 3.00 pm decreased by 31%. Shading Horizontal at 10.00 am decreased the
value of OTTV by 37%, at 13.00 decreased OTTV by 39%, and at 3.00 pm
decreased by 33%. Eggcrate Shading has the most efficient reduction compared to
vertical and horizontal Shading at 10.00 at 44%, 13.00 noon at 45%, and 15.00 at
47%. A comparison of the effectiveness of vertical and horizontal Shading can be
seen in Figure 8 at 13.00, and it can be seen that vertical Shading is less efficient
in responding to high sun altitude angles. In contrast, horizontal Shading
efficiently responds to high sun altitude angles. Eggcrate Shading is effective in
response to high and low sun altitude angles so that the decrease in the OTTV
value can be maximally reduced.

21 JUNE
175
OTTV VALUE

125

75

25
1 2 3
O'CLOCK
EKSISTING EGGCRATE VERTIKAL
HORIZONTAL
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Figure 9. Graph of Decreasing North Orientation OTTV Value with Shading

Horizontal, Vertical, and Eggcrate June 21.

Figure 9 shows the existing condition of the building without using a

Shading device on June 21 at 10.00 am has an OTTV value of 148.87 W/m2, at
1.00 pm 161.56 W/m2, and 3.00 pm has a value of 93.516 W/m2. Decreasing the
vertical Shading device at 10.00 am decreased OTTV value by 37%, 1.00 pm 30%,
and 3.00 pm decreased by 18%. Shading horizontally at 10.00 am decreases the
OTTV value by 36%. At 13.00, the OTTV decreases by 43%, and at 3.00 pm, it
decreases by 18%. Eggcrate Shading has the most efficient reduction compared to
vertical and horizontal Shading at 10.00 at 46%, at 13.00 noon at 45%, and at
15.00 at 53%. A comparison of the effectiveness of vertical and horizontal
Shading can be seen in Figure 9 at 13.00. It can be seen that vertical Shading is
less efficient in responding to high sun altitude angles, while horizontal Shading is
efficient in responding to high sun altitude angles. At 10.00 am, the vertical and
horizontal Shading have almost the same decrease, only differing by 1%; this is
because the vertical Shading can respond to the angle of the sun's altitude, which
comes in June at 10.00 am so that the vertical shading decrease value is superior
even though it is only 1%. In contrast, 15.00-noon horizontal Shading is more
effective in receiving the arrival of the sun's altitude angle that comes from it.
Shading egg crate is effective in response to high and low sun altitude angles so
that the decrease in OTTV values can decrease efficiently, as seen in graphic

SEPTEMBER 23
125
OTTV VALUE

105
85
65
45
25
10 13 15
O'CLOCK

EKSISTING EGGCRATE
VERTIKAL HORIZONTAL
image nine at 10.00 am to 15.00 Shading egg crate.

Figure 10. Graph of Decreasing North Orientation OTTV Value with Horizontal,
Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading September 23.

On September 23, Figure 10 shows the existing condition of the building

without the use of a Shading device on September 23 at 10.00 am, it has an OTTV
value of 91,983 W/m2, at 1.00 pm is 113.77 W/m2, and at 3.00 pm it has a value
of 91,983 W/m2. Decreasing vertical shading devices at 10.00 am decreased the
OTTV value by 31%, at 13.00 noon by 29%, and at 3.00 pm decreased by 42%.
Shading horizontally at 10.00 am reduced the OTTV value by 37 %. At 13.00, the
OTTV decreased by 41%, and at 3.00 pm, it decreased by 48%. Eggcrate Shading
has the most efficient reduction compared to vertical and horizontal Shading at
10.00 at 44%, at 13.00 noon at 48%, and at 15.00 at 54%. The comparison of
vertical and horizontal Shading is the same as the analysis in Figures 9 and 10,
which explains the effectiveness of multiple horizontal fin superior Shading at
 13

high sun angles. The Shading egg crate is seen in graphic image ten from 10.00
am to 15.00.

22 DECEMBER
105
OTTV VALUE 85
65
45
25
10 13 15
O'CLOCK

EKSISTING EGGCRATE
VERTIKAL HORIZONTAL

Figure 11. Graph of Decreasing North Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,
Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading December 22.

December 23 in Figure 11 shows the existing condition of the building

without using a Shading device at 10.00 am has an OTTV value of 91.033 W/m2,
at 1.00 pm 98.577 W/m2, and 3.00 pm has a value of 59.23 W/m2. Decreasing
vertical shading devices at 10.00 am reduced the OTTV value by 28%, at 13.00
noon, and 3.00 pm, a decrease of 28%. Shading horizontally at 10.00 am
decreases the OTTV value by 35 %. At 13.00, the OTTV decreases by 35%, and at
3.00 pm, it decreases by 35%. Eggcrate Shading has the most efficient reduction
compared to vertical and horizontal Shading at 10.00 at 42%, 13.00 noon, 42%,
and 15.00 at 42%. The comparison of vertical and horizontal Shading is the same
as the analysis in Figures 9 and 10, which explains the effectiveness of multiple
horizontal fin superior Shading at high sun angles. The Shading egg crate is seen
in graphic image ten from 10.00 am to 15.00.

b. Shading device South Orientation

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65

60

55
V 60
OTTV VALUE 50 V 90
V 120
45 H 60
H 90
40 H 120
ET 60
35 ET 90
ET 120
30
Eksist- 0 10 20 30 40 50
ing

slopes

Figure 12. Graph of Variations in Decreasing North Orientation OTTV Values

with Horizontal, Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading based on Ecotect Simulations.
Figure 9 shows the Vertical Shading with the highest decrease, with a
Length of 120 with a slope of 50 and a decrease of 19% to 48.66 W/m2. Long
Horizontal Shading 120 slope 50 decreased 31% to 41.086 W/m2. Moreover, the
Shading Eggcrate with a length of 120 slopes of 40 experienced the most
effective reduction of 44% to 41.086W/m2. The graph in Figure 24 explains that
the longer and deeper the slope, the Shading can reduce the value only with a
North orientation. The best Shading is Shading Eggcrate.

MARCH 21
85
75
OTTV VALUE

65
55
45
35
25
10 13 15
O'CLOCK
EKSISTING EGGCRATE VERTIKAL
HORIZONTAL

Figure 13. Graph of Decreasing South-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on March 21.

March 21 in Figure 1-3 shows the existing condition of the building without
using a Shading device at 10.00 am has an OTTV value of 76.378 W/m2, at 1.00
pm 80.222 W/m2 and 3.00 pm has a value of 69.104 W/m2. Decreasing vertical
shading devices at 10.00 am decreased the OTTV value by 33%, at 13.00 noon by
 15

34%, and at 3.00 pm decreased by 33%. Shading horizontally at 10.00 am

decreased the OTTV value by 41 %. At 13.00, the OTTV decreased by 42%, and
at 3.00 pm, it decreased by 48%. Eggcrate Shading has the most efficient
reduction compared to vertical and horizontal Shading at 10.00 at 47%, 13.00
noon at 47%, and 15.00 at 52%. The comparison of vertical and horizontal
Shading is the same as the analysis on the northern orientation explanation,
which explains the effectiveness of superior horizontal multiple fins shading at
high sun angles. The Shading egg crate is seen in graphic image ten from 10.00
am to 15.00 am.

21 JUNE
85
OTTV VALUE

65

45

25
10 13 15
O'CLOCK

EKSISTING EGGCRATE
VERTIKAL HORIZONTAL

Figure 14. Graph of Decreasing South-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on June 21.

The existing condition of the building without using the Shading device at
10.00 am has an OTTV value of 66.211 W/m2, at 1.00 pm 78.528 W/m2, and at
3.00 pm has a value of 47.68 W/m2. Figure 14 shows a decrease in the vertical
Shading device at 10.00 am reducing the OTTV value by 33%, at 13.00 noon, and
at 3.00 pm, a decrease of 33%. Shading horizontally at 10.00 am reduced the
OTTV value by 41 %. At 13.00, the OTTV decreased by 41%; at 3.00 pm, it
decreased by 41%. Eggcrate Shading has the most efficient reduction compared to
vertical and horizontal Shading at 10.00 at 41%, 13.00 noon, and 15.00 at 41%.
Eggcrate Shading shows efficient Shading compared to vertical and horizontal
Shading.
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SEPTEMBER 23

85

OTTV VALUE
65

45

25
1 2 3
O'CLOCK
EKSISTING EGGCRATE VERTIKAL
HORIZONTAL

Figure 15. Graph of Decreasing South-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on September 23.

The existing condition of the building without using a Shading device at

10.00 am has an OTTV value of 77.37 W/m2, at 1.00 pm, 90.596 W/m2, and at
3.00 pm has a value of 69.187 W/m2. Figure 15 shows a decrease in the vertical
Shading device at 10.00 am reducing the OTTV value, at 13.00 noon by 33%, and
at 3.00 pm, a decrease of 23%. Shading horizontally at 10.00 am reduced the
OTTV value by 41 %. At 13.00, the OTTV decreased by 41%, and at 3.00 pm, it
decreased by 36%. Eggcrate Shading has the most efficient reduction compared to
vertical and horizontal Shading at 10.00 at 47%, 13.00 noon, and 15.00 at 47%.
Eggcrate Shading shows efficient Shading compared to vertical and horizontal
Shading.

22 DECEMBER
175
OTTV VALUE

125

75

25
10 13 15
O'CLOCK

EKSISTING EGGCRATE
VERTIKAL HORIZONTAL

Figure 16. Graph of Decreasing South-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on December 22.

The existing condition of the building without using a Shading device at

10.00 am has an OTTV value of 119.641 W/m2, at 1.00 pm 148.56 W/m2, and at
3.00 pm has a value of 81.586 W/m2. Figure 16 shows a decrease in the vertical
Shading device at 10.00 am reducing the OTTV value by 37%, at 13.00 noon by
31%, and at 3.00 pm, a decrease of 28%. Shading horizontally at 10.00 am
decreases the OTTV value by 42 %. At 13.00, the OTTV decreases by 47%, and at
 17

3.00 pm, a 46% drop. Eggcrate Shading has the most efficient decrease compared
to vertical and horizontal Shading at 10.00 at 50%, at 13.00 noon at 51%, and at
15.00 at 54%. Eggcrate Shading shows efficient Shading compared to vertical
and horizontal Shading.

c. Shading device Western orientation

65

60

55

50
OTTV VALUE

45

40

35

30

25
Eksisting 0 10 20 30 40 50

Axis Title

V 60 V 90 V 120
H 60 H 90 H 120
ET 60 ET 90 ET 120

Figure 17. Graph of Variations in Decreasing West-Oriented OTTV Values

with Horizontal, Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading based on Ecotect
Simulations.
The Ecotect simulation results for western orientation shading in Figure 17
shows that the vertical Shading with the highest decrease is the vertical Shading
with a length of 120 with a slope of 50 with a decrease value of 46% to 33,724
W/m2. Long Horizontal Shading 120 slope 50 decreased 53% to 29.483 W/m2.
Moreover, Shading Eggcrate with a length of 120 and a slope of 40 has the most
effective reduction of 62% to 28,912W/m2. The western orientation of the
effectiveness of horizontal multiple-fin Shading is superior to vertical Shading due
 18

to the efficiency of multiple horizontal fins shading in responding to high sun

angles and low horizontal Shading arrangement and tilt, which reduces the rate of
radiation entering through the glass surface.

Figure 13. Graph of Decreasing West-Oriented OTTV Values with

MARCH 21
100
OTTV VALUE

80
60
40
20
10 13 15
O'CLOCK
EKSISTING EGGCRATE VERTIKAL
HORIZONTAL

Horizontal, Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on March 21.

The decrease in the western orientation of the OTTV value on March 21 can
be seen in Figure 13. The current value of OTTV at 10.00 am is 61.167 W/m2, at
1.00 pm 69.544 W/m2, and 3.00 pm 94.423 W/m2. The vertical Shading in the
figure shows a decrease that occurred at 10.00 in the morning of 41%, at noon at
13.00, there was a decrease of 45%, and in the afternoon, a decrease of 62%.
Shading Horizontal at 10.00 am decreased by 44%, at 13.00 experienced a
decrease of 50%, and at 3.00 pm decreased by 66%. Shading Eggcrate
experienced the most significant decrease between vertical and horizontal
Shading. At 10.00 am, the OTTV value decreased by 52%. At noon, at 13.00, it
decreased by 60%, and at 3.00 pm 72%. The comparison of vertical and
horizontal Shading in Figure 13 shows that horizontal Shading is more effective.
This is because the Horizontal multiple fin shading can respond to the angle of the
sun's altitude that comes at 10.00 am, 13.00 noon, and 3.00 pm. However, egg-
crate Shading shows the most significant reduction results compared to the two
types of Shading. This is due to the ability of the egg-crate Shading to accept the
altitude angle of the sun coming in at a low angle or a high angle.
 19

JUNE
75
65

OTTV VALUE
55
45
35
25
15
10 13 15
O'CLOCK
EKSISTING EGGCRATE VERTIKAL
HORIZONTAL

Figure 14. Graph of Decreasing West-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on June 21.
OTTV value on June 21 can be seen in Figure 14. The current OTTV value
was at 10.00 am 56.062 W/m2, at 1.00 pm 70.341 W/m2, and 3.00 pm 66.029
W/m2. The vertical Shading in the figure shows a decrease that occurred at 10.00
in the morning of 38%, at noon at 13.00, there was a decrease of 45%, and in the
afternoon, a decrease of 62%. Shading Horizontal at 10.00 am decreased by 42%,
at 13.00 experienced a decrease of 48%, and at 3.00 pm decreased by 60%. In
graphic image 14, vertical Shading at 15 o'clock is 2% superior to horizontal
Shading. Shading Eggcrate experienced the most significant decrease between
vertical and horizontal Shading. At 10.00 am, the OTTV value decreased by 52%.
At noon at 13.00, it decreased by 58%, and at 3.00 pm 71%.
 20

SEPTEMBER
100

OTTV VALUE
80
60
40
20
10 13 15
O'CLOCK
EKSISTING EGGCRATE VERTIKAL
HORIZONTAL

Figure 15. Graph of Western Orientation OTTV Value Decrease with Horizontal,
Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on September 23.
OTTV value on September 23 can be seen in Figure 15. The current OTTV
value at 10.00 am is 61.757 W/m2, at 1.00 pm 77.941 W/m2, and 3.00 pm 89.008
W/m2. The vertical Shading in the figure shows a decrease that occurred at 10.00
in the morning by 41%, at noon at 13.00 it decreased by 44%, and in the
afternoon, it decreased by 59%. Shading Horizontal at 10.00 am decreased by
44%, at 13.00 experienced a decrease of 49%, and at 3.00 pm decreased by 60%.
In graphic image 15, vertical and horizontal Shading has a decreasing value that
tends to be the same. This is because the effectiveness of two shadings is
effective. However, horizontal Shading is more effective in responding to the
angle of the sun's altitude, which comes at 15.00 in the afternoon. Shading
Eggcrate experienced the most significant decrease between vertical and
horizontal Shading. At 10.00 am, the OTTV value decreased by 55%. At noon at
13.00, it decreased by 59%, and at 3.00 pm 68%.
 21

DECEMBER
100

OTTV VALUE
80
60
40
20
10 13 15
O'CLOCK
EKSISTING EGGCRATE VERTIKAL
HORIZONTAL

Figure 16. Graph of Decreasing West-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on December 22.
The OTTV value on December 22 can be seen in Figure 16. The current
value of OTTV is 10.00 am 72.010 W/m2, at 1.00 pm 84.123 W/m2, and at 3.00
pm 70.608 W/m2. The vertical Shading in the figure shows a decrease that
occurred at 10.00 in the morning at 41%, at noon at 13.00, it experienced a
decrease of 40%, and in the afternoon, a decrease of 40%. Shading Horizontal at
10.00 am decreased by 45%, at 13.00 experienced a decrease of 48%, and at 3.00
pm decreased by 58%. Shading Eggcrate experienced the most significant
decrease between vertical and horizontal Shading. At 10.00 am, the OTTV value
decreased by 45%. At noon, at 13.00, it decreased by 48%, and at 3.00 pm 68%.

d. Shading device Eastern Orientation

 22

85

75

65
OTTV VALUE

55

45

35

25
Eksisting 0 10 20 30 40 50

Axis Title

V 60 V 90 V 120
H 60 H 90 H 120
ET 60 ET 90 ET 120

Figure 17. Graph of Variations in Decreasing East Orientation OTTV Values

with Horizontal, Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading.
The shading simulation with the highest decrease is the Vertical Shading
with a length of 120 with a slope of 50 with a decrease of 33% to 52.872W/m2.
Long Horizontal Shading 120 slope 50 decreased 53% to 29.483 W/m2.
Moreover, Shading Eggcrate with a length of 120 and a slope of 40 has the most
effective reduction of 62% to 28,912W/m2. The western orientation of the
effectiveness of horizontal multiple-fin Shading is superior to vertical Shading.
This is due to the efficiency of multiple horizontal fins shading in responding to
high sun angles and low horizontal and tilted shading arrangement, reducing the
radiation rate entering through the glass surface. Eggcrate Shading is more
 23

effective because it can deflect incoming radiation and respond to the angle of the
incoming sun's altitude.

MARCH 21
220
OTTV VALUE

170
120
70
20
10 13 15
O'CLOCK
EKSISTING EGGCRATE VERTIKAL
HORIZONTAL

Figure 18. Graph of Decreasing East-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on March 21.

OTTV value on March 21 can be seen in Figure 18. The current OTTV value
at 10.00 am is 199.752 W/m2. At 1.00 pm, 128.627 W/m2. And at 3.00 pm
69.092 W/m2. The vertical Shading in the figure shows a decrease that occurred at
10.00 in the morning of 43%, at noon at 13.00, there was a decrease of 53%, and
in the afternoon, a decrease of 44%. Shading Horizontal at 10.00 am decreased by
71%, at 13.00 experienced a decrease of 71%, and at 3.00 pm decreased by 60%.
Shading Eggcrate experienced the most significant decrease between vertical and
horizontal Shading. At 10.00 am, the OTTV value decreased by 77%. At noon at
13.00, it decreased by 71%, and at 3.00 pm 60%. A comparison of vertical and
horizontal Shading in Figure 18 shows that horizontal Shading is more effective.
This is because the Horizontal multiple fin shading can respond to the angle of the
sun's altitude that comes at 10.00 am, 13.00 noon, and 3.00 pm. However, egg-
crate Shading shows the most significant reduction results compared to the two
types of Shading. This is due to the ability of the egg-crate Shading to accept the
altitude angle of the sun coming in at a low angle or a high angle.
 24

21 JUNE
210

OTTV VALUE
160
110
60
10
10 13 15
O'CLOCK

EKSISTING EGGCRATE
VERTIKAL HORIZONTAL

Figure 19. Graph of Decreasing East-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on June 21.

Figure 19 shows the decline in the western orientation of the OTTV value on
June 21, the current OTTV value at 10.00 am 173.124 W/m2, at 1.00 pm 96.260
W/m2, at 3.00 pm 47.582 W/m2. The vertical Shading in the figure shows a
decrease that occurred at 10.00 in the morning by 58%, at noon at 13.00, it
decreased by 42%, and in the afternoon, it decreased by 38%. Shading Horizontal
at 10.00 am decreased by 70%, at 13.00 experienced a decrease of 61%, and at
3.00 pm decreased by 56%. Shading Eggcrate experienced the most significant
decrease between vertical and horizontal Shading. At 10.00 am, the OTTV value
decreased by 78%. At noon at 13.00, it decreased by 67%, and at 3.00 pm 62%.
 25

SEPTEMBER 23
210

OTTV VALUE
160
110
60
10
10 13 15
O'CLOCK

EKSISTING EGGCRATE
VERTIKAL HORIZONTAL

Figure 20. Graph of Decreasing East-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on September 23.

Figure 20 shows the decline in the western orientation of the OTTV value on
June 21, the current OTTV value at 10.00 am 179.939 W/m2, at 1.00 pm 107.912
W/m2, at 3.00 pm 69.174 W/m2. The vertical Shading in the figure shows a
decrease that occurred at 10.00 in the morning of 42%, at noon at 13.00, there was
a decrease of 37%, and in the afternoon, a decrease of 38%. Shading Horizontal at
10.00 am decreased by 70%, at 13.00 experienced a decrease of 61%, and at 3.00
pm decreased by 56%. Shading Eggcrate experienced the most significant
decrease between vertical and horizontal Shading. At 10.00 am, the OTTV value
decreased by 74%. At noon at 13.00, it decreased by 67%, and at 3.00 pm 62%.

Figure 21. Graph of Decreasing East-Oriented OTTV Values with Horizontal,

22 DECEMBER
160
OTTV VALUE

110

60

10
10 13 15
O'CLOCK

EKSISTING EGGCRATE
VERTIKAL HORIZONTAL
Vertical, and Eggcrate Shading on December 22.
 26

Figure 21 shows the decline in the western orientation of the OTTV value on
June 21, the existing OTTV value at 10.00 am 133.888 W/m2, at 1.00 pm 113.319
W/m2, at 3.00 pm 59.257 W/m2. The vertical Shading in the figure shows a
decrease that occurred at 10.00 in the morning of 33%, at noon at 13.00 it
experienced a decrease of 35% and in the afternoon a decrease of 38%. Shading
Horizontal at 10.00 am decreased by 59%, at 13.00 experienced a decrease of
58%, and at 3.00 pm decreased by 56%. Eggcrate Shading experienced the most
significant decrease between vertical and horizontal Shading. At 10.00 am, the
OTTV value decreased by 66%. At noon at 13.00, it decreased by 65%, and at
3.00 pm 62%.

e. OTTV Summary with Shading Device Modification

Table 3. Table of OTTV Values After Using Shading

elevatio
OTTV OTTV
n

Simulation

(Watts/ (Watts/
m²) m²)

North 74.57 41.49

South 61.32 31.95

west 62.93 23.95

East 79.47 28.91

Average 31.57

The Ecotect simulation results

show that the overall OTTV value is 31.57 W/m2. On the north side, the OTTV
value is 74.57 Watt/m² to 41.49 Watt/m² after using Shading Egccrate, the South
side is 61.32Watt/m² to 31.95 W/m2 after
using Shading Eggcrate, the west side
62.93 Watt/m² becomes 23.95 W/m 2
after using Shading Eggcrate and an east
side 79.47 W/m 2 becomes 28.91 W/m 2 after using Shading Eggcrate. The OTTV
analysis value using the shading device is included in the standard category
regulated in SNI, which is 35 W/m 2 and does not exceed 45 W/m 2.
 27

5. Conclusion

The shading device affects decreasing the OTTV value. The longer the
shading device and the higher the slope, the more effective it is in blocking
radiation from entering the glass surface. This can be seen in the shading response
tested for one year, tested during the sun's apparent motion on March 21, June 21,
September 23, and December 22 at 10.00 am, 1.00 pm, and 3.00 pm. This can be
seen in the decrease in the existing OTTV of the building without using a shading
device, which has an initial value of 69.572 W/m 2, a decrease of 55% to 31.57
W/m 2. Shading egg crate with a length of 120cm with a slope of 40 ° is the best
Shading based on a comparative analysis between vertical louver shading and
horizontal multiple fin shading. This is because egg crate Shading can respond to
the incoming sun's low and high altitude angles to minimize or block incoming
radiation through the glass surface.

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