Networks of the Future

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 CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC
COMPUTER and INFORMATION SCIENCE SERIES
Series Editor: Sartaj Sahni

PUBLISHED TITLES

ADVERSARIAL REASONING: COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO READING THE OPPONENT’S MIND

Alexander Kott and William M. McEneaney
COMPUTER-AIDED GRAPHING AND SIMULATION TOOLS FOR AUTOCAD USERS
P. A. Simionescu
COMPUTER SIMULATION: A FOUNDATIONAL APPROACH USING PYTHON
Yahya Esmail Osais
DELAUNAY MESH GENERATION
Siu-Wing Cheng, Tamal Krishna Dey, and Jonathan Richard Shewchuk
DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS, SECOND EDITION
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DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS: AN ALGORITHMIC APPROACH, SECOND EDITION
Sukumar Ghosh
ENERGY-AWARE MEMORY MANAGEMENT FOR EMBEDDED MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS:
A COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN APPROACH
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ENERGY EFFICIENT HARDWARE-SOFTWARE CO-SYNTHESIS USING RECONFIGURABLE HARDWARE
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FUNDAMENTALS OF NATURAL COMPUTING: BASIC CONCEPTS, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS
Leandro Nunes de Castro
HANDBOOK OF ALGORITHMS FOR WIRELESS NETWORKING AND MOBILE COMPUTING
Azzedine Boukerche

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PUBLISHED TITLES CONTINUED
HANDBOOK OF APPROXIMATION ALGORITHMS AND METAHEURISTICS
Teofilo F. Gonzalez
HANDBOOK OF BIOINSPIRED ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS
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HANDBOOK OF COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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HANDBOOK OF REAL-TIME AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
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HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN REMOTE SENSING
Antonio J. Plaza and Chein-I Chang
HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION: USING WEARABLE SENSORS AND SMARTPHONES
Miguel A. Labrador and Oscar D. Lara Yejas
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF WIRELESS LANs: A PRACTICAL GUIDE
Nurul Sarkar
INTEGRATION OF SERVICES INTO WORKFLOW APPLICATIONS
Paweł Czarnul
INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK SECURITY
Douglas Jacobson
LOCATION-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS: DEVELOPING REAL-TIME TRACKING APPLICATIONS
Miguel A. Labrador, Alfredo J. Pérez, and Pedro M. Wightman
PUBLISHED TITLES CONTINUED

METHODS IN ALGORITHMIC ANALYSIS

Vladimir A. Dobrushkin
MULTICORE COMPUTING: ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND APPLICATIONS
Sanguthevar Rajasekaran, Lance Fiondella, Mohamed Ahmed, and Reda A. Ammar
NETWORKS OF THE FUTURE: ARCHITECTURES, TECHNOLOGIES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS
Mahmoud Elkhodr, Qusay Hassan, and Seyed Shahrestani
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF QUEUING AND COMPUTER NETWORKS
G. R. Dattatreya
THE PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF INTERNET COMPUTING
Munindar P. Singh
SCALABLE AND SECURE INTERNET SERVICES AND ARCHITECTURE
Cheng-Zhong Xu
AU: Please
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT: A VISUAL C++®, MFC, AND STL TUTORIAL confirm
Bud Fox, Zhang Wenzu, and Tan May Ling whether
the updated
SPECULATIVE EXECUTION IN HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES name of
“Qusay
David Kaeli and Pen-Chung Yew Fadhel
Hassan” is
TRUSTWORTHY CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING appropriate.
Alexander Romanovsky and Fuyuki Ishikawa
VEHICULAR NETWORKS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
Stephan Olariu and Michele C. Weigle
X-MACHINES FOR AGENT-BASED MODELING: FLAME PERSPECTIVES
Mariam Kiran
 Networks of the Future:
Architectures, Technologies, and Implementations

Edited by
Mahmoud Elkhodr
Western Sydney University, Australia
AU: Please
confirm
Qusay Fadhel Hassan
whether Mansoura University, Egypt
the updated
name of
“Qusay Seyed Shahrestani
Fadhel Western Sydney University, Australia
Hassan” is
appropriate.

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 CRC Press
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 Contents
Preface...............................................................................................................................................xi
Author/Editor ................................................................................................................................. xiii
Contributors...................................................................................................................................... xv

Part I  Cognitive Radio Networks

Chapter 1 Cognitive Radio with Spectrum Sensing for Future Networks..................................... 3
Nabil Giweli, Seyed Shahrestani, and Hon Cheung

Chapter 2 Cognitive Radio and Spectrum Sensing......................................................................25

Daniel Malafaia, José Vieira, and Ana Tomé

Chapter 3 Machine Learning Techniques for Wideband Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive

Radio Networks........................................................................................................... 43
Sufi Tabassum Gul and Asad Ullah Omer

Chapter 4 Resource Management Techniques in Licensed Shared Access Networks................ 71

M. Majid Butt, Jasmina McMenamy, Arman Farhang, Irene Macaluso, Carlo
Galiotto, and Nicola Marchetti

Part II  5G Technologies and Software-Defined Networks

Chapter 5 Software-Defined Network Security Breaks and Obstacles....................................... 91
Ahmed Dawoud, Seyed Shahristani, and Chun Raun

Chapter 6 Fog Computing Mechanisms in 5G Mobile Networks............................................. 103

Stojan Kitanov and Toni Janevski

Chapter 7 Lightweight Cryptography in 5G Machine-type Communication............................ 129

Hüsnü Yıldız, Adnan Kılıç, and Ertan Onur

Chapter 8 Index Modulation: A Promising Technique for 5G and Beyond Wireless

Networks................................................................................................................... 147
Ertugrul Basar

Chapter 9 Seamless and Secure Communication for 5G Subscribers in 5G-WLAN

Heterogeneous Networks........................................................................................... 169
Amit Kumar and Hari Om

vii

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 viii Contents

Chapter 10 Simulators, Testbeds, and Prototypes of 5G Mobile Networking Architectures...... 187

Shahram Mollahasan, Alperen Eroğlu, Ömer Yamaç, and Ertan Onur

Part III  Efficient Solutions for Future Heterogenous Networks

Chapter 11 A Fuzzy Logic–Based QoS Evaluation Method for Heterogeneous Networks........ 205
Farnaz Farid, Seyed Shahrestani, and Chun Ruan

Chapter 12 Network Virtualization for Next-Generation Computing and Communication

Infrastructures........................................................................................................... 245
Qiang Yang

Chapter 13 Maximizing the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks by Optimal Network

Design........................................................................................................................ 279
Keqin Li

Chapter 14 Bandwidth Allocation Scheme with QoS Provisioning for Heterogeneous

Optical and Wireless Networks................................................................................. 303
Siti H. Mohammad, Nadiatulhuda Zulkifli, Sevia M. Idrus, and Arnidza Ramli

Chapter 15 Energy Conservation Techniques for Passive Optical Networks.............................. 321

Aslam Butt Rizwan, Mahdaliza Idrus Sevia, and Zulkifli Nadiatulhuda

Chapter 16 Energy Efficiency in Wireless Body Sensor Networks............................................. 341

Ali Hassan Sodhro, Giancarlo Fortino, Sandeep Pirbhulal, Mir Muhammad
Lodro, and Madad Ali Shah

Chapter 17 Efficient Modulation Schemes for Visible Light Communication Systems.............. 357
Navera Karim Memon and Fahim A. Umrani

Part IV  Big Data and the Internet of Things

Chapter 18 A Data Aware Scheme for Scheduling Big-Data Applications with SAVANNA
Hadoop...................................................................................................................... 379
K. Hemant Kumar Reddy, Himansu Das, and Diptendu Sinha Roy

Chapter 19 Big Data Computing using Cloud-based Technologies: Challenges and Future
Perspectives............................................................................................................... 395
Samiya Khan, Kashish A. Shakil, and Mansaf Alam

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 Contents ix

Chapter 20 A Multidimensional Sensitivitybased Anonymization Method of Big Data............ 417

M. Al-Zobbi, S. Shahrestani, and C. Ruan

Chapter 21 A Quick Perspective on the Current State of IoT Security....................................... 433

Musa G. Samaila, João B. F. Sequeiros, Acácio F. P. P. Correia, Mário M.
Freire, and Pedro R. M. Inácio

Chapter 22 A Semidistributed Metaheuristic Algorithm for Collaborative Beamforming in

the Internet of Things................................................................................................ 467
Suhanya Jayaprakasam, Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim, and Chee Yen Leow

Index............................................................................................................................................... 483

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 Preface
The Internet constitutes the largest heterogeneous network and infrastructure in existence. It is esti-
mated that more than 3.4 billion peoples had accessed the Internet in 2016. The number of mobile
subscriptions has already exceeded the world population. The estimated 2.5 exabytes (2.5 × 1018
bytes) of global data exchanged per month in 2014, is forecast to grow at a staggering compound
annual growth rate of 57% to reach 24.3 exabytes per month in 2019. This rapid explosion of data
can be attributed to several factors, including the advances in wireless technologies and cellular
systems, and the widespread adoption of smart devices, fueling the development of the Internet of
Things (IoT).
With the ubiquitous diffusion of the IoT, Cloud Computing, 5G, and other evolved wireless tech-
nologies into our daily lives, the world will see the Internet of the future expanding and growing
even more rapidly. Recent figures estimate that the number of connected devices to the Internet
will rise to 50 billion by 2020. The IoT is a fast-growing heterogeneous network of connected sen-
sors and actuators attached to a wide variety of everyday objects. Mobile and wireless technologies
including traditional wireless local access networks (WLANs) technologies and low-, ultra-power-,
short- and long-range technologies will continue to drive the progress of communications and con-
nectivity. The rapid growth of smart devices that connect to each other and to the Internet through
cellular and wireless communication technologies forms the future of networking. Pervasive con-
nectivity will use technologies such as 5G systems, cognitive radio (CR), software-defined net-
works, and cloud computing amongst many others. These technologies facilitate the communication
among the growing number of connected devices, leading to the generation of huge volumes of data.
Processing and analysis of such “big data” bring about many opportunities, which as usual, come
with many challenges, such as those relating to efficient power consumptions, security, privacy,
management, and quality of service. This book is about the technologies, opportunities, and chal-
lenges that can drive and shape the networks of the future. We try to provide answers to fundamen-
tal and pressing research challenges including architectural shifts, concepts, mitigation solutions
and techniques, and key technologies in the areas of networking.
The book consists of 22 chapters written by some established international researchers and
experts in their field from various countries. These chapters went through multiple review cycles
and were handpicked based on their quality, clarity, and the subjects we believe are of interest to
the reader. It is divided into four parts. Part I consists of five chapters. It starts with a discussion
on CR technologies as promising solutions for improving spectrum utilization to manage the ever-
increasing traffic of the wireless networks. This is followed by exploring the advances in CR spec-
trum sensing techniques and resource management methods.
Part II presents the latest developments and research in the areas of 5G technologies and soft-
ware-defined networks (SDN). After highlighting some of the challenges that SDN faces, various
opportunities and solutions that address them are discussed. It also discusses SDN security solu-
tions for policies enforcements and verification, and explore the application of SDN in network
intrusion detection context. This part of the book then moves to discuss and present solutions to the
most pressing challenges facing the adoption of 5G technologies. In this direction, the new para-
digm known as Fog Computing is examined in the context of 5G networks. A new re-authentication
schema for multiradio access handover in 5G networks is also presented. This part then concludes
with a chapter that compares and investigates the existent and developing 5G simulators, 5G test
beds, projects, and other 5G-based federated platforms.
Part III is focused on efficient solutions for future heterogeneous networks. It consists of a col-
lection of six chapters that discuss about self-healing solutions, dealing with network virtualization,
QoS in heterogeneous networks, and energy efficient techniques for passive optical networks sand
wireless sensor networks.

xi

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 xii Preface

AU: Please The final part of this book covers the areas of IoT and Big Data. It consists of five chapters that
advise discuss the latest developments and future perspectives of Big Data and the IoT paradigms. The first
whether the
three chapters discuss topics such as data anonymization, which is presented as one of the pioneer
cross refer-
ence Part III solutions that can minimise privacy risks associated with Big Data. This part also includes a chap-
is correct ter that advocates employing a data location aware application scheme to improve the performance
here. of data transfer among clusters. Part III of this book then ends with two chapters on IoT. The first
chapter presents a survey on the current state of IoT security. The second chapter discusses the latest
research on Beamforming technologies in the IoT.
This book is intended for a broader audience; yet, it is a collection of works that researchers and
graduate students may find useful in exploring the latest trends in networking and communications.
It can also be used as a resource for self-study by advanced students. The book can also be of value
to cross-domain practising researchers, professionals, and business stakeholders who may be inter-
ested in knowing about the future networking landscape.

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 Editors
Dr. Mahmoud Elkhodr completed his PhD degree in information and communication technologies
at Western Sydney University (Western), Australia. Mahmoud has been awarded the International
Postgraduate Research Scholarship (IPRS) and Australian Postgraduate Award (APA) in 2012–
2015. He has been awarded the High Achieving Graduate Award twice in 2010 and 2012. Mahmoud
has authored several journal articles and book chapters and presented at prestigious conference
venues. He is currently editing two books on Future Networks and 5G technologies to be published
in 2017. His research interests include Internet of things, e-health, human–computer interactions,
security and privacy.
Dr. Qusay Fadhel Hassan is an independent researcher and a technology evangelist with 15 years
of professional experience in ICT. He is currently a systems analyst at the United States Agency
for International Development in Cairo, Egypt, where he deals with large-scale and complex sys-
tems. Dr. Hassan has received his BS, MS, and PhD from Mansoura University, Egypt in computer
science and information systems in 2003, 2008, and 2015, respectively. His research interests are
varied that include IoT, SOA, high-performance computing, cloud computing, and grid computing.
Dr. Hassan has authored and coauthored a number of journal and conference papers as well as
book chapters. He also published a book lately: Applications in Next-Generation High Performance
Computing (published in 2016 by IGI Global), and he is currently editing two new books on the
Internet of things to be published in 2017. Dr. Hassan is an IEEE senior member, and a member of
the editorial board of a number of associations.
Dr. Seyed Shahrestani completed his PhD degree in electrical and information engineering at the
University of Sydney. He joined Western Sydney University (Western) in 1999, where he is currently
a senior lecturer. He is also the head of the Networking, Security, and Cloud Research (NSCR)
group at Western. His main teaching and research interests include networking, management and
security of networked systems, artificial intelligence applications, health ICT, IoT, and smart envi-
ronments. He is also highly active in higher degree research training supervision, with successful
results.

xiii

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 Contributors
Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim
Wireless Communication Centre
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Johor, Malaysia
Acácio F. P. P. Correia
Department of Computer Science
University of Beira Interior
Covilhã, Portugal

Mansaf Alam Himansu Das

Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science &
Jamia Millia Islamia Engineering
New Delhi, India Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology
Bhubaneswar, India
AU: TO M. Al-Zobbi
maintain
School of Computing, Engineering & Ahmed Dawoud
consistency,
please Mathematics School of Computing, Engineering and
expand fore- Western Sydney University Mathematics
name for all New South Wales, Australia Western Sydney University
the authors.
Sydney, Australia
Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim
Wireless Communication Centre Alperen Eroğlu
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Department of Computer Engineering
Johor, Malaysia Middle East Technical University
Ankara, Turkey
Ertugrul Basar
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Arman Farhang
Engineering CONNECT Centre
Istanbul Technical University Trinity College Dublin
Maslak, Istanbul Dublin, Ireland

M. Majid Butt Farnaz Farid

CONNECT Centre Engineering and Mathematics
Trinity College Dublin Western Sydney University
Dublin, Ireland Sydney, Australia

Rizwan Aslam Butt Giancarlo Fortino

Department of Electrical Engineering
University Technology Malaysia
Johor, Malaysia
Hon Cheung
School of Computing, Engineering and
Mathematics
Western Sydney University
Sydney, Australia
Department of Informatics, Modeling,
Electronics and Systems
University of Calabria
Rende, Italy
Mário M. Freire
Department of Computer Science
University of Beira Interior
Covilhã, Portugal

xv

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 xvi Contributors

Carlo Galiotto Adnan Kılıç

CONNECT Centre Department of Computer Engineering
Trinity College Dublin Middle East Technical University
Dublin, Ireland Ankara, Turkey

Nabil Giweli Stojan Kitanov

School of Computing, Engineering and Faculty of Informatics
Mathematics Mother Teresa University
Western Sydney University Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Sydney, Australia
Amit Kumar
Sufi Tabassum Gul Department of Computer Science and
Department of Electrical Engineering Engineering
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School
Sciences (PIEAS) of Mines)
Islamabad, Pakistan Dhanbad, Jharkhand

K. Hemant Kumar Reddy Chee Yen Leow

Department of Computer Science & Wireless Communication Centre
Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
National Institute of Science and Technology Johor, Malaysia
Berhampur, India
Keqin Li
Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus Department of Computer Science
Department of Electrical Engineering State University of New York AU: Please
provide
University Technology Malaysia New Paltz, New York department
Johor, Malaysia details
Mir Muhammad Lodro for Mir
Pedro R. M. Inácio Sukkur Institute of Business Administration Muhammad
Lodro.
Department of Computer Science Sukkur, Pakistan
University of Beira Interior
AU: “Dr.
Covilhã, Portugal Irene Macaluso Abdul
CONNECT Centre Majiod”
Toni Janevski Trinity College Dublin is given in
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Dublin, Ireland Chapter 3
TOC, but
Information Technologies not provided
Ss Cyril and Methodius University Dr. Abdul Majid in chapter
Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Department of Computer & Information opener
Sciences (DCIS) page. Shall
we delete
Suhanya Jayaprakasam Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied this author?
Wireless Systems Laboratory, Engineering Sciences (PIEAS) Please
Building Islamabad, Pakistan suggest.
Hanyang University
Seoul, South Korea Daniel Malafaia AU: Please
Nicola Marchetti provide com-
plete details
Samiya Khan CONNECT Centre for Daniel
Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Malafaia.
Jamia Millia Islamia Dublin, Ireland
New Delhi, India

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 Contributors xvii

Jasmina McMenamy Chun Raun

CONNECT Centre School of Computing, Engineering and
Trinity College Dublin Mathematics
Dublin, Ireland Western Sydney University
Sydney, Australia
Navera Karim Memon
Department of Telecommunication Engineering Diptendu Sinha Roy
Mehran University of Engineering & Department of Computer Science &
Technology Engineering
Jamshoro, Pakistan National Institute of Science and Technology
Berhampur, India
Siti H. Mohammad
Faculty of Electrical Engineering Chun Ruan
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia School of Computing, Engineering and
Skudai, Malaysia Mathematics
Western Sydney University
Shahram Mollahasani New South Wales, Australia
Department of Computer Engineering
Middle East Technical University Musa G. Samaila
Ankara, Turkey Department of Computer Science
University of Beira Interior
Hari Om Covilhã, Portugal
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering João B. F. Sequeiros
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School Department of Computer Science
of Mines) University of Beira Interior
Dhanbad, Jharkhand Covilhã, Portugal

Asad Ullah Omer Madad Ali Shah AU: Please

Department of Electrical Engineering Sukkur Institute of Business Administration provide
Department
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sukkur, Pakistan details for
Sciences (PIEAS) Madad Ali
Islamabad, Pakistan Kashish A. Shakil Shah.
Department of Computer Science
Ertan Onur Jamia Millia Islamia
AU: Please
Department of Computer Engineering New Delhi, India
provide
Middle East Technical University Department
Ankara, Turkey Ali Hassan Sodhro details for
Sukkur Institute of Business Administration Ali Hassan
Sodhro.
Sandeep Pirbhulal Sukkur, Pakistan
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
Chinese Academy of Sciences Ana Tomé AU: Please
Shenzhen, China Fahim A. Umrani provide
affiliation
Department of Telecommunication Engineering details for
Arnidza Ramli Mehran University of Engineering & authors José
Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology Vieira and
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Jamshoro, Pakistan Ana Tomé.
Skudai, Malaysia

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 xviii Contributors

José Vieira Hüsnü Yıldız

Ömer Yamaç Department of Computer Engineering
Department of Computer Engineering Middle East Technical University
Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey
Ankara, Turkey
Nadiatulhuda Zulkifli
Qiang Yang Department of Electrical Engineering
College of Electrical Engineering University Technology Malaysia
Zhejiang University Johor, Malaysia
Hangzhou, China

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